ecology research

Ecology Research News

Top headlines, latest headlines.

• Plastic Toys in Guts of Dead Sea Turtles
• New Threat to Endangered Lizards: Snakes
• Microbes Impact Coral Bleaching Susceptibility
• Marine Algae Implants Could Boost Crop Yields
• Loss of Nature: High Cost
• 'Full Recovery' of Reef Growth Within 4 Years
• Displaced Herbivores Threaten Seagrass Meadows
• Fossils of Giant Sea Lizard With Dagger-Teeth
• Forensics: Ascertaining 'Time of Death'
• Microbial Ecosystems

Earlier Headlines

Saturday, march 2, 2024.

• Orcas Demonstrating They No Longer Need to Hunt in Packs to Take Down the Great White Shark

Thursday, February 29, 2024

• Lake Ecosystems: Nitrogen Has Been Underestimated
• Genetic Research Revealed Several New Fern Species in Tropical America

Wednesday, February 28, 2024

• Study Reveals Accelerated Soil Priming Under Climate Warming
• Study Finds Drought Fuels Invasive Species After Wildfires
• Creepy Crawlies Protect Apples When Flowers Are Planted on Farms

Tuesday, February 27, 2024

• Extinctions Could Result as Fish Change Foraging Behavior in Response to Rising Temperatures

Thursday, February 22, 2024

• Side Effects of Wide Scale Forestation Could Reduce Carbon Removal Benefits by Up to a Third
• Mice Surprise: Researchers Discover New Native Species

Wednesday, February 21, 2024

• Butterfly and Moth Genomes Mostly Unchanged Despite 250 Million Years of Evolution

Tuesday, February 20, 2024

• 'The Future Is Fungal': New Research Finds That Fungi That Live in Healthy Plants Are Sensitive to Climate Change
• Nature's Checkup: Surveying Biodiversity With Environmental DNA Sequencing
• Spy-Satellite Images Offer Insights Into Historical Ecosystem Changes
• Giant New Snake Species Identified in the Amazon

Sunday, February 18, 2024

• Giant Antarctic Sea Spiders Reproductive Mystery Solved

Friday, February 16, 2024

• Online Digital Data and AI for Monitoring Biodiversity

Thursday, February 15, 2024

• Reforestation Programs Could Threaten Vast Area of Tropical Grasslands
• Big New Idea Introduced With the Help of Tiny Plankton
• Researchers Shed Light on River Resiliency to Flooding

Wednesday, February 14, 2024

• Cold-Water Coral Traps Itself on Mountains in the Deep Sea
• Is the Amazon Forest Approaching a Tipping Point?

Tuesday, February 13, 2024

• Joro Spiders Well-Poised to Populate Cities

Monday, February 12, 2024

• Global Deforestation Leads to More Mercury Pollution

Friday, February 9, 2024

• Alien Invasion: Non-Native Earthworms Threaten Ecosystems

Tuesday, February 6, 2024

• How Kelp Forests Persisted Through the Large 2014-2016 Pacific Marine Heatwave
• Complex Tree Canopies Help Forests Recover from Moderate-Severity Disturbances
• Apex Predators Not a Quick Fix for Restoring Ecosystems

Monday, February 5, 2024

• Small but Mighty -- Study Highlights the Abundance and Importance of the Ocean's Tiniest Inhabitants
• How Food Availability Could Catalyze Cultural Transmission in Wild Orangutans

Friday, February 2, 2024

• Plant Groupings in Drylands Support Ecosystem Resilience
• Scammed! Animals 'led by the Nose' To Leave Plants Alone

Wednesday, January 31, 2024

• Discovery of a Third RNA Virus Linage in Extreme Environments Jan 17, 2024

Thursday, January 25, 2024

• Diverse Forests Are Best at Standing Up to Storms

Wednesday, January 24, 2024

• Microplastics May Be Accumulating Rapidly in Endangered Galápagos Penguins' Food Web
• The Complexity of Forests Cannot Be Explained by Simple Mathematical Rules, Study Finds

Tuesday, January 23, 2024

• A New Perspective on the Temperature Inside Tropical Forests

Monday, January 22, 2024

• Wolves and Elk Are (Mostly) Welcome Back in Poland and Germany's Oder Delta Region, Survey Shows

Thursday, January 18, 2024

• Translating Nuclear Waste Site Data Into Microbial Ecosystem Insights

Tuesday, January 16, 2024

• Climate Change Threatens Global Forest Carbon Sequestration, Study Finds
• Pacific Kelp Forests Are Far Older That We Thought

Friday, January 12, 2024

• Human Activity Facilitates Invasive Plants' Colonization in Mediterranean Ecosystems

Wednesday, January 10, 2024

• Red Deer Populations in Europe: More Influenced by Humans Than by Wolves and Other Predators
• 'Carbon Vault' Peat Suffers Greatly from Drought
• Scientists Name the Most Common Tropical Tree Species
• In Hot Water: Coral Resilience in the Face of Climate Change

Monday, January 8, 2024

• Global Study of Extreme Drought Impacts on Grasslands and Shrublands

Thursday, January 4, 2024

• Conflict in Full Swing: Forest Bats Avoid Large Areas Around Fast-Moving Wind Turbines
• Male Southern Elephant Seals Are Picky Eaters
• The Choreography Connecting Kelp Forests to the Beach

Wednesday, January 3, 2024

• Microbial Awakening Restructures High-Latitude Food Webs as Permafrost Thaws

Thursday, December 21, 2023

• How Technology and Economics Can Help Save Endangered Species

Wednesday, December 20, 2023

• Research Offers a Reason Why Diversity in Plant Species Causes Higher Farming Yield, Solving 'a Bit of a Mystery'

Tuesday, December 19, 2023

• Study Uncovers Major Hidden Human-Driven Bird Extinctions

Monday, December 18, 2023

• Some Coral Species Might Be More Resilient to Climate Change Than Previously Thought
• Hotter Weather Caused by Climate Change Could Mean More Mosquitoesv
• 15 Most Pressing Issues for Conservation, Including Invertebrate Decline and Changing Marine Ecosystems
• Ecosystem Benefits to Humanity Expected to Decline by 9% by 2100

Thursday, December 14, 2023

• Move Over Blitzen: Geese Outpace Reindeer Impacts on Arctic Ecosystems
• AI Provides More Accurate Analysis of Prehistoric and Modern Animals, Painting Picture of Ancient World

Wednesday, December 13, 2023

• Wildfires Also Impact Aquatic Ecosystems

Monday, December 11, 2023

• Underwater Architects: The 'burrowing Effect' Of Foraminifera on Marine Environments
• Have Researchers Found the Missing Link That Explains the Mysterious Phenomenon Known as Fairy Circles?

