linking words for essay ielts

IELTS Writing Task 1 and Task 2 – Linking Words (with PDF)

Just how important are linkers for IELTS? When it comes to Writing Task 1 and Writing Task 2, connecting words for IELTS are incredibly important. Overall, they’ll have a significant impact on your band descriptor—in other words, on your IELTS scores. So how do you use IELTS writing linking words well? I’ll show you how in this IELTS linking words PDF!

IELTS Linking Words PDF

Once you’ve downloaded the IELTS linking words PDF , come back to this post to read on. In this post, we’ll look at linkers for IELTS and how you can use connecting words for IELTS tasks to boost your score.

Table of Contents

How to use linking words for ielts writing task 1, how to use linking words for ielts writing task 2, connecting words for both ielts tasks.

• Comparison/Opposition
• Consequence/Result
• Practice with Linking Words for Writing Task 1

Practice with Linking Words for Writing Task 2

Using the ielts linking words pdf, the function of linking words in ielts writing.

The IELTS Writing exam is marked on four criteria : grammar and sentence structure; vocabulary usage; answering the task response; and coherence and cohesion. Each makes up 25% of the overall score. Often, when I read an essay by an ESL student, I’m impressed by their range of vocabulary and their expert grammar use, but disappointed about how incoherently one sentence flows to the next.

In other words? They need more connecting words for IELTS’s higher band descriptors!

To develop coherence and cohesion, we need to use a variety of phrases to link one idea to the next, so that the reader can follow your thinking. How you’ll do this should vary according to the task type that you’re approaching. Take a look at IELTS band descriptors 1 and 2 , then see how to use linkers for IELTS below!

On IELTS Task 1 , you’ll write a report based on two visuals (think: charts and graphs ). You’ll need connecting words for IELTS Task 1 to:

• Transition from a description of one visual to a description of the other
• Compare and contrast key features of the visuals
• Point out and highlight data or details of the visuals

For IELTS Task 2 , you’ll write an extended response to a prompt. In this case, you’ll need linkers for IELTS Task 2 to:

• Present your opinion
• Move between paragraphs
• Provide reasons
• Give examples
• Explain conditions and consequences of different scenarios

Even though the two IELTS Writing tasks are very different, you’ll still need to structure your responses with an introduction in either case. And a conclusion could potentially be used in both tasks as well, although conclusions are optional in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1. (See our article on Writing Task 1 Academic paragraph structure for details.) Because of this, IELTS Writing linking words that will help you on both tasks are those that:

• Connect your introduction to your summary of the visuals
• Move from your main discussion to your conclusion.

Categories of Linkers for IELTS Writing

With all of that in mind, let’s take a look at several series of linking words to help you on test day! You can also download these in the IELTS linking words PDF to return to for reinforcement.

While most of these words can be used in either task, I’ve put asterisks (*) by different words that are particularly good for Task 1 or Task 2. Here’s the key:

* Especially good linking words for IELTS Writing Task 1 (Academic) ** Especially good IELTS Writing Task 2 linking words (Note, however, that any of these phrase categories can be pretty useful in either essay!)

• I think/feel/believe that…
• Personally, I feel that…
• As far as I am concerned…
• From my point of view…
• I admit that….
• I concur that…
• I agree that….
• Furthermore,…
• In addition,…
• Additionally,…
• On top of that,…
• Especially,…
• In particular,…
• Particularly,…
• Without a doubt,…
• Obviously,…
• Importantly,…

Comparison/Opposition*

• In contrast,…
• By contrast…
• In comparison,…
• Meanwhile,…
• On the other hand,…
• Alternatively,…
• Nevertheless,…

Condition**

• Unless…
• On the condition that…
• Provided that…
• As long as…
• Supposing that…

Concession**

• Admittedly,…
• Even though…
• In spite of…
• For instance,…
• For example,…
• A very good example is…
• The best example is…
• To illustrate,…
• First of all,…
• To start with…
• Thirdly/fourthly/etc.,…

Consequence/Result**

• As a result,…
• As a consequence,…
• Consequently,…
• Accordingly,…
• Therefore,…
• On that account,…
• For that reason,…

Conclusion**

• In conclusion,…
• To conclude,…
• In the end,…
• To summarize,…
• To sum up,…

Ready to put your knowledge from the IELTS linking words PDF to the test? Here are some exercises you can use to practice using linkers for IELTS!

Practice with IELTS Linking Words for Writing Task 1

You can find the prompt for this question here !

These graphics highlight several key trends. (1) ________, in general terms, slightly more than half the population owned computers in 2002. (2) ________, that number rose to roughly 75% over the next eight years. (3)________, these numbers varied by group. (4)________, postgraduates were always ahead of the general population: roughly three-quarters of postgraduates owned computers in 2002, that figure rose to nearly 95% by 2010. (5)________, those who had not finished high school began with only a 15% computer ownership rate, which increased to about 45% after eight years.

(1) Firstly/First of all/To start with

(2) However/But/Nevertheless

(3) On the other hand/However/But/Nevertheless

(4) Any example linking word would work here except “such as,” because this is the beginning of a sentence.

(1)________, young people need freedom to make choices, especially when it comes to their careers. Deep down, some parents may want their children to choose prestigious careers, or jobs that will impact society in some way. These wishes are normal and not necessarily harmful. (2)________, it can be problematic if these desires turn into firm expectations. (3)________, offering a child freedom does not imply that parents should be absent. Parents should strive to foster open communication about career decisions. (4)_______, if Tim’s aspirations do not line up with his parents’ wishes, he may, (5) _______ fear that approaching them could lead to judgement and confrontation.

(1) Any opinion linking word or phrase would work here except for “I concur that” or “I agree that,” because this is the first idea introduced in the essay.

(2) Admittedly,

(3) However,/But/On the other hand,/Nevertheless,

The best way to improve your use of IELTS Writing linking words is to practice repeatedly, checking your work thoroughly each time. With the IELTS Linking Words PDF, we’ve made this easy for you!

In the IELTS linking words PDF, you’ll find the key information from this post. This includes the lists of linking words, which task(s) each word is best for, and practice using linking words using the exercises below!

Incorporating IELTS Writing linking words into your practice by using the PDF regularly will help you achieve greater fluency for test day–and help you boost your band score. Make it a regular part of your practice! And be sure to read up on the whole IELTS Writing section, so you can study for the test effectively. Magoosh has a complete guide to IELTS Writing that can help.

Eliot Friesen-Meyers is the Senior Curriculum Manager for Magoosh IELTS and TOEFL. He attended Goshen College (B.A.), New York University (M.A.), and Harvard University (M.T.S.), gaining experience and skills in curriculum development, ESOL instruction, online teaching and learning, and IELTS and TOEFL test prep education. Eliot’s teaching career started with Literacy Americorps in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and later, taught ESL programs at Northeastern University, University of California-Irvine, and Harold Washington College. Eliot was also a speaker at the 2019 TESOL International Conference . With over 10 years of experience, he understands the challenges students face and loves helping them overcome those challenges. Come join Eliot on Youtube , Facebook , and Instagram . Recent blog posts Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 1 Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 2

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11 responses to “IELTS Writing Task 1 and Task 2 – Linking Words (with PDF)”

Hi, Thanks a million. It is very useful.

I wrote IELTS for getting Canadian PR however I got less in “Writing”. My score was “6.5” and “7” in “listening”. My overall band was “7” and the total score as 370. Could anyone share a few tips? Initially I strongly believed that IELTS apart from being a competitive exam, was a source of business as well as they deliberately made us fail but I slowly started feeling that perhaps I could have done errors. Anyways encapsulating my words, “Any tips”?

Thank you. I really found this post useful because I have been struggling to start my body paragraph and have no idea what to write.

Glad you enjoyed it, Gigi!

Hallo there

Is it possible to know one type of writting an easy so it can cover deffrent subject and deferent varaity of topic ensteed I read each topic and subject endevsoual. Best regards Khleed

I’m sorry, but I don’t understand what you are trying to ask here! Can you please ask in a different way or provide some more details or an example of what you are looking for? Thanks!

Yeay 👏 it’s so helpful ❤️

Yeay 👏 it’s so helpful and now I’ll prepare using your ideas

So glad to hear it! 😀

I believe that this will help me to achieve what I really want to claim in my life….. I HOPE SO.

Hi Malakpreet,

We hope so too! Best of luck to you! 😀

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• Academic practice
• General practice
• Task 1 Academic
• Task 1 General
• Task 2 (essay)

Linking structures

Using a wide range of vocabulary will help you to gain higher score at IELTS.

Don't fear: you don't have to learn all of these phrases. Just choose a few that you like and practice using them in your writing.

See also Vocabulary to describe graphs .

IELTS Writing Linking Words (Connectors) - Master List

The key to a high-scoring essay is not just rich content and strong grammar, but also the seamless flow and clarity with which you present your thoughts. That’s where linking words, or connectors, come into play, weaving your ideas into a well-integrated narrative.

Whether you're arguing a point in your Writing Task 2 essay, or crafting a letter for Task 1, using a wide range of linking words can significantly boost the coherence and cohesion of your text. Our extensive list of connectors is designed for IELTS candidates seeking to enhance their writing skills and achieve a band score that truly reflects their language proficiency.

Unlock the full potential of your writing with our master list of IELTS linking words, thoughtfully categorized and rich with examples

Additionally : Additionally, applicants must submit a cover letter.

Furthermore : I love to travel; furthermore, I enjoy learning about new cultures.

Moreover : She has experience, and moreover, she has the right qualifications.

Also : He can also play the guitar.

As well as : Her favorite sports are tennis as well as swimming.

Not to mention : The hotel was beautiful, not to mention close to the beach.

Along with : She brought a pie along with some fresh fruit.

Besides : I don’t want to go to the party, and besides, I wasn’t even invited.

In addition : The price is fair, and in addition, the service is exceptional.

Plus : The car is very reliable, plus it’s great on gas.

However : He is very funny; however, he can be quite serious at times.

Although : Although it was raining, he walked without an umbrella.

On the other hand : I am excited about the trip; on the other hand, I’m worried about the expense.

Conversely : I'd like to eat out, but conversely, I should be saving money.

Instead : He did not rebuke his child; instead, he gave him a hug.

Nevertheless : It was cold and wet; nevertheless, the game continued.

Despite : Despite the bad weather, we had a good time.

Yet : She is a great team player, yet she works well independently.

On the contrary : I thought she would win; on the contrary, she came in last.

In contrast : She loves math; in contrast, her brother has always found it difficult.

