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Alexander Graham Bell

By: History.com Editors

Updated: August 25, 2022 | Original: November 9, 2009

Alexander Graham Bell, best known for his invention of the telephone, revolutionized communication as we know it. His interest in sound technology was deep-rooted and personal, as both his wife and mother were deaf. While there’s some controversy over whether Bell was the true pioneer of the telephone, he secured exclusive rights to the technology and launched the Bell Telephone Company in 1877. Ultimately, the talented scientist held more than 18 patents for his inventions and work in communications.

Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland , on March 3, 1847. Bell’s father was a professor of speech elocution at the University of Edinburgh and his mother, despite being deaf, was an accomplished pianist.

Young Alexander was an intellectually curious child who studied piano and began inventing things at an early age. Both of his brothers passed away from tuberculosis by the time Bell was in his early twenties.

Initially, Bell’s education consisted of homeschooling. Bell didn’t excel academically, but he was a problem solver from an early age.

When he was just 12, the young Alexander invented a device with rotating paddles and nail brushes that could quickly remove husks from wheat grain to help improve a farming process. At age 16, Bell began studying the mechanics of speech.

He went on to attend Royal High School and the University of Edinburgh. In 1870, Bell, along with his family, moved to Canada. The following year, he settled in the United States.

While in the United States, Bell implemented a system his father developed to teach deaf children called “visible speech”—a set of symbols that represented speech sounds.

In 1872, he opened the School of Vocal Physiology and Mechanics of Speech in Boston , where deaf people were taught to speak. At age 26, the budding inventor became Professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory, even though he didn’t have a university degree.

While teaching, Bell met Mabel Hubbard, a deaf student. The couple married on July 11, 1877. They went on to have four children, including two sons who died as infants.

When Was the Telephone Invented?

In 1871, Bell started working on the harmonic telegraph — a device that allowed multiple messages to be transmitted over a wire at the same time. While trying to perfect this technology, which was backed by a group of investors, Bell became preoccupied with finding a way to transmit human voice over wires.

By 1875, Bell, with the help of his partner Thomas Watson , had come up with a simple receiver that could turn electricity into sound.

Other scientists, including Antonio Meucci and Elisha Gray , were working on similar technologies, and there’s some debate over who should be credited with the invention of the telephone. It’s said that Bell raced to the patent office to be the first to secure the rights to the discovery.

On March 7, 1876, Bell was granted his telephone patent . A few days later, he made the first-ever telephone call to Watson, allegedly uttering the now-famous phrase, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.”

By 1877, the Bell Telephone Company, which today is known as AT&T , was created. In 1915, Bell made the first transcontinental phone call to Watson from New York City to San Francisco .

Did you know? Alexander Graham Bell refused to have a telephone in his study, fearing it would distract him from his scientific work.

Legal Headaches

The inventor faced a nearly 20-year legal battle with other scientists, including Gray and Meucci, who claimed they created telephone prototypes prior to Bell’s patent.

In 1887, the U.S. government moved to withdraw the patent issued to Bell, but after a series of rulings, the Bell company won in a Supreme Court decision. While the Bell Company faced over 550 court challenges, in the end, none were successful.

Inventions and Accomplishments

In addition to the telephone, Bell worked on hundreds of projects throughout his career and received patents in various fields. Some of his other notable inventions were:

• The metal detector: Bell initially came up with this device to locate a bullet inside of assassinated President James A. Garfield .
• Photophone: The photophone allowed transmission of speech on a beam of light.
• Graphophone: This improved version of the phonograph could record and play back sound.
• Audiometer: This gadget was used to detect hearing problems.

In 1880, Bell was awarded the French Volta Prize , and with the money, he founded a facility devoted to scientific discovery, the Volta Laboratory in Washington, D.C.

Bell invented numerous techniques to help teach speech to the deaf and even worked with well-known author and activist Helen Keller . He also helped launch Science magazine , and from 1896 to 1904 served as president of the National Geographic Society .

