argumentative essay about quinceanera

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Quinceañera – a Hispanic Coming of Age Celebration

• Categories: Hispanic

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Words: 1605 |

Published: Jun 9, 2021

Words: 1605 | Pages: 4 | 9 min read

Table of contents

Quinceanera ceremony outline, quinceanera ceremony essay example, introduction.

• Introduction to the Quinceañera celebration in Spanish culture
• Definition of Quinceañera and its cultural significance

Origins and Evolution

• Exploration of the origins of Quinceañeras
• Evolution of the celebration from pre-Hispanic Aztec customs to contemporary Quinceañeras

Religious and Cultural Significance

• The ceremonial and religious aspects of Quinceañeras
• The role of the Roman Catholic Church in shaping the event
• Transition from girlhood to womanhood

Preparation and Planning

• Months of preparation and religious education
• Role of padrinos and madrinas in supporting the celebration
• Selection and assignment of padrinos

Symbolic Items and Traditions

• Significance of symbolic items such as the Bible, book of prayers, rosary, scepter, and cojines
• The role of the cumpleañera's transition into adulthood

Documentation and Photography

• The importance of documenting the Quinceañera through photography and video
• Professional photographers and capturing special moments

Recuerdos and Commemoration

• Distribution of recuerdos (remembrance gifts)
• Their significance in commemorating the day and showing gratitude to supporters

Traditional Food and Meal

• Traditional Hispanic foods commonly served at Quinceañeras
• Catering options and the role of family in meal preparation

Renewal of Vows and Tiara

• Renewal of religious vows during the Quinceañera Mass
• Transition from headpiece to tiara symbolizing the girl's transformation
• Acceptance of roles in both biological and religious families

Transition to Adulthood

• Acknowledgment of the end of childhood and the acceptance of adulthood
• The significance of the "Last Doll" as a symbol of growing up

Works Cited

• DaVinci Bridal. (n.d.). The significance of the quinceañera ceremony. DaVinci Bridal. https://www.davincibridal.com/blog/the-significance-of-the-quinceanera-ceremony/
• Hill, J., & Daniels, M. (2011). The cultural celebrations of a Quinceañera: The construction of a cultural performance. Journal of American Culture, 34(2), 145-155.
• Hudson, S. A. (2005). ‘Bigger, better, more’: The cultural politics of quinceañera magazine advertising. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 29(2), 178-195.
• López, A. (2004). The quinceañera’s education: Teaching the significance of the fiesta de quince años. In B. Villarreal & S. Villarreal (Eds.), The Latino education crisis: The consequences of failed social policies (pp. 91-108). Harvard Educational Review Reprint Series. Harvard Education Press.
• Martínez, T. (2009). “It’s like a wedding but it’s not”: Quinceañeras and the socialization of adolescent Latinas. Gender Issues, 26(1), 1-21.
• Pertierra, R. (2013). Mobile phones, identity and discourses in the quinceañera celebration. In R. Pertierra (Ed.), Mobile phones, identity and discourses: Young people, fashion and language (pp. 135-149). Springer.
• Ramirez, R., & Garza, H. (1999). Quinceañera celebrations: Exploring cultural dimensions of gendered rituals. Gender & Society, 13(3), 328-347.
• Rocha, A., & Pintado, P. (2014). “I am 15 years old and I am not a little girl anymore”: The role of consumer culture in quinceañera celebrations. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 27(4), 488-509.
• Torres-García, A. (2016). Empowering young Latina women through cultural traditions: A photovoice study of quinceañera celebrations. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 26(1), 1-13.
• Vargas, J. (2007). La Quinceañera. Latino Cultural Encyclopedia. https://latinoencyclopedia.wordpress.com/2007/06/11/la-quinceanera/

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Essay on Quinceanera

Students are often asked to write an essay on Quinceanera in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Quinceanera

What is a quinceanera.

A Quinceanera is a traditional Latin American celebration for a girl’s fifteenth birthday. It marks her transition from childhood to womanhood.

Quinceanera Traditions

The celebration involves a religious ceremony, a reception with music and dancing, and a feast. The girl wears a special dress, usually in pink or white.

Significance of Quinceanera

This event is a significant milestone in a girl’s life. It’s a time for family and friends to come together and celebrate her growth and maturity.

250 Words Essay on Quinceanera

Introduction to quinceanera.

Quinceanera, a cultural gem within the Hispanic community, is a rite of passage that marks a girl’s transition from childhood to womanhood. Celebrated on the fifteenth birthday, this event has both social and religious implications, reflecting the rich tapestry of Latin American heritage.

Historical Significance

The tradition of Quinceanera dates back to pre-Columbian times when indigenous tribes held ceremonies for girls reaching puberty. With Spanish colonization, Catholic elements were incorporated, creating a fusion of indigenous and European customs that persist today.

Religious and Social Aspects

Religiously, Quinceanera begins with a Mass where the girl renews her baptismal vows, affirming her faith and commitment to the community. This is followed by a grand celebration, often characterized by a lavish ball, symbolizing her entry into society. The event is typically marked by the presentation of symbolic gifts, such as a tiara and scepter, denoting responsibility and authority.

Modern Interpretations

In recent years, Quinceanera has evolved, reflecting the changing societal norms and values. Some families opt for alternative celebrations or community service, emphasizing personal growth over material extravagance. Despite these changes, the essence of Quinceanera remains constant: a celebration of growth, maturity, and cultural heritage.

Quinceanera serves as a poignant reminder of the enduring strength of cultural traditions in shaping individual identities and community bonds. As a rite of passage, it encapsulates the journey of growth, responsibility, and the enduring significance of cultural heritage.

500 Words Essay on Quinceanera

The Quinceanera, a rite of passage in Latin American cultures, marks the transition of a girl into womanhood on her fifteenth birthday. This elaborate celebration integrates elements of religious, familial, and cultural significance, creating a unique blend of tradition and modernity.

Historical Origins

The Quinceanera traces its roots back to the ancient indigenous cultures of Mesoamerica. The Aztecs, Mayans, and other indigenous societies held ceremonies for their girls, signifying their readiness for marriage and motherhood. When the Spanish colonizers arrived, they incorporated Catholic elements into the ritual, leading to the fusion that we observe today.

Religious Significance

The Quinceanera begins with a Misa de acción de gracias, a Mass to give thanks for the girl’s life. The Quinceanera, dressed in a ball gown, is accompanied by her parents and godparents. She may present a porcelain doll to the Virgin Mary, symbolizing her last toy and the end of her childhood. Additionally, she receives symbolic gifts, such as a cross or a Bible, signifying her commitment to her faith.

Social and Cultural Dimensions

The religious ceremony is followed by a reception, where the Quinceanera performs a waltz with her court of honor, usually consisting of fourteen boys and girls, representing the past fourteen years of her life. This dance is often a highlight of the event, showcasing the Quinceanera’s grace and elegance.