Cause and Effect

Therefore : The study was flawed; therefore, the results were unreliable.

As a result : He scored well on the test, as a result, he got into his desired university.

Consequently : It rained heavily; consequently, the picnic was canceled.

Hence : He was absent on the day of the exam; hence, he failed the course.

Thus : The roads were icy; thus, the school decided to close for the day.

Because of : Because of the train delay, I missed my appointment.

Due to : The match was postponed due to heavy snow.

So : She's allergic to peanuts, so she has to read food labels carefully.

This means that : The road is closed. This means that we’ll have to take a detour.

Leading to : The malfunction led to a delay in production.

Similarly : Just as Rome was not built in a day, similarly, we need time to complete this project.

Likewise : He respects his colleagues and expects to be treated likewise.

Like : Like her mother, she has a keen interest in art.

Just as : Just as the sun rises every morning, we too must rise to our tasks.

Comparable to : His speed is comparable to that of a professional athlete.

Analogous to : Watching the stars, he felt analogous to an explorer.

Similarly to : Similarly to her sister, she has a flair for fashion.

As with : As with all his advice, it was wise and timely.

For instance : For instance, many endangered species are at risk because of habitat loss.

For example : Using renewable energy sources, for example, can significantly reduce pollution.

Such as : There are many activities to enjoy in the winter, such as skiing and skating.

Including : There are several risks including potential loss of investment.

Specifically : Specifically, you must follow these instructions to install the software.

To illustrate : To illustrate my point, let's consider the case of the honeybee.

Namely : This year has two leap months, namely the fourth and the ninth.

Importantly : Importantly, all participants must sign a consent form.

Indeed : The results were, indeed, remarkable.

Especially : She enjoys hiking, especially in the mountains.

Particularly : The instructions were particularly complex.

Notably : Notably, none of the students were late to the seminar.

Significantly : The new policy will significantly affect productivity.

Above all : Above all, keep yourself hydrated while hiking.

Most importantly : Most importantly, never lose sight of your goals.

Of course : Of course, we'll need to consider the costs.

Especially : Bring warm clothes, especially if you feel the cold easily.

Firstly : Firstly, let's go over the previous meeting's minutes.

Secondly : Secondly, we need to address the budget for next year.

Thirdly : Thirdly, staffing requirements must be assessed.

Next : Gather your materials; next, begin the experiment.

Then : Finish your homework; then, you can watch TV.

Afterward : We'll have lunch, and afterward, we can visit the museum.

Subsequently : He was promoted, subsequently taking over the department.

Finally : Finally, after months of preparation, the day of the launch arrived.

Last but not least : Last but not least, we must thank our sponsors.

Ultimately : Ultimately, the decision lies with the committee.

In conclusion : In conclusion, there are several benefits to implementing these changes.

To summarize : To summarize, we reviewed three key points in today's meeting.

In summary : In summary, the strategy proved to be highly effective.

Overall : Overall, the project was a resounding success.

To conclude : To conclude, I would like to express my gratitude to everyone.

Lastly : Lastly, we would like to remind participants to submit their feedback.

In closing : In closing, remember to check your email for updates.

To finalize : To finalize the process, please sign below.

To wrap up : To wrap up, I'll answer any remaining questions.

All things considered : All things considered, it's a favorable proposal.

Currently : Currently, the company is in the process of expanding.

Previously : Previously, we discussed the importance of marketing.

Formerly : The building was formerly used as a warehouse.

Eventually : He studied hard and eventually passed the exam with flying colors.

Subsequently : The snowstorm subsided and, subsequently, flights resumed.

Meanwhile : You start on the report; meanwhile, I'll work on the presentation.

Simultaneously : They worked simultaneously on different parts of the project.

Until : Continue stirring the mixture until it thickens.

Thereafter : Thereafter, the participants formed smaller discussion groups.

Presently : Presently, the research is being reviewed by the committee.

Comparison/Contrast or Clarification

In the same way : In the same way a teacher educates students, a mentor guides a protégé.

Similarly : Similarly, the new model offers increased efficiency.

In the same manner , In the same manner as his predecessor, he adheres to strict schedules.

By the same token : By the same token, reducing expenses will enhance our profitability.

Equally : This decision will affect all departments equally.

Just as : Just as we expected, the turnout was high.

As much as : As much as I enjoy hiking, I haven't had time to go recently.

Clarification

That is to say : We have a stopover, that is to say, you'll have to switch planes.

In other words : It's a symbiotic relationship, in other words, both parties benefit.

To clarify : To clarify, only third-year students can apply for this program.

That is : You will be compensated, that is, we'll pay for your travel expenses.

Put another way : Put another way, the success of the project depends on teamwork.

To put it differently : To put it differently, the painting represents both hope and despair.

To rephrase : To rephrase, are you suggesting we postpone the launch?

If : If it rains, the game will be canceled.

Unless : Unless we act now, the opportunity will be lost.

Provided that : Provided that you complete the work on time, you'll receive full credit.

In the event that : In the event that you're late, please inform us.

As long as : You can borrow my car as long as you fill the tank.

Even if : Even if you disagree, you must abide by the decision.

In case : Always bring a map, in case your phone loses signal.

Supposing : Supposing the client agrees, when can we deliver?

Example or Emphasis

For instance : There are many historical cities to visit in Europe, for instance, Rome and Paris.

To illustrate : To illustrate the issue, consider the impact of deforestation on wildlife.

Namely : The club offers many amenities, namely a pool, a gym, and a sauna.

In particular : He loves fruits, in particular, apples and bananas.

Specifically : The warranty covers everything, specifically parts and labor.

To emphasize : To emphasize, please ensure the data is accurate.

Indeed : This is a very important point to consider, indeed.

In fact : The artist is, in fact, a close friend of mine.

Accordingly : Complete the form accordingly.

Consequently : He missed the deadline, and consequently, his submission was rejected.

Similarly : Similarly, her writing style is brief and to the point.

For example : Religions differ in practice; for example, some pray several times a day, others only on certain occasions.

To demonstrate : To demonstrate his commitment, he worked overtime without extra pay.

Exception/Contrast

Yet : He is young, yet he has achieved a lot.

In spite of : In spite of the rain, the event was well-attended.

Though : Though he wasn't feeling well, he decided to participate in the race.

While : While I understand your concern, I believe this is the best course of action.

Although : Although the road was busy, we made good time.

Because : He’s tired because he worked late.

Since : Since we have enough resources, we should begin the project.

As : As the data was incomplete, the conclusions were questionable.

Given that : Given that we missed the deadline, we need a new strategy.

Considering : Considering her extensive experience, she’s the ideal candidate for the job.

Due to the fact that : Due to the fact that we received a generous grant, our research can continue.

Owing to : Owing to the budget cuts, we need to revise our plans.

Summary/Conclusion

In conclusion : In conclusion, the evidence overwhelmingly supports our theory.

To summarize : To summarize, three key points were discussed.

In sum : In sum, the proposal offers several noteworthy benefits.

To wrap up : To wrap up, I'd like to thank everyone for their participation.

In brief : In brief, we need to change our approach.

Overall : Overall, it's been a productive year for the company.

All in all : All in all, it was a fantastic concert.

To recap : To recap, make sure you understand the assignment before you begin.

In a nutshell : In a nutshell, the new policy will affect everyone in the department.

Then : Finish this task, then start on the next.

Afterwards : We'll have the meeting, and afterwards, we can discuss the matter privately.

Subsequently : He graduated in June, and subsequently found a job in July.

Soon after : The new model was released, and soon after, it became a best-seller.

Immediately : Immediately after the incident, the building was evacuated.

Wherever : Wherever you go, you’ll find people willing to help.

Whenever : Whenever I visit Paris, I feel like I'm in a dream.

While : While he was reading, the phone rang.

Meanwhile : He'll be here in an hour; meanwhile, let's get everything ready.

You deserve a better score!

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Linking Words for IELTS Writing Task 2: What is Linking Words in IELTS?

You have probably heard that the most important aspect of good writing is the effective employment of linking words. This is because short and choppy sentences lack drama whereas long sentences make a tedious read. Using linking words is a grammatically correct and stylistically effective way to connect ideas and sentences.

One of the criteria you are judged on in IELTS writing task 2 is coherence and cohesion. Now let us explore the IELTS linking words and how linking words for IELTS add coherence to a sentence.

What is Linking Words in IELTS?

Linking words or Transition words are Adverbs that act as conjunctions. They are the easiest and the most effective ways to connect ideas in a sentence. Using linking words in writing makes it much more appealing. Few examples are: Nevertheless, Particularly, Thus, Naturally, etc.

Why do We use Linking Words or Connectors for Writing Task?

Linking words are a fantastic grammatical as well as a stylistic tool to make your writing sing! Here are a few functions of linking words:

• Linking words are essential to make your writing clear.
• Provide cohesion to the writing.
• Illustrate how the clauses/ parts of the text are related to each other.
• Add extra information to the main point, like contrast, emphasis or a list of examples.
• They help express purpose and opinion.
• They help make a suitable conclusion.

Also Read: Check These Vocabulary Words for IELTS Speaking to Boost-up Your Band Score

How to Use Linking Words Correctly in IELTS?

It must be remembered before you start using linking words or linker for IELTS randomly, that linking words are emphatic. Therefore, should be used in moderation, if not sparingly. Here are some ways you can use linking words in IELTS writing task-

• They show the logical connection between clauses, sentences or paragraphs, therefore you cannot go overboard with them.
• Their position in a sentence is like that of conjunction. For example:
• I like fruits, especially mangoes. Or,
• They arranged a ride for us; particularly, for Emma, because she twisted her ankle.
• You should use appropriate linking words. In the examples cited above, you cannot interchange the linking words (written in bold). Remember that, there are specific words for specific actions.
• In most cases linking words are followed by a comma.

List of Connectors for IELTS Writing Task

Coherence and cohesion in your IELTS writing task 2, carries 25% marks , which is quite a lot if you think about it. You need to show a range of linking words so that the examiner can award you a high score. Following is a list of Linking words and their contexts:

Also Read: Worried about Common Grammar Mistakes? Check this out!

How many Linking Words should be used in IELTS Writing?

Make sure your writing contains a good sprinkling of IELTS linking words. Using too much of them would throw off the readers from one thought to another, thus reminding them of a bad roller-coaster ride!

IELTS writing task 2 marks you on:

• Task response
• Coherence and cohesion
• Lexical resource
• Grammar range and accuracy.