Quotes by Bell

While Bell is typically known for what he invented, he’s also remembered for what he said and wrote. Some famous quotes attributed to Bell include:

• “When one door closes another door opens; but we so often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door, that we do not see the ones which open for us.”

• “A man's own judgment should be the final appeal in all that relates to himself.”

• “Before anything else, preparation is the key to success.”

• “Concentrate all your thoughts upon the work at hand. The sun’s rays do not burn until brought to focus.”

• “Great discoveries and improvements invariably involve the cooperation of many minds.”

• “The most successful men in the end are those whose success is the result of steady accretion.”

• “The only difference between success and failure is the ability to take action.”

• “You cannot force ideas. Successful ideas are the result of slow growth.”

• “The inventor looks upon the world and is not contented with things as they are. He wants to improve whatever he sees, he wants to benefit the world; he is haunted by an idea. The spirit of invention possesses him, seeking materialization.”

HISTORY Vault: Alexander Graham Bell: Voice Of Invention

The remarkable story of the man whose driving passion—to enable the deaf to communicate—led to the invention of the telephone.

Death and Legacy

Bell died on August 2, 1922, at the age of 75 in Nova Scotia, Canada. The cause of his death was complications from diabetes. He was survived by his wife and two daughters.

During Bell’s funeral, every phone in North America was silenced to pay tribute to the inventor.

Today, the famous scientist is remembered for his groundbreaking work in sound technology and improving education for the deaf. His best-known invention, the telephone, forever changed the way humans communicate with each other.

Alexander Graham Bell. PBS . History: Alexander Graham Bell. BBC . Alexander Graham Bell. Famous Scientists . Who is credited with inventing the telephone? Library of Congress .

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How the Telephone Was Invented

In the 1870s, Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically. Both men rushed their respective designs for these prototype telephones to the patent office within hours of each other. Bell patented his telephone first and later emerged the victor in a legal dispute with Gray.

Today, Bell's name is synonymous with the telephone, while Gray is largely forgotten. However, the story of who invented the telephone goes beyond these two men. 

Bell's Biography

Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was immersed in the study of sound from the beginning. His father, uncle, and grandfather were authorities on elocution and speech therapy for the deaf. It was understood that Bell would follow in the family footsteps after finishing college. But after Bell's two other brothers died of tuberculosis, Bell and his parents decided to immigrate to Canada in 1870.

After a brief period of living in Ontario, the Bells moved to Boston where they established speech-therapy practices specializing in teaching deaf children to speak. One of Alexander Graham Bell's pupils was a young Helen Keller, who when they met was not only blind and deaf but also unable to speak.

Although working with the deaf would remain Bell's principal source of income, he continued to pursue his own studies of sound on the side. Bell's unceasing scientific curiosity led to the invention of the photophone , significant commercial improvements in Thomas Edison's phonograph, and to the development of his own flying machine just six years after the Wright Brothers launched their plane at Kitty Hawk. As President James Garfield lay dying of an assassin's bullet in 1881, Bell hurriedly invented a metal detector in an unsuccessful attempt to locate the fatal slug.

From Telegraph to Telephone

The telegraph and telephone are both wire-based electrical systems. Alexander Graham Bell's success with the telephone came as a direct result of his attempts to improve the telegraph. When he began experimenting with electrical signals, the telegraph had been an established means of communication for some 30 years. Although a highly successful system, the telegraph was basically limited to receiving and sending one message at a time.

Bell's extensive knowledge of the nature of sound and his understanding of music enabled him to consider the possibility of transmitting multiple messages over the same wire at the same time. Although the idea of a "multiple telegraph" had been in existence for some time, it was purely conjecture as no one had been able to fabricate one—until Bell. His "harmonic telegraph" was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if the notes or signals differed in pitch.