Friday, December 8, 2023

• Coral Reefs in Peril from Record-Breaking Ocean Heat

Wednesday, December 6, 2023

• Feathered Friends Can Become Unlikely Helpers for Tropical Coral Reefs Facing Climate Change Threat
• Greenhouse Gases in Oceans Are Altered by Climate Change Impact on Microbes

Monday, December 4, 2023

• Deep Sea Sensor Reveals That Corals Produce Reactive Oxygen Species
• Crocodile Family Tree Mapped: New Light Shed on Croc Evolution
• Decoding Flavonoid Metabolism: A Closer Look at Plant-Based Diets

Thursday, November 30, 2023

• Snake Skulls Show How Species Adapt to Prey
• Rare Ant Species Rediscovered in North Carolina Trees
• How Far Can the Wind Can Carry a Plant's Seeds? New Model

Tuesday, November 28, 2023

• Slash-and-Burn Agriculture Can Increase Forest Biodiversity, Researchers Find

Monday, November 27, 2023

• Deoxygenation Levels Similar to Today's Played a Major Role in Marine Extinctions During Major Past Climate Change Event

Thursday, November 23, 2023

• How Shipwrecks Are Providing a Refuge for Marine Life

Tuesday, November 21, 2023

• Deep-Sea Mining and Warming Trigger Stress in a Midwater Jellies

Monday, November 20, 2023

• Protect Delicate Polar Ecosystems by Mapping Biodiversity

Friday, November 17, 2023

• Idai Vs. Impalas: New Study Shows in Real-Time What Helps Mammals Survive a Natural Disaster
• Nature Photographers Posting to Social Media Help With Protecting Biodiversity

Thursday, November 16, 2023

• New Study Reveals Huge Potential for Future Waves of Invasive Species
• Plants That Survived Dinosaur Extinction Pulled Nitrogen from Air
• Forget Social Distancing: House Finches Become More Social When Sick

Wednesday, November 15, 2023

• New Scientific Study Reveals the Crucial Role of Herbivorous Fishes and Sea Urchins in Restoring Caribbean Coral Reefs

Tuesday, November 14, 2023

• Forecasting Microbiomes for Sustainability and Health

Monday, November 13, 2023

• Naturally Regrowing Forests Are Helping to Protect the Remaining Old Forests in the Amazon
• Diverse Forests Hold Huge Carbon Potential, as Long as We Cut Emissions
• Previously Unknown Luminescence Revealed in Ten Deep Sea Species and an Order of Sea Cucumbers

Wednesday, November 8, 2023

• A Fifth of European Red List Flora and Fauna Species May Be at Risk of Extinction
• Device 'smells' Seawater to Discover, Detect Novel Molecules
• Southern Alaska's National Forests Key to Meeting Climate, Conservation Goals
• Experts Predict 'catastrophic Ecosystem Collapse' Of UK Forests Within the Next 50 Years If Action Not Taken

Tuesday, November 7, 2023

• 'Biodiversity Time Machine' Provides Insights Into a Century of Loss

Monday, November 6, 2023

• City and Highway Lights Threaten Mountain Lion Habitats
• The Fascinating Relationship Between Mice and a Plant That Flowers Once a Century in Terms of Seed Dispersal
• New Algae Species Rewrites Understanding of Reef Systems
• Threatened Sharks and Rays Caught Off Cyprus
• Crust-Forming Algae Are Displacing Corals in Tropical Waters Worldwide

Friday, November 3, 2023

• Large Herbivores Such as Elephants, Bison and Moose Contribute to Tree Diversity

Thursday, November 2, 2023

• To Restore Ecosystems, Think About Thwarting Hungry Herbivores
• Investigators Examine Shifts in Coral Microbiome Under Hypoxia

Monday, October 30, 2023

• Amazon Deforestation Linked to Long Distance Climate Warming
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Strange & Offbeat

• Leafhopper Inspires Invisibility Devices
• AI Meet AI: Talk to Each Other
• Managing Anger: Breathe, Don't Vent
• Tanks of the Triassic
• Holographic Message Encoded in Simple Plastic
• Maybe Our Universe Has No Dark Matter
• A New World of 2D Material Is Opening Up
• Best Way to Memorize Stuff? It Depends...
• Chimp: Persistence of Mother-Child Play
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Trending Topics

How Wild Animals Actually Responded to Our COVID Lockdowns

The COVID lockdowns and the subsequent reemergence of humans had some surprising effects on wildlife beyond “nature is healing” tropes

Douglas Main

Leaving Pet Poop on the Sidewalk Isn’t Only Bad Manners—It’s Hazardous

Signs reminding pet owners to “curb" their dog and scoop their pet’s poop have been joined in some places by posted warnings that pet waste can spread disease

Julia Wuerz, The Conversation US

Why Do Dogs Wag Their Tail?

Is your dog’s tail-wagging a side effect of domestication, or did humans select for it?

Tom Metcalfe

Cleaning Water Naturally the Ancient Maya Way

The ancestral Maya lived in better harmony with the environment and kept water clean naturally. We can learn from them

Lisa J. Lucero

Lions Are Changing Their Hunting Strategy because of Ant Invasion

Big-headed ants are invading new territories in Kenya—and the consequences are rippling through the whole ecosystem, scientists have found

Meghan Bartels

Ocean Trawling May Release Locked-Away Carbon

Some scientists say the controversial fishing practice of ocean trawling stirs up buried organic matter, some of which makes its way to the surface in the form of carbon dioxide

Chelsea Harvey, E&E News

Which Lost Species May be Found Again? Huge Study Reveals Clues

There are 856 mammal, bird, amphibian and reptile species currently missing—but researchers continue to search

Daniel Shailer

Coast Redwoods Are Enduring, Adaptable Marvels

Redwoods, like all trees, are engineered marvels that offer life lessons about adapting over time

Daniel Lewis, The Conversation US

What’s Missing from the Emoji Animal Kingdom?

