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Smoking is Injurious to Health Essay

Learn how to write smoking is injurious to health essay in English language in 300 words. Know more about essay smoking is injurious to health for students of class 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Now you can also write short essay smoking is injurious to health for students in 300 words.

In this modern-day society, we can see adults and teenagers smoking in the parties and night clubs as they find it a symbol of maturity and status, least aware of the fact that smoking will kill them one day. “Smoking is injurious to health” is written on every cigarette packet; however people ignore this truth and keep on smoking without caring about their health and family.

Smoking causes many health issues related to lungs, heart, and kidneys and it even causes cancer. Smokers are well-aware of the negative impact of smoking nevertheless they don’t quit it as they get addicted to the nicotine present in the cigarette. As per stats, nearly 128,000 people die annually due to smoking therefore we can realize how badly it affects the society.

People who smoke give lame justifications for their habit of smoking and usually, teenagers are more into smoking posing a great risk to their lives. People consider smoking as a means to relax but it causes various health problems and sometimes proves to be fatal. Therefore, it is important that people should understand its bad impact and quit it as soon as possible to save their life as well as of their loved ones. From decades, many families have suffered the loss of their loved ones and struggled financially due to the ill effects of smoking. Hence, smoking must be banned everywhere, be it a hotel, club or a resort.

Also, the non-smokers when get exposed to environmental tobacco are at high risk just like the ones who smoke directly. So smokers should think about their children and family and should stop smoking for the betterment of their life and society. It is especially injurious to the old age people and children. Hence, it must be quitted and the government should also ban the manufacture of such substances that cause great harm to mankind and nature.

Health is Wealth Essay

Smoking should be banned in public places

Essay on Smoking

500 words essay on smoking.

One of the most common problems we are facing in today’s world which is killing people is smoking. A lot of people pick up this habit because of stress , personal issues and more. In fact, some even begin showing it off. When someone smokes a cigarette, they not only hurt themselves but everyone around them. It has many ill-effects on the human body which we will go through in the essay on smoking.

Ill-Effects of Smoking

Tobacco can have a disastrous impact on our health. Nonetheless, people consume it daily for a long period of time till it’s too late. Nearly one billion people in the whole world smoke. It is a shocking figure as that 1 billion puts millions of people at risk along with themselves.

Cigarettes have a major impact on the lungs. Around a third of all cancer cases happen due to smoking. For instance, it can affect breathing and causes shortness of breath and coughing. Further, it also increases the risk of respiratory tract infection which ultimately reduces the quality of life.

In addition to these serious health consequences, smoking impacts the well-being of a person as well. It alters the sense of smell and taste. Further, it also reduces the ability to perform physical exercises.

It also hampers your physical appearances like giving yellow teeth and aged skin. You also get a greater risk of depression or anxiety . Smoking also affects our relationship with our family, friends and colleagues.

Most importantly, it is also an expensive habit. In other words, it entails heavy financial costs. Even though some people don’t have money to get by, they waste it on cigarettes because of their addiction.

How to Quit Smoking?

There are many ways through which one can quit smoking. The first one is preparing for the day when you will quit. It is not easy to quit a habit abruptly, so set a date to give yourself time to prepare mentally.

Further, you can also use NRTs for your nicotine dependence. They can reduce your craving and withdrawal symptoms. NRTs like skin patches, chewing gums, lozenges, nasal spray and inhalers can help greatly.

Moreover, you can also consider non-nicotine medications. They require a prescription so it is essential to talk to your doctor to get access to it. Most importantly, seek behavioural support. To tackle your dependence on nicotine, it is essential to get counselling services, self-materials or more to get through this phase.

One can also try alternative therapies if they want to try them. There is no harm in trying as long as you are determined to quit smoking. For instance, filters, smoking deterrents, e-cigarettes, acupuncture, cold laser therapy, yoga and more can work for some people.

Always remember that you cannot quit smoking instantly as it will be bad for you as well. Try cutting down on it and then slowly and steadily give it up altogether.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of the Essay on Smoking

Thus, if anyone is a slave to cigarettes, it is essential for them to understand that it is never too late to stop smoking. With the help and a good action plan, anyone can quit it for good. Moreover, the benefits will be evident within a few days of quitting.

FAQ of Essay on Smoking

Question 1: What are the effects of smoking?

Answer 1: Smoking has major effects like cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and more. It also increases the risk for tuberculosis, certain eye diseases, and problems with the immune system .

Question 2: Why should we avoid smoking?

Answer 2: We must avoid smoking as it can lengthen your life expectancy. Moreover, by not smoking, you decrease your risk of disease which includes lung cancer, throat cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, and more.

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Oct 6, 2015

write essay on smoking is injurious to health

Short Essay on 'Smoking is Injurious to Health'

Cigarettes are very much harmful and injurious to the health of chain smokers and passive smokers. They cause a number of health problems such as lung cancer and heart attacks.

In fact, cigarette adverts have a direct effect on children and young people, who see them on TV and posters. These adverts are shown in such a way to give a promotional message for smoking. For example, they show the successful, attractive, popular people while smoking. Besides, they don't mention the dangers of smoking at all. Therefore, smoking is very common among young people, who are easily influenced by cigarette adverts. The young people have less perception of effects of smoking. These people are also unaware of facts about smoking cigarettes.

To solve this problem, cigarette advertising should be prevented from appearing to reduce the number of smokers. The business related to cigarette is against the welfare of human health. Therefore it is to be taxed with larger percentage.

The heart specialist hospital advising not to smoke as smoking is one cause of heart disease out of other many causes. Hospitals are telling that if anybody is reaching at 60th birthday, he must undergo heart check up. About 80 percent lung cancer cases are because of smoking. It is the general data. Cigarette causes irritation to lungs and also causes overproduction of mucus in lungs. This causes cough problem in smoker's lungs. Depth of breadth reduces. This leads other problems in the body. Therefore I recommend not to destroy your health by smoking. Be addict of God gifted eatables not be addict of manmade injurious poisons.

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Essay On Smoking Is Injurious To Health

Introduction:

Smoking is a prevalent habit that has persisted throughout history despite growing awareness of its detrimental effects on health. The evidence is unequivocal – smoking is injurious to health. This essay explores the various health risks associated with smoking, emphasizing the importance of raising awareness and implementing measures to curb this hazardous habit.

Respiratory System Damage:

Smoking is a major cause of respiratory system damage. The inhalation of tobacco smoke exposes the lungs to harmful substances such as nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide. Chronic exposure to these substances leads to conditions like chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Moreover, smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, claiming countless lives annually.

Cardiovascular Complications:

The negative impact of smoking extends beyond the respiratory system to cardiovascular health. Smoking contributes to the narrowing and hardening of arteries, leading to atherosclerosis. This condition increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular complications. Smokers face a significantly higher likelihood of developing heart disease compared to non-smokers.

Cancer Risk:

Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens that substantially elevate the risk of various cancers. In addition to lung cancer, smoking is linked to cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, and cervix. The devastating consequences of smoking-induced cancers underscore the urgent need for individuals to quit this habit.

Reproductive Health Issues:

Smoking adversely affects reproductive health in both men and women. In males, smoking can lead to erectile dysfunction and a decrease in sperm count. Pregnant women who smoke risk complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, and increased chances of stillbirth or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Secondhand smoke is also harmful to the fetus, emphasizing the importance of smoke-free environments during pregnancy.

Resurgence of Respiratory Infections:

Smokers are more susceptible to respiratory infections, including pneumonia and influenza. The compromised immune system and impaired lung function make smokers more vulnerable to infections, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates.

Secondhand Smoke Dangers:

Not only is smoking injurious to the health of the smoker, but exposure to secondhand smoke also poses significant risks to those in proximity. Secondhand smoke contains many of the same harmful substances as directly inhaled smoke, contributing to respiratory issues, cardiovascular problems, and an increased risk of cancer among non-smokers.

Addiction and Mental Health Implications:

Nicotine, the addictive substance in tobacco, can lead to physical and psychological dependence. Quitting smoking is often challenging due to withdrawal symptoms, including irritability, anxiety, and mood swings. The association between smoking and mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety disorders, underscores the complex relationship between tobacco use and mental well-being.

Conclusion:

The evidence supporting the assertion that smoking is injurious to health is overwhelming. The numerous health risks associated with smoking highlight the urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies aimed at tobacco control. Raising awareness about the dangers of smoking, implementing strict tobacco control policies, and providing support for smoking cessation are crucial steps toward reducing the prevalence of this hazardous habit and its devastating health consequences. Individuals must recognize the importance of quitting smoking not only for their own well-being but also for the well-being of those around them.

Also read: Smoking in public places should be banned essay

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THANK YOU SO MUCH

This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

I love the essay. ! But. Can. You makE one. About what smoking is?

Yes, I agree with you that smoking is bad for your health. But when I decided to quit, I started having psychological problems, so serious that I had to turn to Australia Counselling specialists. And only with their help I was able to overcome this condition and return to a normal healthy lifestyle.

Health Effects

Smoking leads to disease and disability and harms nearly every organ of the body.

More than 16 million Americans are living with a disease caused by smoking. For every person who dies because of smoking, at least 30 people live with a serious smoking-related illness. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Smoking also increases risk for tuberculosis, certain eye diseases, and problems of the immune system, including rheumatoid arthritis.

Secondhand smoke exposure contributes to approximately 41,000 deaths among nonsmoking adults and 400 deaths in infants each year. Secondhand smoke causes stroke, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease in adults. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome, acute respiratory infections, middle ear disease, more severe asthma, respiratory symptoms, and slowed lung growth.

Tobacco use increases the risk for many types of cancer, such as Lung cancer.

Heart Disease

Studies show a direct link between cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease.

Man with tubes delivering oxygen through his nose

Smoking, including during the teenage years, increases the risk of dying from COPD.

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for pregnancy complications.

Related Materials

Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking
Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke
Tobacco-Related Mortality
50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General [PDF–35.9 MB]
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General . Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014 [accessed 2016 Dec 20].

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Ielts exam preparation for a higher band score., ielts essay – smoking is injurious to health and therefore should be banned.

IELTS Essay with model answer:

IELTS Essay Topic: Smoking is injurious to health and therefore should be banned.

Sample Answer: It is a true fact to consider that smoking has detrimental impact on our health. Considering this, there are some analysts who hold an opinion that the smoking should be banned completely. While others consider that smoking should not be band completely. This essay will assert both sides of the contentions before deducing reasonable conclusion.

There is factor where argument in favour of banning the consumption of smoking could be supported. First and foremost, health issues could be a significant factor. It is generally seen that smoking may contras several deadly diseases. For example lung cancers, mouth cancer etc. The fact could be demonstrated by recent conducted survey in Australia has found that 85% of smokers were contracted, issues of lung cancers.

There are some groups who are in favour not banning smoking completely, in spite of views discussed above regarding prohibiting smoke completely. Relaxation could be a substantial reason behind the opponent’s viewpoint. It may be defined as for people who smoke, it is best way for them to get relax for their stress. According to the recent statistic in the world has found more than 60% of them who smoked for mitigate their family stress.

The smoking has so many detrimental effects that there is no double it is a curse for the human civilization. It not only harms the person who smokes, rather it causes serious problems to the passive smokers. The health hazards of smoking is limitless and therefore every effort should be taken from an individual to quite it immediately and the authority should impose restrictions of producing, selling and purchasing of cigarettes.

In last, undoubtedly, it is a useless conversation whether smoke should be banned completely or not; however, as far as I am concerned, smoking must be banned completely to make the environment clean for healthy nation.

[Written by – Thilini Shani ]

2 thoughts on “ IELTS Essay – Smoking is injurious to health and therefore should be banned ”

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Essay on “Smoking is Injurious to Health” Complete Essay for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Smoking is Injurious to Health

Cigarette smoking is one of the major killers in the world. The biggest side affect from smoking is cancer. Cancer is a group of many related diseases. All forms of cancer involve out-of-control growth and spread of abnormal cells.

The risk of dying from lung cancer is 22 times higher for males, and 12 times higher for female smokers as oppose to non -smokers. Additionally, smokers are at an increased risk for cancer of the larynx, oral cavity, oesophagus, bladder, kidney and pancreas. Smoking causes a five time increase in the risk of dying from chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and two times increase in deaths from diseases of the heart and coronary arteries. Smoking also increases the risk of stroke by 40-50% in men and 60% in women. Researchers have also proven that mothers who smoke while pregnancy or before they got pregnant usually give birth to babies with birth defects, who are premature or are underweight. This is probably because of a decrease in blood flow to the placenta.

Several studies over the years have suggested and have shown that cigarette smoking increases risk of leukaemia, as it does for other cancer prone areas. They say that risk may increase about 30% in active smokers. Smoking may cause adult leukaemia, especially myelocytic, or non-lymphocytic forms.