Coherence and cohesion alone contain 25% of the full marks. Therefore, to achieve a good score in writing task 2, it is necessary to master linking words. Your examiner will mark you on how well you have used different types of linking words in various contexts. To sum it up, use a wide range of linking words in your writing, but make sure to use them sparingly.

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Shilpa is a professional web content writer and is in deep love with travelling. She completed her mass communication degree and is now dedicatedly playing with words to guide her readers to get the best for themselves. Developing educational content for UPSC, IELTS aspirants from breakthrough research work is her forte. Strongly driven by her zodiac sign Sagittarius, Shilpa loves to live her life on her own notes and completely agrees with the idea of ‘live and let live. Apart from writing and travelling, most of the time she can be seen in the avatar of 'hooman' mom to her pets and street dogs or else you can also catch her wearing the toque blanche and creating magic in the kitchen on weekends.

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Linking Words for IELTS Writing

What are linking words and phrases.

Linking words and phrases are words connecting ideas together in a text. It shows that two things are related in some way, or that the point you are making has supporting information. Linking words can be found at the start of paragraphs, but also in the middle of sentences to connect two ideas together too.

25% of the IELTS writing score is for coherence and cohesion, in other words, writing clearly. Linking words to join two ideas together are a big part of cohesion to make sure that your writing ‘flows’ well and every sentence makes sense.

Here are some examples of common prepositions, conjunctions and adverbs used in academic writing.

Prepositions/ prepositional phrases ( come before noun phrases )

Conjunctions ( join two clauses in one sentence )

Adverbs/Adverbial phrases ( join two sentences )

Cause/effect because of, due to, because, as a result, therefore

Opposition despite, in spite of, but, although, even though, however

Contrast  but, whereas, on the other hand,

Addition  and furthermore, in addition, moreover

Example such as, for example

Why is it important to get linking words right?

It’s very common for students to use long words they don’t understand very well in their essays because they have a certain idea of what academic writing should be. Many students believe that academic writing is wordy and convoluted, and uses a lot of jargon. This leads many students to fall into a trap of imagining that the longer the word, the more impressive and intelligent their writing will seem.

We often see long sentences and multisyllabic words where shorter sentences and simpler words would do. Some students even use Microsoft Word’s thesaurus function to replace a common word with a more complicated word. This is a risky move, because unless you’re very careful, the new word may not carry quite the same meaning as the original, even if it’s similar. In short, NEVER try to paraphrase a fixed expression, and many linking phrases are fixed expressions!

The result can range from quite entertaining to confusing, which defeats the purpose of academic writing: to be as clear and concise as possible, using just the right words to convey your argument. Using uncommon words, instead of making your paper seem smarter, generally detracts from your ideas.

To avoid this, using linking or transition words that signpost your arguments can help to clarify your views and show the reader what to expect from certain paragraphs or sentences. These words give structure to the whole, helping you to organise your ideas and assist the reader in understanding them.

Let’s look at an example – Giving a Result

Use : To provide the result of what has been stated or has occurred

Example linking words for giving a result :

As a result

Consequently

For this reason

• His wife left him.  As a result , he became very depressed.
• Many refugees do not have enough money.  Therefore  they cannot afford good quality housing.
• There has been a great deal of rain and  consequently,  the reservoirs are full.
• For this reason , they are not a good choice for exterior use.
• Due to  a broken wing, this bird can’t fly.

What words will make my writing sound good in IELTS?

Describing similarities

Correspondingly

Not only… but also

In the same way

Showing cause and effect

Hence (never ‘hence why’)

Since (try to avoid ‘as’ when showing cause and effect)

Accordingly

This suggests that

It follows that

Comparing and contrasting

Alternatively

On the other hand

On the contrary

Showing limitation or contradiction

Despite/in spite of

While (not whilst!)

Nevertheless

Nonetheless

To illustrate

Further (not ‘furthermore’)

First, second and third (not firstly, secondly and thirdly)

For instance

In addition

Concluding (use these phrases at the beginning of your conclusion paragraph)

To summarise

It can be concluded that

As can be seen

Given the above

As described

How to use linking words with examples

Linking words to add more information.

These words simply add additional information to your sentence or paragraph to show that two ideas are connected. Here are some examples:

• It started to rain  and  I got soaked – ‘and’ is the linking word that connects the two ideas of the individual being in the rain and getting soaked.
• It can’t be the dog’s fault  nor  the cat’s – ‘nor’ connects the idea that neither the cat or dog was at fault.
• We could go shopping first  then  get a bite to eat – ‘then’ shows that both ideas are connected, it also adds some sequence to the sentence by showing the order of things.

Linking Words to Contrast a Point

Sometimes you need to link two ideas together that are actually opposites in terms of what you are trying to say. Here are some words that will help you do that:

• Annie could have gone for a run  but  she decided she was too tired – ‘but’ connects two ideas that are related, but they oppose one another. She could have gone for a run, but she didn’t.
• It’s my turn to make dinner tonight  although  a takeout might be easier – ‘although’ provides an opposite argument again, so it links the ideas in a contrasting way.
• Carrots seemed to be the bunnies preferred food.  On the other hand ,  lettuce was chosen second most frequently and the difference was marginal – ‘on the other hand’ shows clearly to the reader that a different point of view is coming.

Linking Words to Support a Point

If you’re trying to prove something or say something happened as a result of something else, then you will need words like the following:

• I did badly on my test  because  I didn’t study – ‘because’ gets the reader ready to learn  why  somebody didn’t do well on their test.
• I could have done something differently,  in fact, we all could have – ‘in fact’ shows that the two ideas are linked together and support one another.
• Jack had been sad  since  his girlfriend broke up with him – ‘since’ is being used here to explain why Jack was sad, so it links the ideas again.

There are many, many options for linking words but remember, the key to success in IELTS is to only use words and phrases you are confident with. It’s better to use ten linking words accurately and appropriately in your essays than twenty that are incorrect.

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Linking Words for IELTS Essay Writing

Presenting your opinion:, agree/ disagree:, giving examples: , listing points: , reasons and causes: , adding information:, results and consequences: , to indicate time:, highlighting & emphasising: , presenting contrast:, presenting comparison: , linking words for conclusion:.

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Linking Words & Cohesive Devices for IELTS

Linking words, also known as cohesive devices or simply connecting words, are the words that help you better connect ideas and make your language more fluent.

Knowing linking words for IELTS is like having a powerful secret tool in your pocket that you can use to improve your score.

If you show that you can effectively use linking words in the IELTS writing and speaking test, it will help you boost your score.

It is worth learning linking words since this is the easiest way to raise your IELTS band score to the next level.

Linking Words for IELTS Writing and Speaking

To list points.

• Firstly, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• In the first place, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• To start with, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• Secondly, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• Thirdly, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• Finally, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.

To add more points on a topic

• What is more, the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• The city should also conduct inspections of zoos.
• Apart from this/that / In addition to this, the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• Moreover, the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• Besides, the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• The city should conduct inspections of zoos too .
• ... not to mention the fact that the city should conduct inspections of zoos.

To list advantages/disadvantages

• One of the greatest advantages of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• Another great advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• One other advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• A further advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• The main advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• The first/greatest advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.

To express effect/phrases for a result

• Lots of factories have closed down; therefore , many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down; thus , many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down; consequently , many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down so many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down; as a consequence , many people have lost their jobs.
• As a result, ... / Eventually, ...

To make contrasting points

• Killing endangered species is illegal; nevertheless , people will not stop hunting them.
• In spite of the fact that killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Killing endangered species is illegal, but people will not stop hunting them.
• While killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Even if killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Even though killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Although killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Killing endangered species is illegal; at the same time , people will not stop hunting them.

To emphasise what you say

• Clearly, research has proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduces the risk of heart disease.
• Obviously, research has proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduces the risk of heart disease.
• Of course, research has proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduces the risk of heart disease.
• In particular, researchers have proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduces the risk of heart disease.

To express reality

• Actually, the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a masters' degree in the future.
• As a matter of fact, the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a masters' degree in the future.
• In practice, the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a masters' degree in the future.
• The fact of the matter is the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a masters' degree in the future.

To express the difference between appearance and reality

• On the face of it, the building looked safe, but after a detailed inspection, it was reported to be in need of major structural repairs.
• Apparently, the building looked safe, but after a detailed inspection, it was reported to be in need of major structural repairs.

To state an argument against your opinion

• It is popularly believed that the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.
• People often claim that the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.
• It is often alleged that the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.
• It is fact that the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.

To state other people's opinions

• Some people argue that the mayor's proposal to raise local taxes is unfair.
• A lot of people think/believe that the mayor's proposal to raise local taxes is unfair.

To introduce the other side of the argument

• However, there are people who believe that increasing the school year will only overwork students.
• Those who oppose increasing the school year claim that it will only overwork students.

To express balance

• On the one hand, working for a large company is prestigious, but it can be very stressful.
• Working for a large company is prestigious, but on the other hand, it can be very stressful.
• John is a hard-working person, whereas Ann isn't.

To give examples

• For example, in the past six months retailers have reported a 25% drop in sales of electronic equipment.
• For instance, ... / In particular, ... / To illustrate, ...

To refer to what actually happens

• In effect, consumers spend more money on luxury items.

To make general statements

• Generally, girls get better exam results than boys.
• In general, girls get better exam results than boys.
• As a general rule, girls get better exam results than boys.
• On the whole, girls get better exam results than boys.

To make partly correct statements

• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have, up to a point, tried to create more positions.
• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have, to a certain extent, tried to create more positions.
• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have, in a way, tried to create more positions.
• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have, in a sense, tried to create more positions.

To express limit of knowledge

• To the best of my knowledge, residents were opposed to the city's plan to build a nuclear power plant in their area.
• For all I know residents were opposed to the city's plan to build a nuclear power plant in the area.

To rephrase

• That is to say, they disagree with the manager's decision.

To bring up other points or aspects

• Regarding the community, the area is in need of a new elementary school.
• With regards to the community, the area is in need of a new elementary school.
• As for the community, the area is in need of a new elementary school.

To express a personal opinion

• To my mind/way of thinking, department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• I personally believe department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• It strikes me that department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• I feel very strongly that department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• I am inclined to believe that department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• It seems to me that department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• As far as I am concerned department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.

To refer to other sources

• With reference to, this report, that brand of sun cream causes irritation to sensitive skin.

To express cause

• Because of the harsh winter, many crops were destroyed.
• Owing to the harsh winter, many crops were destroyed.
• For this reason, many crops were destroyed.