In the digital age, some scientists argue the emojisphere should better represent Earth’s biosphere—tardigrades, flatworms and all

Lauren Leffer

How a Parasitic Worm Forces Praying Mantises to Drown Themselves

Thieving worms may manipulate their prey with stolen genes

Darren Incorvaia

Turns Out Undersea Kelp Forests Are Crucial to Salmon

The beloved fish that feed orcas and humans depend on kelp forests’ unique habitat.

Starre Vartan

Wildfire Brought Wolves Back to Southern California after 150 Years

Wolves and other animals seeking easy meals and ideal habitat can flock into areas burned by wildfire

Adam Popescu

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Morgan S Tassone et al 2024 Environ. Res.: Ecology 3 015003

The direction and magnitude of tundra vegetation productivity trends inferred from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) have exhibited spatiotemporal heterogeneity over recent decades. This study examined the spatial and temporal drivers of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Max NDVI (a proxy for peak growing season aboveground biomass) and time-integrated (TI)-NDVI (a proxy for total growing season productivity) on the Yamal Peninsula, Siberia, Russia between 2001 and 2018. A suite of remotely-sensed environmental drivers and machine learning methods were employed to analyze this region with varying climatological conditions, landscapes, and vegetation communities to provide insight into the heterogeneity observed across the Arctic. Summer warmth index, the timing of snowmelt, and physiognomic vegetation unit best explained the spatial distribution of Max and TI-NDVI on the Yamal Peninsula, with the highest mean Max and TI-NDVI occurring where summer temperatures were higher, snowmelt occurred earlier, and erect shrub and wetland vegetation communities were dominant. Max and TI-NDVI temporal trends were positive across the majority of the Peninsula (57.4% [5.0% significant] and 97.6% [13.9% significant], respectively) between 2001 and 2018. Max and TI-NDVI trends had variable relationships with environmental drivers and were primarily influenced by coastal-inland gradients in summer warmth and soil moisture. Both Max and TI-NDVI were negatively impacted by human modification, highlighting how human disturbances are becoming an increasingly important driver of Arctic vegetation dynamics. These findings provide insight into the potential future of Arctic regions experiencing warming, moisture regime shifts, and human modification, and demonstrate the usefulness of considering multiple NDVI metrics to disentangle the effects of individual drivers across heterogeneous landscapes. Further, the spatial heterogeneity in the direction and magnitude of interannual covariation between Max NDVI, TI-NDVI, and climatic drivers highlights the difficulty in generalizing the effects of individual drivers on Arctic vegetation productivity across large regions.

C R Hakkenberg et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 035005

Biodiversity-structure relationships (BSRs), which describe the correlation between biodiversity and three-dimensional forest structure, have been used to map spatial patterns in biodiversity based on forest structural attributes derived from lidar. However, with the advent of spaceborne lidar like the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), investigators are confronted with how to predict biodiversity from discrete GEDI footprints, sampled discontinuously across the Earth surface and often spatially offset from where diversity was measured in the field. In this study, we used National Ecological Observation Network data in a hierarchical modeling framework to assess how spatially-coincident BSRs (where field-observed taxonomic diversity measurements and structural data from airborne lidar coincide at a single plot) compare with BSRs based on statistical aggregates of proximate, but spatially-dispersed GEDI samples of structure. Despite substantial ecoregional variation, results confirm cross-biome consistency in the relationship between plant/tree alpha diversity and spatially-coincident lidar data, including structural data from outside the field plot where diversity was measured. Moreover, we found that generalized forest structural profiles derived from GEDI footprint aggregates were consistently related to tree alpha diversity, as well as cross-biome patterns in beta and gamma diversity. These findings suggest that characteristic forest structural profiles generated from aggregated GEDI footprints are effective for BSR diversity prediction without incorporation of more standard predictors of biodiversity like climate, topography, or optical reflectance. Cross-scale comparisons between airborne- and GEDI-derived structural profiles provide guidance for balancing scale-dependent trade-offs between spatial proximity and sample size for BSR-based prediction with GEDI gridded products. This study fills a critical gap in our understanding of how generalized forest structural attributes can be used to infer specific field-observed biodiversity patterns, including those not directly observable from remote sensing instruments. Moreover, it bolsters the empirical basis for global-scale biodiversity prediction with GEDI spaceborne lidar.

Christopher E Doughty et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 035002

The stratified nature of tropical forest structure had been noted by early explorers, but until recent use of satellite-based LiDAR (GEDI, or Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation LiDAR), it was not possible to quantify stratification across all tropical forests. Understanding stratification is important because by some estimates, a majority of the world's species inhabit tropical forest canopies. Stratification can modify vertical microenvironment, and thus can affect a species' susceptibility to anthropogenic climate change. Here we find that, based on analyzing each GEDI 25 m diameter footprint in tropical forests (after screening for human impact), most footprints (60%–90%) do not have multiple layers of vegetation. The most common forest structure has a minimum plant area index (PAI) at ∼40 m followed by an increase in PAI until ∼15 m followed by a decline in PAI to the ground layer (described hereafter as a one peak footprint). There are large geographic patterns to forest structure within the Amazon basin (ranging between 60% and 90% one peak) and between the Amazon (79 ± 9% sd) and SE Asia or Africa (72 ± 14% v 73 ± 11%). The number of canopy layers is significantly correlated with tree height ( r 2 = 0.12) and forest biomass ( r 2 = 0.14). Environmental variables such as maximum temperature ( T max ) ( r 2 = 0.05), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) ( r 2 = 0.03) and soil fertility proxies (e.g. total cation exchange capacity − r 2 = 0.01) were also statistically significant but less strongly correlated given the complex and heterogeneous local structural to regional climatic interactions. Certain boundaries, like the Pebas Formation and Ecoregions, clearly delineate continental scale structural changes. More broadly, deviation from more ideal conditions (e.g. lower fertility or higher temperatures) leads to shorter, less stratified forests with lower biomass.