Talk With Electricity

By October 1874, Bell's research had progressed to the extent that he could inform his future father-in-law, Boston attorney Gardiner Greene Hubbard, about the possibility of a multiple telegraph. Hubbard, who resented the absolute control then exerted by the Western Union Telegraph Company, instantly saw the potential for breaking such a monopoly and gave Bell the financial backing he needed.

Bell proceeded with his work on the multiple telegraph but did not tell Hubbard that he and Thomas Watson, a young electrician whose services he had enlisted, were also developing a device that would transmit speech electrically. While Watson worked on the harmonic telegraph at the insistent urging of Hubbard and other backers, Bell secretly met in March 1875 with Joseph Henry , the respected director of the Smithsonian Institution, who listened to Bell's ideas for a telephone and offered encouraging words. Spurred on by Henry's positive opinion, Bell and Watson continued their work.

By June 1875, the goal of creating a device that would transmit speech electrically was about to be realized. They had proven that different tones would vary the strength of an electric current in a wire. To achieve success, therefore, they needed only build a working transmitter with a membrane capable of varying electronic currents and a receiver that would reproduce these variations in audible frequencies.

"Mr. Watson, Come Here"

On June 2, 1875, while experimenting with the harmonic telegraph, the men discovered that sound could be transmitted over a wire completely by accident. Watson was trying to loosen a reed that had been wound around a transmitter when he plucked it by accident. The vibration produced by that gesture traveled along the wire into a second device in the other room where Bell was working.

The "twang" Bell heard was all the inspiration that he and Watson needed to accelerate their work. They continued to work into the next year. Bell recounted the critical moment in his journal: "I then shouted into M [the mouthpiece] the following sentence: 'Mr. Watson, come here—I want to see you.' To my delight, he came and declared that he had heard and understood what I said."

The first telephone call had just been made.

The Telephone Network Is Born

Bell patented his device on March 7, 1876, and it quickly began to spread. By 1877, construction of the first regular telephone line from Boston to Somerville, Massachusetts, had been completed. By the end of 1880, there were over 49,000 telephones in the United States.   The following year, telephone service between Boston and Providence, Rhode Island, had been established. Service between New York and Chicago started in 1892 and between New York and Boston in 1894. Transcontinental service began in 1915. 

Bell founded his Bell Telephone Company in 1877. As the industry rapidly expanded, Bell quickly bought out competitors. After a series of mergers, the American Telephone and Telegraph Co.—the forerunner of today's AT&T—was incorporated in 1880. Because Bell controlled the intellectual property and patents behind the telephone system, AT&T had a de facto monopoly over the young industry. It would maintain its control over the U.S. telephone market until 1984 when a settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice forced AT&T to end its control over state markets.

Exchanges and Rotary Dialing

The first regular telephone exchange was established in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1878. Early telephones were leased in pairs to subscribers. The subscriber was required to put up his own line to connect with another. In 1889, Kansas City undertaker Almon B. Strowger invented a switch that could connect one line to any of 100 lines by using relays and sliders. The Strowger switch, as it came to be known, was still in use in some telephone offices well over 100 years later.

Strowger was issued a patent on March 11, 1891, for the first automatic telephone exchange. The first exchange using the Strowger switch was opened in La Porte, Indiana, in 1892. Initially, subscribers had a button on their telephone to produce the required number of pulses by tapping. Then an associate of Strowgers' invented the rotary dial in 1896, replacing the button. In 1943, Philadelphia was the last major area to give up dual service (rotary and button).

In 1889, the coin-operated telephone was patented by William Gray of Hartford, Connecticut. Gray's payphone was first installed and used in the Hartford Bank. Unlike pay phones today, users of Gray's phone paid after they had finished their call.

Payphones proliferated along with the Bell System. By the time the first phone booths were installed in 1905, there were about 2.2 million phones; by 1980, there were more than 175 million.   But with the advent of mobile technology, the public demand for payphones rapidly declined, and today there are fewer than 500,000 still operating in the United States.  