The Quinceanera celebration is also a reflection of social status and communal ties. The lavish nature of the event, the grandeur of the dress, and the scale of the reception often serve as indicators of social standing. The community’s involvement, from guests to sponsors, underscores the interconnectedness of Latin American societies.

Modern Interpretations and Criticisms

In recent years, Quinceaneras have evolved, with some families choosing to replace the traditional ball with trips or other experiences. However, these modern interpretations have faced criticism for straying from tradition and the original purpose of the celebration.

Moreover, Quinceaneras have been criticized for their potential to reinforce gender stereotypes and the early sexualization of young girls. The focus on appearance, the expectation of grace and elegance, and the underlying implication of readiness for marriage and motherhood can impart prescriptive roles to young women.

The Quinceanera is a complex tradition, steeped in history and imbued with layers of significance. While it is a celebration of growth and maturity, it also raises questions about societal expectations and gender norms. As with any cultural practice, it continues to evolve, reflecting the changing values and beliefs of the society it represents. Despite its potential drawbacks, the Quinceanera remains a cherished tradition in Latin American cultures, a vibrant testament to their rich heritage and communal spirit.

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Zócalo Podcasts

What Quinceañeras Can Teach Adults—as Well as Young Girls—About Values

The latin american 15th-birthday ritual symbolizes a generational transfer of power.

A Quinceañera in Santa Fe, June 7, 2014. Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons .

By Julia Alvarez | May 9, 2018

I became interested in the quinceañera a few years ago when a publisher commissioned me to write a book for a series focusing on cultural phenomenon within different ethnic and racial communities. For Latinos, the editors had selected the quinceañera.

With all the hefty issues affecting us (immigration reform, education equity, the fate of DREAMers, the increasing incarceration of Latino youth), I couldn’t believe they’d choose such a Latino-lite topic as the made-in-the-USA quinceañera! Struggling immigrant families were “throwing the house out the window” with expenditures way beyond their means. There were now cruises, Disney World packages, pricey dresses for the girl and her court, party motivators. The tradition had lost its way from its origins: a ceremonial time, culminating in a fiesta, in which the elders of a community transmit their wisdom and skills to the next generation.

Despite my qualms, I accepted the assignment precisely to understand what happens to our origin traditions when they arrive stateside. What aspects of the quinceañera should we retain in order to take better care of our young people in their new culture and country?

Like many traditions in America, the quinceañera is a syncretization of indigenous and European influences. After years of preparation by their elders, Aztec maidens were considered ready for marriage at the age of 15, at which juncture, there was a ritual. The Aztec Codex cites ceremonial speeches given by fathers and mothers to their daughters:

It is as if you were an herb, a plant that has propagated, sprouted, blossomed. It is also as if you had been asleep and have awakened . . .

The ritual marked that awakening: the girl becoming a woman, and in the male counterpart of the rite, a boy becoming a man.

With the conquest, the Aztec tradition was subsumed by the Spaniards, who introduced details from the courtrooms of Europe and their coming-of-age balls when girls were presented to society, including elements that are very much a part of the current celebration: the opening waltz, the girl’s tiara, her court of young attendants. As with any living tradition, details were added over time: The girl got a “last doll” as a symbol of the babies she would bear; the court was set at 14 couples to represent the quinceañeras’ past birthdays; the father (more and more in combination with the mother) changed her girlish slippers to heels and after the first dance handed her over to her escort. But at the root of all these elaborations, the tradition represents an age-old need in the life of a community to signal the transfer of power to the next generation, a rite of passage, culminating in a party.

This aspect of the tradition has been criticized—as it should be when it turns show-offy and debt-inducing. But we must not dismiss or demean our traditions because they do not fit another culture’s idea of what is appropriate. We of Latin American heritage are a fiesta-loving people, Octavio Paz reminds us in The Labyrinth of Solitude . “Our poverty can be measured by the frequency and luxuriousness of our holidays. Fiestas are our only luxury. What is sought is potency, life, health. In this sense the fiesta is one of the most ancient economic forms.”

This might not always make sound Americanized dollars and sense, but our origin cultures often recall us to priorities and values we mustn’t forget. The resources embedded in traditions have become scarce in the developed world. In fact, this was one of the findings of a global study of world problems by the United Nations for the new millennium. Young people in developed countries were suffering from “rite deprivation.” They were adrift without a sense of their roots, of a community that cared and supported them, of traditions that connected them meaningfully with their past and empowered them in their journey into the future.

Young people in this country are telling us this is so. Teens are taking to the streets, marching in favor of gun control. DREAMers are waking up to how they are being held hostage by an administration more interested in the crazed whims of a madman in the White House and poll numbers than in nurturing the next generation of immigrant Americans. Young people are letting us know: you are not taking good enough care of us .

It’s time we listened to them. One of the epigraphs of my book is a Plato aphorism that guided my thinking about the quinceañera: “Education is teaching our children to desire the right things.” More and more what is happening is that our children are teaching us.

“The earth is not given to us by our ancestors,” according to a Native American saying, “It is loaned to us by our children.”

The quinceañera tradition reminds us that our loan is coming due. Of course, traditions must be constantly reinvented so that they serve who we are now. Back in another century, the quinceañera was about empowering our young girls, helping them adopt their adult roles of wife and mother. This was the only option back then. By showcasing the young girl, the quinceañera helped her find a good match and get a good start in life. But in this new country, young women have a lot more options. How can we use the quinceañera tradition to truly support our young people as they journey into adulthood in the here and now?

One of the most encouraging responses to this challenge is the Stay-in-School Quinceañera Program started by a Latina mom in Idaho. Over the course of a full year, 14-year-old girls and boys learn about their culture, old country traditions, as well as the new opportunities in this country. They meet with a range of leaders in the community: the Latina judge; the abuelita who knows homeopathic remedies, and the traditional craft of making wax flowers; the ranch-hand vaquero/cowboy who follows a true caballero (vs. macho) code of honor in caring for his familia and comunidad; the Latino CEO who runs a software company. There are field trips and retreats, community service projects and plain old fun.

Gaby, a graduate of the program, told me she would never have stayed in school, still less gone to college, if she hadn’t enrolled in the program. As the oldest of eight kids in an undocumented migrant family, Gaby was needed at home to help with her younger siblings. “I never thought of going to college. I was like your typical Hispanic girl.”

“What do you mean by that?” I asked her.

“Oh, you know, we don’t do white girl things like go to college.”

The Stay-at-School Quinceañera Program had put a new story in her head about what was possible for her.

I’ve been thinking a lot about Gaby, especially because she is one of those DREAMers now threatened with deportation. How to help her and others on their journeys into adulthood? How to create new narratives in their heads—and, maybe more importantly, in our own heads—about what is possible?