Louise Mercer et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 045001

Community-based monitoring (CBM) is increasingly cited as a means of collecting valuable baseline data that can contribute to our understanding of environmental change whilst supporting Indigenous governance and self-determination in research. However, current environmental CBM models have specific limitations that impact program effectiveness and the progression of research stages beyond data collection. Here, we highlight key aspects that limit the progression of Arctic CBM programs which include funding constraints, organisational structures, and operational processes. Exemplars from collaborative environmental research conducted in the acutely climate change impacted Hamlet of Tuktoyaktuk, Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), Canada, are used to identify co-developed solutions to address these challenges. These learnings from experience-based collaborations feed into a new solution-orientated model of environmental community-based research (CBR) that emphasises continuity between and community ownership in all research stages to enable a more complete research workflow. Clear recommendations are provided to develop a more coherent approach to achieving this model, which can be adapted to guide the development of successful environmental CBR programs in different research and place-based contexts.

M M Seeley et al 2024 Environ. Res.: Ecology 3 011001

Vegetation species mapping using airborne imaging spectroscopy yields accurate results and is important for advancing conservation objectives and biogeographic studies. As these data become more readily available owing to the upcoming launch of spaceborne imaging spectrometers, it is necessary to understand how these data can be used to consistently classify species across large geographic scales. However, few studies have attempted to map species across multiple ecosystems; therefore, little is known regarding the effect of intra-specific variation on the mapping of a single species across a wide range of environments and among varying backgrounds of other non-target species. To explore this effect, we developed and tested species classification models for Metrosideros polymorpha , a highly polymorphic canopy species endemic to Hawai'i, which is found in a diverse array of ecosystems. We compared the accuracies of support vector machine (SVM) and random forest models trained on canopy reflectance data from each of eight distinct ecosystems (ecosystem-specific) and a universal model trained on data from all ecosystems. When applied to ecosystem-specific test datasets, the ecosystem-specific models outperformed the universal model; however, the universal model retained high (>81%) accuracies across all ecosystems. Additionally, we found that models from ecosystems with broad variation in M. polymorpha canopy traits, as estimated using chemometric equations applied to canopy spectra, accurately predicted M. polymorpha in other ecosystems. While species classifications across ecosystems can yield accurate results, these results will require sampling procedures that capture the intra-specific variation of the target species.

Yu Nan et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 015003

The modern economic growth paradigm relies heavily on natural endowments. Renewable energy as a permanent energy source has the potential to reduce the ecological footprint (EF). We adopt the Vector Autoregressive model to examine the impact of renewable energy consumption on the energy EF and use the quantile regression method to test the heterogeneity and asymmetry between energy EF and photovoltaic, wind energy, and biomass energy. The results show that renewable energy has a long-term negative impact on the EF, and for every 1% increase in renewable energy consumption, the energy EF will decrease by 2.91%. The contribution of renewable energy consumption to reducing the EF is 1.34% on average. There is no two-way Granger causality between renewable energy consumption and energy EF. The reduction effect of wind energy consumption on the energy EF varies the most, followed by biomass energy and photovoltaic. In addition, under different energy EF distribution conditions, the impact of photovoltaic or wind energy or biomass energy consumption on the energy EF is different.

Mei-Ling E Feng et al 2022 Environ. Res.: Ecology 1 011004

Animal-related outages (AROs) are a prevalent form of outages in electrical distribution systems. Animal-infrastructure interactions vary across species and regions, underlining the need to study the animal-outage relationship in more species and diverse systems. Animal activity has been an indicator of reliability in the electrical grid system by describing temporal patterns in AROs. However, these ARO models have been limited by a lack of available species activity data, instead approximating activity based on seasonal patterns and weather dependency in ARO records and characteristics of broad taxonomic groups, e.g. squirrels. We highlight available resources to fill the ecological data gap limiting joint analyses between ecology and energy sectors. Species distribution modeling (SDM), a common technique to model the distribution of a species across geographic space and time, paired with community science data, provided us with species-specific estimates of activity to analyze alongside spatio-temporal patterns of ARO severity. We use SDM estimates of activity for multiple outage-prone bird species to examine whether diverse animal activity patterns were important predictors of ARO severity by capturing existing variation within animal-outage relationships. Low dimensional representation and single patterns of bird activity were important predictors of ARO severity in Massachusetts. However, both patterns of summer migrants and overwintering species showed some degree of importance, indicating that multiple biological patterns could be considered in future models of grid reliability. Making the best available resources from quantitative ecology known to outside disciplines can allow for more interdisciplinary data analyses between ecological and non-ecological systems. This can result in further opportunities to examine and validate the relationships between animal activity and grid reliability in diverse systems.

Casey L Brown et al 2022 Environ. Res.: Ecology 1 011002

Consistent with a warming climate, the timing of key phenological phases (i.e. phenophases) for many plant species is shifting, but the direction and extent of these shifts remain unclear. For large herbivores such as ungulates, altered plant phenology can have important nutritional and demographic consequences. We used two multi-year datasets collected during 1992–1996 and 2015–2019 of understory plant phenology in semi-arid forested rangelands in northeastern Oregon, United States, to test whether the duration of phenophases for forage species has changed over time for three plant functional groups (forbs, graminoids, and shrubs). Duration of spring green-up was approximately 2 weeks shorter in the later years for forbs (19 ± 3.8 d) and graminoids (13.2 ± 2.8 d), and senescence was 3 weeks longer for graminoids (25.1 ± 5.1) and shrubs (22.0 ± 4.6). Average peak flowering date was 3.1 ± 0.2 d earlier per decade for understory forage species with approximately 1/3 of the species (35%) exhibiting earlier peak flowering dates over time. Variation in late-winter precipitation had the greatest effect on the duration of understory green-up, whereas variation in summer precipitation had a greater effect on duration of the senescent period. Collectively, these results indicate climate-related progression towards shorter periods of peak plant productivity, and earlier and longer periods of plant senescence, the combination of which substantially reduces the temporal window of forage available in growing forms most usable to herbivores. This work adds a needed component to the climate change literature, by describing links between shifting climate variables, multiple phases of understory plant phenology, and possible nutritional consequences for herbivores under a warming climate.

