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60 Debate Topics for High Schoolers

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What’s Covered:

What makes a good debate topic, good debate topics for teens.

• Where to Get Feedback on Your Debate Topics

Learning to view, think, and discuss ideas from contrasting viewpoints builds a host of skills that will benefit high schoolers both in and out of the classroom—including improving public speaking, reinforcing listening, and sharpening research. Good debate topics for high school students are key to lively discussion and an engaged classroom; they’re issues that students care about. 

A good debate topic for high school is one that inspires students to think and learn about both sides of the issue. There are a few factors to consider when searching for good debate topics for high school students.

• Clear Idea: A good debate topic clearly, simply, and specifically states an often complex idea that students can argue the affirmative (pro) side of and the negative (con) side of.
• Interest: The more interesting the topic is, the more engaged and excited students are to take positions and defend them. 
• Passion: Topics that students feel strongly about work well. If students are super-passionate about a particular issue, it can challenge them to see both sides of the argument. 
• Argument: Good debate topics do not have a clear “right” answer—rather, they have opposing views that participants can make persuasive arguments in favor of or against. 
• Evidence: The availability of evidence and data is key to a good debate topic; without them, participants are merely stating a personal position on a topic. 
• Avoid Cliches: There are a handful of topics that seem to always materialize for debates and can cause students to lose interest. 

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• Are the arts an important aspect of education? 
• Should we make financial education mandatory? 
• Should students attend school year-round? 
• Should schools punish students for bullying that occurs outside of school?
• Will computers replace teachers in the future?
• Should students grade their teachers?
• Should all high school sports become gender-neutral?
• Is a college education as valuable as it once was? 
• Are student loans exploitative? 
• Is it time to eliminate standardized tests? 

Science and Technology

• Is social media making us less social?
• Is Google the best search engine or just the one we’re accustomed to using? 
• Is Android better than iOS? 
• Will technology save the world or destroy it? 
• Can the law keep pace with technology?
• Is the future of school online?
• Will cryptocurrencies replace cash?   
• Is technology taking jobs or creating them? 
• Should every American have the right to access the internet? 
• Are electronic libraries more equitable than traditional ones? 

Government and Politics

• Should the government make vaccinations mandatory?
• Is it time for Supreme Court justices to have term limits? 
• Should we make voting mandatory?
• Should we make all drugs legal?
• Is it time to decriminalize sex work? 
• Is our privacy more important than national security?
• Is it fair to take the right to vote away from felons? 
• Should we raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour?
• Should the government provide universal basic income? 
• Is providing healthcare the job of the government?
• Can governments implement policies that will actually combat climate change?   
• Should we allow the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports?
• Should we remove racial epithets from books like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ?
• Can the U.S. achieve gender equality?
• Is nationalism beneficial or dangerous? 
• Does religion do more harm than good?
• Should we bar police from using lethal force?
• Do we still need the institution of marriage? 
• Can the U.S. ever achieve racial equality?
• Are we living in a dystopian society?
• Should we punish or help drug addicts? 
• Is bad parenting responsible for the rise in childhood obesity?
• Should we sell birth control over the counter? 
• Is it time to ban cigarettes and vaping? 
• Are alternative medicines helpful or harmful?
• Should we ban businesses from advertising to children?
• Is the eight-hour workday outdated? 
• Should we treat corporations like people?
• Should corporations be involved in politics? 
• Is remote work the future of employment? 
• Is gaming a sport? 
• Are books a better entertainment option than television?
• Should social media companies censor content? 
• Is civil disobedience the most effective form of protest? 
• Should we ban football? 
• Should Black Friday sales start on Thanksgiving Day?
• What better determines success: skill or will?
• Should you feel guilty for killing zombies during the zombie apocalypse? 
• Should you choose pizza toppings based on taste or nutrition? 
• Are hot dogs sandwiches?

Where to Get Feedback on Your Debate Arguments 

A vital part of debate preparation is to test your arguments to ensure they specifically address the topic and collectively form a cohesive point. Make sure you consider both sides of the argument to better be prepared for a rebuttal.

Before stepping up to argue your side of the issue, test your argument on CollegeVine’s free peer review essay tool to get feedback for free from a peer!

As you get ready for college, it is important to understand how your extracurriculars, like debate, factor into your chances of acceptance. Check out our free chancing calculator to find the best-fit school for you.