In other words, there are stories inside us about who we can be and what we can do, and these stories drive our lives. Which is exactly why it’s so important to expand the pool of stories.

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Cultural Traditions. Quinceanera vs. Sweet 16 Essay

In every woman’s life, there are a number of events and traditions that are normally followed in accordance to the girl and her family’s preference. Two of the most noted girl-related traditions, which are also the most compared, are Quinceañera and the Sweet 16. These two events are both memorable to every girl who is in her adolescence year and is turning to face the world of womanhood. Indeed, Quinceañera and the Sweet 16 are two very similar events yet extremely different in many little ways.

Both of these traditions are aimed at showing to the public (or some would say, to the world) that the girl in the family has now turned into a lady. Both of these traditions normally involve friends, families and loved ones.

However there are also a number of differences when celebrating Quinceañera and the Sweet 16. First of all, Quinceañera, as this word imply, is a Mexican tradition which is focused on girls who are 15 years old. Mexicans believe that once a girl reaches 15 years old, she is now ready for the transition from childhood to womanhood. This is a very important part of the girl’s adolescent life as this is their way of celebrating and acknowledging that the “young woman has reached sexual maturity and is thus of a marriageable age” (Hoyt Palfrey, 1997). Sweet 16 on the other hand is more of an American tradition and, as the title implies, is a celebration of the girl’s life as she reaches the age of 16.

Also, Quinceañera is normally celebrated with some religious aspects. This is the very reason why the day Quinceañera usually starts with a mass or a church service.

The birthday girl arrives decked out in a fancy full-length dress – frills, pastel tones and matching hats or headdresses prevail. Flanked by her parents and padrinos (godparents), she is specially seated at the foot of the altar throughout the service (Hoyt Palfrey, 1997).

After the mass, a reception or gathering of all invited guests, families and friends will be held. There will be traditional waltz dance with the parents and other male friends or families. Indeed, having a Quinceañera is really more of a traditional in approach. There are sets of things that are strictly followed and there are a number of rituals, which if will not be done, will make the celebration incomplete.

Meanwhile, the celebration of the Sweet 16 is more of a modern in approach. In fact, some people consider the Sweet 16 celebrations as an advanced version of the more prominent Westernized women-related traditions, the debutante balls. Lavish parties, foods, wines and gifts can be expected as this is commonly held among held by wealthy families and mostly popular in the South. At most times, Sweet 16 is done to achieve two purposes, to present the young women to society and at sometimes to raise funds for charities (“Sweet Sixteen”, 2008).

In some places like Mexico, even though Quincenera is still very traditional with rituals that are strictly followed, some families now allow their daughter birthday celebrants to add more colors to the celebrations like having the 15 balloons and 15 candles (aside from the 15 waltz) (Quinceañera, 2002). The whole idea is to have 15 participants to each of the activity to highlight that the 15 th year on the face of the world has now been achieved and that the girl is now ready to more challenging years of womanhood to come.

In the same manner, celebrating the Sweet 16 may sometime vary also. There are places where families would include dances, gift-giving and well-wishing as part of the celebration. Again, the same idea is being followed: to celebrate the girl’s life, now that she has turned 16 and to wish her with the same glory as she face the years of womanhood.

Quinceañera and the Sweet 16 are two practices that help me define who I really am. The information presented above, especially the ways and means that these two practices are being celebrated, shows that I, as a woman, still value traditions. This also shows that, like others, I do believe that any girl will be willing to face the world and show how ready she is to accept the challenges of becoming a woman and having a Quinceañera and/or the Sweet 16 is the first step to take.

Hoyt Palfrey Dale, La Quinceañera An Hispanic Celebration of Budding Womanhood. Web.

Quinceanera! A celebration of Latina Womanhood in VOICES: The Journal of New York Folklore, Vol. 28, Fall- 2002.

Sweet Sixteen. Web.

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IvyPanda. (2021, August 17). Cultural Traditions. Quinceanera vs. Sweet 16. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cultural-traditions-quinceanera-vs-sweet-16/

"Cultural Traditions. Quinceanera vs. Sweet 16." IvyPanda , 17 Aug. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/cultural-traditions-quinceanera-vs-sweet-16/.

IvyPanda . (2021) 'Cultural Traditions. Quinceanera vs. Sweet 16'. 17 August.

IvyPanda . 2021. "Cultural Traditions. Quinceanera vs. Sweet 16." August 17, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cultural-traditions-quinceanera-vs-sweet-16/.

1. IvyPanda . "Cultural Traditions. Quinceanera vs. Sweet 16." August 17, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cultural-traditions-quinceanera-vs-sweet-16/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Cultural Traditions. Quinceanera vs. Sweet 16." August 17, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cultural-traditions-quinceanera-vs-sweet-16/.

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For maintaining traditional coming-of-age ceremonies of the Inuit, by Dylan Conlon

An essay for maintaining traditional coming-of-age ceremonies of the Inuit. The Inuit male coming of age tradition is an important and necessary way for children transitioning into adults by learning and applying social, spiritual and educational skills kept in traditions to help the community survive in hazardous Arctic conditions. As the Inuit child starts the initiation process at around 10 to 12 years old, he will be on hunting trips with his family and elders and learn from them how to steer the canoe or boat to use each and every weapon while learning to hunt and survive in the harsh, cold, bristling wind and snow. He will hear stories about the past and the history of his ancestors as they bravely and skilfully learned how to survive and to pass their knowledge on. When we study the beliefs and practices of traditional people, we also learn that we share their world and experience. We are all human and face the same problems even now with our environments.