To imply that nothing else needs to be said

• Anyway, a new community centre will greatly benefit the people of the town.
• In any case, a new community centre will greatly benefit the people of the town.

Accepting the situation

• As it is, the situation cannot be improved.
• Things being as they are, the situation cannot be improved.

To conclude

• Finally, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• Lastly, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• Above all, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• All in all, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• Taking everything into account, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• On the whole, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• All things considered, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• In conclusion, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• As I have said, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• As was previously stated, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• To sum up, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.

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Free English Lessons

Ielts writing linking words and phrases – video.

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In this lesson, you can learn how to use linking words and phrases in the IELTS writing exam.

Linking words and phrases are important for your ielts writing, especially for the ielts writing task 2 essay . using linking words well can make a big difference to your coherence and cohesion score, which is 25% of your writing score., even if you’re not preparing for an ielts exam and just want to improve your english writing generally, this lesson could help you, quiz: ielts writing linking words and phrases.

Test your understanding of the lesson with this quiz!

There are 20 questions. Press ‘Finish Quiz’ at the end to see your score.

You can then choose ‘View Questions’ to review all the answers, or ‘Restart Quiz’ to try again.

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Click ‘view questions’ to see the correct answers and explanations for each question.

1 . Question

Write one word in the space.

to rising salary expectations, it is becoming increasingly expensive for companies to recruit qualified staff.

The word has three letters.

2 . Question

Governments should make it easier for people of working age to save for retirement, so people can live independently in old age.

The word has four letters.

3 . Question

Write four words in the space.

, modern communications technology makes it easier to get in touch with people, even if they live in another country. On the other hand, needing to respond to messages and emails at all times of day is bad for people’s work-life balance.

The words have two, three, three and four letters.

4 . Question

Write three words in the space.

Young professionals are moving to urban centres in increasing numbers, in fact that the cost of living is rising faster than average salaries, and competition for high-paying jobs is fierce.

The words have five, two and three letters.

5 . Question

Unfortunately, we were unable to catch our flight _________ the rail delays, which made it impossible to get to the airport on time.

• in spite of

The linking word indicates a reason.

6 . Question

Dieting has been shown in multiple studies to be an ineffective way of losing weight. ________, people who try to lose weight by dieting often end up gaining the weight back, plus some extra.

• In addition to

The linking word introduces an additional related idea.

7 . Question

Companies should allow employees to set their own working schedules, ________ workers can have more control over their work-life balance, and also work in accordance with their natural rhythms, which vary from one individual to another.

• in order to
• in addition

The linking words indicate a reason.

8 . Question

Investing in public transport infrastructure, such as subway systems or trams, is an effective way of reducing traffic congestion in large cities, ________ it is undeniably expensive.

• nevertheless
• on the other hand

There is a clause (subject + verb) after the gap, so you need to choose the conjunction.

9 . Question

Which of these linking words/phrases can be used to show addition?

• furthermore

Choose two answers.

10 . Question

Which of these linking words/phrases can be used to show contrast?

• consequently

Choose three answers.

11 . Question

Which of these linking words/phrases are conjunctions?

• in spite of the fact that

There’s only one correct answer this time. A conjunction is a word that goes before a clause (subject + verb); two of the incorrect answers are adverbs and two are prepositions.

12 . Question

Which of these linking words/phrases are adverbs?

Four answers are adverbs, so there’s only one that you do not need to choose – it’s a preposition.

13 . Question

Move the sentence parts to make a complete sentence.

• Although medical technology
• increased very little.
• life expectancy in many
• recent decades,
• parts of the world has
• has advanced greatly in

View Answers:

14 . Question

• sweet food can cause mood swings
• eating large quantities of
• In addition
• and lethargy in the short term, too.
• a diet high in sugar,
• to the long-term dangers of

15 . Question

• prefer to live alone.
• more one- and two-room apartments
• Many cities are building
• accommodate young professionals,

16 . Question

• demand for school places 
• children or even choosing 
• Many couples are having fewer
• not to have children at all; 
• is falling in many areas.
• as a result, 

17 . Question

True or false: if you use more linking words and phrases in your IELTS writing exam, you will get a higher score.

18 . Question

True or false: if you use a linking word/phrase to join two ideas, then those ideas are automatically connected to each other.

19 . Question

True or false: linking words/phrases can be different parts of speech, meaning that you need to use them in different structures.

20 . Question

True or false: it’s better for your IELTS writing score to use a small number of linking words/phrases well.

Let’s start with a question. You’re thinking about ‘linking words’. Many students ask about ‘linking words’; they ask things like, “What linking words should I use in my IELTS essay?” But what are ‘linking words’, and why are they important?

1. What Do Linking Words Do?

What are linking words? How would you answer this question? First, ‘linking words’ includes both words and phrases. There are single words, like ‘however’, and phrases, like ‘as a result.’ Secondly, linking words can be conjunctions, like ‘and’ or ‘because’, which you use in the middle of a sentence. Linking words can also be adverbs, like ‘consequently’ or ‘on the other hand’, which you generally use at the start of a new sentence.

Next, what do linking words do? Why do you need to use them? This is an important question, but it has a simple answer: linking words make your writing clearer for your reader. That’s it. There’s no other reason to use linking words. Remember this, because many of the problems which IELTS students have with linking words relate to this point. Don’t use linking words because you want to sound academic, or because you want to impress the examiner, or because you think using linking words is necessary to get higher scores. It is necessary to use linking words to get higher scores, but you need to use them in the right way. You use linking words to make the structure of your ideas clearer. What does this mean? Let’s look at an example together. Read this sentence:

• Overreliance on private cars not only leads to more congestion, but also causes severe air pollution in many large cities.

Next, imagine that the next sentence starts with ‘also,’ ‘on the other hand,’ or ‘consequently’. What do these tell you? What do you know if you see that the first word of the next sentence is ‘also’? What’s the difference between using ‘also’ or ‘on the other hand’? These linking words show you the direction of the next sentence. If the next sentence starts with ‘also’, you know that it will add another, similar point. If it starts with ‘on the other hand’, you know that the writer will make a contrasting point. If it starts with ‘consequently’, you know that the writer will describe a result of this situation. This is why you use linking words, and this is why they can be powerful if used correctly. In this example, you can know the general idea of the next sentence before you read it. This makes your writing easier to follow.

Next, let’s look at the details of using linking words well in your IELTS writing tasks.

2. Linking Words by Function

Learning about linking words and phrases for your IELTS writing exam can be overwhelming. There are so many words and phrases: ‘in addition’, ‘although’, ‘except for’, ‘due to’… There are tens of things you could study. However, we’ve got good news for you! You don’t need to learn big lists of words. So, what should you do? The best way is to think about linking words in terms of function. You also need to understand the grammar of the linking words you study, which you’ll learn about in the next section. But first, what do we mean by ‘function’? Many different linking words do the same job. For example, ‘however’, ‘on the other hand’, ‘nevertheless’ and ‘although’ all show a contrast between two related—but different—things. This doesn’t mean they’re exactly the same, but they are similar.

So, what else can linking words do? Linking words can connect similar ideas together. Let’s call this ‘addition’. A very simple example is ‘and’. You can also use ‘furthermore’, ‘in addition’, ‘also’, or ‘moreover’. Linking words can show the reason or purpose of something, like ‘because’, ‘due to’, ‘in order to’, or ‘so that’. You can use linking words to connect a cause and effect, like ‘therefore’, ‘so’, ‘consequently’ or ‘as a result’. There are others, but this is a good starting point. Remember these four functions: contrast, addition, reason or purpose, and cause-effect. Let’s practise! Look at four sentences. Each has a linking word or phrase highlighted in bold. Can you say what function the linking word or phrase has in each sentence?

• In my personal experience, people certainly spend less time reading books than in the past. I think this is due to the variety of digital entertainment options that people have nowadays.
• Eating a high-sugar diet has been linked to several serious diseases, most prominently diabetes. Moreover, it causes tooth decay and dental problems.
• Although advertising is ubiquitous in the modern world, it is also largely ineffective.
• Many schools now spend most of their teaching time preparing children to pass exams. As a result, many young people lack the practical skills which employers are seeking.

Ready? Let’s look at the answers. In the first sentence, ‘due to’ expresses a reason. In the second sentence, ‘moreover’ expresses addition. You’re making one point, then using ‘moreover’ to add a second point on the same topic. In the third sentence, ‘although’ shows a contrast. In the fourth sentence, ‘as a result’ connects a cause and its effect. So, what should you do here? Here’s the most important point: you don’t need to know every linking word and phrase to get a high score in your IELTS writing exam. You need maybe two or three linking words for each function. That means you need two to three linking words to express addition, two to three linking words to express contrast, and so on.

There’s one thing you should know: linking words can have other functions which we haven’t covered here. That’s because we don’t want this lesson to be hours long. Examples include: showing similarity, showing a sequence of events in time, or expressing conditions. However, the basic idea is the same. Don’t try to learn big lists of linking words. Instead, focus on functions. For each function, learn two to three linking words and phrases. This is simpler and easier for you. You should do this now: write down a list of functions, and write down two to three linking words for each. You can use the functions and linking words from this section, or you can add your own. Pause the video and do it now!

Ready? Let’s see what else you need to know to use linking words and phrases well in your IELTS writing exam.

3. Linking Word Grammar

To use a linking word or phrase well in your writing, you need to know two things. One: you need to know the function, which you learned about in the last section. Two: you need to know the grammar of the linking word or phrase. Let’s look at this now!

Linking words and phrases can be divided into three categories. First, some linking words are conjunctions. Most are subordinating conjunctions, meaning that they need to be used in a sentence with at least two clauses. For example, ‘because’ and ‘although’ are both subordinating conjunctions. After these words, you add a clause. Then, you need another, independent clause to complete the sentence. For example:

• I need to ask for some time off work because I am planning to attend a training course.
• Although social media can help people to connect with each other, it also has several significant disadvantages.

Secondly, some linking words are prepositions . This means you need to use a noun after the linking word. ‘Due to’, ‘despite’ and ‘because of’ are all prepositions. For example:

• Despite the well-known health benefits of regular exercise, many people still lead mostly sedentary lifestyles.
• Young professionals are increasingly moving to smaller cities because of the high cost of living in large urban centres.