There is a boom in the popularity of smoking cigars. The health risks of cigar smoking are, again, ignored in this effort of making cigars look ‘cool’ or better than cigarettes’. But cigar smoking also increases the risk of several cancers, including cancer of the oral cavity (lip, tongue, mouth, throat), oesophagus, larynx, and lung. Cigar smoking may be linked to the cancer of the pancreas as well. Daily cigar smoking, especially for people who inhale, also increases the risk of heart disease and a type of lung disease known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD. Cigar tobacco has a high concentration of nitrogen compounds (nitrates and nitrites). Also, because the cigar paper isn’t as porous as the cigarette paper, the tobacco doesn’t burn as well. The result is a higher concentration of nitrogen oxides, ammonia, carbon monoxide and tar. They are all very harmful to the smoker and to the environment.

Sometimes ex-smokers find that they have insomnia. This is because of the withdrawal from nicotine. After a week or two this should stop. Quitting can be stressful, so try to relieve the extra pressure by doing stress busting breathing exercises such as yoga, and try listening to relaxing music. Once the body is free of nicotine, it absorbs twice as much as caffeine. It is best to avoid increasing coffee, tea and cola intake.

Using tobacco increases a woman’s risk of chronic health problems and premature death. Women who smoke greatly increase their risk of heart attack and stroke. Tobacco use has a very damaging effect on a woman’s entire body, causing pregnancy problems, early menopause and reduced fertility. A major cancer that affects the reproductive health is cervical cancer. Tobacco use during pregnancy often results in severe retardation.

When a cigarette is smoked, about one-half of the smoke generated is side stream smoke that comes from the burning cigarette between puffs. This side stream smoke contains many of the same carcinogenic (cancer-causing) and toxic agents that have been identified in the main smoke inhaled by the smoker. The concentration is much higher in mainstream smoke as oppose to the smoke in side stream smoke. More than 4000 chemical compounds have been identified in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Many of these chemicals are toxic and several are carcinogenic or tumour initiators (substances that can result in changes in normal sells that can lead to cancer) and tumour promoters (substances that can lead to tumour growth once the cell changes begin). Tobacco smoke includes at least 43 different carcinogenic substances. Some of these compounds include: tar, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, phenols, ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, nitrosamine, and nicotine.

The exposure of non-smokers to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is referred to as second-hand smoke. Non-smokers who are exposed to ETS absorb just as much chemicals as mainstream smokers do. They don’t receive them in such high concentrations, but even a little amount is enough to be fatal. ETS causes at least 3000 deaths due to lung cancer in non-smokers. If there are family members in a household and they smoke, it is absorbed in the furniture and the surroundings and is always there so long as the members keep smoking. It is especially harmful for children, and senior citizens or pets, even if the smoking isn’t done near them.

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National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2012.

Cover of Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults

Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General.

1 introduction, summary, and conclusions.

Introduction

Tobacco use is a global epidemic among young people. As with adults, it poses a serious health threat to youth and young adults in the United States and has significant implications for this nation’s public and economic health in the future ( Perry et al. 1994 ; Kessler 1995 ). The impact of cigarette smoking and other tobacco use on chronic disease, which accounts for 75% of American spending on health care ( Anderson 2010 ), is well-documented and undeniable. Although progress has been made since the first Surgeon General’s report on smoking and health in 1964 ( U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare [USDHEW] 1964 ), nearly one in four high school seniors is a current smoker. Most young smokers become adult smokers. One-half of adult smokers die prematurely from tobacco-related diseases ( Fagerström 2002 ; Doll et al. 2004 ). Despite thousands of programs to reduce youth smoking and hundreds of thousands of media stories on the dangers of tobacco use, generation after generation continues to use these deadly products, and family after family continues to suffer the devastating consequences. Yet a robust science base exists on social, biological, and environmental factors that influence young people to use tobacco, the physiology of progression from experimentation to addiction, other health effects of tobacco use, the epidemiology of youth and young adult tobacco use, and evidence-based interventions that have proven effective at reducing both initiation and prevalence of tobacco use among young people. Those are precisely the issues examined in this report, which aims to support the application of this robust science base.

Nearly all tobacco use begins in childhood and adolescence ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS] 1994 ). In all, 88% of adult smokers who smoke daily report that they started smoking by the age of 18 years (see Chapter 3 , “The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use Among Young People in the United States and Worldwide”). This is a time in life of great vulnerability to social influences ( Steinberg 2004 ), such as those offered through the marketing of tobacco products and the modeling of smoking by attractive role models, as in movies ( Dalton et al. 2009 ), which have especially strong effects on the young. This is also a time in life of heightened sensitivity to normative influences: as tobacco use is less tolerated in public areas and there are fewer social or regular users of tobacco, use decreases among youth ( Alesci et al. 2003 ). And so, as we adults quit, we help protect our children.

Cigarettes are the only legal consumer products in the world that cause one-half of their long-term users to die prematurely ( Fagerström 2002 ; Doll et al. 2004 ). As this epidemic continues to take its toll in the United States, it is also increasing in low- and middle-income countries that are least able to afford the resulting health and economic consequences ( Peto and Lopez 2001 ; Reddy et al. 2006 ). It is past time to end this epidemic. To do so, primary prevention is required, for which our focus must be on youth and young adults. As noted in this report, we now have a set of proven tools and policies that can drastically lower youth initiation and use of tobacco products. Fully committing to using these tools and executing these policies consistently and aggressively is the most straight forward and effective to making future generations tobacco-free.

The 1994 Surgeon General’s Report

This Surgeon General’s report on tobacco is the second to focus solely on young people since these reports began in 1964. Its main purpose is to update the science of smoking among youth since the first comprehensive Surgeon General’s report on tobacco use by youth, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People , was published in 1994 ( USDHHS 1994 ). That report concluded that if young people can remain free of tobacco until 18 years of age, most will never start to smoke. The report documented the addiction process for young people and how the symptoms of addiction in youth are similar to those in adults. Tobacco was also presented as a gateway drug among young people, because its use generally precedes and increases the risk of using illicit drugs. Cigarette advertising and promotional activities were seen as a potent way to increase the risk of cigarette smoking among young people, while community-wide efforts were shown to have been successful in reducing tobacco use among youth. All of these conclusions remain important, relevant, and accurate, as documented in the current report, but there has been considerable research since 1994 that greatly expands our knowledge about tobacco use among youth, its prevention, and the dynamics of cessation among young people. Thus, there is a compelling need for the current report.

Tobacco Control Developments

Since 1994, multiple legal and scientific developments have altered the tobacco control environment and thus have affected smoking among youth. The states and the U.S. Department of Justice brought lawsuits against cigarette companies, with the result that many internal documents of the tobacco industry have been made public and have been analyzed and introduced into the science of tobacco control. Also, the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement with the tobacco companies resulted in the elimination of billboard and transit advertising as well as print advertising that directly targeted underage youth and limitations on the use of brand sponsorships ( National Association of Attorneys General [NAAG] 1998 ). This settlement also created the American Legacy Foundation, which implemented a nationwide antismoking campaign targeting youth. In 2009, the U.S. Congress passed a law that gave the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authority to regulate tobacco products in order to promote the public’s health ( Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act 2009 ). Certain tobacco companies are now subject to regulations limiting their ability to market to young people. In addition, they have had to reimburse state governments (through agreements made with some states and the Master Settlement Agreement) for some health care costs. Due in part to these changes, there was a decrease in tobacco use among adults and among youth following the Master Settlement Agreement, which is documented in this current report.

Recent Surgeon General Reports Addressing Youth Issues

Other reports of the Surgeon General since 1994 have also included major conclusions that relate to tobacco use among youth ( Office of the Surgeon General 2010 ). In 1998, the report focused on tobacco use among U.S. racial/ethnic minority groups ( USDHHS 1998 ) and noted that cigarette smoking among Black and Hispanic youth increased in the 1990s following declines among all racial/ethnic groups in the 1980s; this was particularly notable among Black youth, and culturally appropriate interventions were suggested. In 2000, the report focused on reducing tobacco use ( USDHHS 2000b ). A major conclusion of that report was that school-based interventions, when implemented with community- and media-based activities, could reduce or postpone the onset of smoking among adolescents by 20–40%. That report also noted that effective regulation of tobacco advertising and promotional activities directed at young people would very likely reduce the prevalence and onset of smoking. In 2001, the Surgeon General’s report focused on women and smoking ( USDHHS 2001 ). Besides reinforcing much of what was discussed in earlier reports, this report documented that girls were more affected than boys by the desire to smoke for the purpose of weight control. Given the ongoing obesity epidemic ( Bonnie et al. 2007 ), the current report includes a more extensive review of research in this area.

The 2004 Surgeon General’s report on the health consequences of smoking ( USDHHS 2004 ) concluded that there is sufficient evidence to infer that a causal relationship exists between active smoking and (a) impaired lung growth during childhood and adolescence; (b) early onset of decline in lung function during late adolescence and early adulthood; (c) respiratory signs and symptoms in children and adolescents, including coughing, phlegm, wheezing, and dyspnea; and (d) asthma-related symptoms (e.g., wheezing) in childhood and adolescence. The 2004 Surgeon General’s report further provided evidence that cigarette smoking in young people is associated with the development of atherosclerosis.

The 2010 Surgeon General’s report on the biology of tobacco focused on the understanding of biological and behavioral mechanisms that might underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke ( USDHHS 2010 ). Although there are no specific conclusions in that report regarding adolescent addiction, it does describe evidence indicating that adolescents can become dependent at even low levels of consumption. Two studies ( Adriani et al. 2003 ; Schochet et al. 2005 ) referenced in that report suggest that because the adolescent brain is still developing, it may be more susceptible and receptive to nicotine than the adult brain.

Scientific Reviews

Since 1994, several scientific reviews related to one or more aspects of tobacco use among youth have been undertaken that also serve as a foundation for the current report. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) ( Lynch and Bonnie 1994 ) released Growing Up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths, a report that provided policy recommendations based on research to that date. In 1998, IOM provided a white paper, Taking Action to Reduce Tobacco Use, on strategies to reduce the increasing prevalence (at that time) of smoking among young people and adults. More recently, IOM ( Bonnie et al. 2007 ) released a comprehensive report entitled Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation . Although that report covered multiple potential approaches to tobacco control, not just those focused on youth, it characterized the overarching goal of reducing smoking as involving three distinct steps: “reducing the rate of initiation of smoking among youth (IOM [ Lynch and Bonnie] 1994 ), reducing involuntary tobacco smoke exposure ( National Research Council 1986 ), and helping people quit smoking” (p. 3). Thus, reducing onset was seen as one of the primary goals of tobacco control.

As part of USDHHS continuing efforts to assess the health of the nation, prevent disease, and promote health, the department released, in 2000, Healthy People 2010 and, in 2010, Healthy People 2020 ( USDHHS 2000a , 2011 ). Healthy People provides science-based, 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans. For 3 decades, Healthy People has established benchmarks and monitored progress over time in order to encourage collaborations across sectors, guide individuals toward making informed health decisions, and measure the impact of prevention activities. Each iteration of Healthy People serves as the nation’s disease prevention and health promotion roadmap for the decade. Both Healthy People 2010 and Healthy People 2020 highlight “Tobacco Use” as one of the nation’s “Leading Health Indicators,” feature “Tobacco Use” as one of its topic areas, and identify specific measurable tobacco-related objectives and targets for the nation to strive for. Healthy People 2010 and Healthy People 2020 provide tobacco objectives based on the most current science and detailed population-based data to drive action, assess tobacco use among young people, and identify racial and ethnic disparities. Additionally, many of the Healthy People 2010 and 2020 tobacco objectives address reductions of tobacco use among youth and target decreases in tobacco advertising in venues most often influencing young people. A complete list of the healthy people 2020 objectives can be found on their Web site ( USDHHS 2011 ).

In addition, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health has published monographs pertinent to the topic of tobacco use among youth. In 2001, NCI published Monograph 14, Changing Adolescent Smoking Prevalence , which reviewed data on smoking among youth in the 1990s, highlighted important statewide intervention programs, presented data on the influence of marketing by the tobacco industry and the pricing of cigarettes, and examined differences in smoking by racial/ethnic subgroup ( NCI 2001 ). In 2008, NCI published Monograph 19, The Role of the Media in Promoting and Reducing Tobacco Use ( NCI 2008 ). Although young people were not the sole focus of this Monograph, the causal relationship between tobacco advertising and promotion and increased tobacco use, the impact on youth of depictions of smoking in movies, and the success of media campaigns in reducing youth tobacco use were highlighted as major conclusions of the report.