K Best et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 045003

Significant uncertainties persist concerning how Arctic soil tundra carbon emission responds to environmental changes. In this study, 24 cores were sampled from drier (high centre polygons and rims) and wetter (low centre polygons and troughs) permafrost tundra ecosystems. We examined how soil CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes responded to laboratory-based manipulations of soil temperature (and associated thaw depth) and water table depth, representing current and projected conditions in the Arctic. Similar soil CO 2 respiration rates occurred in both the drier and the wetter sites, suggesting that a significant proportion of soil CO 2 emission occurs via anaerobic respiration under water-saturated conditions in these Arctic tundra ecosystems. In the absence of vegetation, soil CO 2 respiration rates decreased sharply within the first 7 weeks of the experiment, while CH 4 emissions remained stable for the entire 26 weeks of the experiment. These patterns suggest that soil CO 2 emission is more related to plant input than CH 4 production and emission. The stable and substantial CH 4 emission observed over the entire course of the experiment suggests that temperature limitations, rather than labile carbon limitations, play a predominant role in CH 4 production in deeper soil layers. This is likely due to the presence of a substantial source of labile carbon in these carbon-rich soils. The small soil temperature difference (a median difference of 1 °C) and a more substantial thaw depth difference (a median difference of 6 cm) between the high and low temperature treatments resulted in a non-significant difference between soil CO 2 and CH 4 emissions. Although hydrology continued to be the primary factor influencing CH 4 emissions, these emissions remained low in the drier ecosystem, even with a water table at the surface. This result suggests the potential absence of a methanogenic microbial community in high-centre polygon and rim ecosystems. Overall, our results suggest that the temperature increases reported for these Arctic regions are not responsible for increases in carbon losses. Instead, it is the changes in hydrology that exert significant control over soil CO 2 and CH 4 emissions.

Winslow D Hansen et al 2022 Environ. Res.: Ecology 1 011001

Inter-annual climate variability (hereafter climate variability) is increasing in many forested regions due to climate change. This variability could have larger near-term impacts on forests than decadal shifts in mean climate, but how forests will respond remains poorly resolved, particularly at broad scales. Individual trees, and even forest communities, often have traits and ecological strategies—the legacies of exposure to past variable conditions—that confer tolerance to subsequent climate variability. However, whether local legacies also shape global forest responses is unknown. Our objective was to assess how past and current climate variability influences global forest productivity. We hypothesized that forests exposed to large climate variability in the past would better tolerate current climate variability than forests for which past climate was relatively stable. We used historical (1950–1969) and contemporary (2000–2019) temperature, precipitation, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and the remotely sensed enhanced vegetation index (EVI) to quantify how historical and contemporary climate variability relate to patterns of contemporary forest productivity. Consistent with our hypothesis, forests exposed to large temperature variability in the past were more tolerant of contemporary temperature variability than forests where past temperatures were less variable. Forests were 19-fold times less sensitive to contemporary temperature variability where historical inter-annual temperature variability was 0.66 °C (two standard deviations) greater than the global average historical temperature variability. We also found that larger increases in temperature variability between the two study periods often eroded the tolerance conferred by the legacy effects of historical temperature variability. However, the hypothesis was not supported in the case of precipitation and VPD variability, potentially due to physiological tradeoffs inherent in how trees cope with dry conditions. We conclude that the sensitivity of forest productivity to imminent increases in temperature variability may be partially predictable based on the legacies of past conditions.

Latest articles

Manette E Sandor et al 2024 Environ. Res.: Ecology 3 015002

How species richness scales spatially is a foundational concept of community ecology, but how biotic interactions scale spatially is poorly known. Previous studies have proposed interactions-area relationships (IARs) based on two competing relationships for how the number of interactions scale with the number of species, the 'link-species scaling law' and the 'constant connectance hypothesis.' The link-species scaling law posits that the number of interactions per species remains constant as the size of the network increases. The constant connectance hypothesis says that the proportion of realized interactions remains constant with network size. While few tests of these IARs exist, evidence for the original interactions-species relationships are mixed. We propose a novel IAR and test it against the two existing IARs. We first present a general theory for how interactions scale spatially and the mathematical relationship between the IAR and the species richness-area curve. We then provide a new mathematical formulation of the IAR, accounting for connectance varying with area. Employing data from three mutualistic networks (i.e. a network which specifies interconnected and mutually-beneficial interactions between two groups of species), we evaluate three competing models of how interactions scale spatially: two previously published IAR models and our proposed IAR. We find the new IAR described by our theory-based equation fits the empirical datasets equally as well as the previously proposed IAR based on the link-species scaling law in one out of three cases and better than the previously-proposed models in two out of three cases. Our novel IAR improves upon previous models and quantifies mutualist interactions across space, which is paramount to understanding biodiversity and preventing its loss.

Ezrah Natumanya et al 2024 Environ. Res.: Ecology 3 015001

Riparian vegetation usually gets less focus in biodiversity assessments and yet species diversity is important knowledge when applying patch specific conservation value in the Niassa Special Reserve (NSR). This study assessed the composition and conservation status of riparian species in an exposed river basin downstream location. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of sites and respondents to maximize data collection. The study found 19 species belonging to 15 families with 52.63% of them having a frequency of ⩾50% in sampling plots. There were 10 species that are endemic to the sub-Sharan Africa Region. Fabaceae was the dominant family with 5 species. The species with the highest population was Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Species richness ranged from 0.35 to 0.98 with a mean of 0.66 ± 0.22. The IVI ranged from 34.70 ( F. indica (Burm. f.) Merr) to 4.43 ( Tribulus cistoides L.) with a mean of 15.79 ± 7.79. Threats of species loss and ecosystem disturbance were agriculture, infrastructure development and plant harvests. There was a reported decline in species availability over the previous 10 years by 18.7% of the respondents. The results added to existing studies and records of vegetation species of conservation value in areas exposed to loss in the NSR. This study advances research on vegetation range dynamics in the NSR and presents a need to mitigate human land use impacts on riparian vegetation species composition.

Edgar J Lozada-Gómez and Omar Pérez-Reyes 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 045004

Most freshwater habitats have been substantially affected by anthropogenic factors such as fish introductions, plastic pollution, and river regulation. Urban rivers are highly vulnerable to impacts associated with land use changes resulting from increasing urbanization, including altering habitat and establishing aquatic biological communities in these areas. In turn, the introduction of exotic species into sensitive and threatened ecosystems such as tropical urban streams and their rapid establishment, such as Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus , was used as an ecological model to determine the relative population size of the species. Also, the species was used to evaluate the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish in rivers with different land use history. Our results showed significant differences in pleco abundance between areas with high and low urban (LU) development in the watersheds. The study demonstrated that abiotic environmental factors directly influence the relative abundance of plecos at the range and watershed scales. In a total of 42 fish examined, only 85.7% showed MPs retained in the GIT, with fibers and fragments being the most common. A total of 22 pieces of microplastic were identified with Nile Red staining by slide analysis. A significant difference was found between the abundance of microplastic ingested per total fish length between streams with high and LU development reaches. Therefore, in relatively small amounts, microplastic ingestion appears to be common in P. multiradiatus species, regardless of the habitat in which they are found and the diet present.

