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BBS 4th Year Project Report Writing Guideline - Tribhuvan University FOM

Article 18 Sep 2022 25832 0

BBS 4th Year Project Report Writing Guideline - Tribhuvan University FOM: The purpose of this document is to provide basic guidelines to the students, supervisors, research committee, and other associated persons on some important aspects of writing, supervising and evaluating the project work report prepared for the course MGT 401: Final Project.

This document consists of (1) brief introduction to the project work report writing and its learning outcomes, (2) the responsibilities to be followed by the students, the supervisors, and the Research Committee of respective campuses/ colleges, (3) guidelines for preparing a project work, (4) the evaluation of the project work report, and (5) appendices (format of the project work report).

Introduction and Learning Outcomes

Writing a project work report is an essential academic requirement for the fourth year BBS students. This is a study-enterprise for independent leaning from field based activities. It gives students an opportunity to enquire into real business practices and relate it with the theory they have learnt so far. In this process, the student will, first of all, choose a business unit for the study; and may confine in one of its functional departments. Then they will collect data, organize and present them in a logical order, analyze and draw conclusion from the analysis. Thus, they are expected to gain firsthand experience with the business environment and the way a business unit operates its business. Finally, they will prepare a formal report in a prescribed format reflecting their knowledge and experience of the project work and submit it to the Research Department of the concerned campus/ college for evaluation.

After completing the project work, the student is expected to:

• be familiar with the environment of the business unit/ events/ place, etc with which s/he was involved/ associated with,
• understand the functioning the business unit,
• identify an issue or problem for investigation,
• identify relevant literature and appropriately review, cite and list them in bibliography,
• collect relevant data on the problem or issues for analysis,
• present data in a systematic and meaningful order,
• apply correct tools and techniques of data analysis,
• analyze the data and draw conclusions,
• prepare a report in a clear, concise and logical manner, and
• prepare a formal academic report by following format provided by the Faculty of Management.

Responsibilities of Students, Supervisors and Research Committee

Students are fully and solely responsible for writing and editing the project work report of acceptable quality by meeting all requirements of the Faculty of Management.

Specifically, the students shall have the following responsibilities for the project work report writing.

• To prepare a project work proposal within one month of the beginning of the session in consultation with major/concentration subject teacher, and get formal approval from the campus/college level research committee after needful revisions suggested by the committee.
• To work closely with the concerned supervisor, campus/college level research committee chair and other members as needed, keeping the supervisor regularly informed of progress.
• In case students desire to change the scope of the approved project work, students shall have to obtain a formal approval from supervisor and the research committee prior to making any change in the scope of the project work.
• To comply with all procedures, format requirements and the University rules and regulations regarding the project work.
• To ensure that the project work has sufficient evidence of originality, appropriate organization and format, and thorough documentation.
• To use correct formatting and accuracy of quotations and literature citations.
• To make corrections and revisions as many times as suggested by the concerned supervisor and the research committee.
• To proofread the whole document, including acknowledgements, references, and appendices.
• To ensure that project work report has met the format requirements as provided by the Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University.
• To get recommendation from the supervisor and submit the final report (three copies) to the research committee.
• To take primary responsibility to stay informed about notifications and deadlines issued by the research committee, the campus/college and Office of the Controller of Examinations, TU. (No exceptions shall be made for missed deadlines or late submission of project work report).

Supervisors

The supervisor is responsible for the following.

• To familiarize themselves with this project work policy and format requirements, and deadlines that affect students, and bring into their notice from time to time.
• To sincerely advise students on improvements to organization, form, content, and expression of material.
• the document is well-written, which includes writing and format as well as the overall quality of the project work report,
• it is an accurate description of the work performed, o it is an original and worthwhile contribution by the student, and
• the suggestions made by the supervisor and the research committee have been incorporated into the final document.

Research Committee and its Chair

Although students shall have the primary responsibility for writing and submitting the project work report, the research committee and its chair shall have the responsibility to thoroughly implement this project work procedure and format requirements. The committee or its Chair will be responsible for the following.