Related CollegeVine Blog Posts

Debate Competitions for High School Students: A Guide

June 27, 2023

Debate competitions for high school students are exhilarating battlegrounds where ideas clash, critical thinking thrives, and confident voices rise. Whether you’re a seasoned debater or new to the game, this comprehensive guide will equip you with the strategies and techniques to excel in these competitive arenas. Moreover, we will introduce Yoodli, an AI speech and communication coach, and explore how it can elevate your debating skills to new heights.

Unleashing Your Potential with AI Debate Coaching

Before delving into the nitty-gritty of debate competitions for high schoolers, let’s introduce Yoodli , your secret weapon for mastering the art of debate. Yoodli is an AI-powered speech and communication coach that provides personalized feedback and guidance to help you become a formidable debater. By leveraging Yoodli’s cutting-edge technology, you can enhance your persuasive abilities, refine your arguments, and elevate your overall performance.

With Yoodli, honing your debating skills becomes an interactive and dynamic process. Through video uploads or recordings of your practice debates, Yoodli analyzes key elements such as your delivery, tone, clarity, and body language. Yoodli gives you instant feedback, empowering you to identify areas for improvement and then polish your strengths. Harness Yoodli’s insights to develop a powerful and persuasive speaking style that both captivates judges and leaves a lasting impact on your audience.

Furthermore, Yoodli automatically generates a transcript of any speech or debate you upload, allowing you to review and analyze your content with precision. Delve into the nuances of your arguments, assess the logical flow, and uncover opportunities to strengthen your case. Yoodli even offers smart rephrasing suggestions, ensuring that your language is concise, impactful, and compelling.

To simulate real-world debate scenarios, Yoodli’s mock interview feature generates unique follow-up questions based on your previous responses. This hones your ability to think on your feet, address unexpected challenges, and also provide articulate rebuttals. Practicing with Yoodli helps build your confidence and equips you with the skills necessary to navigate complex debates with ease.

The Road to High School Debate Competition Success

1. understanding high school debate competition formats.

Debate competitions encompass a variety of formats, such as policy, Lincoln-Douglas, parliamentary, and public forum. Familiarize yourself with the specific rules and structures of each format to tailor your strategies accordingly. Gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic, rules, and time limits to effectively frame your arguments and anticipate your opponents’ tactics.

2. Research and Preparation

Solid research forms the foundation of compelling arguments. Dive deep into reputable sources, including scholarly articles, books, news outlets, and expert opinions. Understand different perspectives and gather evidence to support your stance. Organize your research meticulously, ensuring easy access to key points and statistics during debates.

3. Constructing Persuasive Arguments

Crafting persuasive arguments is crucial for successful debating. Develop a clear and concise thesis statement that encapsulates your position. Support your arguments with robust evidence, logical reasoning, and relevant examples. Utilize rhetorical devices, such as analogies, metaphors , and statistical data, to add impact and appeal to your arguments.

4. Effective Structure and Organization

Debates require well-structured arguments to facilitate comprehension and highlight the strength of your position. Begin with a compelling introduction that grabs attention and clearly states your thesis. Organize your arguments into coherent paragraphs, each addressing a distinct point or subtopic. Remember to use transitional phrases to ensure a smooth flow between ideas.

5. Refining Rebuttal Skills

Rebuttal skills are pivotal in debates, allowing you to counter opposing arguments and strengthen your position. Actively listen to your opponents, identify flaws in their reasoning, and develop strong rebuttals. Craft persuasive counterarguments by exposing logical fallacies, presenting contradictory evidence, and highlighting alternative perspectives.

6. Delivery and Presentation

Effective delivery enhances the overall impact of your arguments. Pay attention to your tone, pace, and clarity of speech. Maintain eye contact with the audience and use appropriate gestures to emphasize key points. Practice vocal variety to engage listeners and add dynamism to your delivery. Mastering these aspects of presentation will captivate judges and leave a lasting impression at the debate competition.

7. Critical Thinking and Active Listening

Debating isn’t just about expressing your own ideas — it’s about engaging with opposing viewpoints. Cultivate critical thinking skills by actively listening to your opponents, analyzing their arguments, and identifying potential weaknesses. Develop the ability to adapt your strategy on the fly, responding thoughtfully and convincingly to unexpected challenges. Active listening is essential for this.

Finding a Debate Competition for High School Students Near You

Participating in local debate competitions for high school students provides invaluable opportunities to put your skills to the test, gain experience, and connect with other passionate debaters. Here are some steps to help you find debate competitions in your area:

Research Debate Organizations

Start by researching debate organizations and associations in your region. These organizations often host or promote debate competitions for high school students. Look for websites, social media pages, or contact information to gather relevant details.