Finally, many linking words are adverbs, like ‘on the other hand’ or ‘therefore’. These are generally used at the beginning of a sentence. When you use adverbs like this, you need to put a comma afterwards. For example:

• Freedom of the press is more important than individuals’ rights to privacy. Therefore, newspapers should be able to publish stories about the private lives of celebrities if they choose to.
• Of course, elderly people should be paid a pension which reflects the money they paid into the social security system during their working lives. On the other hand, the pension system needs to be sustainable over the long term.

This is most of what you need to know about linking word grammar. Is your linking word or phrase a conjunction, a preposition, or an adverb? We have a task for you! At the end of part two, you wrote down linking words that you wanted to learn. Now, use an online dictionary like Cambridge or Longman , and find out if the words you wrote down are conjunctions, prepositions, or adverbs. Find links to some useful dictionaries on the Oxford Online English Resources page .

Done? There are still a couple of things you need to think about. One problem is that similar-looking words can be different parts of speech. For example, ‘because’ is a conjunction, but ‘because of’ is a preposition. ‘In spite of’ is a preposition, but ‘in spite of the fact that’ is a conjunction. So, don’t assume that linking words are used in the same way just because they look similar. Another problem is that some linking words can be more than one part of speech. For example, ‘so’ can be an adverb or a conjunction. What should you do with this information? Let’s look in more detail!

4. Using Linking Words in Your IELTS Writing

At this point, you hopefully have short lists of linking words, divided by function. You should also know which part of speech each linking word is. Let’s think: why are you doing things in this way? How will this help you in your IELTS writing exam? Here’s what you need to remember: it’s much more effective to know a small number of linking words or phrases and know how to use them really well. Many IELTS students take the opposite path. They learn lots and lots of linking words, but they don’t know how to use them correctly. This won’t help your IELTS writing score. It’s much more important to focus on accuracy.

So, what should you do next? Your next task is to find out exactly how your linking words are used. Linking words with the same function aren’t always the same. Many linking words have a very specific meaning. For example, ‘furthermore’ and ‘besides’ are both used to add information to a topic, but they aren’t the same. Do you know why not? ‘Furthermore’ is used to add a point which is more important than your first idea. For example:

• Using plastic products generates litter which harms the environment. Furthermore, plastic can take hundreds of years to degrade.

In this case, you’re saying that the second point, after ‘furthermore’ is more important than the first point. ‘Besides’ is used to add a point which is often less important than your main idea. For example:

• Smoking has been proven to cause many serious illnesses. Besides, it is an expensive habit.

In this case, you’re saying that the second point, after ‘besides’, is not more important than the first point. You’re adding an extra point which is not essential to your argument. We’re not doing this because you need to learn about ‘furthermore’ and ‘besides’. The point is that every linking word is used in a slightly different way. To improve your IELTS writing score, you need to understand exactly how to use linking words. How can you do this? Here are a few suggestions. First, use online dictionaries to find example sentences. The Cambridge dictionary has many examples for each word.

Next, try to understand what makes this linking word different from other, similar linking words. Is it more formal, or more conversational? Is it only used in very specific situations?

Finally, check your ideas. If you can ask a teacher, then do that. If not, use online resources such as Quora or the Wordreference forums. By the way, you can find links to all the resources mentioned in this lesson below the video. This is a big topic, and there’s a lot of information in this video; however, you haven’t even seen the most important thing about linking words yet…

5. Linking Words and Logic

Here’s the most important idea about linking words: you can’t connect ideas with linking words. What? That doesn’t make sense, you say. What do linking words do if they don’t connect ideas? Linking words don’t connect ideas; they highlight a connection which is already there. They make the connection—which already exists—clearer to your reader. This is important because it’s one of the biggest problems IELTS students have with linking words. IELTS candidates know they need to use linking words, so they do. But, very often, their linking words don’t fit the logic of their ideas. This is a common feature of band six writing.

Here’s an example, which is from a real practice essay written by one of our students:

• On the other hand, one of the major counter argument is that we are living in a consumer society, where trade war is very common between manufacturing companies and countries. For instance, if a vast amount of information is delivered from the mobile giant Apple, then it could lose not only its leadership but also its huge business in this modern sophisticated world.

We see this problem all the time. There’s a linking phrase—‘for instance’—which should be used to introduce an example of the preceding point. But, in this case, the points before and after the linking word are not obviously connected at all. The point after ‘for instance’ is certainly not an example of a trade war between manufacturing companies or countries. Remember: this is very common, and it’s also a common reason why students can’t get scores above six or six point five. If you do this in your writing, your coherence and cohesion score will be limited to six maximum. We’ll say it again: you can’t create a connection by using a linking word or phrase. The connection is already there, in the logic of your ideas. You use the linking word to highlight the connection which already exists.

So, to use linking words well, you need to have a clear understanding of your essay structure and how your ideas are organised. This mostly depends on planning before you start writing your answer. If your ideas aren’t well-organised in your mind, then using linking words won’t help you. Like you heard, this is a big topic, so let’s review what you should do.

• Divide linking words according to the idea they express. Start by learning two to three linking words or phrases for each function.
• Understand the grammar of each linking word; find out what part of speech it is, and how to use it in a sentence.
• Go into more detail. Many words have a similar meaning, but very few words have exactly the same meaning. Most words have unique features which you need to know about if you want to use the word well.
• Practise planning and make sure your ideas are well-organised before you start writing. Effective linking depends on logic and structure, not on the words and phrases you use.

Good luck if you have an IELTS exam coming up soon, and thanks for watching!

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IELTS Connectors for Task 1 & Task 2: Linking Words for IELTS Writing 2024

• Updated On February 6, 2024
• Published In IELTS Preparation 💻

The IELTS Exam is a globally acknowledged English language proficiency test widely accepted in many countries, including the USA, UK, Canada, Australia, and others. Every year, over three million people take the IELTS exam, which is growing steadily. It comprises 4 sections- 

Table of Contents

The IELTS Writing Test is different for IELTS Academic and I ELTS General . The Academic test will contain topics suitable for anyone entering a university or professional institution. The General Training test will have topics based on general interest.

The Writing test takes 60 minutes , and there are two tasks to complete:

• Task 1 : It is recommended to spend 20 minutes on Task 1 , which requires you to write at least 150 words.
• Task 2 : This task requires at least 250 words and should take about 40 minutes. Task 2 contributes twice as much as Task 1 to your score.

The IELTS writing section is primarily evaluated based on how well the ideas are organised and connected effectively. You must learn and equip yourself with grammatical resources to score well in this section. IELTS essay linking words or connectors are a grammatical resource that shows the IELTS examiner a firm grasp of the language.

In this blog, we will understand more about connectors for Task 1 and Task 2 and how using them appropriately will boost your overall score in your IELTS Writing Test.

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Importance of Connectors in IELTS Writing Task

Linking words is a crucial grammatical tool that makes an essay more readable to the examiner. They help in sentence construction and connect two related parts of a text. Linkers can also put forth their opinions comprehensively and display excellent knowledge and a variety of vocabulary. 

Here are a few more reasons to use linkers in IELTS:

• They make the paragraph clear.
• They provide a smooth flow to the written piece.
• Help in illustrating how the parts or clauses of a text are connected.
• They add more information to a point. 
• They help in expressing opinion or purpose.
• They help in constructing a suitable conclusion.

Using Linking Words in IELTS

You need to know that connecting words cannot be used everywhere. Additionally, linkers for IELTS speaking are used differently from IELTS writing .  For example, one can use ‘like’ while speaking. On the other hand, words like at this moment and therefore work well in writing tasks. Also, remember that linkers must come naturally while forming a sentence. Forcing a connector amid a sentence will result in an awkward sentence composition. 

Linking Words For Academic Writing Task 1 

In IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, you are generally given visual information. Depending upon the information provided, you must write a report of a minimum of 150 words. IELTS Connectors in Task 1 can be helpful in:

• Outlining transition between the description of one visual to the other.
• Comparing the key features of the graphs.
• Pointing out or highlighting important details of the visuals.

Linking Words For General Writing Task 1 

In IELTS General Writing Task 1, you must write a letter responding to a given situation. Linking words for Task 1 is helpful in:

• Introducing the purpose of the letter.
• Organising your ideas coherently.
• Making clear connections between different paragraphs.
• Highlighting important information in the letter.

IELTS Essay Linking Words For Writing Task 2

The second writing task is the same for academic and general; you must write an essay based on a prompt or a statement. Linking words for task 2 are useful in:

• Transitioning between paragraphs.
• Presenting your opinion.
• Give examples and reasons.
• Explain the consequences and/or conditions of various scenarios.

Types of IELTS Connectors for Task 1 and Task 2

Examiners evaluate your tasks by assessing linkers and connectors’ accuracy, range, and flexibility. The following list highlights the category of connectors that can help you secure a good grade in the IELTS writing section:

Adding information

Providing examples, stressing and highlighting, consequences and results, causes and reasons, contrasts and concessions, providing opinion.

Below is a comprehensive list of examples of different categories of connectors that you can use in your sentence construction . 

This linker is used to support your major points in the essay. These IELTS essay linking words inform the examiner that additional information is coming up. 

Some of them are mentioned below with examples.

• Furthermore – The company has decided to expand its operations to Gujrat. Furthermore , they also plan to increase their marketing efforts in the region.
• Additionally – We have hired a new designer for the project. Additionally , we have also brought in a consultant to provide us with an outside perspective.
• In addition to the regular benefits, employees are also eligible for a performance-based bonus.
• Also – The company is launching a new product line next month. Also , they plan to host a launch event to promote the new products.
• Moreover – The company’s profits have increased significantly this year. Moreover , they have also managed to reduce their operating expenses.
• And – I need to pick up some groceries after work today, and I also need to stop by the post office to mail a package.
• As well as – The project requires a team of developers as well as a team of designers to complete the work on time.

Lists are often used to present pointers in a paragraph. Proper use of listing vocabulary in essays makes it more formal and precise.

Here are a few connectors that you can use to list your paragraph.

• Firstly , I need to wake up early tomorrow to catch my flight.
• Secondly , I have to finish my presentation before the deadline.
• Thirdly , I must buy some groceries on my way home from work.
• Fourthly , I need to call my doctor to schedule an appointment.
• Lastly , I plan to spend the weekend with my family and friends.

Examples are often helpful in providing support to ideas. You must make sure to use a range of linking words to illustrate your arguments through such words.

Here are some examples of connectors for providing examples to your task. 