The Community Preventive Services Task Force (2011) provides evidence-based recommendations about community preventive services, programs, and policies on a range of topics including tobacco use prevention and cessation ( Task Force on Community Preventive Services 2001 , 2005 ). Evidence reviews addressing interventions to reduce tobacco use initiation and restricting minors’ access to tobacco products were cited and used to inform the reviews in the current report. The Cochrane Collaboration (2010) has also substantially contributed to the review literature on youth and tobacco use by producing relevant systematic assessments of health-related programs and interventions. Relevant to this Surgeon General’s report are Cochrane reviews on interventions using mass media ( Sowden 1998 ), community interventions to prevent smoking ( Sowden and Stead 2003 ), the effects of advertising and promotional activities on smoking among youth ( Lovato et al. 2003 , 2011 ), preventing tobacco sales to minors ( Stead and Lancaster 2005 ), school-based programs ( Thomas and Perara 2006 ), programs for young people to quit using tobacco ( Grimshaw and Stanton 2006 ), and family programs for preventing smoking by youth ( Thomas et al. 2007 ). These reviews have been cited throughout the current report when appropriate.

In summary, substantial new research has added to our knowledge and understanding of tobacco use and control as it relates to youth since the 1994 Surgeon General’s report, including updates and new data in subsequent Surgeon General’s reports, in IOM reports, in NCI Monographs, and in Cochrane Collaboration reviews, in addition to hundreds of peer-reviewed publications, book chapters, policy reports, and systematic reviews. Although this report is a follow-up to the 1994 report, other important reviews have been undertaken in the past 18 years and have served to fill the gap during an especially active and important time in research on tobacco control among youth.

Focus of the Report

Young People

This report focuses on “young people.” In general, work was reviewed on the health consequences, epidemiology, etiology, reduction, and prevention of tobacco use for those in the young adolescent (11–14 years of age), adolescent (15–17 years of age), and young adult (18–25 years of age) age groups. When possible, an effort was made to be specific about the age group to which a particular analysis, study, or conclusion applies. Because hundreds of articles, books, and reports were reviewed, however, there are, unavoidably, inconsistencies in the terminology used. “Adolescents,” “children,” and “youth” are used mostly interchangeably throughout this report. In general, this group encompasses those 11–17 years of age, although “children” is a more general term that will include those younger than 11 years of age. Generally, those who are 18–25 years old are considered young adults (even though, developmentally, the period between 18–20 years of age is often labeled late adolescence), and those 26 years of age or older are considered adults.

In addition, it is important to note that the report is concerned with active smoking or use of smokeless tobacco on the part of the young person. The report does not consider young people’s exposure to secondhand smoke, also referred to as involuntary or passive smoking, which was discussed in the 2006 report of the Surgeon General ( USDHHS 2006 ). Additionally, the report does not discuss research on children younger than 11 years old; there is very little evidence of tobacco use in the United States by children younger than 11 years of age, and although there may be some predictors of later tobacco use in those younger years, the research on active tobacco use among youth has been focused on those 11 years of age and older.

Tobacco Use

Although cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use in the United States, this report focuses on other forms as well, such as using smokeless tobacco (including chew and snuff) and smoking a product other than a cigarette, such as a pipe, cigar, or bidi (tobacco wrapped in tendu leaves). Because for young people the use of one form of tobacco has been associated with use of other tobacco products, it is particularly important to monitor all forms of tobacco use in this age group. The term “tobacco use” in this report indicates use of any tobacco product. When the word “smoking” is used alone, it refers to cigarette smoking.

Organization of the Report

This chapter begins by providing a short synopsis of other reports that have addressed smoking among youth and, after listing the major conclusions of this report, will end by presenting conclusions specific to each chapter. Chapter 2 of this report (“The Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Young People”) focuses on the diseases caused by early tobacco use, the addiction process, the relation of body weight to smoking, respiratory and pulmonary problems associated with tobacco use, and cardiovascular effects. Chapter 3 (“The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use Among Young People in the United States and Worldwide”) provides recent and long-term cross-sectional and longitudinal data on cigarette smoking, use of smokeless tobacco, and the use of other tobacco products by young people, by racial/ethnic group and gender, primarily in the United States, but including some worldwide data as well. Chapter 4 (“Social, Environmental, Cognitive, and Genetic Influences on the Use of Tobacco Among Youth”) identifies the primary risk factors associated with tobacco use among youth at four levels, including the larger social and physical environments, smaller social groups, cognitive factors, and genetics and neurobiology. Chapter 5 (“The Tobacco Industry’s Influences on the Use of Tobacco Among Youth”) includes data on marketing expenditures for the tobacco industry over time and by category, the effects of cigarette advertising and promotional activities on young people’s smoking, the effects of price and packaging on use, the use of the Internet and movies to market tobacco products, and an evaluation of efforts by the tobacco industry to prevent tobacco use among young people. Chapter 6 (“Efforts to Prevent and Reduce Tobacco Use Among Young People”) provides evidence on the effectiveness of family-based, clinic-based, and school-based programs, mass media campaigns, regulatory and legislative approaches, increased cigarette prices, and community and statewide efforts in the fight against tobacco use among youth. Chapter 7 (“A Vision for Ending the Tobacco Epidemic”) points to next steps in preventing and reducing tobacco use among young people.

Preparation of the Report

This report of the Surgeon General was prepared by the Office on Smoking and Health (OSH), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USDHHS. In 2008, 18 external independent scientists reviewed the 1994 report and suggested areas to be added and updated. These scientists also suggested chapter editors and a senior scientific editor, who were contacted by OSH. Each chapter editor named external scientists who could contribute, and 33 content experts prepared draft sections. The draft sections were consolidated into chapters by the chapter editors and then reviewed by the senior scientific editor, with technical editing performed by CDC. The chapters were sent individually to 34 peer reviewers who are experts in the areas covered and who reviewed the chapters for scientific accuracy and comprehensiveness. The entire manuscript was then sent to more than 25 external senior scientists who reviewed the science of the entire document. After each review cycle, the drafts were revised by the chapter and senior scientific editor on the basis of the experts’ comments. Subsequently, the report was reviewed by various agencies within USDHHS. Publication lags prevent up-to-the-minute inclusion of all recently published articles and data, and so some more recent publications may not be cited in this report.

Evaluation of the Evidence

Since the first Surgeon General’s report in 1964 on smoking and health ( USDHEW 1964 ), major conclusions concerning the conditions and diseases caused by cigarette smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco have been based on explicit criteria for causal inference ( USDHHS 2004 ). Although a number of different criteria have been proposed for causal inference since the 1960s, this report focuses on the five commonly accepted criteria that were used in the original 1964 report and that are discussed in greater detail in the 2004 report on the health consequences of smoking ( USDHHS 2004 ). The five criteria refer to the examination of the association between two variables, such as a risk factor (e.g., smoking) and an outcome (e.g., lung cancer). Causal inference between these variables is based on (1) the consistency of the association across multiple studies; this is the persistent finding of an association in different persons, places, circumstances, and times; (2) the degree of the strength of association, that is, the magnitude and statistical significance of the association in multiple studies; (3) the specificity of the association to clearly demonstrate that tobacco use is robustly associated with the condition, even if tobacco use has multiple effects and multiple causes exist for the condition; (4) the temporal relationship of the association so that tobacco use precedes disease onset; and (5) the coherence of the association, that is, the argument that the association makes scientific sense, given data from other sources and understanding of biological and psychosocial mechanisms ( USDHHS 2004 ). Since the 2004 Surgeon General’s report, The Health Consequences of Smoking , a four-level hierarchy ( Table 1.1 ) has been used to assess the research data on associations discussed in these reports ( USDHHS 2004 ). In general, this assessment was done by the chapter editors and then reviewed as appropriate by peer reviewers, senior scientists, and the scientific editors. For a relationship to be considered sufficient to be characterized as causal, multiple studies over time provided evidence in support of each criteria.

Four-level hierarchy for classifying the strength of causal inferences based on available evidence.

When a causal association is presented in the chapter conclusions in this report, these four levels are used to describe the strength of the evidence of the association, from causal (1) to not causal (4). Within the report, other terms are used to discuss the evidence to date (i.e., mixed, limited, and equivocal evidence), which generally represent an inadequacy of data to inform a conclusion.

However, an assessment of a casual relationship is not utilized in presenting all of the report’s conclusions. The major conclusions are written to be important summary statements that are easily understood by those reading the report. Some conclusions, particularly those found in Chapter 3 (epidemiology), provide observations and data related to tobacco use among young people, and are generally not examinations of causal relationships. For those conclusions that are written using the hierarchy above, a careful and extensive review of the literature has been undertaken for this report, based on the accepted causal criteria ( USDHHS 2004 ). Evidence that was characterized as Level 1 or Level 2 was prioritized for inclusion as chapter conclusions.

In additional to causal inferences, statistical estimation and hypothesis testing of associations are presented. For example, confidence intervals have been added to the tables in the chapter on the epidemiology of youth tobacco use (see Chapter 3 ), and statistical testing has been conducted for that chapter when appropriate. The chapter on efforts to prevent tobacco use discusses the relative improvement in tobacco use rates when implementing one type of program (or policy) versus a control program. Statistical methods, including meta-analytic methods and longitudinal trajectory analyses, are also presented to ensure that the methods of evaluating data are up to date with the current cutting-edge research that has been reviewed. Regardless of the methods used to assess significance, the five causal criteria discussed above were applied in developing the conclusions of each chapter and the report.

Major Conclusions
Cigarette smoking by youth and young adults has immediate adverse health consequences, including addiction, and accelerates the development of chronic diseases across the full life course.
Prevention efforts must focus on both adolescents and young adults because among adults who become daily smokers, nearly all first use of cigarettes occurs by 18 years of age (88%), with 99% of first use by 26 years of age.
Advertising and promotional activities by tobacco companies have been shown to cause the onset and continuation of smoking among adolescents and young adults.
After years of steady progress, declines in the use of tobacco by youth and young adults have slowed for cigarette smoking and stalled for smokeless tobacco use.
Coordinated, multicomponent interventions that combine mass media campaigns, price increases including those that result from tax increases, school-based policies and programs, and statewide or community-wide changes in smoke-free policies and norms are effective in reducing the initiation, prevalence, and intensity of smoking among youth and young adults.
Chapter Conclusions

The following are the conclusions presented in the substantive chapters of this report.

Chapter 2. The Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Young People

The evidence is sufficient to conclude that there is a causal relationship between smoking and addiction to nicotine, beginning in adolescence and young adulthood.
The evidence is suggestive but not sufficient to conclude that smoking contributes to future use of marijuana and other illicit drugs.
The evidence is suggestive but not sufficient to conclude that smoking by adolescents and young adults is not associated with significant weight loss, contrary to young people’s beliefs.
The evidence is sufficient to conclude that there is a causal relationship between active smoking and both reduced lung function and impaired lung growth during childhood and adolescence.
The evidence is sufficient to conclude that there is a causal relationship between active smoking and wheezing severe enough to be diagnosed as asthma in susceptible child and adolescent populations.
The evidence is sufficient to conclude that there is a causal relationship between smoking in adolescence and young adulthood and early abdominal aortic atherosclerosis in young adults.
The evidence is suggestive but not sufficient to conclude that there is a causal relationship between smoking in adolescence and young adulthood and coronary artery atherosclerosis in adulthood.

Chapter 3. The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use Among Young People in the United States and Worldwide

Among adults who become daily smokers, nearly all first use of cigarettes occurs by 18 years of age (88%), with 99% of first use by 26 years of age.
Almost one in four high school seniors is a current (in the past 30 days) cigarette smoker, compared with one in three young adults and one in five adults. About 1 in 10 high school senior males is a current smokeless tobacco user, and about 1 in 5 high school senior males is a current cigar smoker.
Among adolescents and young adults, cigarette smoking declined from the late 1990s, particularly after the Master Settlement Agreement in 1998. This decline has slowed in recent years, however.
Significant disparities in tobacco use remain among young people nationwide. The prevalence of cigarette smoking is highest among American Indians and Alaska Natives, followed by Whites and Hispanics, and then Asians and Blacks. The prevalence of cigarette smoking is also highest among lower socioeconomic status youth.
Use of smokeless tobacco and cigars declined in the late 1990s, but the declines appear to have stalled in the last 5 years. The latest data show the use of smokeless tobacco is increasing among White high school males, and cigar smoking may be increasing among Black high school females.
Concurrent use of multiple tobacco products is prevalent among youth. Among those who use tobacco, nearly one-third of high school females and more than one-half of high school males report using more than one tobacco product in the last 30 days.
Rates of tobacco use remain low among girls relative to boys in many developing countries, however, the gender gap between adolescent females and males is narrow in many countries around the globe.

Chapter 4. Social, Environmental, Cognitive, and Genetic Influences on the Use of Tobacco Among Youth

Given their developmental stage, adolescents and young adults are uniquely susceptible to social and environmental influences to use tobacco.
Socioeconomic factors and educational attainment influence the development of youth smoking behavior. The adolescents most likely to begin to use tobacco and progress to regular use are those who have lower academic achievement.
The evidence is sufficient to conclude that there is a causal relationship between peer group social influences and the initiation and maintenance of smoking behaviors during adolescence.
Affective processes play an important role in youth smoking behavior, with a strong association between youth smoking and negative affect.
The evidence is suggestive that tobacco use is a heritable trait, more so for regular use than for onset. The expression of genetic risk for smoking among young people may be moderated by small-group and larger social-environmental factors.