Reach Out to Your School

Speak to your school’s debate coach or faculty advisor to inquire about upcoming debate competitions. They may have information about local or regional events specifically for high school students. Additionally, they might be able to provide guidance or resources to help you get involved.

Utilize Online Resources

Explore online platforms dedicated to debate and speech events. Websites like SpeechandDebate.org and Debate Central offer comprehensive databases of debate competitions. Search for filters like location, date, and grade level to find events suitable for high school students in your area.

Check Community and University Websites

Keep an eye on community event calendars and university websites. Sometimes, they host debate tournaments or provide information about nearby competitions that are open to high school participants. Local newspapers and community bulletin boards can also be sources of information.

Join Debate Clubs or Leagues

Consider joining debate clubs or leagues for high school students affiliated with your school or community. These organizations often have connections and knowledge about upcoming debate competitions. They may even organize their own local tournaments or have partnerships with other schools for inter-school debates.

Attend Workshops and Conferences

Participating in debate workshops, conferences, or training sessions can offer insight into upcoming debate competitions. These events often bring together debate enthusiasts, coaches, and organizers who can provide information on local opportunities.

Remember to review competition guidelines, rules, and entry requirements carefully. Be sure to register within the specified deadlines to secure your participation. Engaging in local debate competitions not only hones your skills but also allows you to build connections within the debate community and gain exposure to different debating styles and perspectives.

Practice + Feedback = The Key to Winning a Debate Competition as a High School Student

Success in debate competitions is rooted in practice and continuous improvement. Regularly engage in mock debates with peers or join debate clubs to sharpen your skills. Seek feedback from experienced debaters and coaches to gain valuable insights and identify areas for growth. Embrace constructive criticism as a catalyst for your development and seize every opportunity to refine your techniques.

Conclusion: Embrace the Challenge and Excel at Your Debate Competition

Participating in high school debate competitions offers an extraordinary platform to sharpen your intellect, enhance your oratory skills, and foster critical thinking. By integrating Yoodli into your preparation and practice routine, you can leverage AI-powered coaching to refine your speaking style, bolster your arguments, and gain the confidence needed to triumph in debate competitions. Remember, with dedication, perseverance, and the right tools, you can unlock your full potential and become a formidable force in the world of high school debate. So, step into the arena, embrace the challenge, and let your voice be heard.

FAQ: Debate Competitions for High School Students

Q1: How can I choose the right debate format for me?

A1: Consider your strengths and interests, as well as the available formats, to find one that aligns with your skills and preferences.

Q2: How much research should I do for a debate competition?

A2: Extensive research is crucial. Aim to gather a comprehensive understanding of the topic and supporting evidence to strengthen your arguments.

Q3: How can I effectively handle rebuttals during a debate?

A3: Actively listen to your opponents’ arguments, identify weaknesses, and construct well-reasoned counterarguments that undermine their claims.

Q4: What can I do to improve my delivery and stage presence at a debate competition for high school students?

A4: Practice vocal projection, enunciation, and body language to enhance your delivery. Maintain eye contact, utilize gestures, and project confidence.

Q5: How can I effectively prepare for unexpected challenges during a debate?

A5: Sharpen your critical thinking skills and anticipate potential counterarguments. Practice thinking on your feet and responding with logical and persuasive rebuttals.

Q6: How important is practice in becoming a successful debater?

A6: Practice is essential. Regularly engage in mock debates, join debate clubs, and seek feedback to refine your skills and strategies.

Q7: How can I handle nerves and stage fright before a debate competition?

A7: Prepare thoroughly, visualize success, and practice relaxation techniques. Embrace nerves as a sign of excitement and channel that energy into a compelling performance.

Q8: What should I do if I disagree with my assigned debate topic?

A8: Approach the topic objectively, separate personal beliefs from the debate, and, finally, focus on constructing persuasive arguments based on available evidence.

Start practicing with Yoodli.

Getting better at speaking is getting easier. Record or upload a speech and let our AI Speech Coach analyze your speaking and give you feedback.

Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 55 great debate topics for any project.

General Education

A debate is a formal discussion about a topic where two sides present opposing viewpoints. Debates follow a specific structure: each side is given time to speak either for or against the topic at hand.

Many students study debate in high school to improve their speaking skills. As a debater, you learn how to clearly structure and present an argument. The skills you develop as a debater will help you on everything from a college admissions interview to a job presentation.

Selecting debate topics is one of the most important parts of debating. In this article, we’ll explain how to select a good debate topic and give suggestions for debate topics you can use.