• For instance , many online courses, such as Duolingo and Rosetta Stone, are available for learning a new language.
• For example , there are many different types of music, such as rock, pop, jazz, and classical.
• To cite an example , many people believe that climate change is caused by human activity.
• To illustrate : To illustrate let’s say you are writing an essay about the importance of exercise. You could provide a graph that shows the correlation between exercise and improved health.
• Namely : There are four seasons in a year, namely spring, summer, fall, and winter.
• Such as : Many different types of animals live in the ocean, such as sharks, whales, and dolphins.
• In other words : The government plans to increase the taxes on luxury items. In other words , items considered non-essential and expensive will be taxed more.

It is essential to be clear about the intent of the passage. These IELTS essay linking words help you stress major points so they are not missed:

A few of them are mentioned below with model sentences.

• Specifically : Specifically , we need to increase our response time to customer inquiries to improve our overall customer service.
• Especially : I especially love all fruits, especially strawberries and blueberries.
• In particular : I am interested in learning about the history of art, in particular , the impressionist movement.
• Particularly : I am not fond of spicy food, particularly dishes that use a lot of chilli peppers.
• Obviously , we cannot proceed with the project without proper funding.
• Clearly : The instructions provided in the manual need to be written and can be confusing.
• Of course : Of course , I would be happy to help you with your project.

These connectors are helpful when you need to explain the consequence or result of something. 

Below are examples of connectors that can be used to explain consequences and results, with sample sentences demonstrating their usage.

• As a result : He was late to the meeting as a result of heavy traffic.
• Therefore : She didn’t eat any cake, therefore she didn’t gain any weight.
• Thus : The company’s profits increased, and thus, they could expand their business.
• Consequently , The team lost the game, and consequently, they didn’t qualify for the playoffs.
• For this reason , she didn’t want to go on the rollercoaster, so she waited for her friends on the ground.
• So : He forgot his keys at home, so he had to call his wife to bring them to him.
• Hence : The weather was terrible, hence the flight was delayed.

While writing an essay, there may be instances where you would have to provide causes or reasons for a particular statement. These linkers can help do so.

Here are some examples of connectors for causes and reasons for your task. 

• Due to : Due to the heavy rainfall, the streets were flooded.
• Because : I couldn’t attend the meeting because I was feeling sick.
• Owing to the staff shortage, the company had to postpone the project deadline.
• As it was raining heavily, we decided to stay indoors and watch a movie.
• Since : Since I am allergic to seafood, I cannot eat sushi.

There is often the need to add opposite ideas to an essay. This is important in discussion essays, where one needs to provide in-depth details. 

The below-mentioned linking words will help you when you are going to introduce an opposing point.

• Nevertheless, the weather was terrible, so we decided to picnic.
• However, I studied hard for the exam and didn’t do well.
• Admittedly – Admittedly , I have not been following the news lately.
• Although – Although it was raining, we still went for a walk.
• Even though – Even though she was tired, she continued working on the project.
• Despite the fact that he was sick, he managed to complete his work on time.
• But – She wanted to go to the party but had to finish her work first.
• Still – He failed the test twice, but I would still like to mention that specifically, we need to focus on improving our customer service and not giving up.

These connectors are the most useful in concluding a sentence and lending a final summary of their response.

Some of them are mentioned below.

• To sum up , we have seen that the company’s sales have been steadily increasing over the past year.
• To conclude , based on the evidence presented, it can be said that the defendant is guilty of the crime.
• In conclusion , to improve your overall health, it is recommended that you eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and get enough sleep.

You can address their opinion more confidently and concisely using these linkers.

Below is a list of some linking words for providing information.

• I believe that love is the strongest force in the universe.
• I admit that I was not paying attention during the meeting.
• In my opinion , reading is one of the best ways to relax and unwind.
• I think that exercising regularly is important for maintaining good health.

IELTS Linking Words Practice Question

One of the key skills that the test measures is the ability to use a range of linking words or phrases in writing and speaking tasks. Linking words helps to connect ideas and create coherence between sentences, paragraphs, and overall discourse. Some common examples of linking words include, nevertheless, additionally and more. Practising with linking words can help test-takers improve their writing and speaking skills and achieve better scores on the IELTS exam. Here are some linking practice questions for Writing Tasks.

IELTS Linking Words Practice Question for Writing Task 1

Here is a practice task with IELTS writing connectors that will help you understand the usage and importance of connectors in IELTS writing task 1.

These graphs show several key trends. 1. ____, in general terms, more than 70% of the population owned computers in 2000. 2. ____, this figure jumped to around 78% over the coming eight years.

3. ____, these figures varied as per group. 4. ____, service members were always ahead of the general population. Roughly three-quarters of service members owned computers in 2000. That figure jumped massively to reach 80% by 2008. 5. ____ Non-high school finishers began with only a 12% computer ownership rate, which climbed to around 45% in eight years.

• To start with, firstly, first of all
• Nevertheless, however, but
• Nevertheless, on the other hand
• Any example connector can be used here, like, for example, for instance, and except ‘such as’ because this is the start of a sentence.
• Any comparison connector

IELTS Linking Words: Practice Question for Writing Task 2

You can practice IELTS essay linking words through this practice task.

The prompt: Parents must refrain from pressuring their children to pursue a particular career. Young people should be free to choose the professional path that they like. Do you agree or disagree with this sentence?

• _____ Young people must be free to choose, especially in their professional path. Some parents want their children to take up an exciting profession. These wishes are entirely normal and usually not harmful.
• 2. ____ It can be harmful if these desires become strong expectations. 3. _____ freedom to a child does not necessarily mean that the parent needs to be absent. Instead, parents should openly communicate with their children about their career decisions. 4. _____, if one’s dreams do not line up with their parents, they may, 5_____, fear approaching them in fear of judgment. 
• Any opinion connector except ‘I agree’ or ‘I concur’ will work here. This is because it is the introductory line.
• Nevertheless, on the other hand, however, but
• Any example connector will fit here except ‘such as’ because this is the starting sentence.
• Accordingly, as a result, consequently, therefore, for that reason, etc.

In summary, using appropriate connectors in IELTS Writing can significantly enhance your essay’s readability and coherence, demonstrating your firm grasp of the language. With the help of the above mentioned categories and examples of linkers, you can effectively connect your ideas and illustrate your arguments comprehensively to score well in the IELTS Writing section. 

Remember, practice makes perfect, so practice using these connectors in your essays to succeed in your IELTS exam. Good luck!

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. what factors do examiners consider to evaluate the ielts writing tasks.

A. When evaluating IELTS writing tasks, examiners consider several factors, including lexical resource, task achievement, grammar accuracy and range, coherence and cohesion. Lexical resource refers to your ability to appropriately use a wide range of vocabulary. Task achievement assesses how well you have fulfilled the task’s requirements, including the organisation of ideas and coherence. Grammar accuracy and range assess your use of correct grammar and sentence structures. Coherence and cohesion assess how well you can connect and link ideas within and between paragraphs. These factors are crucial in determining your overall writing score.

Q . What are the main topics for the IELTS essay writing task?

A. Some of the most popular topics for this task are related to academics, such as economics, education, business, family, environment, etc. The essay question in the general IELTS writing section responds to an argument on a general topic of common interest. 

Q. What happens if I need to meet the word limit of each section?

A. Writing under the word limit is a penalty, leading to a lower score. You can also be penalised for not using complete, connected sentences.  Therefore, you must always adhere to the given word limit and be mindful of each section’s time mandates.

Q. How do you score well in IELTS Writing?

A. To score well in IELTS Writing, you must improve your grammar, vocabulary, and writing skills. Practice writing essays, letters, and reports within the given time limit. Plan your writing and organise your thoughts effectively. Use a range of linking words and phrases to connect your ideas. Finally, proofread your work for any errors or mistakes before submitting it.

Q. What are the types of questions asked in IELTS Writing Task 2?

A. When it comes to writing essays, there are several different types of questions that you might encounter. Some common ones include Advantage/Disadvantage questions, which ask you to weigh the pros and cons of a particular topic or issue. Problem/Cause questions, on the other hand, ask you to analyse and explain the underlying causes of a problem or issue. Opinion essays require you to express your viewpoint on a specific topic and support it with evidence and reasoning. Other essay questions include Compare/Contrast, Discussion/Argumentative, and so on. 

Q. Can I retake IELTS writing only?

A. IELTS One Skill Retake is a recently introduced feature that allows you to enhance your scores on a specific skill without retaking the entire IELTS exam. If you wish to improve your performance on any of the four skills – Listening, Reading, Writing, or Speaking – you can redo only that skill. This feature can save you time and money as you won’t need to retake the test.

Q. Is the IELTS Writing Test the same for Academics and General?

A. No, the IELTS Writing Test is different for Academics and General. The Academic Writing Test includes two tasks assessing your ability to describe visual information and write an essay responding to an argument or problem. The General Writing Test consists of two tasks to evaluate your ability to write a letter and an essay on a topic.

Q. What is the duration of the IELTS Writing Test ?

A. The IELTS Writing Test consists of two tasks that must be completed within 60 minutes. Task 1 requires you to summarise, describe or explain a visual representation such as a graph, chart or diagram in 150 words. Task 2 requires you to write an essay responding to a given prompt in 250 words. You should spend approximately 20 minutes on Task 1 and 40 minutes on Task 2.

Q. What are some valuable tips for preparing for the IELTS Writing Test?

A. To prepare for the IELTS Writing test, it is important to practice writing regularly. Familiarise yourself with the test format and timing, and develop your skills in organising and expressing your thoughts clearly and coherently. Pay attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation, and aim to use a range of vocabulary and sentence structures. Seek feedback from a teacher or tutor to identify areas for improvement and practice writing under test conditions.

Q. What is the importance of using connectors in the IELTS Writing Task?

A. Connectors are crucial in IELTS Writing Tasks as they help connect ideas, create coherence and cohesion, and improve the essay’s overall structure. Using connectors also helps to demonstrate a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures, which is a key criterion for scoring in IELTS Writing.

Q. How can one use linking words in IELTS writing, and what are some examples?

A. Linking words can connect different parts of the essay, such as sentences, paragraphs, and ideas. Examples of linking words include “moreover”, “however”, “in addition”, “on the other hand”, “therefore”, and “consequently”. By using linking words, the writer can create a clear and logical flow of ideas, which helps to improve the coherence and cohesion of the essay.

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Linking Expressions | IELTS Essay Vocabulary

by Manjusha Nambiar · Published March 19, 2024 · Updated March 19, 2024

We use certain words or phrases to show how ideas flow between sentences. These are called discourse markers. These cohesive elements improve your writing and make it easy to understand what you are trying to say.