Touch-Tone Phones

Researchers at Western Electric, AT&T's manufacturing subsidiary, had experimented with using tones rather than pulses to trigger telephone connections since the early 1940s, but it wasn't until 1963 that dual-tone multifrequency signaling, which uses the same frequency as speech, was commercially viable. AT&T introduced it as Touch-Tone dialing and it quickly became the next standard in telephone technology. By 1990, push-button phones were more common than rotary-dial models in American homes.

Cordless Phones

In the 1970s, the very first cordless phones were introduced. In 1986, the Federal Communications Commission granted the frequency range of 47 to 49 MHz for cordless phones. Granting a greater frequency range allowed cordless phones to have less interference and need less power to run. In 1990, the FCC granted the frequency range of 900 MHz for cordless phones.

In 1994, digital cordless phones were introduced, followed by digital spread spectrum (DSS) in 1995. Both developments were intended to increase the security of cordless phones and decrease unwanted eavesdropping by enabling the phone conversation to be digitally spread out. In 1998, the FCC granted the frequency range of 2.4 GHz for cordless phones; the upward range is now 5.8 GHz.

Cell Phones

The earliest mobile phones were radio-controlled units designed for vehicles. They were expensive and cumbersome, and had extremely limited range. First launched by AT&T in 1946, the network would slowly expand and become more sophisticated, but it never was widely adopted. By 1980, it had been replaced by the first cellular networks.

Research on what would become the cellular phone network used today began in 1947 at Bell Labs, the research wing of AT&T. Although the radio frequencies needed were not yet commercially available, the concept of connecting phones wirelessly through a network of "cells" or transmitters was a viable one. Motorola introduced the first hand-held cellular phone in 1973.

Telephone Books

The first telephone book was published in New Haven, Connecticut, by the New Haven District Telephone Company in February 1878. It was one page long and held 50 names; no numbers were listed, as an operator would connect you. The page was divided into four sections: residential, professional, essential services, and miscellaneous.

In 1886, Reuben H. Donnelly produced the first Yellow Pages-branded directory featuring business names and phone numbers, categorized by the types of products and services provided. By the 1980s, telephone books, whether issued by the Bell System or private publishers, were in nearly every home and business. But with the advent of the Internet and of cell phones, telephone books have been rendered largely obsolete. 

Prior to 1968, there was no dedicated phone number for reaching first responders in the event of an emergency. That changed after a congressional investigation led to calls for the establishment of such a system nationwide. The Federal Communications Commission and AT&T soon announced they would launch their emergency network in Indiana, using the digits 9-1-1 (chosen for its simplicity and for being easy to remember).

But a small independent phone company in rural Alabama decided to beat AT&T at its own game. On Feb. 16, 1968, the first 9-1-1 call was placed in Hayleyville, Alabama, at the office of the Alabama Telephone Company. The 9-1-1 network would be introduced to other cities and towns slowly; it wasn't until 1987 that at least half of all American homes had access to a 9-1-1 emergency network.

Several researchers created devices for identifying the number of incoming calls, including scientists in Brazil, Japan, and Greece, starting in the late 1960s. In the U.S., AT&T first made its trademarked TouchStar caller ID service available in Orlando, Florida, in 1984. Over the next several years, the regional Bell Systems would introduce caller ID services in the Northeast and Southeast. Although the service was initially sold as a pricey added service, caller ID today is a standard function found on every cell phone and available on almost any landline.

Additional Resources

• Casson, Herbert N. The History of the Telephone. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co., 1910.

"1870s to 1940s - Telephone." Imagining the Internet: a History and Forecast. Elon University School of Communications.

Kieler, Ashlee. “5 Things We Learned About Pay Phones & Why They Continue To Exist.”   Consumerist , 26 Apr. 2016.