How to Select Good Debate Topics

A good debate topic is one that lets the participants and the audience learn about both sides of an issue. Consider the following factors when selecting a debate topic:

Interest: Are you interested in the topic? Would the topic be interesting to your fellow classmates, as well as to the audience listening to the debate? Selecting a topic that you’re interested in makes the preparation part of the debate more exciting , as well as the debate more lively.

Argument Potential: You want to choose a debate topic that has solid argument potential. If one side is clearly right, or if there isn’t a lot of available information, you’ll have a hard time crafting a solid debate.

Availability of Data: Data points make an argument more robust. You’ll want to select a topic with lots of empirical data that you can pull from to bolster your argument.

Now that we know how to select a debate topic, let’s look at a list of good debate topics.

Debate Topics Master List

If you’re searching for your next debate topic, here are some suggestions.

Social and Political Issues Debate Topics

• All people should have the right to own guns.
• The death penalty should be abolished.
• Human cloning should be legalized.
• All drugs should be legalized.
• Animal testing should be banned.
• Juveniles should be tried and treated as adults.
• Climate change is the greatest threat facing humanity today.
• Violent video games should be banned.
• The minimum wage should be $15 per hour.
• All people should have Universal Basic Income.
• Sex work should be legal.
• Countries should be isolationist.
• Abortion should be banned.
• Every citizen should be mandated to perform national public service.
• Bottled water should be banned.
• Plastic bags should be banned.

Education Debate Topics

• Homework should be banned.
• Public prayer should not be allowed in schools.
• Schools should block sites like YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram on their computers.
• School uniforms should be required.
• Standardized testing should be abolished.
• All students should have an after-school job or internship.
• School should be in session year-round.
• All high school athletes should be drug tested.
• Detention should be abolished.
• All student loan debt should be eliminated.
• Homeschooling is better than traditional schooling.
• All schools should have armed security guards.
• Religion should be taught in schools.
• All schools should be private schools.
• All students should go to boarding schools.
• Sexual education should be mandatory in schools.
• Public college should be tuition free.
• All teachers should get tenure.
• All school districts should offer school vouchers.

Health Debate Topics

• Healthcare should be universal.
• Cosmetic procedures should be covered by health insurance.
• All people should be vegetarians.
• Euthanasia should be banned.
• The drinking age should be 18.
• Vaping should be banned.
• Smoking should be banned in all public places.
• People should be legally required to get vaccines.
• Obesity should be labeled a disease.
• Sexual orientation is determined at birth.
• The sale of human organs should be legalized.
• Birth control should be for sale over the counter.

Technology Debate Topics

• Social media has improved human communication.
• The development of artificial intelligence will help humanity.
• Individuals should own their own DNA.
• Humans should invest in technology to explore and colonize other planets.
• Governments should invest in alternative energy sources.
• Net neutrality should be restored.
• Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies should be encouraged or banned.
• Alternative energy can effectively replace fossil fuels.
• Cell phone radiation is dangerous and should be limited.

How to Prepare for a Debate

Once you’ve selected your debate topic, the next step is to prepare for your debate. Follow these steps as you get ready to take the podium.

Read Your Evidence

The most important step to building your debate confidence is to familiarize yourself with the evidence available. You’ll want to select reputable sources and use empirical data effectively.

The more well read on your topic you are, the better you’ll be able to defend your position and anticipate the other side’s arguments.

Anticipate the Other Side’s Arguments

As part of your debate, you’ll need to rebut the other side’s arguments. It’s important to prepare ahead of time to guess what they’ll be talking about. You’ll bolster your own side’s argument if you’re able to effectively dismantle what the other side is saying.

Plan to Fill Your Speech Time

Each speaker at a debate is limited to a certain amount of time. You should plan to use every second of the time that you’re allotted. Make sure you practice your talking points so that you know you’re within the time frame. If you’re short, add in more evidence.

Practice to Build Confidence

It can be scary to take the stage for a debate! Practicing ahead of time will help you build confidence. Remember to speak slowly and clearly. Even if your argument is great, it won’t matter if no one can understand it.

Final Thoughts

Debate is a great way to hone your public speaking skills and get practice crafting and defending an argument. Use these debate topics if you're searching for a focus for your next debate.

What's Next?

Looking for ways to keep the debate going in non-academic life? Then you'll love our list of 101 "this or that" questions to argue over with your friends.

Thinking about how you can use your argumentative skills in a future career? Read up on the five steps to becoming a lawyer to see if that's a path you want to pursue.

Getting ready to take an AP test? Here’s a list of practice tests for every AP exam, including the AP literature exam .

It can be hard to schedule time to study for an AP test on top of your extracurriculars and normal classwork. Check out this article on when you need to start studying for your AP tests to make sure you’re staying on track.