Chapter 5. The Tobacco Industry’s Influences on the Use of Tobacco Among Youth

In 2008, tobacco companies spent $9.94 billion on the marketing of cigarettes and $547 million on the marketing of smokeless tobacco. Spending on cigarette marketing is 48% higher than in 1998, the year of the Master Settlement Agreement. Expenditures for marketing smokeless tobacco are 277% higher than in 1998.
Tobacco company expenditures have become increasingly concentrated on marketing efforts that reduce the prices of targeted tobacco products. Such expenditures accounted for approximately 84% of cigarette marketing and more than 77% of the marketing of smokeless tobacco products in 2008.
The evidence is sufficient to conclude that there is a causal relationship between advertising and promotional efforts of the tobacco companies and the initiation and progression of tobacco use among young people.
The evidence is suggestive but not sufficient to conclude that tobacco companies have changed the packaging and design of their products in ways that have increased these products’ appeal to adolescents and young adults.
The tobacco companies’ activities and programs for the prevention of youth smoking have not demonstrated an impact on the initiation or prevalence of smoking among young people.
The evidence is sufficient to conclude that there is a causal relationship between depictions of smoking in the movies and the initiation of smoking among young people.

Chapter 6. Efforts to Prevent and Reduce Tobacco Use Among Young People

The evidence is sufficient to conclude that mass media campaigns, comprehensive community programs, and comprehensive statewide tobacco control programs can prevent the initiation of tobacco use and reduce its prevalence among youth.
The evidence is sufficient to conclude that increases in cigarette prices reduce the initiation, prevalence, and intensity of smoking among youth and young adults.
The evidence is sufficient to conclude that school-based programs with evidence of effectiveness, containing specific components, can produce at least short-term effects and reduce the prevalence of tobacco use among school-aged youth.
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Cite this Page National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2012. 1, Introduction, Summary, and Conclusions.
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500 Words Essay on Smoking is bad for health

Essay on smoking is bad for health.

One of the most common problems that is killing people all over the world today is smoking.

This horrible habit cause stress, personal problems and lung problems to many people all over the world.

Some people start it as an exhibition while some people use it to enjoy it.

One smoker can cause another person to smoke, which can lead to addiction. When a person smokes or smokes, he hurts not only himself but also others around him.

Smoking causes many terrible diseases to the human body. Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer and heart disease.

Studies have shown that the habit of smoking can shorten a person’s life by about 10 years and this bad habit causes thousands of cigarettes to be smoked every year.

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Task 2 IELTS Sample Essay: Smoking

by faysal ahmad (dhaka bangladesh)

which makes para lashed our body smoke infornt of their family member

smoking is a dangerous bad habit.it contains nicotine.it causes different diseases and damages our brain and lungs.

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Persuasive Essay Guide

Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Persuasive Essay About Smoking - Making a Powerful Argument with Examples

What You Need To Know About Persuasive Essay

A persuasive essay is a type of writing that aims to convince its readers to take a certain stance or action. It often uses logical arguments and evidence to back up its argument in order to persuade readers.

It also utilizes rhetorical techniques such as ethos, pathos, and logos to make the argument more convincing. In other words, persuasive essays use facts and evidence as well as emotion to make their points.

A persuasive essay about smoking would use these techniques to convince its readers about any point about smoking. Check out an example below:

Simple persuasive essay about smoking

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Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the world. It leads to adverse health effects, including lung cancer, heart disease, and damage to the respiratory tract. However, the number of people who smoke cigarettes has been on the rise globally.

A lot has been written on topics related to the effects of smoking. Reading essays about it can help you get an idea of what makes a good persuasive essay.

Here are some sample persuasive essays about smoking that you can use as inspiration for your own writing:

Persuasive speech on smoking outline

Persuasive essay about smoking should be banned

Persuasive essay about smoking pdf

Persuasive essay about smoking cannot relieve stress

Persuasive essay about smoking in public places

Speech about smoking is dangerous

Persuasive Essay About Smoking Introduction

Persuasive Essay About Stop Smoking

Short Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Stop Smoking Persuasive Speech

Check out some more persuasive essay examples on various other topics.

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that uses facts and logical arguments to back up a point. It is similar to a persuasive essay but differs in that it utilizes more evidence than emotion.

If you’re looking to write an argumentative essay about smoking, here are some examples to get you started on the arguments of why you should not smoke.

Argumentative essay about smoking pdf

Argumentative essay about smoking in public places

Argumentative essay about smoking introduction

Check out the video below to find useful arguments against smoking:

Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

You have read some examples of persuasive and argumentative essays about smoking. Now here are some tips that will help you craft a powerful essay on this topic.

Choose a Specific Angle

Select a particular perspective on the issue that you can use to form your argument. When talking about smoking, you can focus on any aspect such as the health risks, economic costs, or environmental impact.

Think about how you want to approach the topic. For instance, you could write about why smoking should be banned.

Check out the list of persuasive essay topics to help you while you are thinking of an angle to choose!

Research the Facts

Before writing your essay, make sure to research the facts about smoking. This will give you reliable information to use in your arguments and evidence for why people should avoid smoking.

You can find and use credible data and information from reputable sources such as government websites, health organizations, and scientific studies.

For instance, you should gather facts about health issues and negative effects of tobacco if arguing against smoking. Moreover, you should use and cite sources carefully.

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Make an Outline

The next step is to create an outline for your essay. This will help you organize your thoughts and make sure that all the points in your essay flow together logically.

Your outline should include the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. This will help ensure that your essay has a clear structure and argument.

Use Persuasive Language

When writing your essay, make sure to use persuasive language such as “it is necessary” or “people must be aware”. This will help you convey your message more effectively and emphasize the importance of your point.

Also, don’t forget to use rhetorical devices such as ethos, pathos, and logos to make your arguments more convincing. That is, you should incorporate emotion, personal experience, and logic into your arguments.

Introduce Opposing Arguments

Another important tip when writing a persuasive essay on smoking is to introduce opposing arguments. It will show that you are aware of the counterarguments and can provide evidence to refute them. This will help you strengthen your argument.

By doing this, your essay will come off as more balanced and objective, making it more convincing.

Finish Strong

Finally, make sure to finish your essay with a powerful conclusion. This will help you leave a lasting impression on your readers and reinforce the main points of your argument. You can end by summarizing the key points or giving some advice to the reader.

A powerful conclusion could either include food for thought or a call to action. So be sure to use persuasive language and make your conclusion strong.

To conclude,

By following these tips, you can write an effective and persuasive essay on smoking. Remember to research the facts, make an outline, and use persuasive language.

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Keep reading

Paragraph, Essay and Speech on Smoking is injurious to health” Paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class Exams.

Smoking is injurious to health

Smoking cigarettes is a bad habit. Smoking leads to many deadly diseases. People begin to smoke for the fun of it. They think that it’s easy to stop all of a sudden. The truth is that it is very difficult to quit smoking. My uncle began smoking one cigarette a day. He now smokes more than thirty cigarettes a day. Some people get addicted to smoking and needs to smoke cigarettes continuously. It is called chain smoking. When we sit besides a smoker, we unknowingly breathe in smoke. This is called passive smoking which is equally bad for our health. If a pregnant woman smokes it is harmful for her child. Smoking is bad for our skin and cause cancer. Smokers have dark lips and bad breath. Constant smoking destroys our lungs. It causes mouth and lung cancer and slowly leads to loss of appetite. When we smoke the tobacco in the cigarette burns and we inhale the smoke. Smoking gradually destroys our body part and so it is a silent killer.

English Essay, Paragraph, Speech on “Dangers of Smoking” for School, college Students, Long and Short Essay, for Class 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 Examination.
Paragraph, Essay and Speech on “Dangers of smoking” Paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduate Exams.
Paragraph, Essay and Speech on “Harmful Effects of Smoking” Paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduate Exams.
Paragraph, Essay and Speech on “Why Cigarette Smoking is Injurious to Health?” Paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduate Exams.
Paragraph, Essay and Speech on “Effects of Smoking” Paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduate Exams.
Essay, Paragraph, Speech on “Is it right to ban smoking” Essay for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduation Exams.
Essay, Paragraph, Speech on “Is it right to ban smoking” Essay 2 for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduation Exams.
“How is cigarette smoking injurious to health?” Important Questions and Answers for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

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Paragraph on Smoking Is Injurious To Health

Students are often asked to write a paragraph on Smoking Is Injurious To Health in their schools. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 200-word, and 250-word paragraphs on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

Paragraph on Smoking Is Injurious To Health in 100 Words

Smoking is very bad for our health. It can make our bodies sick. When people smoke, they breathe in something called smoke, which has tiny bad things that can hurt our lungs. Our lungs help us breathe, so it’s important to keep them healthy. Smoking can also make our teeth yellow and our breath smell bad. It is not good for the heart, which pumps blood to keep us alive. We should stay away from smoking to grow up strong and healthy. It is always best to play in fresh air and keep our bodies safe from the smoke of cigarettes.

Paragraph on Smoking Is Injurious To Health in 200 Words

Smoking is very bad for our health. When people smoke, they breathe in smoke that has a lot of harmful things that can make them sick. These bad things in the smoke can hurt our lungs, which are the parts of our body that help us breathe. If our lungs get hurt, it’s hard for us to breathe and run around. Also, smoking can make our hearts sick. Our heart is like a pump that sends blood all around our body. If it doesn’t work well, we can feel very tired and unwell. People who smoke can also get bad breath, yellow teeth, and their clothes and hair can smell bad. It’s important to stay away from smoking and also ask the people we care about, like family and friends, not to smoke. This is because the smoke can hurt us too, even if we are not the ones smoking. It’s called second-hand smoke, and it’s also not good for us. To stay healthy and strong, it’s best to breathe clean air, play outside, eat good food, and drink lots of water. Remember, saying no to smoking is a great way to take care of our health.

Also check:

Essay on Smoking Is Injurious To Health

Paragraph on Smoking Is Injurious To Health in 250 Words

Smoking is harmful to health because it affects the body in many bad ways. When someone smokes, they breathe in smoke that has a lot of chemicals that can make them sick. Some of these chemicals can cause cancer, which is a very serious disease where cells in the body grow in a way they’re not supposed to. Not only does smoking increase the chance of getting lung cancer, but it can also lead to other problems like heart disease. The heart is like a pump that sends blood around your body, and smoking can damage this pump, making it work poorly. Also, smoking can hurt your breathing. Your lungs are like balloons that fill up with air when you breathe in, but when you smoke, it’s like putting tiny holes in these balloons, making it hard for them to work right. People who smoke can also have bad breath, yellow teeth, and a higher risk of getting colds and coughs. It’s not just the person who smokes that can get sick, but also the people around them. This is called secondhand smoke, and it can be just as dangerous. This is why many places like schools, hospitals, and restaurants say no to smoking to keep everyone safe. If you don’t smoke, it’s best to stay away from it and if you do smoke, it’s a good idea to try to stop. Your body will thank you for it, and you’ll be healthier and able to enjoy life more.

That’s it! I hope the paragraphs have helped you.

Explore other popular paragraph topics:

Paragraph on Smoking Is A Bad Habit
Paragraph on Smoking Cause And Effect
Paragraph on Singapore

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

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cover letter for job application south africa

Cover letter examples.

500+ cover letter examples: your key to african job market success.

Unlock the door to career success in Africa with our exclusive collection of 500+ Cover Letter Examples. Each one is HR-approved and ATS-friendly, designed to elevate your job-seeking game on the continent. Whether you're a seasoned pro or just starting your journey, harness the power of compelling Cover Letters to open doors to your dream career. Your pathway to success starts right here!"

Accounting resume examples

An accountant’s primary duties include analyzing financial data and budget forecasts, creating balance sheets, profit and loss and taxation reports, and assisting organizations in finance management, tax strategies and effective use of resources. Accountants also work in specialized areas such as tax, cost, investment or management accounting.

Cost Accountant
Accounting Assistant
Internal Auditor
Accounting Administrator
Accounting Manager
Assistant Corporate Controller
Project Accountant
Staff Accountant
Staff Auditor
Accounting Clerk

Administrative resume samples

Review some of these samples of a resume for administrative work for resume ideas to feature your organizational and collaboration skills.

Administrative Assistant
Office Assistant
Assistant Front Office Manager
Office Manager
Administrative Assistant Manager
Administrative Officer
Administrative Coordinator
Procurement Analyst
Executive Assistant
Procurement Specialist
Facilities Manager
Receptionist
Administrative Front Desk Clerk
Front Office Assistant

Billing and collections resume examples

In addition to our featured example resume for billings and collections, we offer more examples of a resume for a job to help you shine in this industry. .