• To formulate necessary policy, procedures, and guidelines for the effective implementation of the project work report writing assignment of the students,
• To organize an orientation program for the students on the purpose of the project work and any other topic useful to the students such as selection of the organization/topic, proposal writing, project work report writing, etc.
• To prepare a list of supervisors based on defined criteria.
• To appoint a supervisor for each student.
• To develop evaluation policy and criteria.
• To resolve any disagreements between students and concerned supervisors.
• the suggestions made by the concerned supervisor and the research committee have been incorporated into the final document.

Guidelines for Preparing a Project Work Report

The following guidelines have been provided for the preparation of a project work report.

Use only white, 8-by-11-inch paper of good quality.

Project work reports are typed in Times New Roman using 12-point characters. However, the students may reduce the font size within tables or figures to fit within the margins.

Spacing and Justification

The text must be 1.5-spaced, except for quoted passages that may be indented and single-spaced for emphasis and within the Table of Contents or List of Figures/Tables when a heading or caption title wraps to a second line. Text must be justified (align text to both the left and right margins).

Leave uniform margins of at least 1 in. (2.54 cm) at the top, bottom, left, and right of every page. Combined with a uniform typeface and font size, uniform margins enhance readability and provide a consistent gauge for estimating report length.

Page Numbers

The preliminary pages (preceding the first main section) must have lowercase Roman numerals starting with the declaration page that is numbered “ ii ”. The title page is unnumbered, but the implied number is “ i ”. The lowercase Roman numerals are placed within the footer (bottom center).

The first page of text (Introduction) uses the Arabic number “1” and pages thereafter carry consecutive

Arabic numbers, including the pages in the Appendices and References. Arabic numbers are positioned in the upper right-hand corner, one inch from the top and one inch in from the right edge of the paper.

Headings and Subheadings

The following is a general heading level outline to be used. Each new primary heading must start on a new page.

 HEADING LEVEL ONE

The primary heading or heading level one is center justified, and all upper case. Triple space to text.

 Heading Level Two

Heading level two is left aligned; the first letter of each major word is capitalized, and has spacing set at 12 point before and 18 points after.

 Heading level three

Heading level three is left aligned; the font is underlined and in sentence case. There is a double space to the following text.

 Heading level four (paragraph heading). This heading is indented with the paragraph. The font is underlined and in sentence case. The heading ends with a period.

Layout of Preliminary Pages

The project report includes preliminary pages in the following order – the declaration, supervisor's recommendation, endorsement, acknowledgments, table of contents, list of tables, list of figures, and abbreviations.

Title Page: the title page is assumed to be page “ i ” but is not numbered. The title is typed in all upper cases. All text on the title page is center justified. ( See Appendix A: Title page)

Declaration: students’ declaration about the originality of work. (See Appendix B: Declaration)

Supervisor’s Recommendation: a recommendation letter from the supervisor for approval of the project work report. (See Appendix C: Supervisor’s Recommendation)

Endorsement: an endorsement letter from the research committee chair to the TU Office of the

Controller of Examinations, Kathmandu. (See Appendix D: Endorsement)

Acknowledgments: acknowledge them who have really helped you to prepare the project work report.

Table of Contents: Double space down from heading. Insert table of contents. All headings and

subheadings are capitalized and punctuated exactly as they are in the text. The table of contents is double-spaced except when a heading or caption wraps to a second line. (See Appendix E: Table of Content) List of Tables : Triple space down from heading.

List of Figures : Triple space down from heading.

Abbreviations: List of abbreviations and acronyms in alphabetical order.

Appendices (if applicable): Triple space down from heading.

Format of the Main Body of Project Work Report:

A project work report shall have the following three chapters.

Chapter 1 - Introduction: background; profile of the organization, events, activities, etc; objectives of the study; rational; method of the study; review of literature; limitations of the study.

Chapter 2 - Results and Analysis: presentation of results and findings of project work.