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The History of the Telephone

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Impact and Change: “The Invention of the Telephone”

Jul 12, 2014

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Impact and Change: “The Invention of the Telephone”. By Emily Kehm and Elyse Stephens. Alexander Graham Bell. Born March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland

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Impact and Change: “The Invention of the Telephone” By Emily Kehm and Elyse Stephens

Alexander Graham Bell • Born March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland • When he was born he pleaded to have a middle name just like his two brothers. For his 11th birthday present he was given the middle name “Graham” because his father was treating a Canadian who was a boarder and family friend named Alexander Graham. • Education includes Edinburgh High School and Edinburgh University where he received special training in his father, Alexander Melville Bell’s, system for removing impediments in speech. • In 1867, he moved to London where he enrolled the University. • In 1870 he retired to Canada because of his ailing health where he stayed with his father. • He gained residence in the United States in 1872 and he introduced his father’s system of deaf-mute instruction while he also became a professor of vocal physiology at Boston University.

The Telegraph • Transmitted electric signals over wires from location to location that then translated into a message. • The non-electric telegraph was invented by Claude Chappe in 1794. The system used semaphore which was a flag-based alphabet which was dependent upon a line of sight for communication. • In 1835 Samuel Morse proved that signals could be transmitted by wire. He used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet which caused a marker to create written codes on a strip of paper. This was called Morse Code. • The next year he modified the system to mark the paper with dots and dashes. • In 1743, he was funded thirty thousand dollars to construct an experimental telegraph line that covered 40 miles from Washington to Baltimore.

The Telegraph Patent This is a 1844 receiver. Patented May 1, 1849, patent number 6,420. The first practical line was created in 1844 when a line went from Baltimore to Washington, D.C.

How Morse Code Works International Morse Code 1. Short mark, dot or dit, one unit long. 2. Longer mark, dash or dah, three units long. 3. Intra character gap (between the dots and dashes of a character – one unit long. 4. Short gap between letters. 5. Medium gap between words-seven letters long.

Telephone Vs. Telegraph • Until the year 1877, the year after Bell’s telephone was patented, all express long distance communication depended upon the telegraph. • The telephone changed the way people communicated. • By the year 1879, proceedings between Western Union and the infant telephone system was finished with an agreement that largely divided the two services.

Johann Philip Reis • January 7, 1834 – January 14, 1874 • Born in Gelnhausen Germany • In 1860, he constructed the first prototype of a telephone which covered a distance of 100 meters. • In 1862 he changed the name to “telephon” to interest Professor Poggendorff and list him in the periodical Annalen der Physik, but was rejected for a second time. • In 1947, a test was conducted by the British Company Standard Telephones and Cables and it was confirmed that it could only faintly transmit and receive speech.

Drawing of Reis’s Telephone The Speaker of the telephone worked by Magetostriction . In the first receiver he coiled a wire around an iron knitting needle and rested the needle against the F hole of a violin . When current passed through the needle, the iron shrank forming a click. In later versions he clamped the iron bar to a cigar-box-shaped resonator.

Bell’s Early Experiences with Sound • Sarah Fuller the principal of the Boston School of Deaf Mutes invited Alexander Graham Bell’s father to introduce his Visible Speech System to instructors. He declined and asked his son to take his place. • He travelled to the Boston School of Deaf Mutes in April 1871. • He was successful in training the school’s teachers and was therefore asked to repeat his program a the American Asylum for Deaf-Mutes located in Hartford Connecticut as well as the Clarke School For Deaf in Northampton Massachusetts. • In October 1872, Bell opened the “ School of Vocal Physiology and the Mechanics of Speech” in Boston • This attracted 30 deaf pupils in his first class. • One of his most famous students was Helen Keller.

Bell’s Telephone • When Bell was working in Brantford, he experimented with a “phonautograph.” A “phonautograph is a pen-like machine that had the ability to draw shapes of sound waves on smoked glass by tracing their vibrations. • Experimenting with the “phonautograph” led him to the idea that it might be possible to generate electrical currents that corresponded to sound waves. • Sanders and Hubbard were able to provide financial support to help Bell continue his experiments. Bell then had the capablility to hire Thomas Watson as his assistant and the two of them experimented with acoustic telegraphy.