There are lots of linking structures / discourse markers in English. It is impossible to learn all of them. It is not necessary either. The most common examples are given below. Note that linking expressions usually come at the beginning of a sentence. They are not conjunctions and they do not connect clauses. They can be removed without causing any ungrammaticality. Of course, some meaning will be lost if cohesive elements are removed from a sentence.

Words used to focus or link

With reference to

Speaking of

Words used to balance contrasting points

On the other hand

Words used to emphasize a contrast

Nevertheless

In spite of

Words used to show similarity

In the same way

It is true that

Words used to present the counter argument

Nonetheless

All the same

Words used to contradict

On the contrary

Words used to dismiss what has already been said

At any rate

Words used to suggest that you are changing the subject

Incidentally

Words used to show the structure of what we are saying

First/firstly, second/secondly, lastly, finally

For one thing, for another thing

To start with / to begin with

In the first / second / third place

Words used to add information to what has already been said

Moreover, furthermore (formal)

In addition, what is more, besides, on top of that

Words used to generalize

On the whole, in general

In most cases

Broadly speaking

To a great extent

Words used to give examples

For instance, for example

In particular

Words used to show logical consequence

Consequently

As a result

Hence, thus, so, then

Words used to make things clearer or to give more information

In other words

That is to say

Words used to express your opinion

I think, I feel, I reckon

In my opinion / view

I believe that

Words used to show your attitude to what you are saying

Words used to sum up what has already been said.

In conclusion

To conclude

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Ultimate IELTS Band 7+ Linking Words

The ultimate Linking Words that guarantee a 7+ Band

Here's the list of linking words followed by "Example" and an example sentence for each:

• Furthermore: The study shows that regular exercise has numerous benefits. Furthermore, it improves mental health.
• Moreover: She has excellent academic performance. Moreover, she actively participates in extracurricular activities.
• Additionally: The company offers competitive salaries and benefits. Additionally, employees have access to professional development programs.
• In addition: The course covers various topics related to marketing. In addition, it includes practical case studies.
• Besides: We need to complete the project by Friday. Besides, we should also prepare a presentation.
• Also: The documentary highlights the impact of climate change. Also, it suggests ways to mitigate its effects.
• However: The company had a successful year in terms of revenue. However, it experienced a decline in customer satisfaction ratings.
• On the other hand: Some people argue that social media connects individuals. On the other hand, it can lead to feelings of isolation.
• Nevertheless: The weather was unfavorable for the outdoor event. Nevertheless, the participants showed great enthusiasm.
• Nonetheless: The team faced many challenges during the project. Nonetheless, they managed to deliver it on time.
• Despite: She studied hard for the exam. Despite that, she did not perform well.
• In contrast: The first experiment yielded positive results. In contrast, the second experiment showed inconclusive findings.
• Similarly: Both countries have implemented measures to reduce carbon emissions. Similarly, they are investing in renewable energy sources.
• Likewise: Jane enjoys reading. Likewise, her brother is an avid reader.
• In the same way: Just as physical exercise is important for physical health, mental exercise is important for mental health in the same way.
• Just like: Just like her sister, she excels in mathematics.
• Correspondingly: The demand for organic products has increased. Correspondingly, there has been a rise in organic farming practices.
• Therefore: The road was blocked due to heavy snowfall. Therefore, we had to take an alternative route.
• Consequently: The company faced financial losses. Consequently, it had to downsize its workforce.
• As a result: He didn't prepare for the exam. As a result, he failed to pass.
• Thus: The negotiations were unsuccessful. Thus, the parties decided to pursue legal action.
• Hence: The budget was approved. Hence, we can proceed with the project.
• I couldn't disagree more. The proposed policy will have detrimental effects on the economy.
• I can't agree with that. The evidence clearly shows a different outcome.
• I quite agree that investing in renewable energy is essential for sustainable development.
• Well, exactly! That's precisely what I've been trying to convey.
• To begin with, let's discuss the main causes of climate change.
• However, there are some potential drawbacks to consider before implementing the new system.
• Unfortunately, the company experienced a significant decline in sales last quarter.
• Similarly, the study conducted in 2020 yielded similar results.
• Nonetheless, we should continue our efforts to reduce plastic waste.
• Fundamentally, education plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' future prospects.
• Incidentally, I came across an interesting article on this topic yesterday.
• Furthermore, this problem is not limited to one country. It affects the entire global community.

These examples demonstrate how you can use these linking words to express agreement or disagreement and to provide structure and clarity in your responses. Remember to use them appropriately based on the context and purpose of your writing or speaking tasks.

Tips For Effective Use

Using linking words correctly is crucial for maintaining coherence and cohesion in your writing or speaking. Here are some tips to help you use linking words effectively:

• Understand the meaning: Familiarize yourself with the meanings and nuances of different linking words. Be aware of their specific functions, such as indicating addition, contrast, cause, and effect or providing examples.
• Consider the context: Choose linking words that are appropriate for the specific context of your writing or speaking task. The choice of linking words may vary depending on the purpose, tone, and topic of your communication.
• Use them sparingly: While linking words are essential, using them excessively can hinder the clarity of your message. Avoid overusing linking words, and strive for a balanced and natural flow in your sentences.
• Use various linking words: Instead of relying on a few commonly used linking words, try to expand your repertoire by incorporating various linking words. This adds depth and sophistication to your language usage.
• Pay attention to grammar and sentence structure: Ensure that the linking word is used correctly in the sentence and that it connects ideas logically. Maintain proper grammar and sentence structure to enhance the clarity and effectiveness of your writing or speaking.
• Practice using linking words: Familiarize yourself with the appropriate usage of linking words by practicing in writing and speaking exercises. Seek feedback from teachers, tutors, or language partners to refine your skills in using linking words effectively.
• Read and listen to models: Engage with high-quality texts, essays, articles, and speeches that effectively use linking words. Pay attention to how professional writers and speakers incorporate linking words to convey their ideas coherently.
• Revise and edit: After completing your writing or speaking tasks, take the time to revise and edit your work. Review your use of linking words to ensure they are used accurately and in a way that enhances the overall flow and coherence of your communication.

By following these tips and practicing regularly, you will develop the proficiency to use linking words effectively and improve the overall quality of your writing and speaking in various contexts.

Exams Know-how

IELTS Linking W...

IELTS Linking Words: Connectors for IELTS Writing 2024

Where should I use linking words in the sentence?

Most linking words function as conjunctions, so they go at the start of the clause they connect. For example: Therefore, we should reduce plastic usage. However, some can also be used in the middle of a sentence. For example: Plastic usage, therefore, should be reduced.

Do I need a comma after linking words?

In most cases, you should put a comma after the linking word when used at the start of a clause. However, some can be used without a comma, too.

What if I don't know an appropriate linking word?

Don't try to force a linking word. It's better to have a simple connection than use the wrong word. Focus on learning commonly used linking words for IELTS.

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Linking Words for IELTS: How to Use Them ?

Linking words are words or phrases that connect different parts of your essay, making it easier for the reader to follow your argument. They can be used to show cause and effect, contrast, addition, and more.

• Show the relationships between different ideas in your essay.
• Make your argument easier to follow.
• Avoid repetition.
• Improve your overall fluency.
• Cause and Effect: because, as a result, consequently, hence, therefore, thus
• Contrast: however, although, yet, on the other hand, in contrast, conversely
• Addition : also, furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides
• Sequence : first, second, third, next, finally
• Similarity : similarly, likewise, in the same way
• Restatement : to put it another way, in other words, that is to say

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IELTS Writing Task 2: Practice with Linking Words

Decide the best linking word to use in the following sentences:

• (Whereas / While / But)……………… individuals can make a considerable difference to environmental problems, they ought to be dealt with on a global scale to be solved effectively.
• Global warming is a prominent issue these days (due to / owing to / because)……………. it has a direct impact on the climate of countries all over the world.
• (As a result / Consequently / Thus)……………… of global warming, sea levels are rising which threaten many low lying lands.
• One of the best ways to deal with global warming is to reduce the emissions of fossil fuels, (specific / particularly / certainly)…………. from industry.
• Global warming affects weather patterns and can cause extreme weather (namely / as an example / like) ………………. heat waves, droughts and floods.
• As a result
• particularly

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Hi Liz. Can you please clarify that why the 5th blank answer is ‘namely’ not ‘like’ in linking words practice?

This is because the linking word “like” is informal and not suitable for IELTS writing task 2 formal essays. It is fine for the speaking test which is informal.

I wrote an opinion essay on “prevention is better than cure”. Researching & treating diseases is too costly so it would be better to invest in preventative measures. To what extent do you agree?

I took a balanced approach where I said – not investing completely in R&D at the expense of preventive measures would be problematic and therefore, a country should invest in both research and preventive methods for the well-being of the country.

In MB1 – I talked about the importance of skilled labor such as doctors and scientists (main idea)->supporting details (3), country will be unprepared, gave an example on influenza taking lives and time taken to bring under control, and -ve impact to economy due to close of small business.

In MB2 – main idea – the country is prepared, supporting details (2)-> example on COVID 19 on how it was quickly brought under control using preventive measures, and this saved economy and lives.

Was my approach correct? Is there a sample on this?

Hello Liz Thank you for all your tips and tricks. But I have a little bit confused so far because I can’t follow the order of your lessons appropriately. It is like each page lead me to another different part of the test. Could you help me with this, please? Thank you.

Please read the instructions on the HOME page to learn how to access the main pages. All lessons and tips are listed on those main pages – organised based on each section of the test.

can we use” before putting my pen down” to start conclusion of task-2?

That is informal – do not use informal language in your essay.

Could you please tell me if Introduction paragraph can start with words like ‘Nowadays’, or ‘These days’?

Thank You Deeba

It is not usually required. Most topics are current and based nowadays – it isn’t actually need to state it. Also they are the most overused words in writing task 2.

Hi Liz, May I know.. what is the difference between the use of idioms and idiomatic language?

can we use Metaphors in IELTS writing?

See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/using-quotes-or-idioms-in-your-ielts-essay/ and then review this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/

Dear Liz, I have subscribed your advanced lessons & found it immensly helpful. However, I have one question. Is it necessary to mention advantages and disadvantages both in an essay, if topic asks “Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages” ? Please explain use of comma, too that would really helpful for IELTS aspirants. Thanks in advance.

I spent over 30mins answering that question in my advanced lessons about ads outweigh disadvs essay. I explained what that essay should contain and taught how to write it paragraph by paragraph. Please watch your lessons again. I hope to have some lessons about commas in the future.