Chapter 3 – Summary and Conclusion – a brief summary of the report, and a conclusion based

on the findings of the report.

Bibliography: includes all sources used in the study, using APA format for citation. (Visit Website:

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/08/)

Appendices: Include material too detailed or lengthy for inclusion in the body of the study (e.g., questionnaires, maps, photos, and letters of permission). Each appendix shall have to be labeled alphabeticall y.

Length of the Project Report : The length of the Project Report will be around 8,000 to 10,000 words (approximately 30 – 35 pages). The length is exclusive of the materials included in the preliminary section and appendixes.

Download: BBS 4th Year Project Report Writing Guideline.Pdf

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BBS 4th year Project Work Format and Supervisors list

BBS (4TH YEAR) PROJECT REPORT WRITING

Format of the Main Body of Project Work Report

A project work report shall have the following three chapters:

Chapter 1 - Introduction: background; profile of the organization, events, activities, etc; objectives of the study; rational; method of the study; review of literature; limitations of the study.

Chapter 2 - Results and Analysis: presentation of results and findings of project work.

Chapter 3 – Summary and Conclusion – a brief summary of the report, and conclusion based on the findings of the report.

Bibliography: includes all sources used in the study, using APA-6 format for citation. Student should search and list out at least 10 references.

Appendices: Include material too detailed or lengthy for inclusion in the body of the study (e.g., questionnaires, maps, photos, and letters of permission). Each appendix shall have to be labeled alphabeticall y.

Length of the Project Report : The length of the Project Report will be around 8,000 to 10,000 words (approximately 30 – 35 pages). The length is exclusive of the materials included in the preliminary section and appendixes.

• Note: Students must download and follow " GUIDELINES FOR BBS (4TH YEAR) PROJECT REPORT WRITING 2017"   (http:// www.shankerdevcampus.edu.np)

Specimen only

Data can be presented in tables. APA format should be followed to present a table as shown below:

Data may also be presented in the diagram, charts, graphs, photographs and drawings (Figures).

According to APA format, a diagram is presented as follows:

This is to inform all the BBS 4th year students who have submitted Project Work Proposal for 2078 Examination to contact respective Project Work Report Supervisor as following:

     Group: Finance

 Group: Account

    Group: Marketing

     Assistant Campus Chief

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BBS 4th Year all subjects Notes

We have TU BBS 4th Year all subjects Notes. Subjects of BBS notes are Fundamentals of investments, Foundations of financial markets and institutions, fundamentals of corporate finance, Entrepreneurship and Enterprise development & Business Research Methods. These are the notes of finance groups.

Following are the subject wise notes. You can download by clicking in respective subject.

1. Fundamentals of investments Notes PDF: CLICK HERE

2. Foundations of financial markets and institutions Notes PDF: CLICK HERE

3. Foundations of corporate finance notes pdf: CLICK HERE

4. Entrepreneurship and Enterprise development Notes PDF: CLICK HERE

5. Business Research Methods Notes PDF: CLICK HERE

If you are BBS 4th year BBS students of Finance groups than these notes can be useful for you. Downloads all the notes and prepare for your exam. There is all the necessary notes required for the exam. We have tried to touch all the chapter of the each and every subjects. Project proposal, project reports, old question answer, numerical, etc. are available with us.

If you have or need other notes as well as projects reports than you can contact us. For more information join us in Facebook: CLICK HERE

Other Important Links:

1. BBS 4th year All subject syllabus: CLICK HERE

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Research thesis for BBS 4th year (TU Account Group)

"RATIO ANALYSIS OF JANAKALYAN MULTIPURPOSE CO-OPERATIVE LIMITED" SUNUWAL

1.1.          Introduction of the study

Ratio analysis is a form of financial statement analysis that is used to obtain a quick indication of firm's financial performance .It is one of such a tools in hand who wants to know something more from the financial statement in the simplified manner .It is widely used tools of financial analysis which helps to know weakness of a firm's as well as its historical performance and current financial condition of any organization so, it is necessary tools to every firm. Ratio analysis also helps in inter-firm's performance comparison of different department and finds if any planning is needed for its effectiveness.