Bell’s Telephone (cont.) • The finished telephone had a transmitter that was created with a double electromagnet and in front was a membrane that was stretched on a ring carried an oblong piece of soft iron (also called armature) was cemented to the center. A mouthpiece located before the diaphragm directed the sound upon it and as it vibrated with them the armature induced corresponding currents in the electromagnet. After the currents traversing through the line they were then passed through the receiver. • The receiver was created with a tubular shaped electromagnet. It was partially closed at one end with a thin circular disc of soft iron fixed to the end. It’s appearance was similar to that of a cylindrical metal box with thick sides. It had a single iron lid that was fastened with one screw. • When the adulatory current passed through the coil of the magnet, the discs or lid, they were put in vibration and sounds were emitted. • The first long distance telephone call was made on August 10, 1876 from the Bell’s household located in Brantford, Ontario to Paris, Ontario which were 10 miles apart.

Prototype of Bell’s Telephone This is a photograph of Alexander Graham Bell speaking into his telephone in 1876. After March of 1876, Bell changed the liquid transmitter telephone to a electromagnetic telephone.

Lab Notebook March 10, 1876 This describes the first successful experiment with the telephone . He spoke through the telephone to his assistant in a neighboring room. Bell documents the account “I then shouted into M (the mouthpiece) the following sentence: ‘Mr. Watson come here I want to see you. ‘ To my delight he came and said that he had heard and understood what I said.”

Bell’s Patent Drawing Bell’s telephone patent drawing. March 7, 1876. This drawing describes what was the first construction to transmit human speech by machine. This was one of the most beneficial patents of all the 19th Century.

Elisha Gray • 1805-1901 • He grew up on a farm and was a Quaker from rural Ohio. • Invented his version of the telephone in his laboratory in Highland Park, Illinois. • He studied electricity at Oberlin college • Received the first patent of his career in 1867 for an improved telegraph relay. • Founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company in 1872.

Bell Vs. Gray “Race for the Patent” • Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone patent was filed by his attorney Marcellus Bailey at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). • His application was entitled “Improvement in Telegraphy” • A few hours later, Elisha Gray’s attorney filled out a caveat for a telephone which was entitled “Transmitting Sounds Telegraphically”. • That day, Bell filed the fifth patent application while Gray’s was the thirty-ninth. • Bell was honored with the first telephone patent which was U.S. Patent 174,456.

Bell Telephone Company • Founded in 1877 by Alexander Graham Bell’s father-in-law, Gardiner Greene Hubbard. • Hubbard created the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company. • In 1879 the two companies merged forming the National Bell Telephone Company. • In 1880, another merge took place with others forming the American Bell Telephone Company. • The American Bell Telephone Company was acquired by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) on December 30, 1899. • In later years, AT&T merged with SBC Communications and Bell South forming the New AT&T.

Impact on Society • The earlier form of communication, the telegraph, used Morse Code. This was difficult to read and was easily misinterpreted. • Communication is altered when you can hear what is being communicated rather than translate it from dashes and dots. • The telephone amplified the ability to communicate from long distances. • John Vaughn said, “Considering how vital a factor is the telephone in today’s business world, we find it hard to realize that but thirty years have passed since Bell obtained his first patent.” This tells us that the invention of the telephone created a time period of new buisnesses emerging. • The telephone created new means of communication and led to more inventions that had the same properties as the telephone and speech. • The invention of the telephone also lead to ways to help deaf people.

Impact on Society (cont.)Cellular Phones • Concept of ‘cellular’ phones started in the year 1947. • Researchers looked at crude cars also known as car phones and realized that they were using small cells with frequency reuse they could increase the traffic capacity of mobile phones. • A cell phone is a kind of two way radio. • In 1947 AT&T stated that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assign a number of radio-spectrum frequencies so that widespread mobile telephone would become possible and AT&T could research the technology. • The FCC limited the number of conversations possible at the same time in the same service area to 23 which was not a superior market for researching the technology.