Review articles

Davide Vione 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 012001

Reactions induced by sunlight (direct photolysis and indirect photochemistry) are important ecosystem services that aid freshwater bodies in removing contaminants, although they may also exacerbate pollution in some cases. Without photoinduced reactions, pollution problems would be considerably worse overall. The photochemical reaction rates depend on seasonality, depth, water chemistry (which also significantly affects the reaction pathways), and pollutant photoreactivity. Photochemical reactions are also deeply impacted by less studied factors, including hydrology, water dynamics, and precipitation regimes, which are key to understanding the main impacts of climate change on surface-water photochemistry. Climate change is expected in many cases to both exacerbate freshwater pollution, and enhance photochemical decontamination. Therefore, photochemical knowledge will be essential to understand the future evolution of freshwater environments.

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• 2022-present Environmental Research: Ecology doi: 10.1088/issn.2752-664X Online ISSN: 2752-664X

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Northward expansion trends and future potential distribution of a dragonfly Ischnura senegalensis Rambur under climate change using citizen science data in South Korea

Citizen science is becoming a mainstream approach of baseline data collection to monitor biodiversity and climate change. Dragonflies (Odonata) have been ranked as the highest priority group in biodiversity mo...

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Morphological variables restrict flower choice of Lycaenid butterfly species: implication for pollination and conservation

Butterflies make an important part for plant-pollinator guild. These are nectar feeder or occasionally pollen feeder and thus proboscis of the butterfly species are considered as one of the most important vari...

Honey bees and their brood: a potentially valuable resource of food, worthy of greater appreciation and scientific attention

Despite the consumption of bee brood in several parts of the world, particularly in the tropical areas, the practice has received comparatively little attention. We have reviewed all the available information ...

Attributes and references to honey bees (Insecta; Hymenoptera; Apidae) and their products in some Asian and Australian societies’ folkloristic domains

References to insects in myths, stories, and idioms can be found in almost any culture, but with regard to references involving honey bee species in the Asia-Australian region, little information is available....

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Major environmental factors and traits of invasive alien plants determining their spatial distribution

As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent and no longer a special problem. Anthropogenic activities and climate changes have made the distribution of...

Spatial distribution of halophytes and environment factors in salt marshes along the eastern Yellow Sea

Salt marshes provide a variety of ecosystem services; however, they are vulnerable to human activity, water level fluctuations, and climate change. Analyses of the relationships between plant communities and e...

PollMap: a software for crop pollination mapping in agricultural landscapes

Ecosystem service mapping is an important tool for decision-making in landscape planning and natural resource management. Today, pollination service mapping is based on the Lonsdorf model (InVEST software) tha...

Current status of alert alien species management for the establishment of proactive management systems in Korea

Some of the introduced alien species introduced settle, multiply, and spread to become invasive alien species (IAS) that threaten biodiversity. To prevent this, Korea and other countries legally designate and ...

Dust and sandstorm: ecosystem perspectives on dryland hazards in Northeast Asia: a review

A review of the literature was carried out to study dust and sandstorm (DSS) in terms of its ecosystem processes and relationship to other dryland disasters in Northeast Asia. Drylands are ecosystems that incl...

Changes in nocturnal insect communities in forest-dominated landscape relevant to artificial light intensity

Artificial light at night has recently been identified as a major factor adversely affecting global insect diversity. Here, we compared the insect diversity in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, specifically...

Occurrence and diet analysis of sea turtles in Korean shore

Sea turtles, which are globally endangered species, have been stranded and found as bycatch on the Korean shore recently. More studies on sea turtles in Korea are necessary to aid their conservation. To invest...

Quantifying how urban landscape heterogeneity affects land surface temperature at multiple scales

Landscape metrics have been widely applied to quantifying the relationship between land surface temperature and urban spatial patterns and have received acceptable verification from landscape ecologists but so...

The relationship of mean temperature and 9 collected butterfly species’ wingspan as the response of global warming

Organism body size is a basic characteristic in ecology; it is related to temperature according to temperature-size rule. Butterflies are affected in various aspects by climate change because they are sensitiv...

Non-deep physiological dormancy in seeds of Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. native to Korea

Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. is a perennial species native to Jeju Island and the southern coastal area of Korea. Particularly on Jeju Island, the yellow flowers of E. jolkinii Boiss. have a high ornamental value be...

Predation of the Japanese keelback ( Hebius vibakari Boie, 1826) by the Slender racer ( Orientocoluber spinalis Peters, 1866)

The Slender racer ( Orientocoluber spinalis Peters, 1866) has recently been reclassified to the new genus Orientocoluber from Hierophis . Ecological knowledge of this species is limited due to its highly mobile beh...

Major environmental factors and traits of invasive alien plants determine their spatial distribution: a case study in Korea

As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent, making them a general problem globally. Anthropogenic activities and climate change have led to alien spec...

Distribution and habitat use of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Understanding the habitat characteristics of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans is the first step in conserving and managing the forests it requires for nesting, gliding, and feeding. Therefo...

How effective are artificial nests in attracting bees? A review

Recent declines in bee populations, along with increasing demand for pollination services in urban, agricultural, and natural environments, have led to strategies to attract wild bees to these areas. One of th...

Tissue-specific systemic responses of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata against stem-boring herbivore attack

Plants are able to optimize defense responses induced by various herbivores, which have different feeding strategies. Local and systemic responses within a plant after herbivory are essential to modulate herbi...

Estimating potential range shift of some wild bees in response to climate change scenarios in northwestern regions of Iran

Climate change is occurring rapidly around the world, and is predicted to have a large impact on biodiversity. Various studies have shown that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of wild bee...

Trends in the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems in the Republic of Korea

In this review, we aimed to synthesize the current knowledge on the observed and projected effects of climate change on the ecosystems of Korea (i.e., the Republic of Korea (ROK) or South Korea), as well as th...

Principle of restoration ecology reflected in the process creating the National Institute of Ecology

The creation of the National Institute of Ecology began as a national alternative project to preserve mudflats instead of constructing the industrial complexes by reclamation, and achieve regional development....