Accounts Payable Clerk
Debt Collection Manager
Accounts Payable Manager
Night Auditor
Accounts Receivable Clerk
Payroll Analyst
Accounts Payable Receivable Manager
Payroll Manager
Accounts Payable Specialist
Collections Representative
Collections Team Lead
Accounts Payable Supervisor
Billing Specialist

Business operations resume samples

Examples of resumes for jobs in your field can help you write a great resume. These professional resume examples for leadership jobs show how to display your interpersonal skills.

Business Development Associate
Business Management
Enterprise Management Trainee
General Manager
Iso Management Representative
Liaison Officer
Operations Manager
Pmo Analyst
Risk Analyst
Salon Manager

Child care resume examples

Use these samples of resumes as guides for displaying your ability to keep the household organized and your interpersonal skills.

After School Teacher
Daycare Teacher Assistant
After School Program Director
Daycare Worker
Playground Supervisor
Child Care Center Administrator
Day Care Center Administrator

Computer software resume samples

As detailed in the examples of good resumes for computer software jobs below, list programs required for the position and any additional certifications or training you have in software.

Cloud Computing Engineer
Java Developer
Software Engineering Manager
Ecommerce Qa Tester
Sql Developer
Remote Software Engineer

Construction resume examples

Let our construction work resume examples help you stress special skills like specialties, such as plumbing or electrical systems.

Flooring Installer
Certified Crane Operator
General Laborer
Chief Estimator
Construction Manager
Construction Chief Executive Officer
Project Manager
Construction Laborer
Construction Safety Officer
Construction Worker
Construction Site Supervisor

Culinary resume samples

Find a resume example for a job in the culinary field from these sample resumes and grab some ideas on showing your expertise with specific cuisines and ability to collaborate with others.

Bakery Assistant
Food Service Specialist
Personal Chef
Restaurant Assistant Manager
Restaurant Chain Manager
Restaurant General Manager
Restaurant Manager
Restaurant Shift Leader
Restaurant Shift Manager
Restaurant Shift Supervisor
Junior Sous Chef

Customer service resume examples

Use an example of a resume to apply to a job in customer service, emphasizing intangible qualities such as communication, teamwork and flexibility.

Customer Service Advisor
Banking Representative
Call Center Manager
Call Center Representative
Call Center Team Leader
Camp Counselor
Client Service Specialist
Customer Experience Manager
Customer Relationship Officer
Customer Service Assistant Manager
Customer Service Representative
Customer Success Manager
Customer Service Supervisor
Director Of Member Services

Data & systems administration resume samples

Use these great resume examples for guidance on how to feature your key soft skills such as collaboration and problem-solving.

Backup Administrator
Control Systems Engineer
Cyber Security Specialist
Data Analytics Manager
Network Admin
Entry Level Network Engineer
Salesforce Administrator
Salesforce Developer
Solutions Architect
Telecommunication Project Manager

Fitness and nutrition resume examples

Follow our resume samples to see how to best display your fitness training experience and any knowledge or training you’ve had in diet and nutrition programs.

Dietary Aide
Exercise Physiologist
Fitness And Personal Trainer
Gym Assistant
Nutritionist
Personal Trainer
Yoga Instructor

Food service resume samples

Note how these professional resume examples feature skills such as a strong work ethic, the ability to work well with others, multitasking and flexibility.

Bar Supervisor
Cafeteria Worker
Catering Server
Cocktail Server
Crew Member
Fast Food Server
Food And Beverage Manager
Food And Beverage Server
Restaurant Server

Healthcare Support Resume Examples

These professional healthcare support examples for a resume cover major health support fields. Use one of these sample resumes as a guide to writing a great resume.

Assisted Living Coordinator
Assisted Living Executive Director
Companion Caregiver
Direct Support Professional
Healthcare System Administrator
Healthcare Operations Manager
Healthcare Program Manager
Home Health Aide
Intensive Care Nurse
Medical Assistant
Occupational Therapist
Patient Coordinator
Personal Care Assistant
Personal Support Worker
Phlebotomist

Information technology resume samples

Take a cue from some of the best resume examples from My Perfect Resume and show off your problem-solving abilities. Let these examples of a good resume be your guide.

Agile Project Manager
Assistant Project Manager
Contracts Manager
Devops Engineer
Global Project Manager
Help Desk Support
Project Management Director
Technical Project Manager
Technical Support Engineer

Medical resume examples

Highlight specialized medical training and certifications using these medical job resume examples as a guide. Include experience in hospitals and private practice.

Anesthesia Technician
Clinical Director
Dialysis Technician
Ekg Technician
Hospital Volunteer
Intensive Care Physician
Medical Coding Specialist
Medical Records Specialist
Certified Lactation Consultant
Nuclear Medicine Technologist
Optometrist
Pediatrician
Physician Assistant
Registered Mri Technologist
Speech Language Pathologist
Ultrasound Technician

Nursing resume samples

We have the perfect resume examples to help you display your interpersonal and communication skills, time management, attention to detail and empathy. Choose a nursing job resume example below to get started!

Acute Care Nurse
Advanced Practice Rn
Chief Nursing Officer
Geriatric Nurse Practitioner
Labor And Delivery Nurse
Nurse Practitioner
Nursing Assistant
Oncology Nurse
Pediatric Nurse
Registered Nurse
Public School Nurse
Trauma Nurse

Production resume examples

A professional experience resume example from the following list of resume examples for jobs in production can show how to display licenses for operating specialized equipment.

Apparel Production Manager
Assembly Line Operator
Chemical Plant Operator
Forklift Operator
Machine Operator
Picker And Packer
Pipeline Inspector
Pipeline Welder
Plant Manager
Production Manager
Supply Chain Manager
Telecommunications Technician
Logistics Assistant Manager

Retail resume samples

Use the example resumes below as guides to showcase your customer service skills and experience managing products and services on your retail employee resume.

Retail Assistant Manager
Sales Associate
Bookstore Clerk
Clothing Sales Associate
Convenience Store Clerk
District Manager
Fine Watches Sales Specialist
Retail Management Professional
Retail Manager
Retail Parts Pro
Store Manager
Walgreens Service Clerk

Sales Resume Examples

Like the resume samples below, it’s important to provide details on experiences where you’ve hit sales targets. You’re sure to find a good resume sample among the professional experience resume examples below to help you do so.

Sales Assistant Manager
Channel Sales Manager
Direct Sales Representative
Franchise Owner
Independent Sales Representative
Inside Sales Representative
Sales Account Executive
Outside Sales Representative
Sales Representative
Experienced Telemarketer

Social Services resume samples

Show you can relate well with others and have a strong problem-solving approach,like the professionals in the social services job resume examples below.

Case Manager
Case Worker
Child Protection Social Worker
Community Outreach Specialist
Community Service Coordinator
Domestic Violence Counselor
Human Service Worker
Humanitarian Aid Worker
Juvenile Probation Officer
Social Worker
Drug And Alcohol Counselor
Medical Social Worker

Teaching resume examples

The following professional resume examples for teaching job resumes focus on important intangible skills such as communication, enthusiasm and patience.

Preschool Teacher
Adjunct Professor
Assistant Teacher
Early Childhood Teacher
Elementary Teacher
Esl Teacher
High School Teacher
Homeschool Teacher
Language Professor
Middle School Teacher
Nurse Educator
Piano Teacher
Summer Teacher
Administrative
Billing and collections
Business operations
Computers software
Construction
Customer service
Data & systems administration
Fitness & nutrition
Food service
Healthcare and support
Information technology
Social services

500+ Cover Letter Samples for African Job Seekers

Explore our collection of 500+ Cover Letter samples designed to boost your job search in Africa. Find the perfect words to make your application stand out and land your dream job today!

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How to write the best cover letter for CV South Africa: guide, sample, format

If you are hunting for a job, please polish your skills for drafting a cover letter for CV South Africa. This is the first step of impressing the employer so that you are given a chance for an interview. Did you know that managers are trained to examine the character of the job applicant through the cover letter? Job vacancies are available, but how will you get one if the presentation of your application document speaks lowly of you? Your CV letter should enable you to stand out.

You need to go through a cover letter for CV example. It is a simple guideline for writing application letters for jobs. However, do not rely on all the online samples because some of them do not use the South African writing structure. The formats for drafting a job application letter vary slightly per country because of the different education systems. For you to get the attention of the employer in South Africa, please stick to the South African format.

Free company profile template: What you need to know

What is a cover letter for CV?

It is a one-page document that you MUST send with a resume to employers when looking for a job. In the document, you should provide the employer with details about the unique skills and experience that you possess, which are in line with what the job needs.

Cover letter format

Recruitment policies within organizations slightly differ from one organization to another. Some companies may need the job application letter while others may not because they may assume that the resume has all the required information they need to know about you.

Today, the majority of organizations insist that applicants should apply for jobs online. However, there are companies that still accept the traditional handwritten cover letters. Here is a detailed discussion about the appropriate format for penning a letter of employment in South Africa.

Date and contacts

In a hard copy, write the date of application, your address, and lastly, the company's address. Do not change the order of these items and arrange them vertically while leaving a space after each one of them.

What to include in a sworn affidavit template

In a digital copy for an online application, there is no need to write the company's address and your address. The essential information that the employer should know is your city, country, cellphone contacts, and email.

Use the name of the contracting manager to address him or her. This shows that you know who you are writing to because you have done research about the company. The titles Mr., Mrs., and Miss. in a CV cover letter can offend the manager because you may be wrong about the marital status of the person. The world has moved away from the traditional "Dear Sir/Madam" greetings to "Dear Hiring Manager" because the latter is more appealing than the former. The "Dear Hiring Manager" salutation is also a clever cover-up for not knowing the names of the managers.

First paragraph

Here is the part where you show the enthusiastic side of you. State the job title that you are applying for and how you learned about the vacancy. State the most recent and major scholarly qualifications that you have that match the job requirements. It can be a bachelor's degree, masters' degree, certificate, diploma, etc.

What you should know on how to become a firefighter in South Africa

Paragraphs at the center

In this section, you will write in detail the qualifications that you have, starting with the educational qualification that you mentioned in the opening paragraph. Write about your work experience and the skills that you got from those jobs. Persuade the manager to hire you by letting him or her know the achievements you made in those jobs and your values.

Ending paragraph

The manager needs some acknowledge from you. Request for an interview courteously and provide him or her with your email and cellphone number in this part.

Closing complements and signature

Seeking for a job can make anyone emotional. Do you know that you sound affectionate when you write words like cheers, yours truly, and warm regards? "Yours sincerely" or "Regards" with your name at the bottom is the most appropriate way to go about it. If you are using your handwriting, do not forget your signature.

The best free offer to purchase template

READ ALSO: How to apply for parliament vacancies

Job application letter sample

Here is a sample for an online job application:

(Applicant's name)

(Applicant's phone number)

(Applicant's email address)

(Date of application)

Dear Hiring Manager (or Name),

REF: APPLICATION FOR A (JOB TITTLE) VACANCY

Regarding the advertised (job title) that I learned about from (where or how), I seek to work for your esteemed organization. I am an (undergraduate/diploma graduate/masters graduate, etc.) from the (school) with a (credits).

My scholarly background, leadership experience at (organization), and working for (company) have empowered me with in-depth knowledge and proficient skills as a (job title). I am confident that my (state your skills) will enable me to bring impressive contributions to your company.

I am interested in working for (company) because it offers (services the company offers its customers) that have critically brought a positive change in society. I also believe that (company) will enable me to gain more skills and experience to build my career and make an impact on society.

Free South African CV templates and tips on how to write them

Here are my attached resume and qualifications documents that will give you more information about me. Thank you for going through my resume. I will appreciate it if we can meet for an interview. You can contact me through (phone number and email).

(Your name)

READ ALSO: 30 common interview questions and answers

Please click here for more cover letter examples South Africa. Did you know that a cover letter template makes it easier to write this document? A template is a simple cover letter sample for job application in word format that you can edit on your computer after downloading it. Some are for sale but at an affordable rate.

What are the precautions for writing a CV cover letter?

Send the document as a PDF or .doc because, unlike the word document, the orderliness in the PDF or .doc cannot be altered by the system of the organization.
Make it readable by using Arial, Calibri, and Verdana fonts of size ten to twelve. Add spaces between the sections and use single-spacing to make the document look neat.
Use 250-350 words for the entire document but fix in it all the vital information.

Guidelines on how to write a CV in South Africa

Have confidence when writing your cover letter for CV South Africa. Check the grammar and punctuation mistakes by proofreading it using Grammarly or any other app that you know. Best of luck!

READ ALSO: Step-by-step guide on how to write a CV in South Africa

Source: Briefly News

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How to Write a Cover Letter for Your CV 2023

You've literally found the job of your dreams and from the requirements, you're so qualified for the job role. You are certain that once you're interviewed, the recruiter will not take a second guess at whether to hire you or not. However, the call for applications states clearly that you're to send a cover letter for your CV. Now you're stuck wondering what a cover letter could be.