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This paper examines the economic adaptations and subsistence hunting involvement of householders between the ages of 20 and 35 in the Copper Inuit community of Holman. Social, economic, and political changes throughout the Canadian Arctic have made it impossible for young adults to pursue the same mixed economic strategies as previous generations. A general decrease in subsistence hunting involvement is characteristic of the younger generation. Nevertheless, some young householders have made a conscious effort to remain active in subsistence hunting and fishing to provide for themselves and related households. Some have even increased subsistence hunting involvement as their own parents age and become increasingly infirm. Other householders are less active in hunting and fishing, but continue to view land-based harvesting as central to a sense of Inuit identity. The motivations, economic position, and family background of a sample of active and less active young adult hunters are explored in an attempt to understand the pressures experienced by young adults as they strive to make a place in a northern society radically different from that of their parents at a similar age. While the authors recognize the economic value of subsistence harvesting and the foods that result from it, we also emphasize the less easily quantified dimensions of subsistence ideology and its impact upon physical health, psychological well-being, and community integration. RÉSUMÉ. Cet article examine les adaptations économiques et l'activité de chasse de subsistance de chefs de ménage âgés de 20 à 35 ans, dans la communauté Copper Inuit de Holman. Les changements sociaux, économiques et politiques qui ont eu lieu dans tout l'Arctique canadien ont fait qu'il est impossible pour les jeunes adultes de poursuivre les mêmes stratégies d'économie mixte que les générations précédentes. La génération la plus jeune se caractérise par une diminution généralisée de l'activité de chasse de subsistance. Néanmoins, certains jeunes chefs de ménage ont fait un effort conscient pour poursuivre la chasse et la pêche de subsistance afin de subvenir à leurs propres besoins et à ceux de ménages apparentés. Certains consacrent même plus de temps à la chasse de subsistance à mesure que leurs propres parents vieillissent et deviennent physiquement incapables de se livrer à ces activités. D'autres chefs de ménage se consacrent maintenant moins à la chasse et à la pêche, mais continuent de considérer le prélèvement des ressources naturelles comme essentiel à l'identité inuit. On a exploré les motivations, la situation économique et les antécédents familiaux d'un échantillon de jeunes chasseurs adultes, certains plus actifs que d'autres, afin d'essayer de comprendre les pressions ressenties par les jeunes adultes alors qu'ils luttent pour se faire une place dans une société nordique radicalement différente de celle de leurs parents au même âge. Bien que les auteurs reconnaissent la valeur économique de la récolte de subsistance et de la nourriture qui en résulte, ils insistent aussi sur la dimension plus difficile à quantifier de l'idéologie de subsistance, et sur ses retombées sur la santé physique, le bien-être psychologique et l'intégration de la collectivité. Mots clés: subsistance, temps consacré au prélèvement, identité inuit, jeunes adultes, partage de la nourriture, santé, estime de soi

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Arthur Dyke

Études/Inuit/Studies, vol. 26, n° 1, 2002, p. 17-44.

Cet article présente les principaux résultats d'un atelier sur "L'intégration des Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit dans le domaine du contrôle social." L'atelier s'est tenu à Rankin Inlet en juillet 2000. Cet atelier a été organisé dans une perspective anthropologique avec l'objectif de recueillir la vision des aînés sur le contrôle social et sur l'angakkuuniq (chamanisme). À bien des égards, les résultats de ces échanges confirment le bien fondé des initiatives contemporaines visant à favoriser autant que possible la participation des Inuit aux différents processus juridiques, et en particulier ceux concernant les délits mineurs. Aujourd'hui, les savoirs traditionnels des Inuit ainsi que certaines de leurs valeurs fondamentales paraissent d'autant plus menacés que les aînés qui ont connu la vie nomade de jadis et vécu au contact des chamanes sont en train de disparaître, emportant avec eux des pans entiers des riches traditions chamaniques. Si la collecte de données auprès des aînés s'avère urgente sur ces thématiques, elle doit s'accompagner d'une prise en compte des richesses régionales et des variations locales. This paper discusses the main results of a workshop on "Integrating Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit into methods of social control" that was held in Rankin Inlet in July 2000. The workshop was set up from an anthropological perspective to record the views of Inuit elders on social control and angakkuuniq (shamanism). In many respects the results of the workshop confirm current trends and efforts to strengthen the involvement of Inuit communities in the judicial processes, especially with respect to minor offences. Today Inuit traditional knowledge and values are rapidly eroding. Many knowledgeable elders who grew up in the nomadic period and in contact with shamans are now passing away and with them disappears the knowledge of the great traditions of angakkuuniq and related beliefs and practices. Hence there is an urgent need to record knowledge from Inuit elders with due attention to its richness and local variation.

Emanuel Lowi

These are the remarks I presented at a workshop held in October 2019 at the international Inuit Studies Conference, Montreal, Canada

Edmund Searles

Contemporary Nunavut Inuit perceive their identity to be a combination of inherited substances as well as knowledge, skills, and values that one must learn in order to be considered authentically Inuit. Inuit understand the latter part of their identity as examples of inuktitut , which is learning how to act in the Inuit way. Equally important for the expression of Inuit identity is knowledge of qallunaatitut , the way of “white people.” This is why Inuit identity is best understood as an ethnic identity that influences how Inuit perceive themselves, their culture, and their relations to non-Inuit. The dominant discourse of Inuit identity rests on a reified notion of culture as well as a logic that equates the boundary between Inuit culture and Qallunaat culture as primordial and permanent. As such, Inuit identity is experienced as a set of primordial ties to specific places and persons and as a way of life that must be protected from the incursion of non-Inuit culture. Ethnic ident...

Pamela Sturgess

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What is an Argumentative Essay? How to Write It (With Examples)

We define an argumentative essay as a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue. The purpose is to convince the reader to accept a particular viewpoint or action. In an argumentative essay, the writer takes a stance on a controversial or debatable topic and supports their position with evidence, reasoning, and examples. The essay should also address counterarguments, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic.

Table of Contents

• What is an argumentative essay?  
• Argumentative essay structure 
• Argumentative essay outline 
• Types of argument claims 

How to write an argumentative essay?

• Argumentative essay writing tips 
• Good argumentative essay example 

How to write a good thesis

• How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal? 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an argumentative essay.

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a coherent and logical analysis of a specific topic. 1 The goal is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or opinion on a particular issue. Here are the key elements of an argumentative essay: 

• Thesis Statement : The central claim or argument that the essay aims to prove. 
• Introduction : Provides background information and introduces the thesis statement. 
• Body Paragraphs : Each paragraph addresses a specific aspect of the argument, presents evidence, and may include counter arguments. 

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• Evidence : Supports the main argument with relevant facts, examples, statistics, or expert opinions. 
• Counterarguments : Anticipates and addresses opposing viewpoints to strengthen the overall argument. 
• Conclusion : Summarizes the main points, reinforces the thesis, and may suggest implications or actions. 

Argumentative essay structure

Aristotelian, Rogerian, and Toulmin are three distinct approaches to argumentative essay structures, each with its principles and methods. 2 The choice depends on the purpose and nature of the topic. Here’s an overview of each type of argumentative essay format.

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Argumentative essay outline

An argumentative essay presents a specific claim or argument and supports it with evidence and reasoning. Here’s an outline for an argumentative essay, along with examples for each section: 3  

1.  Introduction : 

• Hook : Start with a compelling statement, question, or anecdote to grab the reader’s attention. 

Example: “Did you know that plastic pollution is threatening marine life at an alarming rate?” 

• Background information : Provide brief context about the issue. 

Example: “Plastic pollution has become a global environmental concern, with millions of tons of plastic waste entering our oceans yearly.” 

• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position. 

Example: “We must take immediate action to reduce plastic usage and implement more sustainable alternatives to protect our marine ecosystem.” 

2.  Body Paragraphs : 

• Topic sentence : Introduce the main idea of each paragraph. 

Example: “The first step towards addressing the plastic pollution crisis is reducing single-use plastic consumption.” 

• Evidence/Support : Provide evidence, facts, statistics, or examples that support your argument. 