Thank you for your prompt reply.

Hi Madam, Can we start a sentence using ‘Also’?

I would like to ask why I can’t use “like” for the last question of this exercise? Besides, some tutors told me that using some cohesive devices like fist,second,third,nevertheless for the ielts writing task are too simple.We should use more advanced cohesive devices like some phrases. Do you argee with that?Can you liat some more advaced cohesive devices for writing task?

“like” is an informal linking word. This means you can use it in IELTS speaking, but not in an IELTS essay.

Hi Liz.we should not use idoms and phrases in writing task ?why?

Most idioms are informal and the writing test is formal. All sentences should be unique and created by yourself – this is a language test – you can’t cheat by using phrases written by someone else. So, avoid idioms and avoid phrases. But you can use some idiomatic language, such as “the key to success”.

I got only two weeks left before my exam. What am i supposed to do?

Review each main page of my website and check that you are comfortable with each part of the test. Make a list of areas you need to review. Prepare ideas for recent topics.

Hi Liz, I am deeply thankful for your help and support for ILETS exam tips and lessons , I would like to ask you how to use other linking words as although , however ,despite and others? Adverbs too?

See this page for a list of linking words: https://ieltsliz.com/linking-words-for-writing/ To learn about adverbs, please visit an English language website.

Hi Liz, Your videos are extremely helpful. I want to marry you please!!!

Hi liz, Is it true that we cannot start a sentence with a linking word.example: although many people believe that the best way to deal with criminals is long term prisons,others are of opinion that more punitive measures must be taken

Of course, you can start a sentence with a linking word. The only ones that can’t are “but, because, and”.

Can i know the words ( specialy linking words) should not to be used in writing

Just use the linking words on this page. They are the right ones to use. Don’t use others. If you are given a list of lots and lots of linking words, then use them.

Hi Liz. Why is the correct answer for Q1 “while” ?

You don’t use “but” at the start of a sentence and generally “whereas” should go in the middle.

Hi I am very impressed by the way you are giving classes and teaching online. God bless you dear.☺

In the last sentence why can’t we install ‘like’ instead of ‘namely’ ?

“like” is used only in speaking. It is not formal and completely wrong to use in any IELTS essay.

Thank u very much for resolving a problem to me for a such long time.

Hi Liz, Thank you very much for your highly informative free site and for your great efforts in teaching us English. I have a question please explain question number five in this exercise why you choose namely? Thanks.

“as an example” would be grammatically incorrect to use with this sentence structure and “like” is not an academic linking word.

Hi Liz, I have been following your informative sites from the very first day of my ielts practise.And thank you so much for all your lessons.My question here is : since you have said ‘like’ is not an academic linking word, does it mean that we should never be using the word’ like’ during our writing task2.

That’s right. It shouldn’t be used in writing task 2 as a replacement for “for example” or “such as”.

Hi Liz , very appreciate for your online lessons . But I had a problem on paying for the advanced lessons . Every time I tried to pay by credit/debit card , it prompted that I can’t pay by credit card . Could you please tackle that problem?

Sorry this is an issue with paypal, not with me. You will need to check that your card can be used with paypal.

myself manuel.i am from delhi.working as a astaff nurse in fortis hospital.i would like to work in ireland.but i need to catch 7 score in ielts .i am a beginer in this field.i have no idea about it.i need your help.reading is difficult for me.can you suggest any tips for reading session.my emial:[email protected],number:09718128354,thank you

https://ieltsliz.com/liz-notice-2015-2016/

Your tips and instruction are very useful Tons of thank, Madam Regards, Tuan

You’re welcome 🙂

Hi! Took the IELTS exam and got the followings scores: L-6, R-6.5, S-6.5, W-6.5. I need a score of 7.0 in the speaking area, what do you suggest an area to improve in order for me to get that score?

Oh by the way, I am now using your site, tips, and exercises as my review buddies because I am planning to retake the exam sometime next month. If only I saw your site beforehand, maybe I got the desired result. Thank you very much.

Hello liz,plz give me stratergy of ielts general reding. I want to grow up my score till 33.

Please see my tips on the main reading page. The question types are the same as the academic test so you can follow all those tips. Liz

Dear Liz, Let me ask is the expression “as for..” academic, can I use it as a synonym of “with regards to…”? Thanks!

“as for” is not appropriate for task 1 to be used instead of “regarding”. Liz

Me too have same problem while linking right word to be placed in sentence one.

Kindly address.

Thank you Sunita

Dear Miss Liz, Could I have a question? In sentence 4, Why you did not use comma after “fossila fuels” Thank you for your lessons. Yours sincerely, Tuan

Well spotted!! 🙂 Liz

I don’t know how to comment directly on this post but I just want to say thank you for all these very helpful lessons!

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IELTS Linking words and phrases

Knowing linking words is a powerful tool to have in your pocket. You can pick out your favourites and practice using them in IELTS writing and speaking tasks.

It is worth reading through the list of linking words several times during your learning process. After all, it is a very good resource to keep using and peek in once in a while as a reference!

To make contrasting points

• Killing endangered species is illegal;  nevertheless , people will not stop hunting them.
• In spite of the  fact that killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Killing endangered species is illegal,  but  people will not stop hunting them.
• While  killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Even  if killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Even though  killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Although  killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Killing endangered species is illegal;  at the same time , people will not stop hunting them.

To list points

• Firstly , the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• In the first place  the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• To start with,  the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• Secondly,  the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• Thirdly,  the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• Finally,  the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.

To add more points on a topic

• What is more,  the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• The city should  also  conduct inspections of zoos.
• Apart from this/that / In addition to this,  the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• Moreover,  the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• Besides,  the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• The city should conduct inspections of zoos  too .
• … not to mention the fact that  the city should conduct inspections of zoos.

To list advantages/disadvantages

• One  of the greatest advantages of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• Another  great advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• One other  advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• A further  advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• The main advantage  of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• The first/greatest  advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.

To express effect / phrases for result

• Lots of factories have closed down,  therefore , many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down;  thus , many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down;  consequently , many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down  so  many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down;  as a consequence , many people have lost their jobs.
• As a result, … / Eventually, …

To emphasise what you say

• Clearly  research has proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduce the risk of heart disease.
• Obviously,  research has proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduce the risk of heart disease.
• Of course,  research has proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduce the risk of heart disease.
• In particular,  researchers have proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduce the risk of heart disease.

To express reality

• Actually,  the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a Masters’ degree in the future.
• As a matter of fact,  the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a Masters’ degree in the future.
• In practice  the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a Masters’ degree in the future.
• The fact of the matter is  the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a Masters’ degree in the future.

To express difference between appearance and reality

• On the face of it  the building looked safe, but after a detailed inspection it was reported to be in need of major structural repairs.
• Apparently  the building looked safe, but after a detailed inspection it was reported to be in need of major structural repairs.

To state an argument against your opinion

• It is popularly believed that  the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.
• People often claim that  the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.
• It is often alleged that  the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.
• It is fact that  the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.

To state other people’s opinions

• Some people argue that  the mayor’s proposal to raise local taxes is unfair.
• A lot of people think/believe that  the mayor’s proposal to raise local taxes is unfair.

To introduce the other side of the argument

• However, there are people  who believe that increasing the school year will only overwork students.
• Those who oppose  increase the school year claim that it will only overwork students.

To express balance

• On the one hand  working for a large company is prestigious, but it can be very stressful.
• Working for a large company is prestigious, but  on the other hand  it can be very stressful.
• John is a hard-working person,  whereas  Ann isn’t.

To give examples

• For example,  in the past six months retailers have reported a 25% drop in sales of electronic equipment.
• For instance, … / In particular, … / To illustrate, …

To refer to what actually happens

• In effect  consumers spend more money on luxury items.

To make general statements

• Generally,  girls get better exam results than boys.
• In general,  girls get better exam results than boys.
• As a general rule,  girls get better exam results than boys.
• On the whole,  girls get better exam results than boys.

To make partly correct statements

• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have,  up to a point,  tried to create more positions.
• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have,  to a certain extent,  tried to create more positions.
• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have,  in a way,  tried to create more positions.
• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have,  in a sense,  tried to create more positions.

To express limit of knowledge

• To the best of my knowledge,  residents were opposed to the city’s plan to build a nuclear power plant in their area.
• For all I know  residents were opposed to the city’s plan to build a nuclear power plant in the area.

To rephrase

• That is to say,  they disagree with the manager’s decision.

To bring up other points or aspects

• Regarding the community,  the area is in need of a new elementary school.
• With regards  to the community, the area is in need of a new elementary school.
• As for  the community, the area is in need of a new elementary school.

To express personal opinion

• To my mind/way of thinking,  department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• I personally believe  department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• It strikes me that  department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• I feel very strongly that  department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• I am inclined to believe that  department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• It seems to me that  department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• As far as I am concerned  department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.

To refer to other sources

• With reference to,  this report, that brand of sun cream causes irritation to sensitive skin.

To express cause

• Because of  the harsh winter, many crops were destroyed.
• Owing to  the harsh winter, many crops were destroyed.
• For this reason,  many crops were destroyed.

To imply that nothing else needs to be said

• Anyway,  a new community centre will greatly benefit the people of the town.
• In any case,  a new community centre will greatly benefit the people of the town.

Accepting the situation

• As it is,  the situation cannot be improved.
• Things being as they are,  the situation cannot be improved.

To conclude

• Finally,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• Lastly,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• Above all,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• All in all,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• Taking everything into account,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• On the whole,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• All things considered,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• In conclusion,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• As I have said,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• As was previously stated,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• To sum up,  the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• linking words

wonderful article!

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Linking Words for IELTS Essays

In the IELTS writing test, it’s essential to organise your essay well. When we’re writing essays, we use certain words to help guide the reader.

1. I would argue that

“I would argue that” is a great way to introduce your opinion.

“ I would argue that university education should be free for all students”.

“Firstly” is a clear way to introduce your first idea. 

“ Firstly, free tuition would encourage more young people to go to university”.

3. In addition

“In addition” is a great way to introduce your second idea. 

“ In addition, free tuition would mean that students had more money to spend on food and accommodation”.

4. Furthermore

“Furthermore” is a great way to introduce additional ideas. 

“ Furthermore , free university education would mean that more people can conduct research and development”.

“Finally” is very useful as it shows the examiner that this is your last idea. 

“ Finally, free university tuition will encourage top international students from around the world”.

Using these linking words will help you to get a high score in your IELTS writing test.

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