Well, if you're anyway in this shoe, we want you to know that we've got you. You're at the right place, and at the right time. In the next 5-10 minutes, you're going to understand exactly what a cover letter is, its purpose, and how you can come up with a badass cover letter on your own. Stick around and let's begin!

What is a Cover Letter?

A cover letter is a document added to a job application that gives the recruiter concise information about who you are, what you do, how good you are at it and your motivation for wanting to join the organization. It is simply a summary of your CV but with a bit of personal marketing. Check out this article to know the difference between a cover letter and a resume .

What is the purpose of a Cover Letter?

You’ve probably asked yourself at some point, “If I’m going to send my CV for a job opening, why do I need a Cover Letter anyway?” Well, here are a few reasons the recruiter still asks for a Cover Letter alongside your CV while submitting an application.

It gives an interviewer more personal information about you. It also helps the interviewer connect with you on a personal basis.

It makes you stand out from other applicants.

It gives you room to share your knowledge about the company and what value you can bring on board which is unique to the company.

It helps you compel the recruiter to go through your CV and also invite you for an interview.

It serves as a supplement to your CV, giving creative information about you to the recruiter.

How to Write a Cover Letter

Now that you know how important a Cover Letter is, let’s get to it. Below are simple but necessary steps to get the best Cover Letter there is.

Start with your contact details as a header

Just like your CV, your Cover Letter should begin with your contact details and information about you. Your name, contact address and numbers, email address and also your job title should all be included in your header.

Address the recruiter

The next thing you would want to do while getting your Cover Letter ready is to address the reader who will most likely be the recruiter. Keep in mind that it is totally okay to try and get the name of the hiring manager for the firm and address the letter directly to him/her. LinkedIn is one good way to find out the name of the hiring manager, or you can look at the opening to know if the hiring manager attached his/her name to it. Once you get the name, your address will look like this.

Dear Mr Kungawo,

XYZ Services,

Pretoria, South Africa.

However, if you are not able to get the name of the Hiring Manager, you can have an address that says:

To the Hiring Manager,

XYZ Services,

Pretoria, South Africa.

Never make the mistake of having “To whom it may concern” on your cover letter. It isn’t a professional thing to do.

In addition, some cover letters are written as the body of the mail when submitting an application. In such a situation, it may not be suitable to use a formal letter addressing. A formal letter approach is most suitable when the cover letter is being submitted as a document.

Introduce yourself properly

When you’re done with the address, you then introduce yourself properly. Just this introduction will determine if the hiring manager will invite you for an interview or not, so it must be engaging. This is where you talk about why you are a good fit for the company. For example:

“As a Project Manager with over 5 years of experience, I was excited to see your opening for the role of a Project Manager. I have worked on and managed several projects ranging from campaigns to launch projects with strict budgets. I am positive that with my skills I can help XYZ services manage and execute projects seamlessly.”

Explain why you are a good fit

The next thing you should do would be to let the recruiter know why you are a good fit for the company. What are the transferable skills that you have? What have you been able to accomplish in the past? What ideas do you have that you can implement in the new role? These are the things the recruiter will be looking for in your cover letter. Here’s an example:

“In my current position, I have been directly involved with the digital marketing strategies of the brand. I have created campaigns and launched projects which have helped sell the brand product to clients. Currently, through the marketing campaigns I spearheaded, we have converted 35% of our audience to customers in the past 3 months. We have also had an increased lead generation by 50% in the past 4 months across all marketing platforms.”

Share why you are motivated or enthusiastic about the role

At this point, you will have to let the hiring manager know you want this job, and just any job. This part of your cover letter will dwell on the experience you believe you will have while working with them. After all, every employer wants you to enjoy working with them, because that way, you’ll stay longer. Here’s a motivation that works:

“Having studied the ABC company and having a clear understanding of the organizational goals, visions and culture, I am certain that I would truly enjoy my stay as a part of the organization. I am also certain that the work environment will enable me to give my very best to the company as we achieve our corporate goals.”

Make a promise and keep your closing salutation formal

End the letter with a promise of sharing your ideas and thoughts to meet the company’s needs once you are invited for an interview. This way, the hiring manager begins to look forward to a productive conversation with you during an interview. Also, keep your closing salutation formal at the end of the letter. The following words can suffice;

“Sincerely,”

“Best Regards,”

“Respectfully Yours,”

Sample of a Well-Written Cover Letter

What not to do with your Cover Letter

While you’re working on having the best cover letter to send in alongside your application, there are some things you should keep in mind.

Don’t use the same cover letter for multiple job openings. It’s always better to tailor your cover letter to the applications as they come.

Don’t make your cover letter too long. Let your CV be more elaborate, but a good cover letter is short.

Avoid typos and errors in your cover letter. Too many errors communicate that you struggle with written communication and that may not sit well with the hiring manager.

Don’t just repeat everything on your CV in the cover letter. Be creative about it. Your cover letter is only a supplement to your CV, not a replacement.

Staff Writer

How to write a Cover Letter for Job Applications

When you submit your CV for a job , your cover letter will be the first thing that the recruiter sees. As such, it is vital that you write a unique cover letter for each job that you apply to.

Whilst a CV is a tool used to showcase your skills, a cover letter showcases who you are as a person and how you will meet the company’s requirements.

It is important to always read the job advertisement for the position you are applying for and ensure that your cover letter matches the requirements of said advertisement.

A cover letter is a unique way for you to introduce yourself to your potential employer and leave them with something to think about after reading your application. It’s important to note that a cover letter is brief (about three to five paragraphs in length) and can be printed along with your CV application, or used as the body of an email for online job applications.

Read the rest of our Career Guidance Articles and Tips here

How to write a cover letter.

1. Do ample research: In your cover letter, elaborate to your potential employer about the steps you have taken to learn more about the company and the position. This will show your eagerness and willingness to go the extra mile.

2. Ensure that your cover letter is sent to the right person: Always try to address your cover letter with someone’s name. To do this, ensure that you have the correct details of the person that you need to send it to. If you are unsure of their name, you can simply address them with ‘Dr’, ‘Mr’, ‘Mrs’, ‘Ms’, and their job title, or ‘Dear Sir/Madam’. Also ensure that you have the company’s correct name, address, and postal code.

3. Have a solid introduction: The introduction of your cover letter is a chance to introduce yourself and explain how you found the job. In your introduction, be sure to also include the job title or reference number (if applicable.) Should you be writing a cover letter to ask if there are any job vacancies, then be sure to explain what type of job you are looking for. (This is a great way to show the employer how keen you are to work for them).

4. Be sure to elaborate on why you would be the correct choice for the job: Highlight any relevant skills and experience that you have that could match the qualities the employer is seeking. Be sure to convince them that you are enthusiastic about the job and that you share the same values, style and culture of the company.

5. Explain to the recruiter why they should hire you: Once you have listed the reasons why you would be the ideal pick for the job, support it by listing relevant experience. Should you want this part of your cover letter to look neater and more professional, try listing them with bullet points.

6. Concluding your cover letter: Once you have finished all the previous steps, be sure to thank the employer for taking the time to read your application and considering you. Let them know that they can find more details in your CV and that you look forward to hearing their response. Let them know how they can best contact you and ensure that your contact details on both your cover letter and CV are correct and current.

7. Signing off the letter: A great way to close your cover letter is to write ‘Yours Sincerely’ followed by your name. If you addressed the letter to ‘Dear Sir or Madam’, be sure to end the letter with ‘Yours Faithfully’ and your name.

Tips for writing a cover letter

Write a new cover letter for each job that you apply to and ensure that the letter is tailored specifically to the company and role.
Maintain consistency by using the same font and size as that in your CV.
Ensure that the company’s name and recruitment details are accurate.
Use the correct language and tone, ensuring that it remains professional and matches keywords used by the employer in the advertisement.
Show the research that you have done on the company and the job.
Elaborate on your most relevant skills and experience, and how that stands out from your competitors.
Proof-read your grammar and wiring before you submit it.
Keep a copy of your cover letter for yourself, as they may ask about it in the interview.

Cover letter templates

To make it easier for you to draft your cover letter, here are some FREE templates you may use:

Free cover letter templates on Canva
Free cover letter templates on MyPerfectCV
Free cover letter templates on zety

Career Advice

How to write a winning cover letter for your CV in South Africa 2024

Young businessman working with digital tablet computer ,hands close up

In today’s competitive job market, a well-crafted cover letter can make all the difference between landing an interview or being overlooked. As job seekers strive to stand out among a sea of applicants, mastering the art of writing an effective cover letter becomes crucial. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the essential steps and strategies for crafting compelling cover letters that capture the attention of employers and increase your chances of securing your dream job.

Understanding the Importance of Cover Letters

Before diving into the intricacies of crafting a standout cover letter, it’s essential to understand why cover letters matter. While CVs provide a snapshot of your professional experience and qualifications, cover letters offer a unique opportunity to showcase your personality, communication skills, and suitability for the role. A well-written cover letter not only introduces you to potential employers but also highlights your enthusiasm and alignment with the company’s values and objectives.

Research: The Foundation of a Successful Cover Letter

Thorough Company Research: Begin by conducting in-depth research on the company you’re applying to. Explore their website, read recent news articles, and familiarize yourself with their mission, values, and culture. This knowledge will allow you to tailor your cover letter to align with the company’s goals and demonstrate your genuine interest in joining their team.
Understanding the Job Requirements: Carefully review the job description and identify the key skills, qualifications, and attributes the employer is seeking. Use this information to customize your cover letter and highlight how your experiences and strengths make you an ideal candidate for the position.

Crafting a Compelling Cover Letter: Essential Components

Crafting a compelling cover letter requires careful attention to detail and strategic communication. To ensure your cover letter effectively captures the attention of employers and showcases your suitability for the role, it should include the following essential components:

Introduction: Begin your cover letter with a strong and engaging opening that immediately grabs the employer’s attention. Mention the specific job title you are applying for and briefly introduce yourself. Express your enthusiasm for the opportunity and explain why you are interested in joining the company.
Showcasing Your Qualifications: The body of your cover letter should focus on highlighting your relevant skills, experiences, and achievements. Use specific examples to demonstrate how your past accomplishments align with the job requirements and contribute to the company’s success. Avoid simply restating information from your resume; instead, provide additional context or insights that showcase your fit for the role.
Personalization: Whenever possible, address your cover letter to a specific individual rather than using generic salutations such as “To Whom It May Concern.” Personalizing your communication shows initiative and demonstrates that you have taken the time to research the company and identify the appropriate contact person.
Demonstrating Cultural Fit: In addition to showcasing your qualifications, emphasize your alignment with the company’s culture and values. Discuss how your personal values and work ethic align with those of the organization and how you can contribute to fostering a positive and productive work environment.
Closing Statement: Conclude your cover letter with a strong closing statement that reiterates your interest in the position and expresses your readiness to further discuss your qualifications in an interview. Thank the employer for considering your application and provide your contact information for follow-up.

Utilizing Keywords and Formatting Techniques

Incorporating relevant keywords from the job description into your cover letter can help your application stand out to applicant tracking systems (ATS) used by many employers to screen candidates. Additionally, pay attention to formatting and presentation, ensuring that your cover letter is well-organized, professional, and easy to read. Use clear and concise language, and avoid dense paragraphs or excessive jargon.

Cover Letter Example:

20 March 2024

Mr. John Smith Human Resources Manager XYZ Corporation 123 Main Street Johannesburg, South Africa

Dear Mr. Smith,

I am writing to express my keen interest in the Financial Analyst position at XYZ Corporation, as advertised on your company website. With a Bachelor’s degree in Finance from the University of Johannesburg and three years of experience in financial analysis, I am confident in my ability to contribute to the success of XYZ Corporation.

During my tenure at ABC Financial Services, I honed my analytical skills and gained valuable experience in financial modeling, risk assessment, and investment analysis. I successfully led cross-functional teams to develop comprehensive financial forecasts and strategic recommendations, resulting in improved decision-making and cost savings for our clients.

What excites me most about the opportunity at XYZ Corporation is your commitment to innovation and excellence in financial services. Your recent expansion into emerging markets aligns perfectly with my passion for exploring new opportunities and driving business growth. I am eager to leverage my expertise in financial analysis to support XYZ Corporation’s strategic initiatives and contribute to its continued success.

In addition to my technical skills, I am known for my strong work ethic, attention to detail, and ability to thrive in fast-paced environments. I am confident that my proactive approach and collaborative mindset will make me a valuable asset to your team.

I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my background and skills align with the needs of XYZ Corporation. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of contributing to your dynamic team.

Mastering the art of writing cover letters is essential for job seekers looking to differentiate themselves in today’s competitive employment landscape. By conducting thorough research, showcasing your qualifications, and personalizing your communication, you can create compelling cover letters that resonate with employers and increase your chances of securing interviews. Remember to tailor each cover letter to the specific job and company, emphasizing your unique strengths and alignment with the organization’s values. With careful attention to detail and strategic positioning, you can unlock new opportunities and propel your career forward.