Example: “Research shows that plastic straws alone contribute to millions of tons of plastic waste annually, and many marine animals suffer from ingestion or entanglement.” 

• Counterargument/Refutation : Acknowledge and refute opposing viewpoints. 

Example: “Some argue that banning plastic straws is inconvenient for consumers, but the long-term environmental benefits far outweigh the temporary inconvenience.” 

• Transition : Connect each paragraph to the next. 

Example: “Having addressed the issue of single-use plastics, the focus must now shift to promoting sustainable alternatives.” 

3.  Counterargument Paragraph : 

• Acknowledgement of opposing views : Recognize alternative perspectives on the issue. 

Example: “While some may argue that individual actions cannot significantly impact global plastic pollution, the cumulative effect of collective efforts must be considered.” 

• Counterargument and rebuttal : Present and refute the main counterargument. 

Example: “However, individual actions, when multiplied across millions of people, can substantially reduce plastic waste. Small changes in behavior, such as using reusable bags and containers, can have a significant positive impact.” 

4.  Conclusion : 

• Restatement of thesis : Summarize your main argument. 

Example: “In conclusion, adopting sustainable practices and reducing single-use plastic is crucial for preserving our oceans and marine life.” 

• Call to action : Encourage the reader to take specific steps or consider the argument’s implications. 

Example: “It is our responsibility to make environmentally conscious choices and advocate for policies that prioritize the health of our planet. By collectively embracing sustainable alternatives, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier future.” 

Types of argument claims

A claim is a statement or proposition a writer puts forward with evidence to persuade the reader. 4 Here are some common types of argument claims, along with examples: 

• Fact Claims : These claims assert that something is true or false and can often be verified through evidence.  Example: “Water boils at 100°C at sea level.”
• Value Claims : Value claims express judgments about the worth or morality of something, often based on personal beliefs or societal values. Example: “Organic farming is more ethical than conventional farming.” 
• Policy Claims : Policy claims propose a course of action or argue for a specific policy, law, or regulation change.  Example: “Schools should adopt a year-round education system to improve student learning outcomes.” 
• Cause and Effect Claims : These claims argue that one event or condition leads to another, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship.  Example: “Excessive use of social media is a leading cause of increased feelings of loneliness among young adults.” 
• Definition Claims : Definition claims assert the meaning or classification of a concept or term.  Example: “Artificial intelligence can be defined as machines exhibiting human-like cognitive functions.” 
• Comparative Claims : Comparative claims assert that one thing is better or worse than another in certain respects.  Example: “Online education is more cost-effective than traditional classroom learning.” 
• Evaluation Claims : Evaluation claims assess the quality, significance, or effectiveness of something based on specific criteria.  Example: “The new healthcare policy is more effective in providing affordable healthcare to all citizens.” 

Understanding these argument claims can help writers construct more persuasive and well-supported arguments tailored to the specific nature of the claim.  

If you’re wondering how to start an argumentative essay, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with the argumentative essay format and writing process.

• Choose a Topic: Select a topic that you are passionate about or interested in. Ensure that the topic is debatable and has two or more sides.
• Define Your Position: Clearly state your stance on the issue. Consider opposing viewpoints and be ready to counter them.
• Conduct Research: Gather relevant information from credible sources, such as books, articles, and academic journals. Take notes on key points and supporting evidence.
• Create a Thesis Statement: Develop a concise and clear thesis statement that outlines your main argument. Convey your position on the issue and provide a roadmap for the essay.
• Outline Your Argumentative Essay: Organize your ideas logically by creating an outline. Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis.
• Write the Introduction: Start with a hook to grab the reader’s attention (a quote, a question, a surprising fact). Provide background information on the topic. Present your thesis statement at the end of the introduction.
• Develop Body Paragraphs: Begin each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that relates to the thesis. Support your points with evidence and examples. Address counterarguments and refute them to strengthen your position. Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs.
• Address Counterarguments: Acknowledge and respond to opposing viewpoints. Anticipate objections and provide evidence to counter them.
• Write the Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your argumentative essay. Reinforce the significance of your argument. End with a call to action, a prediction, or a thought-provoking statement.
• Revise, Edit, and Share: Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammatical and spelling errors. Share your essay with peers, friends, or instructors for constructive feedback.
• Finalize Your Argumentative Essay: Make final edits based on feedback received. Ensure that your essay follows the required formatting and citation style.

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Argumentative essay writing tips

Here are eight strategies to craft a compelling argumentative essay: 

• Choose a Clear and Controversial Topic : Select a topic that sparks debate and has opposing viewpoints. A clear and controversial issue provides a solid foundation for a strong argument. 
• Conduct Thorough Research : Gather relevant information from reputable sources to support your argument. Use a variety of sources, such as academic journals, books, reputable websites, and expert opinions, to strengthen your position. 
• Create a Strong Thesis Statement : Clearly articulate your main argument in a concise thesis statement. Your thesis should convey your stance on the issue and provide a roadmap for the reader to follow your argument. 
• Develop a Logical Structure : Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point of evidence that contributes to your overall argument. Ensure a logical flow from one point to the next. 
• Provide Strong Evidence : Support your claims with solid evidence. Use facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions to support your arguments. Be sure to cite your sources appropriately to maintain credibility. 
• Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and counterarguments. Addressing and refuting alternative perspectives strengthens your essay and demonstrates a thorough understanding of the issue. Be mindful of maintaining a respectful tone even when discussing opposing views. 
• Use Persuasive Language : Employ persuasive language to make your points effectively. Avoid emotional appeals without supporting evidence and strive for a respectful and professional tone. 
• Craft a Compelling Conclusion : Summarize your main points, restate your thesis, and leave a lasting impression in your conclusion. Encourage readers to consider the implications of your argument and potentially take action. 

Good argumentative essay example

Let’s consider a sample of argumentative essay on how social media enhances connectivity:

In the digital age, social media has emerged as a powerful tool that transcends geographical boundaries, connecting individuals from diverse backgrounds and providing a platform for an array of voices to be heard. While critics argue that social media fosters division and amplifies negativity, it is essential to recognize the positive aspects of this digital revolution and how it enhances connectivity by providing a platform for diverse voices to flourish. One of the primary benefits of social media is its ability to facilitate instant communication and connection across the globe. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram break down geographical barriers, enabling people to establish and maintain relationships regardless of physical location and fostering a sense of global community. Furthermore, social media has transformed how people stay connected with friends and family. Whether separated by miles or time zones, social media ensures that relationships remain dynamic and relevant, contributing to a more interconnected world. Moreover, social media has played a pivotal role in giving voice to social justice movements and marginalized communities. Movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #ClimateStrike have gained momentum through social media, allowing individuals to share their stories and advocate for change on a global scale. This digital activism can shape public opinion and hold institutions accountable. Social media platforms provide a dynamic space for open dialogue and discourse. Users can engage in discussions, share information, and challenge each other’s perspectives, fostering a culture of critical thinking. This open exchange of ideas contributes to a more informed and enlightened society where individuals can broaden their horizons and develop a nuanced understanding of complex issues. While criticisms of social media abound, it is crucial to recognize its positive impact on connectivity and the amplification of diverse voices. Social media transcends physical and cultural barriers, connecting people across the globe and providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard. By fostering open dialogue and facilitating the exchange of ideas, social media contributes to a more interconnected and empowered society. Embracing the positive aspects of social media allows us to harness its potential for positive change and collective growth.