Small-scale spatial genetic structure of Asarum sieboldii metapopulation in a valley

Asarum sieboldii Miq., a species of forest understory vegetation, is an herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The metapopulation of A. sieboldii is distributed sparsely and has a short se...

Diel and seasonal activity pattern of alien sika deer with sympatric mammalian species from Muljangori-oreum wetland of Hallasan National Park, South Korea

Sika deer, Cervus nippon , were originally introduced to South Korea from Japan and Taiwan for commercial farming purposes. Unfortunately, they were released into the wild during religious events and have since be...

Effects of different day length and wind conditions to the seedling growth performance of Phragmites australis

To understand shade and wind effects on seedling traits of common reed ( Phragmites australis ), we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating day length (10 h daytime a day as open canopy conditions or 6 h dayti...

Categorized wetland preference and life forms of the vascular plants in the Korean Peninsula

In 2020, a categorized list of wetland preferences, major habitats, and life forms of 4145 vascular plant taxa occurring in the Korean Peninsula was published by the National Institute of Biological Resources....

Elevational distribution ranges of vascular plant species in the Baekdudaegan mountain range, South Korea

The climate is changing rapidly, and this may pose a major threat to global biodiversity. One of the most distinctive consequences of climate change is the poleward and/or upward shift of species distribution ...

Study on the photosynthetic characteristics of Eutrema japonica (Siebold) Koidz. under the pulsed LEDs for simulated sunflecks

The sunfleck is an important light environmental factor for plants that live under the shade of trees. Currently, the smartfarm has a system that can artificially create these sunfleks. Therefore, it was inten...

Influence of trees and associated variables on soil organic carbon: a review

The level of soil organic carbon (SOC) fluctuates in different types of forest stands: this variation can be attributed to differences in tree species, and the variables associated with soil, climate, and topo...

Comparison of ecophysiological and leaf anatomical traits of native and invasive plant species

To address the lack of evidence supporting invasion by three invasive plant species ( Imperata cylindrica, Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata ) in tropical ecosystems, we compared the ecophysiological and leaf...

Effects of soil water content and light intensity on the growth of Molinia japonica in montane wetlands in South Korea

Montane wetlands are unique wetland ecosystems with distinct physicochemical characteristics, and Molinia japonica often makes dominant communities in montane wetlands in South Korea. In order to figure out the e...

First detection of ranavirus in a wild population of Dybowski’s brown frog ( Rana dybowskii ) in South Korea

Ranavirus is an emerging infectious disease which has been linked to mass mortality events in various amphibian species. In this study, we document the first mass mortality event of an adult population of Dybo...

Cushion plant Silene acaulis is a pioneer species at abandoned coal piles in the High Arctic, Svalbard

Abandoned coal piles after the closure of mines have a potential negative influence on the environment, such as soil acidification and heavy metal contamination. Therefore, revegetation by efficient species is...

Vegetation structure and distribution characteristics of Symplocos prunifolia , a rare evergreen broad-leaved tree in Korea

In Korea, Symplocos prunifolia Siebold. & Zucc. is only found on Jeju Island. Conservation of the species is difficult because little is known about its distribution and natural habitat. The lack of research and ...

Growth performance of planted population of Pinus roxburghii in central Nepal

Climate change has altered the various ecosystem processes including forest ecosystem in Himalayan region. Although the high mountain natural forests including treelines in the Himalayan region are mainly repo...

Correction to: Application of smart mosquito monitoring traps for the mosquito forecast systems by Seoul Metropolitan city

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

The original article was published in Journal of Ecology and Environment 2020 44 :13

Correction to: Effect of precipitation on soil respiration in a temperate broad-leaved forest

The original article was published in Journal of Ecology and Environment 2018 42 :10

Effects of cutting and sowing seeds of native species on giant ragweed invasion and plant diversity in a field experiment

Ambrosia trifida is a highly invasive annual plant, but effective control methods have not been proposed. Among various eradication methods, cutting is a simple measure to control invasive plants, and sowing seed...

Mid-term (2009-2019) demographic dynamics of young beech forest in Albongbunji Basin, Ulleungdo, South Korea

The stem exclusion stage is a stage of forest development that is important for understanding the subsequent understory reinitiation stage and maturation stage during which horizontal heterogeneity is formed. ...

Annual and spatial variabilities in the acorn production of Quercus mongolica

Genus Quercus is a successful group that has occupied the largest area of forest around the world including South Korea. The acorns are an important food source for both wild animals and humans. Although the repr...

Prevalence of Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola and its impact on Parthenium hysterophorus in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious invasive weed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Nepal. Among 11 species of biological control agents released to control P. hysterophorus in Ausrtal...

Ecological impact of fast industrialization inferred from a sediment core in Seocheon, West Coast of Korean Peninsula

Rapid industrialization has caused various impacts on nature, including heavy metal pollution. However, the impacts of industrialization vary depending on the types of industrializing activity and surrounding ...

Influence of roadkill during breeding migration on the sex ratio of land crab ( Sesarma haematoche )

Adult land crabs generally live on land while their larvae live in the sea. In the case of Sesarma haematoche , female crabs migrate from land to sea to release the larvae at the high tide of syzygy night. Artific...

Population structure and regeneration of Himalayan endemic Larix species in three high-altitude valleys in Nepal Himalaya

The Himalayan forests are of great importance to sustain the nature and community resource demands. These forests are facing pressures both from anthropogenic activities and ongoing global climatic changes. Po...

Otolith microchemistry reveals the migration patterns of the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Pisces: Mugilidae) in Korean waters

The flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus has the widest distribution among mugilid species. Recent studies based on mitochondrial DNA sequences showed that the species comprises at least 14 different groups, three...

Population size, group and age structure of geladas ( Theropithecus gelada ) in escarpments of Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia: implication for conservation

Geladas ( Theropithecus gelada ), endemic to Ethiopia, are distributed closely related to the escarpments and gorge systems of the country, and large populations are found in the Simien Mountain National Park. This...

Coexistence of plant species under harsh environmental conditions: an evaluation of niche differentiation and stochasticity along salt marsh creeks

Ecologists have achieved much progress in the study of mechanisms that maintain species coexistence and diversity. In this paper, we reviewed a wide range of past research related to these topics, focusing on ...