Impact on Society (cont.)Cellular Phones • In 1968 the FCC stated that “If the technology to build a better mobile service works , we will increase the frequencies allocation, freeing the airways for more mobile phones.” • AT&T and Bell Labs said that the cellular system should work with many small, low-powered broadcast towers which would each cover a cell a small number of miles in radius and collectively covering a larger number of miles in general. • As the phones passed through the area, calls would be passed from one tower to the next. • We wouldn’t have they many types of phones we have today if Alexander Graham Bell had not discovered a way to speak to one another through these devices.

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The Age of Invention. Industrial Innovations. 1865-1900 the United States experienced a surge of industrial growth Marked beginning of second industrial revolution In the late 1800's steel helped spur a second industrial revolution

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The Invention of the Automobile

The Invention of the Automobile. Condensed from: http://l3d.cs.colorado.edu/systems/agentsheets/New-Vista/automobile/history.html And http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug02/barnes/autocamping.html. The Automobile Comes to America. By 1900, Europeans had been making cars for fifty years

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THE INVENTION OF FIREWORKS

THE INVENTION OF FIREWORKS. By: Parker Gunnison. History Behind the Invention of Fireworks.

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The Telephone Invention

The Telephone Invention. By:Bailee Fowler. The Inventer is Alexander Graham Bell. Facts About The Telephone Invention. In 1876,At the age of 29,Alexander Graham Bell Invented his Telephone. . Facts about Alexander Graham Bell&The Phone.

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The Age of Invention. 1. WHAT ADVANCES IN TRANSPORTATION WERE MADE IN THE LATE 1800S? 2. wHich INVENTIONS LED TO A COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION? 3. In what ways DID thOMAS EDISON HELP SHAPE THE MODERN WORLD?. TRANSPORTATION.

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The Invention of the Zipper

The Invention of the Zipper. By Maggie Gerrald. Table of Contents. Description of a Zipper How the Zipper came to be The Different Works of the Zipper. Paragraph 1: Description/Materials. Have a part called teeth Teeth keep the material together Teeth have a raised dome Have one slider

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THE INVENTION OF THE AIRPLANE

THE INVENTION OF THE AIRPLANE. Part 1: Background & Failures. 1897 - 1901. ORVILLE. WILBUR. http://wright.nasa.gov. 1889 - 1907. THE CHALLENGE OF FLIGHT. The Dream. THE CHALLENGE OF FLIGHT. The Science. THE CHALLENGE OF FLIGHT. The Science. Weight. THE CHALLENGE OF FLIGHT.

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The Invention of the Microscope

The Invention of the Microscope. By: Kaltham Al-Kuwari 6C. The Microscope.

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INVENTION OF THE WEEK

INVENTION OF THE WEEK. MERVE ÇAPACI. QUESTIONS. What can you do with this screen? Who did create? In which film was used this invention? In the future how can we use this invention?. ANSWERS. You can display from many resources. Warner Bros Star Wars

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The Invention Of The Escalators

The Invention Of The Escalators. By: Muneera Fakhroo Class: English Grade: 6 . About Escalators . The escalator is a moving staircase, they are used to transport people up or down. Its steps are horizontal for the passenger to step on . They are mostly found in malls, airports

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The invention of the T.V.

By: Ahmed. The invention of the T.V. Introduction.

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THE INVENTION OF THE BICYCLE

THE INVENTION OF THE BICYCLE. By: Michael Strahanoski Tyler Young Grace Weisner Evalyn Kantor. The Walking Bike. Baron Von Dravis invented the walking bicycle In 1817. To work the walking bicycle you would have to glide forward . The Two Wheel Bike.

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