• Clearly Define Your Thesis Statement:   Your thesis statement is the core of your argumentative essay. Clearly articulate your main argument or position on the issue. Avoid vague or general statements.  
• Provide Strong Supporting Evidence:   Back up your thesis with solid evidence from reliable sources and examples. This can include facts, statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes, or real-life examples. Make sure your evidence is relevant to your argument, as it impacts the overall persuasiveness of your thesis.  
• Anticipate Counterarguments and Address Them:   Acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints to strengthen credibility. This also shows that you engage critically with the topic rather than presenting a one-sided argument. 

How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal?

Writing a winning argumentative essay not only showcases your ability to critically analyze a topic but also demonstrates your skill in persuasively presenting your stance backed by evidence. Achieving this level of writing excellence can be time-consuming. This is where Paperpal, your AI academic writing assistant, steps in to revolutionize the way you approach argumentative essays. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use Paperpal to write your essay: 

• Sign Up or Log In: Begin by creating an account or logging into paperpal.com .  
• Navigate to Paperpal Copilot: Once logged in, proceed to the Templates section from the side navigation bar.  
• Generate an essay outline: Under Templates, click on the ‘Outline’ tab and choose ‘Essay’ from the options and provide your topic to generate an outline.  
• Develop your essay: Use this structured outline as a guide to flesh out your essay. If you encounter any roadblocks, click on Brainstorm and get subject-specific assistance, ensuring you stay on track. 
• Refine your writing: To elevate the academic tone of your essay, select a paragraph and use the ‘Make Academic’ feature under the ‘Rewrite’ tab, ensuring your argumentative essay resonates with an academic audience. 
• Final Touches: Make your argumentative essay submission ready with Paperpal’s language, grammar, consistency and plagiarism checks, and improve your chances of acceptance.  

Paperpal not only simplifies the essay writing process but also ensures your argumentative essay is persuasive, well-structured, and academically rigorous. Sign up today and transform how you write argumentative essays. 

The length of an argumentative essay can vary, but it typically falls within the range of 1,000 to 2,500 words. However, the specific requirements may depend on the guidelines provided.

You might write an argumentative essay when:  1. You want to convince others of the validity of your position.  2. There is a controversial or debatable issue that requires discussion.  3. You need to present evidence and logical reasoning to support your claims.  4. You want to explore and critically analyze different perspectives on a topic. 

Argumentative Essay:  Purpose : An argumentative essay aims to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a specific point of view or argument.  Structure : It follows a clear structure with an introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs presenting arguments and evidence, counterarguments and refutations, and a conclusion.  Tone : The tone is formal and relies on logical reasoning, evidence, and critical analysis.    Narrative/Descriptive Essay:  Purpose : These aim to tell a story or describe an experience, while a descriptive essay focuses on creating a vivid picture of a person, place, or thing.  Structure : They may have a more flexible structure. They often include an engaging introduction, a well-developed body that builds the story or description, and a conclusion.  Tone : The tone is more personal and expressive to evoke emotions or provide sensory details. 

• Gladd, J. (2020). Tips for Writing Academic Persuasive Essays.  Write What Matters . 
• Nimehchisalem, V. (2018). Pyramid of argumentation: Towards an integrated model for teaching and assessing ESL writing.  Language & Communication ,  5 (2), 185-200. 
• Press, B. (2022).  Argumentative Essays: A Step-by-Step Guide . Broadview Press. 
• Rieke, R. D., Sillars, M. O., & Peterson, T. R. (2005).  Argumentation and critical decision making . Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. 

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Get accurate academic translations, rewriting support, grammar checks, vocabulary suggestions, and generative AI assistance that delivers human precision at machine speed. Try for free or upgrade to Paperpal Prime starting at US$19 a month to access premium features, including consistency, plagiarism, and 30+ submission readiness checks to help you succeed.  

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8 Effective Strategies to Write Argumentative Essays

In a bustling university town, there lived a student named Alex. Popular for creativity and wit, one challenge seemed insurmountable for Alex– the dreaded argumentative essay!

One gloomy afternoon, as the rain tapped against the window pane, Alex sat at his cluttered desk, staring at a blank document on the computer screen. The assignment loomed large: a 350-600-word argumentative essay on a topic of their choice . With a sigh, he decided to seek help of mentor, Professor Mitchell, who was known for his passion for writing.

Entering Professor Mitchell’s office was like stepping into a treasure of knowledge. Bookshelves lined every wall, faint aroma of old manuscripts in the air and sticky notes over the wall. Alex took a deep breath and knocked on his door.

“Ah, Alex,” Professor Mitchell greeted with a warm smile. “What brings you here today?”

Alex confessed his struggles with the argumentative essay. After hearing his concerns, Professor Mitchell said, “Ah, the argumentative essay! Don’t worry, Let’s take a look at it together.” As he guided Alex to the corner shelf, Alex asked,

Table of Contents

“What is an Argumentative Essay?”

The professor replied, “An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that presents a clear argument or a firm position on a contentious issue. Unlike other forms of essays, such as descriptive or narrative essays, these essays require you to take a stance, present evidence, and convince your audience of the validity of your viewpoint with supporting evidence. A well-crafted argumentative essay relies on concrete facts and supporting evidence rather than merely expressing the author’s personal opinions . Furthermore, these essays demand comprehensive research on the chosen topic and typically follows a structured format consisting of three primary sections: an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.”

He continued, “Argumentative essays are written in a wide range of subject areas, reflecting their applicability across disciplines. They are written in different subject areas like literature and philosophy, history, science and technology, political science, psychology, economics and so on.

Alex asked,

“When is an Argumentative Essay Written?”

The professor answered, “Argumentative essays are often assigned in academic settings, but they can also be written for various other purposes, such as editorials, opinion pieces, or blog posts. Some situations to write argumentative essays include:

1. Academic assignments

In school or college, teachers may assign argumentative essays as part of coursework. It help students to develop critical thinking and persuasive writing skills .

2. Debates and discussions

Argumentative essays can serve as the basis for debates or discussions in academic or competitive settings. Moreover, they provide a structured way to present and defend your viewpoint.