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Lethabo Ntsoane holds a Bachelors Degree in Accounting from the University of South Africa. He is a Financial Product commentator at Rateweb. He is an expect financial product analyst with years of experience in reviewing products and offering commentary. Lethabo majors in financial news, reviews and financial tips. He can be contacted: Email: [email protected] Twitter: @NtsoaneLethabo

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Table of Contents

In today’s competitive job market, a well-crafted cover letter can be the key to unlocking exciting career opportunities . It serves as your introduction to prospective employers and is your chance to make a memorable first impression. This article aims to provide you with valuable insights, tips, and actual Word format cover letter samples for various job application scenarios.

The Anatomy of a Cover Letter

A cover letter is more than just a brief note accompanying your resume. It comprises several key components:

Header : Include your contact information and the date.
Salutation : Address the recipient professionally, if possible, by name.
Introduction : Start with a strong opening statement.
Body Paragraphs : Share your qualifications, experiences, and why you’re a great fit.
Closing : Express your interest, thank the recipient, and provide your contact information.
Signature : Type your name or provide a handwritten signature.

Each of these elements plays a crucial role in creating a cover letter that stands out.

General Tips for Writing an Effective Cover Letter

Customization : Tailor each cover letter to the specific job and company.
Tone and Language : Maintain a formal, professional tone throughout.
Ideal Length : Keep it concise, usually within one page.
Addressing the Recipient : Find the recipient’s name whenever possible.
Proofreading : Thoroughly proofread your cover letter for errors in grammar and content.

Using Cover Letter Templates

Cover letter templates provide a structured format that simplifies the writing process. However, remember that it’s crucial to make the template your own and avoid sending generic cover letters. Let’s dive into some sample cover letters in Word format that you can customize for your job applications.

Sample Cover Letter for Assistant Teacher

Dear [Employer’s Name],

I am writing to express my strong interest in the Assistant Teacher position at [School Name], as advertised on [Job Listing Source]. As a dedicated and enthusiastic individual with a passion for education, I am eager to contribute my skills and experience to support the growth and development of your students.

I recently completed my Bachelor of Education degree at [University Name], where I developed a solid foundation in pedagogy, classroom management, and curriculum development. During my academic journey, I had the opportunity to complete several practicum placements in diverse classroom settings, which allowed me to refine my teaching techniques and gain hands-on experience working with students from various backgrounds and learning abilities.

My experience as a student teacher at [Previous School Name] further strengthened my commitment to education. I assisted in creating engaging lesson plans, managing classroom dynamics, and providing individualized support to students who needed extra assistance. This experience taught me the importance of adaptability and the ability to tailor my teaching methods to meet the unique needs of each student.

In addition to my educational background, I am a patient, compassionate, and empathetic individual, which I believe are essential qualities for working with young learners. I am also proficient in using technology to enhance the learning experience and can incorporate digital resources into the classroom effectively.

What excites me most about [School Name] is your commitment to fostering a nurturing and inclusive learning environment. I share your dedication to creating an atmosphere where students can thrive academically and socially. I am eager to contribute to this mission by assisting the lead teacher in providing a supportive and stimulating classroom experience for all students.

I am highly motivated to join the team at [School Name] and contribute to its outstanding reputation for educational excellence. Enclosed is my resume, which provides further details about my qualifications and experiences.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my skills and passion for education align with the goals of [School Name]. Please feel free to contact me at [Your Phone Number] or [Your Email Address] to schedule an interview.

[Your Name]

This sample effectively showcases the candidate’s enthusiasm and relevant skills for those seeking assistant teacher jobs. Download the cover letter in Word format here: Cover Letter for Assistant Teacher Job .

Sample Cover Letter for Caregiver Job

I am writing to express my strong interest in the caregiver position you have available. I am confident that my compassionate nature, extensive caregiving experience, and dedication to providing exceptional care make me a perfect fit for your needs.

Over the past [number of years] years, I have had the privilege of working as a caregiver for a variety of clients, including elderly individuals and those with special needs. My primary focus has always been on ensuring the well-being, comfort, and dignity of the individuals under my care. I have a deep understanding of the physical, emotional, and psychological challenges that individuals may face, and I am committed to providing the highest standard of care and support.

My caregiving experience has equipped me with a wide range of skills, including:

Assisting with activities of daily living (ADLs), such as bathing, dressing, grooming, and toileting.
Administering medications and monitoring medication schedules.
Preparing nutritious meals and following dietary restrictions.
Providing companionship and emotional support.
Safely transferring and assisting with mobility.
Maintaining a clean and organized living environment.
Recognizing and responding to changes in the client’s condition.

I understand the importance of clear communication and collaboration with both clients and their families to ensure that the care provided is tailored to individual needs and preferences. I am also well-versed in handling emergency situations and maintaining a calm and reassuring demeanor in stressful times.

What sets me apart as a caregiver is my genuine passion for making a positive difference in the lives of those I care for. I believe that everyone deserves to be treated with respect, kindness, and empathy, and I am dedicated to upholding these values in my caregiving practice.

I am excited about the opportunity to bring my skills and compassionate care to your family. Please find my resume attached for your reference. I would welcome the chance to discuss how my experience aligns with your caregiving needs in more detail.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of contributing to the well-being and comfort of your loved one.

For those who want to apply for a caregiver job, this sample demonstrates how to highlight accomplishments and expertise to capture the attention of employers. Download in Word format here: Cover Letter for Caregiver Job

Sample Cover Letter for Driver Job

I am writing to express my strong interest in the driver position at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Listing Source]. With a proven track record of safe and reliable driving, I am eager to bring my skills and dedication to contribute to your team.

My experience as a driver spans [number of years] years, during which I have demonstrated a commitment to delivering exceptional service while adhering to all traffic regulations and safety standards. I am well-versed in navigating South African roads, and I have a clean driving record.

Key highlights of my qualifications and experiences include:

A valid and up-to-date Code [Your Driver’s License Code] driver’s license.
Familiarity with GPS navigation systems and the ability to plan efficient routes.
A strong commitment to vehicle maintenance and ensuring cleanliness.
Excellent time management skills to meet delivery schedules and appointments.
Proven ability to handle various types of vehicles, including [mention specific types, if applicable, e.g., trucks, vans, or taxis].

I understand the importance of representing [Company Name] professionally and ensuring the safety and satisfaction of passengers and cargo. Whether transporting goods, passengers, or executives, I approach each task with the utmost responsibility and care.

Additionally, I am a dependable and punctual individual, known for my strong work ethic and commitment to being a valuable asset to my employers. I thrive in high-pressure situations and can adapt quickly to changing circumstances, ensuring a smooth and efficient driving experience.

I am particularly drawn to [Company Name] for its reputation for excellence and its dedication to maintaining the highest standards in the industry. I am excited about the opportunity to contribute my skills and work alongside your team to achieve the company’s goals.

Enclosed is my resume, which provides further details about my qualifications and driving experience. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my skills align with your driving needs in more detail.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of becoming a part of the [Company Name] team and contributing to your continued success.

Driver applications require a specific approach. This sample emphasizes the candidate’s eagerness to learn and contribute. Download in Word format here: Cover Letter for a Driver Job

The Closing and Signature

The closing is your chance to leave a final impression. A strong closing statement should reiterate your interest in the role and thank the recipient. Your signature can be typed or handwritten, depending on the format.

Final Tips for Cover Letter Success

Customize each cover letter.
Practice and revise.
Seek feedback from mentors or peers.
Utilize the provided Word format samples as starting points.
Additional resources are available to further enhance your cover letter writing skills.

In today’s competitive job market, a well-crafted cover letter can be the ticket to your dream job. Armed with the knowledge provided in this article and the Word format cover letter samples, you are well-prepared to create cover letters that make a lasting impression. Whether you’re an entry-level applicant, an experienced professional, or embarking on a career change, the principles of effective cover letter writing remain the same. It’s time to put these tips into action and increase your chances of landing your next career opportunity.

500+ Cover Letter Examples: Your Key to African Job Market Success! Unlock the door to career success in Africa with our exclusive collection of 500+ Cover Letter Examples. Each one is HR-approved and ATS-friendly, designed to elevate your job -seeking game on the continent.

In South Africa , writing a cover letter for a job application is an important part of the application process. A cover letter enables you to introduce yourself to the employer and explain why you are the best candidate for the position. It also allows you to highlight your relevant skills and experience to the position.

Here is a detailed discussion about the appropriate format for penning a letter of employment in South Africa . Date and contacts. In a hard copy, write the date of application , your address, and lastly, the company's address. Do not change the order of these items and arrange them vertically while leaving a space after each one of them.

While you’re working on having the best cover letter to send in alongside your application , there are some things you should keep in mind. Don’t use the same cover letter for multiple job openings. It’s always better to tailor your cover letter to the applications as they come. Don’t make your cover letter too long.

This will help you: Write a custom cover letter that is genuine in content and intent. Set yourself apart from other generic applications . Show the recruiter or company that you are proactive. Prepare for the interview if you are asked to attend one. Get right to it. Raise the criteria listed in the job advert.

If you are unsure of their name, you can simply address them with ‘Dr’, ‘Mr’, ‘Mrs’, ‘Ms’, and their job title, or ‘Dear Sir/Madam’. Also ensure that you have the company’s correct name, address, and postal code. 3. Have a solid introduction: The introduction of your cover letter is a chance to introduce yourself and ...

Cover Letter Example: 20 March 2024. Mr. John Smith Human Resources Manager XYZ Corporation 123 Main Street Johannesburg, South Africa . Dear Mr. Smith, I am writing to express my keen interest in the Financial Analyst position at XYZ Corporation, as advertised on your company website.

The average length of a cover letter is two to four paragraphs and should not exceed an A4 page. The letter should be concise and direct, covering who you are and what you want in a few short lines. The number one rule when writing a cover letter is to relate personal information to the potential job .

Sample Cover Letter for Driver Job . Dear [Employer’s Name], I am writing to express my strong interest in the driver position at [Company Name], as advertised on [ Job Listing Source]. With a proven track record of safe and reliable driving, I am eager to bring my skills and dedication to contribute to your team.

However, there are companies that still accept the traditional handwritten cover letters. Here is a detailed discussion about the appropriate format for penning a letter of employment in South Africa . Date and contacts. In a hard copy, write the date of application , your address, and lastly, the company’s address.

Paragraph On Smoking Is Injurious To Health

Undoubtedly smoking is harmful for health. You can read hear short and long persuasive and argumentative Paragraph about smoking. Give your points about Smoking is silent killer and it should be banned specially at public places.

Read below a brief paragraph about smoking is injurious to health.

Table of Contents

Smoking Paragraph | Smoking Is Dangerous And Should Banned On Public Places

what is Smoking?

Nowadays, smoking is spreading like a plague among the younger generation. The growing trend of smoking is also very harmful to our nation and society. It is more dangerous for people than anything and a main cause of drug addiction .

The smoking materials mainly consist of tobacco that contain toxic chemicals like nicotine, lead, arsenic , radioactive elements such as polonium-210 , carbon monoxide and many others. Smoking is very harmful and dangerous for health.

There are many types of smoking like cigarettes, cigar, pipe, hookah or water pipe. A cigarette is a thin cylinder containing psychoactive material, mainly tobacco, that is rolled into thin paper for smoking .

There are more than 7,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke. Hundreds are toxic. More than 70 of those chemicals cause cancer. Cigar is also like a cigarette the difference is that in cigar a roll of tobacco wrapped in a tobacco leaf or any substance that contain tobacco.

Pipe smoking is a practice of inhaling less smoke produced by burning a substance mainly tobacco in a pipe. Hookah is also a kind of a smoking . No matter what kind of smoking you use, all forms of smoking is harmful for health.

Harmful effects:

Smoking cause many diseases in smokers. Smoking has bad effect on respiratory system, circulatory system , immune system, sexual organs , musculoskeletal system and on many other organs of body.

A person who smokes is at high risk of developing a range of diseases because his immune system not works properly. Smoking cause many diseases like cancer of the mouth, nose, esophagus, throat, lungs , kidney and stomach. It also causes heart diseases, stroke , eye diseases, diabetes and elevates many other diseases like tuberculosis, emphysema etc.

The World Health Organization estimates that the number of people who died of pneumonia in 2005 was three million and more than 7 million deaths per year.

People who smoke regularly and want to quit smoking they must consult a doctor. For this purpose there are many health care centers who help the smokers to quit smoking. The most important and easiest way is to make a strong commitment to quit smoking.

When you need a cigarette, take a deep breath in the fresh air. Repeat the process three times a day, it will give you peace of mind. Health care professionals can help patient by prescribing cessation medication.

Comprehensive measures are needed to stop smoking, First of all, it is necessary to raise public awareness. Schools, colleges and university associations should take effective action against this abominable habit, especially among students.

Our newspapers, radio, TV channels, films and magazines should raise their voice against it and provide awareness about it. Smoking is becoming more common, especially among young boys and girls, so parents and teachers should sit down with their children and explain the dangers of smoking to them.