Liquidity is defined as the ability of a company to meet its financial obligation as they come due. The liquidity ratio, then, is a computation that is used to measure a company's ability to pay its short term debts. There are two common calculations that fall under the category of liquidity ratios. The current ratio is the most liberal of the two. It is followed by the acid-test ratio. These two ratios are often grouped together by financial analysis when attempting to accurately measure the liquidity of a company.

Profitability analysis is a component of enterprise resources planning (ERP) that allows administrators to forecast the profitability of a proposal or optimize the profitability of an existing project. Profitability analysis can anticipate sales & profit potential specific to aspects of the market such as, customer age group, geographic regions or product types. It helps to identify the most and least profitable clients, products or services.

Profitability and liquidity are two important variables which gives information about the performance of any business entity. For long term survival and healthy growth both profitability and liquidity should go parallel to each other .Profitability is one of the major goals of any business, without being profitable it is not possible for business to survive and the business need short-term funds to fulfill its day to day needs in operations and other requirements . So, the liquidity tells about the business capacity to meet short term needs of funds by the business and the profitability tells about the profit generated from the operation of business.

In the modern age business has to face difficult challenges and competition. To overcome such challenges and competition, different analysis should be done among them financial analysis provides meaningful information about the financial aspects of the business. It is the process of identifying the financial strength and weakness of the firm by properly establishing relationship between them i.e. Balance sheet & income statement.

The reason to choose this title is that many studies have been conducted in past to find the tradeoff between profitability and liquidity, and there is a huge variation in this results. The purpose of the research is know the relationship between two ratio of the financial statements i.e. profitability and liquidity .The relation is measured by current ratio, quick ratio, Net working capital, Gross profit margin ratio, Net profit margin ratio.

Saving and Credit co-operatives can be the link that will give rural business access to credit at cost for lower than interest rates currently charged by money lenders. People do not have the habit of saving as well as knowledge of financial institution. To get rid from such problems, different cooperative have been established .Among them Janakalyan Multipurpose Co-operative limited is the one established on 2057 B.S as per Directives of division cooperative limited. It is situated in Sunuwal-06,Nawalparasi. There are 1586share shareholders and the share amount is Rs. 1,31,67,100. Loan facility is given to people at 13-14% interest annually. People deposits their money at saving interest 8% annually, people deposits money on daily basis and monthly basis. Fertilizer to poor farmers is also distributed at low costs.

1.2.          Review of Literature

Review of Literature is thus, an essential part of all research studies. It is a way to discover what other research in the area of our problems has uncovered. A critical review of the literature will helps us to know or develop through understanding and insight it into previous research works that relates to our study. The literature survey will also provides the function for developing a comprehensive theoretical framework from which hypothesis can be develop for testing. The literature survey also maximize the risk of pursuing dead-ends in research. Advantages of reviewing the literature apply to the design of our project. Designing a study involves several decisions as to what variables to include and how to measure them, what techniques to use and so on.

According to Wixonkell and Bedford (1996), "a ratio is an expression of the quantitative relationship between two numbers.”

Ratio is the expression of one figures in terms of another's. It is the expression of the relationship of the mutually independent figures, it is simple mathematical expression of the relationship of one item to another. Absolute figure alone convey no meaning unless they are interrelated to exist among various accounting data.

Kehler (1999) defines ratio as "a ratio is the relationship of amount to another expressed as the ration of as a simple fraction integer, decimal fraction of percentage."

Therefore, ratio refers to the numerical or quantitative relationship between two numbers.

1.3.          Statement of the problems

Ratio is the expression of one figure in terms of another .It is the expression of the relationship between the mutually independent figures. It is simple mathematical expression of the relationship of one item to another. Absolute figure anyone convey no meaning unless they are compared with past research. According to ratios, It shows the interrelationship existed among various accounting data.