3. Opinion pieces

Newspapers, magazines, and online publications often feature opinion pieces that present an argument on a current issue or topic to influence public opinion.

4. Policy proposals

In government and policy-related fields, argumentative essays are used to propose and defend specific policy changes or solutions to societal problems.

5. Persuasive speeches

Before delivering a persuasive speech, it’s common to prepare an argumentative essay as a foundation for your presentation.

Regardless of the context, an argumentative essay should present a clear thesis statement , provide evidence and reasoning to support your position, address counterarguments, and conclude with a compelling summary of your main points. The goal is to persuade readers or listeners to accept your viewpoint or at least consider it seriously.”

Handing over a book, the professor continued, “Take a look on the elements or structure of an argumentative essay.”

Elements of an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay comprises five essential components:

Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable. It can guide the entire argument.

2. Evidence

Evidence must consist of factual information, data, examples, or expert opinions that support the claim. Also, it lends credibility by strengthening the writer’s position.

3. Counterarguments

Presenting a counterclaim demonstrates fairness and awareness of alternative perspectives.

4. Rebuttal

After presenting the counterclaim, the writer refutes it by offering counterarguments or providing evidence that weakens the opposing viewpoint. It shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is prepared to defend their position.

The format of an argumentative essay typically follows the structure to ensure clarity and effectiveness in presenting an argument.

How to Write An Argumentative Essay

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an argumentative essay:

1. Introduction

• Begin with a compelling sentence or question to grab the reader’s attention.
• Provide context for the issue, including relevant facts, statistics, or historical background.
• Provide a concise thesis statement to present your position on the topic.

2. Body Paragraphs (usually three or more)

• Start each paragraph with a clear and focused topic sentence that relates to your thesis statement.
• Furthermore, provide evidence and explain the facts, statistics, examples, expert opinions, and quotations from credible sources that supports your thesis.
• Use transition sentences to smoothly move from one point to the next.

3. Counterargument and Rebuttal

• Acknowledge opposing viewpoints or potential objections to your argument.
• Also, address these counterarguments with evidence and explain why they do not weaken your position.

4. Conclusion

• Restate your thesis statement and summarize the key points you’ve made in the body of the essay.
• Leave the reader with a final thought, call to action, or broader implication related to the topic.

5. Citations and References

• Properly cite all the sources you use in your essay using a consistent citation style.
• Also, include a bibliography or works cited at the end of your essay.

6. Formatting and Style

• Follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your instructor or institution.
• Use a professional and academic tone in your writing and edit your essay to avoid content, spelling and grammar mistakes .

Remember that the specific requirements for formatting an argumentative essay may vary depending on your instructor’s guidelines or the citation style you’re using (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Always check the assignment instructions or style guide for any additional requirements or variations in formatting.

Did you understand what Prof. Mitchell explained Alex? Check it now!

Fill the Details to Check Your Score

Prof. Mitchell continued, “An argumentative essay can adopt various approaches when dealing with opposing perspectives. It may offer a balanced presentation of both sides, providing equal weight to each, or it may advocate more strongly for one side while still acknowledging the existence of opposing views.” As Alex listened carefully to the Professor’s thoughts, his eyes fell on a page with examples of argumentative essay.

Example of an Argumentative Essay

Alex picked the book and read the example. It helped him to understand the concept. Furthermore, he could now connect better to the elements and steps of the essay which Prof. Mitchell had mentioned earlier. Aren’t you keen to know how an argumentative essay should be like? Here is an example of a well-crafted argumentative essay , which was read by Alex. After Alex finished reading the example, the professor turned the page and continued, “Check this page to know the importance of writing an argumentative essay in developing skills of an individual.”

Importance of an Argumentative Essay

After understanding the benefits, Alex was convinced by the ability of the argumentative essays in advocating one’s beliefs and favor the author’s position. Alex asked,

“How are argumentative essays different from the other types?”

Prof. Mitchell answered, “Argumentative essays differ from other types of essays primarily in their purpose, structure, and approach in presenting information. Unlike expository essays, argumentative essays persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action on a controversial issue. Furthermore, they differ from descriptive essays by not focusing vividly on describing a topic. Also, they are less engaging through storytelling as compared to the narrative essays.

Alex said, “Given the direct and persuasive nature of argumentative essays, can you suggest some strategies to write an effective argumentative essay?

Turning the pages of the book, Prof. Mitchell replied, “Sure! You can check this infographic to get some tips for writing an argumentative essay.”

Effective Strategies to Write an Argumentative Essay

As days turned into weeks, Alex diligently worked on his essay. He researched, gathered evidence, and refined his thesis. It was a long and challenging journey, filled with countless drafts and revisions.

Finally, the day arrived when Alex submitted their essay. As he clicked the “Submit” button, a sense of accomplishment washed over him. He realized that the argumentative essay, while challenging, had improved his critical thinking and transformed him into a more confident writer. Furthermore, Alex received feedback from his professor, a mix of praise and constructive criticism. It was a humbling experience, a reminder that every journey has its obstacles and opportunities for growth.

Frequently Asked Questions

An argumentative essay can be written as follows- 1. Choose a Topic 2. Research and Collect Evidences 3. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement 4. Outline Your Essay- Introduction, Body Paragraphs and Conclusion 5. Revise and Edit 6. Format and Cite Sources 7. Final Review

One must choose a clear, concise and specific statement as a claim. It must be debatable and establish your position. Avoid using ambiguous or unclear while making a claim. To strengthen your claim, address potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. Additionally, use persuasive language and rhetoric to make your claim more compelling

Starting an argument essay effectively is crucial to engage your readers and establish the context for your argument. Here’s how you can start an argument essay are: 1. Begin With an Engaging Hook 2. Provide Background Information 3. Present Your Thesis Statement 4. Briefly Outline Your Main 5. Establish Your Credibility

The key features of an argumentative essay are: 1. Clear and Specific Thesis Statement 2. Credible Evidence 3. Counterarguments 4. Structured Body Paragraph 5. Logical Flow 6. Use of Persuasive Techniques 7. Formal Language

An argumentative essay typically consists of the following main parts or sections: 1. Introduction 2. Body Paragraphs 3. Counterargument and Rebuttal 4. Conclusion 5. References (if applicable)

The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a particular viewpoint or position on a controversial or debatable topic. In other words, the primary goal of an argumentative essay is to convince the audience that the author's argument or thesis statement is valid, logical, and well-supported by evidence and reasoning.

Great article! The topic is simplified well! Keep up the good work

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Guest Essay

The Fantasy of Reviving Nuclear Energy

By Stephanie Cooke

Ms. Cooke is a former editor of Nuclear Intelligence Weekly and the author of “In Mortal Hands: A Cautionary History of the Nuclear Age.”