Hello! Welcome to my Blog StudyParagraphs.co. My name is Angelina. I am a college professor. I love reading writing for kids students. This blog is full with valuable knowledge for all class students. Thank you for reading my articles.

Argumentative Essay About Smoking in Public Places In 200 Words

Paragraph on Smoking is Injurious to Health | 100, 150, 250, 300, 400 + Words

Paragraph on Smoking is Injurious to Health – Smoking is injurious to health. People who smoke cigarettes can experience a multitude of unpleasant side effects, including heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and more.

Paragraph on Smoking is Injurious to Health 80 Words

Everyone knows that smoking is bad for health. People die every day, every year due to the diseases caused by smoking. Cancer, TB and many other fatal diseases lead a person a smoker to a life of suffering. The person sooner or later becomes cripple and full of diseases. One spends a lots of money on buying cigarettes and bidis and harms himself for life. Not only it harms the person who smokes, but it also harms all the members of the family who live close to the smoker all twenty-four hours of the day. The near dears are equally at risk and are usually the victims of smoking.

Download the above Paragraph in PDF

Paragraph on smoking is injurious to health 100 words.

Smoking is one of the most injurious habits to health. It is a great danger to both the active and passive smokers. It is estimated that smoking kills nearly six million people each year worldwide. There are many harmful chemicals in cigarettes, including tar and nicotine. These chemicals increase the risk of lung cancer, heart disease, and other serious health problems. Smoking also increases the risk of developing wrinkles and premature aging. The habit also stains teeth and causes bad breath. In short, smoking is injurious to health in many ways. It is advisable to quit smoking for the sake of one’s own health and the health of others around them.

Paragraph on Smoking is Injurious to Health 150 Words

Smoking is injurious to health. Everyone knows that , but still, many people smoke and do not care about their health. They think that it is their personal choice, and they can do whatever they want with their body. But the fact is, smoking is not only injurious to the smoker’s health, but also to the health of those who are around them. Second-hand smoke is just as harmful as smoking itself. So, when someone smokes in a public place, they are not only harming themselves, but also those around them. Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Every year, millions of people die due to smoking-related diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and lung disease. Smoking is also a major risk factor for other diseases such as stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). So, if you care about your health, or the health of those around you, quit smoking today. It’s never too late to start living a healthier life.

Paragraph on Smoking is Injurious to Health 250 Words

Smoking is injurious to health and there is no denying that. It is one of the leading causes of death and illnesses around the world. It is not only harmful to the smoker but also to those who are exposed to second-hand smoke. There are many harmful chemicals in cigarettes which damage the lungs and other organs of the body. It also increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other respiratory diseases. Quitting smoking is the best thing a smoker can do for his health. Cigarette smoking kills more than 8 million people each year, with more than 80% of those deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Smoking is not only harmful to the smoker’s health, but also to the health of those around them. Secondhand smoke exposure causes nearly 1 in 10 adult deaths from cardiovascular disease and cancer worldwide. Smokers are at increased risk for a wide range of health problems, including lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and other cancers. Quitting smoking has immediate as well as long-term benefits, reducing risks for diseases caused by smoking and improving overall health. Smoking is injurious to health, causing a range of serious diseases and conditions. It is important to be aware of the risks associated with smoking so that you can make an informed decision about whether to smoke. If you do choose to smoke, there are ways to reduce the risks by quitting smoking as soon as possible and by avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke.

Paragraph on Smoking is Injurious to Health 300 Words

Most of these deaths are from cancer, heart disease, and lung disease. It causes cancer of the lung, mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, bladder, kidney, and pancreas. It also increases your risk of heart disease, stroke, and chronic bronchitis. Smoking is not just harmful to your health, but also to the health of those around you. Second hand smoke is responsible for causing cancer in nonsmokers. It’s also a leading cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). It is a well-known fact that smoking is injurious to health. It is a leading cause of death and disease, responsible for an estimated 1 in 10 adult deaths each year. Smoking is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, and lung disease. There are many harmful effects of smoking, including on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, the immune system, and the development of cancer. Smoking also increases the risk of other diseases, such as tuberculosis and other infections. Smoking is a preventable cause of death and disease, and quitting smoking significantly reduces the risks. The best way to avoid the harmful effects of smoking is to never start smoking. If you do smoke, quitting smoking is the single most important step you can take to improve your health. In conclusion, smoking is injurious to health and there are many reasons why you should quit. From the negative effects on your physical health to the financial cost of smoking, it just isn’t worth it. So, if you’re looking to improve your health and save some money, quitting smoking is a great place to start.

Paragraph on Smoking is Injurious to Health 400 + Words

Introduction

Smoking is injurious to health. That’s the most basic and common sentence you’d find in any article or public service announcement regarding smoking. And yet, people continue to smoke. Why? There could be many reasons. Some people are addicted to nicotine and find it hard to quit. Others might think that they can control their smoking and that it won’t affect their health adversely. Whatever the reason may be, the fact remains that smoking is bad for your health. In this blog post, we will explore some of the harmful effects of smoking in hopes that it will convince you to quit.

The Harmful Effects of Smoking

Smoking is injurious to health as it damages the lungs and other organs.Smoking is also a leading cause of death in many countries.

The Benefits of Quitting Smoking

Smoking is injurious to health for many reasons, but some smokers may not be aware of all the risks. Quitting smoking has immediate and long-term benefits for smokers, their families, and society.

Benefits of Quitting Smoking Include:

Improved cardiovascular health
Reduced risk of cancer
Improved lung function
Increased life expectancy
improved fertility

There are many benefits to quitting smoking, including improved cardiovascular health, reduced risk of cancer, improved lung function, increased life expectancy, and improved fertility.

How to Quit Smoking

Quitting smoking is one of the most difficult things you will ever do, but it is definitely worth it. Smoking harms not just your health, but also that of your loved ones. First and foremost, be honest with yourself about why you are smoking and figure out what you need to do to stop. Next, identify a support system – someone who will be there for you when quitting feels overwhelming. Finally, make a plan and stick to it – once you have started down this path quitting will become easier and more manageable each day.

The bottom line is that smoking is bad for your health. There is no way around it. If you smoke, you are increasing your risk of developing lung cancer, heart disease, and other serious health problems. So if you’re looking to improve your health, quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do.

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John Sinclair, 82, Dies; Counterculture Activist Who Led a ‘Guitar Army’

His imprisonment for a minor marijuana offense became a cause célèbre. He was released after John Lennon and Yoko Ono sang about him at a protest rally.

A black-and-white photo of John Sinclair, a young man with long dark hair, a mustache and wire-rimmed glasses. He wears a black jacket and holds up a fist.

By Michael S. Rosenwald

John Sinclair, a counterculture activist whose nearly 10-year prison sentence for sharing joints with an undercover police officer was cut short after John Lennon and Yoko Ono sang about his plight at a protest rally, died on Tuesday in Detroit. He was 82.

His publicist, Matt Lee, said the cause of his death, in a hospital, was congestive heart failure.

As the leader of the White Panther Party in the late 1960s, Mr. Sinclair spoke of assembling a “guitar army” to wage “total assault” on racists, capitalism and the criminalization of marijuana. “We are a whole new people with a whole new vision of the world,” he wrote in his book “Guitar Army” (1972), “a vision which is diametrically opposed to the blind greed and control which have driven our immediate predecessors in Euro-Amerika to try to gobble up the whole planet and turn it into one big supermarket.”

He also managed the incendiary Detroit rock band the MC5. Their lyrics — “I’m sick and tired of paying these dues/And I’m finally getting hip to the American ruse” — were a kind of ballad for the cause.

Mr. Sinclair’s command of this “raggedy horde of holy barbarians,” as he described them in his book, was upended in 1969 when Judge Robert J. Colombo of Detroit Recorder’s Court sentenced him to nine and a half to 10 years in prison for giving two marijuana cigarettes to an undercover police officer.

Mr. Sinclair argued that he had been framed.

“Everyone who is taking part in this is guilty of violating the United States Constitution and violating my rights and everyone else that’s concerned,” he said during the hearing. He added, “There is nothing just about this, there is nothing just about these courts, nothing just about these vultures over here.”

In prison, he was responsible for folding underwear but spent most of his time reading and writing. “This is the best thing that’s ever happened to me or our organization,” he told Big Fat magazine during his incarceration. Asked why, he said, “It exposes the fascists who put me here.”

Mr. Sinclair’s case became a cause célèbre in the counterculture movement. On Dec. 10, 1971, 15,000 supporters attended a rally and concert at Crisler Arena in Ann Arbor, Mich. They brought a lot of marijuana with them.

“People were not only smoking joints openly and passing them around,” Keith Stroup, the founder of the marijuana advocacy group NORML (the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws), wrote , “but several people, including one sitting near my seat, had quantities of marijuana sitting open on their laps, freely rolling joint after joint, to make sure everyone who attended could get high for the occasion.”

Mr. Sinclair spoke to the audience from prison over a phone line connected to the arena’s speaker system.

“Say something to me,” he said, and the crowd shouted, “Free John!”

Among the musicians who performed were Stevie Wonder and Bob Seger. Allen Ginsberg and Abbie Hoffman spoke, along with Bobby Seale, a founder of the Black Panther Party. The event was supposed to end at midnight, but it kept going, and at about 3 a.m. Mr. Lennon and Ms. Ono appeared onstage. The audience went berserk.

With the antiwar activist Jerry Rubin playing drum in the background, Mr. Lennon and Ms. Ono performed a song they had written for Mr. Sinclair. It began:

It ain’t fair, John Sinclair In the stir for breathin’ air Won’t you care for John Sinclair? In the stir for breathin’ air Let him be, set him free Let him be like you and me.

A few days later, the Michigan Supreme Court announced that it was reviewing the case. Mr. Sinclair was released on bond. The court later overturned the conviction.

Justice John B. Swainson held that Mr. Sinclair had been entrapped by Detroit police officers. Two other justices, Thomas E. Brennan and Paul L. Adams, wrote that Mr. Sinclair’s sentence was “cruel and unusual punishment in light of the case against him.”

“Today is a great victory,” Mr. Sinclair said at a news conference, puffing on a joint.

John Alexander Sinclair Jr. was born on Oct. 2, 1941, in Flint, Mich. His father worked for Buick Motors, first on the assembly line and later in management. His mother, Elsie (Newberry) Sinclair, was a teacher. The family lived in Davison, a small town near Flint.

“I grew up there on Lapeer Street, the last street in town going east, and there were fields and woods out beyond our backyard where all the kids on the block spent a lot of time,” Mr. Sinclair wrote in “Guitar Army.” “They’ve got subdivisions out there now, of course, but then they’ve got a big ‘marijuana problem’ in Davison now, too, which just goes to show you.”

He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1964 with a bachelor’s degree in American literature. He pursued a master’s degree in English literature at Wayne State University in Detroit, but he was expelled “because I was a dope fiend,” he told The Detroit Free Press.

Mr. Sinclair stayed in the city. He wrote poetry, organized jazz concerts and started an artists’ workshop with his girlfriend, Magdalene Arndt, known as Leni. They married in 1965 and became active in the local counterculture movement. With his friend Pun Plamondon, they started the White Panther Party in 1968.

“We thought,” Mr. Sinclair wrote in “Guitar Army,” “that political organization and political theory were things of the past which had no relevance to the contemporary situation, that whatever happened would have to happen spontaneously if it was going to mean anything at all, and that all we had to do was to keep pumping out our propaganda as hard as we could and then just wait for the right moment to present itself, at which time there would be a huge apocalyptic flash and the future of the world would be settled in a matter of days.”

But in a matter of months, Mr. Sinclair was in prison. While there, he was indicted along with Mr. Plamondon and another White Panther Party member on charges that they conspired in 1968 to bomb a C.I.A. recruiting office in Ann Arbor. The case against them was built on wiretaps for which the F.B.I. had not obtained warrants, and it collapsed after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the wiretaps were unconstitutional .

John and Leni Sinclair divorced in 1978. He married Patricia Brown in 1989. She survives him, along with two daughters from his first marriage, Celia and Sunny Sinclair; three stepdaughters, Krishna Tyson, Chonita Robinson and Kenya Makeba Carr; a sister, Kathleen Sinclair-Smith; and a granddaughter.

After his legal problems ended, Mr. Sinclair settled into a life of advocacy, writing poetry and articles for alternative newspapers and producing music festivals. He smoked marijuana every day. After Michigan legalized it in 2018, he was among the first customers in line when it became available for purchase.

“Things have come full circle, haven’t they, John?” someone in line asked him, according to MLive , a Michigan news outlet.

Mr. Sinclair replied, “It would be more full if they came and gave me back the weed that they took.”

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John Sinclair, 82, Dies; Counterculture Activist Who Led a 'Guitar Army'
John Alexander Sinclair Jr. was born on Oct. 2, 1941, in Flint, Mich. His father worked for Buick Motors, first on the assembly line and later in management.

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Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General.

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