Re-emergence of the Glossy Ibis ( Plegadis falcinellus ) in inland South Korea

Glossy Ibis ( Plegadis falcinellus ), which has never been recorded in South Korea, appeared on Jeju Island in 2018 and re-emerged in the inland area of Seocheon-gun (South Chungcheong Province) and in Goyang-si (G...

Diet composition of the Korean wild boar Sus scrofa coreanus (Suidae) at Mt. Jeombongsan, Korea

Korean wild boars ( Sus scrofa coreanus Heude), because of their adaptability, are a widespread large mammal; however, they sometimes cause problems by invading farms and eating the crops, creating insufficiencies...

Review on the succession process of Pinus densiflora forests in South Korea: progressive and disturbance-driven succession

Most of the Pinus densiflora forests, occupying the largest area, have been restored in South Korea since the 1970s. As young pioneer forests, the succession process is under way. Since the forests are distribute...

Journal of Ecology and Environment

ISSN: 2288-1220

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ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Ecology is the study of the environment, and helps us understand how organisms live with each other in unique physical environments.

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Elephant at pond

Watering holes like this attract a wide variety of creatures and offer a unique glimpse into the diverse ecology of the surrounding region.

Photograph by Stuart Black and Alamy Stock Photo

Ecology is the study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them. An ecologist studies the relationship between living things and their habitats. In order to learn about the natural world, ecologists must study multiple aspects of life ranging from the moss that grows on rocks to the wolf population in the United States' Yellowstone National Park. In order to research the environment, scientists ask questions, such as: How do organisms interact with the living and nonliving factors around them? What do organisms need to survive and thrive in their current environments? To find the answers to these questions, ecologists must study and observe all forms of life and their ecosystems throughout our world.

In addition to examining how ecosystems function, ecologists study what happens when ecosystems do not function normally. Changes in ecosystems can result from many different factors including diseases among the organisms living in the area, increases in temperature, and increased human activities. Understanding these changes can help ecologists anticipate future ecological challenges and inform other scientists and policymakers about the challenges facing their local ecosystems.

Ecology first began gaining popularity in the 1960s, when environmental issues were rising to the forefront of public awareness. Although scientists have been studying the natural world for centuries, ecology in the modern sense has only been around since the 19th century. Around this time, European and American scientists began studying how plants functioned and their effects on the habitats around them. Eventually, this led to the study of how animals interact with plants, other animals, and shaped the ecosystems in which they lived. Today, modern ecologists build on the data collected by their predecessors and continue to pass on information about the ecosystems around the world. The information they gather continues to affect the future of our planet.

Human activity plays an important role in the health of ecosystems all around the world. Pollution emitted from fossil fuels or factories can contaminate the food supply for a species, potentially changing an entire food web. Introducing a new species from another part of the world into an unfamiliar environment can have unintended and negative impacts on local lifeforms. These kinds of organisms are called invasive species. Invasive species can be any form of living organism that is brought by humans to a new part of the world where they have no natural predators. The addition or subtraction of a single species from an ecosystem can create a domino effect on many others, whether that be from the spread of disease or overhunting.

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• Published: 13 November 2017

100 articles every ecologist should read

• Franck Courchamp   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7605-4548 1 &
• Corey J. A. Bradshaw   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-7741 1 , 2  

Nature Ecology & Evolution volume  2 ,  pages 395–401 ( 2018 ) Cite this article

58k Accesses

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A Publisher Correction to this article was published on 16 November 2017

This article has been updated

Reading scientific articles is a valuable and major part of the activity of scientists. Yet, with the upsurge of currently available articles and the increasing specialization of scientists, it becomes difficult to identify, let alone read, important papers covering topics not directly related to one’s own specific field of research, or that are older than a few years. Our objective was to propose a list of seminal papers deemed to be of major importance in ecology, thus providing a general ‘must-read’ list for any new ecologist, regardless of particular topic or expertise. We generated a list of 544 papers proposed by 147 ecology experts (journal editorial members) and subsequently ranked via random-sample voting by 368 of 665 contacted ecology experts, covering 6 article types, 6 approaches and 17 fields. Most of the recommended papers were not published in the highest-ranking journals, nor did they have the highest number of mean annual citations. The articles proposed through the collective recommendation of several hundred experienced researchers probably do not represent an ‘ultimate’, invariant list, but they certainly contain many high-quality articles that are undoubtedly worth reading—regardless of the specific field of interest in ecology—to foster the understanding, knowledge and inspiration of early-career scientists.

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16 november 2017.

This Article originally suggested that readers may be able to source PDF files of the papers analysed via a website that is involved in litigation over breach of copyright. This suggestion and the related URL have now been removed.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the many participating editorial members, as well as to C. Albert and G. M. Luque for help with the survey and article management. We are also grateful to the members of B. Holt’s 2017 postgraduate seminar class ‘Advanced Community Ecology’ for their input to the paper. F.C. was supported by BNP Paribas and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Invacost) grants, and C.J.A.B. was supported by BNP Paribas and Australian Research Council grants.

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Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91400, Orsay, France

Franck Courchamp & Corey J. A. Bradshaw

Global Ecology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Bedford Park, SA, 5001, Australia

• Corey J. A. Bradshaw

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F.C. conceived and designed the study and collected the data. C.J.A.B. performed the analyses. F.C. wrote the original draft of the paper. F.C. and C.J.A.B. reviewed and edited the paper.

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Correspondence to Franck Courchamp .

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Supplementary information.

List of 75 additional articles of the “read” list, Supplementary Figures 1–4, Supplementary Table 1–2 Summary, Supplementary Note.

Life Sciences Reporting Summary

Supplementary table 1.

Ranking of all the papers according to the category of ‘type’ (case study, review, concept, opinion, methodology, career).

Supplementary Table 2

Ranking of all the papers with the various variables, including the final rank, the average score, the number of votes (nVot), number of times proposed (nProp), the Impact Factor of the Journal (Ifjrnl), the number of citations in Web of Knowledge (citWoK) and Google Citation (citGoog) and the yearly number of citations in Web of Knowledge (citWoKyr) and Google Citation (citGoogyr).

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Courchamp, F., Bradshaw, C.J.A. 100 articles every ecologist should read. Nat Ecol Evol 2 , 395–401 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0370-9

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Received : 27 January 2017

Accepted : 19 September 2017

Published : 13 November 2017

Issue Date : February 2018

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0370-9

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