World leaders are not unaware of the nuclear industry’s long history of failing to deliver on its promises or of its weakening vital signs. Yet many continue to act as if a nuclear renaissance could be around the corner, even though nuclear energy’s share of global electricity generation has fallen by almost half from its high of roughly 17 percent in 1996.

In search of that revival, representatives from more than 30 countries gathered in Brussels in March at a nuclear summit hosted by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Belgian government. Thirty-four nations, including the United States and China, agreed “to work to fully unlock the potential of nuclear energy,” including extending the lifetimes of existing reactors, building nuclear power plants and deploying advanced reactors.

Yet even as they did so, there was an acknowledgment of the difficulty of their undertaking. “Nuclear technology can play an important role in the clean energy transition,” Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, told summit attendees. But she added that “the reality today, in most markets, is a reality of a slow but steady decline in market share” for nuclear power.

The numbers underscore that downturn. Solar and wind power together began outperforming nuclear power globally in 2021, and that trend continues as nuclear staggers along. Solar alone added more than 400 gigawatts of capacity worldwide last year, two-thirds more than the previous year. That’s more than the roughly 375 gigawatts of combined capacity of the world’s 415 nuclear reactors, which remained relatively unchanged last year. At the same time, investment in energy storage technology is rapidly accelerating. In 2023, BloombergNEF reported that investors for the first time put more money into stationary energy storage than they did into nuclear.

Still, the drumbeat for nuclear power has become pronounced. At the United Nations climate conference in Dubai in December, the Biden administration persuaded two dozen countries to pledge to triple their nuclear energy capacity by 2050. Those countries included allies of the United States with troubled nuclear programs, most notably France , Britain , Japan and South Korea , whose nuclear bureaucracies will be propped up by the declaration as well as the domestic nuclear industries they are trying to save.

“We are not making the argument to anybody that this is absolutely going to be a sweeping alternative to every other energy source,” John Kerry, the Biden administration climate envoy at the time, said. “But we know because the science and the reality of facts and evidence tell us that you can’t get to net zero 2050 without some nuclear.”

That view has gained traction with energy planners in Eastern Europe who see nuclear as a means of replacing coal, and several countries — including Canada, Sweden, Britain and France — are pushing to extend the operating lifetimes of existing nuclear plants or build additional ones. Some see smaller or more advanced reactors as a means of providing electricity in remote areas or as a means of decarbonizing sectors such as heat, industry and transportation.

So far, most of this remains in early stages, with only three nuclear reactors under construction in Western Europe, two in Britain and one in France, each more than a decade behind schedule. Of the approximately 54 other reactors under construction worldwide as of March, 23 are in China, seven are in India, and three are in Russia, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency. The total is less than a quarter of the 234 reactors under construction in the peak year of 1979, although 48 of those were later suspended or abandoned.

Even if you agree with Mr. Kerry’s argument, and many energy experts do not, pledging to triple nuclear capacity by 2050 is a little like promising to win the lottery. For the United States, it would mean adding 200 gigawatts of nuclear operating capacity (almost double what the country has ever built) to the current 100 gigawatts or so, generated by more than 90 commercial reactors that have been running an average of 42 years. Globally it would mean tripling the existing capacity built over the past 70 years in less than half that time, in addition to replacing reactors that will shut down before 2050.

The Energy Department estimates the total cost of such an effort in the United States at roughly $700 billion. But David Schlissel , a director at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis , has calculated that the two new reactors at the Vogtle plant in Georgia — the only new reactors built in the United States in a generation — on average, cost $21.2 billion per gigawatt in today’s dollars. Using that figure as a yardstick, the cost of building 200 gigawatts of new capacity would be far higher: at least $4 trillion, or $6 trillion if you count the additional cost of replacing existing reactors as they age out.

For much less money and in less time, the world could reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the use of renewables like solar, wind, hydropower and geothermal power and by transmitting, storing and using electricity more efficiently. A recent analysis by the German Environment Agency examined multiple global climate scenarios in which Paris climate agreement targets are met, and it found that renewable energy “is the crucial and primary driver.”

The logic of this approach was attested to at the climate meeting in Dubai, where more than 120 countries signed a more realistic commitment to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030.

There’s a certain inevitability about the U.S. Energy Department’s latest push for more nuclear energy. An agency predecessor, the Atomic Energy Commission, brought us Atoms for Peace under President Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s in a bid to develop the peaceful side of the atom, hoping it would gain public acceptance of an expanding arsenal of nuclear weapons while supplying electricity too cheap to meter.

Fast-forward 70 years, and you hear a variation on the same theme. Most notably, Ernest Moniz, the energy secretary under President Barack Obama, argues that a vibrant commercial nuclear sector is necessary to sustain U.S. influence in nuclear weapons nonproliferation efforts and global strategic stability. As a policy driver, this argument might explain in part why the government continues to push nuclear power as a climate solution, despite its enormous cost and lengthy delivery time.

China and Russia are conspicuously absent from the list of signatories to the Dubai pledge to triple nuclear power, although China signed the declaration in Brussels. China’s nuclear program is growing faster than that of any other country, and Russia dominates the global export market for reactors with projects in countries new to commercial nuclear energy, such as Turkey, Egypt and Bangladesh, as well as Iran.

Pledges and declarations on a global stage allow world leaders a platform to be seen to be doing something to address climate change, even if, as is the case with nuclear, they lack the financing and infrastructure to succeed. But their support most likely means that substantial sums of money — much of it from taxpayers and ratepayers — will be wasted on perpetuating the fantasy that nuclear energy will make a difference in a meaningful time frame to slow global warming.

The U.S. government is already poised to spend billions of dollars building small modular and advanced reactors and keeping aging large ones running. But two such small reactor projects based on conventional technologies have already failed. Which raises the question: Will future projects based on far more complex technologies be more viable? Money for such projects — provided mainly under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act — could be redirected in ways that do more for the climate and do it faster, particularly if planned new nuclear projects fail to materialize.

There is already enough potential generation capacity in the United States seeking access to the grid to come close to achieving President Biden’s 2035 goal of a zero-carbon electricity sector, and 95 percent of it is solar, battery storage and wind. But these projects face a hugely constrained transmission system, regulatory and financial roadblocks and entrenched utility interests, enough to prevent many of them from ever providing electricity, according to a report released last year by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Even so, existing transmission capacity can be doubled by retrofitting transmission lines with advanced conductors, which would offer at least a partial way out of the gridlock for renewables, in addition to storage, localized distribution and improved management of supply and demand.

What’s missing are leaders willing to buck their own powerful nuclear bureaucracies and choose paths that are far cheaper, less dangerous and quicker to deploy. Without them, we are doomed to more promises and wasteful spending by nuclear proponents who have repeatedly shown that they can talk but can’t deliver.

Stephanie Cooke is a former editor of Nuclear Intelligence Weekly and the author of “In Mortal Hands: A Cautionary History of the Nuclear Age.”

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