1.       What are the Liquidity positions of the firm­ ­ ?

2.       What are the profitability positions of the firm?

3.       What is the financial position of firm from the view point of liquidity and profitability?

1.4.          Objectives of the study.

A field work report will be meaningless without having any objectives. So, the basic objectives of financial analysis is to provide meaningful financial information to these who have need of it and legitimate interest and right to have such information for decision making.The various objectives are enumerated below:

1.       To evaluate different ratios of past 5 years.

2.       To analyzed the liquidity ratio of the firm.

3.       To identify the profitability ratio of the firm.            

4.       To analyzed the financial position of the firm.

5.       To analyzed the financial position of the firm from the viewpoint of liquidity and profitability.

1.5.          Significance of the study .

Nowadays many Banks & Financial Institutions are established all over the country. In these situations institutional services are significant to develop the country by providing loans and credit facilities.

1.       This study helps to know how well the resources of financial institutions.

2.       To analyze the current situation of the financial institutions.

3.       This study helps to analyze liquidity and profitability and manage them well.

4.       This study provides bases for planning.

5.       By the help of this study, financial institutions can give quick financial decisions.

1.6.          Methodology of the study.

The research methodology is the process of arriving to the solution of the problem through and systematic dealing with the collection, analysis and interpretation of facts and figures. As this research entirely considers about, the Ratio Analysis of Janakalyan Multipurpose Co-operative Limited.Sunuwl-06.For the purpose of achieving the objective the following methodology has been proposed to follow, which included research design, collection of data, presentation and analysis technique.

1.6.1.   Research design

For preparing this report, descriptive research design is used. Data are collected from only secondary method, because this method is easily available. The following methodology is adopted for the data presentation and analysis.

1.6.2.   Data Collection Methods.

In this report writing most of the required data are secondary data.

Published Information of Organization

Under this method, the necessary accounts of the company published will be analyzed to gather necessary information. Annual Reports, Financial statements, Official Records, Published Books, Official Website etc. will be used to collect the data.

Previous Fieldwork Report Search

Previous report for the same financial institutions will be consulted and gathered necessary information.

1.6.3.   Techniques of Data Analysis.

After collecting the data, it will be analyzed; it is measured by following tools:

1.       Trend Analysis

2.       Bar Diagram

3.       Table

4.       Average

5.       Percentage

6.       Different Ratios

1.7. Limitation of the study.

2.       All data will be Secondary Nature.

3.       This report studies only few Ratios.

4.       The data will be used from F/Y 2070/71 to 2074/075.

5.       Report will be based on T.U Requirement of BBS 4 th Year.

6.       Limited tools and techniques are used for data analysis.

1.8.          Time Allotment.

The time allotment for writing this report will be as follows:

1.9.          References.

The lists of all references as on this field work are.

·          Dangol, R.M. (2059), Accounting for financial Analysis and planning, Kathmandu; Taleju Publication

·          Joshi, P.R. (2061B.S), Corporate Finance, Kathmandu; Book Publisher and Distributers.

·          Agrawal, G.R (2003), Project Management in Nepal, Kathmandu; M.K Publisher and Distributors.

·          Hornby, A.S.(1996), Advance Learner Dictionary, Oxford University.

1.10.     Report Structure.

The present study has been organized into five chapters. They are Whole report summarized by listed below.

Chapter-I: Introduction

The first chapter includes background of the study, statement of the problems, objectives, rationale and limitation of the study.

Chapter-II: Related Literature Review

The second chapter included conceptual review, review of previous works and research gap.

Chapter-III: Research Methodology

The third chapter includes types of research, research design, nature of data, types of data, population and sample, data collection and analysis technique and report structure.

Chapter-IV: Results and Findings .

The fourth chapter includes presentation of data in tables and figure and their analysis and major findings.

Chapter-V: Discussion and Conclusion .

The fifth chapter includes discussion and conclusion.

Lastly, references and appendices are added at the end of this report.

Susmita Paudel

An administrative professional in Nepal with having "we can" attitude. She love to share what she has learned.

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