Hayley Milliman is a former teacher turned writer who blogs about education, history, and technology. When she was a teacher, Hayley's students regularly scored in the 99th percentile thanks to her passion for making topics digestible and accessible. In addition to her work for PrepScholar, Hayley is the author of Museum Hack's Guide to History's Fiercest Females.

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Nano Nagle Classic Formerly Voices

2020 — classrooms.cloud, ca/us.

• Live Updates

2020 Nano Nagle Classic hosted by Presentation HS

Formerly known as the voices invitational.

Varsity competition in the following DEBATE EVENTS: Policy, Lincoln Douglas, Public Forum and  Congress SPEECH EVENTS:   DI, HI, Duo, POI, IX, USX, IMP, OO, OA, INF, OPP

Tournament of Champion Quarterfinals bids in both LD and PF

NIETOC Bids in DI, HI, POI, Duo, OO, INFORM IX & USX, 

Live Tournament on October 9-11 and Round Robin on October 12 2020, Recorded Speech Rounds October 5-9. All rounds are hosted on the same classrooms.cloud platform that hosted NSDA Nats this summer!  

Live Round in Policy, LD, PF, Congress, IX, USX and IMP

Recorded Rounds for all other speech events including DUO.

LIVE ELIMINATION ROUNDS IN ALL SPEECH & DEBATE EVENTS except Duo which is fully asynchronous...just like at nationals. ALL RECORDINGS MUST BE SUBMITTED ON TABROOM NO LATER THAN Sunday, October 4th at 3 pm PST!

We cordially invite you and your team to attend the first annual Nano Nagle Classic formerly known as the Voices Invitational.   Brand new name, same great tournament.  We have chosen to honor our school's foundress moving forward.  This allows us to honor our roots and still maintain our commitment to supporting speech and debate non-profits with a significant portion of the money we raise each year.  In that past we have always and only supported the Voices Foundation.  As we evolve and add other events, we also decided to leave open the possibility of supporting other worthy speech and debate related non-profit organizations.  This year we will once again support the Voices Foundation and we may add other organizations to the list of charitable organizations to which we offer our support.  SO SIGN UP AND HELP US HELP OTHERS!  We will announce all recipients of funds generated from this tournament as soon as we have identified that list of recipients.  

Note about scheduling:   The schedule is event specific and will be published ASAP.  Debate rounds will run Friday through Sunday for tournament rounds with LD and PF Round Robin rounds taking place on Sunday afternoon and Monday.  Recorded speech rounds will be judged Monday through Friday, 10/05 - 10.09 with LIVE ELIMINATION ROUNDS taking place on, Saturday ONLY.  Please check the updated Speech schedule for more details!   

VOICES FOUNDATION

Since 2005, the Voices Foundation has raised funds for members of the debate community with financial need, in order to increase access to debate opportunities. Last year we generated $16,000 for the Voices Foundation through the tournament. We hope that you can join us for this tremendous event.

THE TOURNAMENT

In accordance with TOC guidelines, the tournament will be able to accommodate 136 VLD and 136 VPF entries. Once we reach the cap in an event we will start a waitlist that will prioritize new school admission and then smaller school entries. There will be an initial cap of 5 entries in LD and 5 in PF per school.

All debate divisions will feature six preliminary rounds of debate and will clear all winning records to the elimination rounds up to a full double-octafinal.

In VLD and Policy mutual preference judging will be available to all schools whose judges have entered their paradigms on  Tabroom.  ALL of your judges must have a paradigm on Tabroom in order for you to receive prefs.

ROUND ROBIN

The LD Round Robin and the PF Round Robin will take place on Monday, October 12th this year. If you are interested in attending, please send an application of accomplishments to  [email protected]   There will no no judge preference system in place during the round robin portion of the tournament.  Every entry must provide a judge.  

ALL ONLINE...see you on classrooms.cloud.

TIME Please note that all times are PACIFIC STANDARD TIME (PST). 

ENTRY FEES & PAYMENT

In light of moving to a virtual tournament this year, we are slashing entry fees for the tournament in hopes to make us a more affordable option for folks.   Moreover, in line with our mission, if any student is in need of financial assistance to compete in this year's Nano Nagle Classic PLEASE REACH OUT TO ME!  We never want finances to be a reason kids skip this tournament.  

All payments are due prior to the start of the tournament and all fees  must be paid  before Round 1 without exception.  Make all checks out to Presentation High School and mail to

Heath Martin

Presentation Speech and Debate

2281 Plummer Avenue

San Jose, CA 95125

ONLINE PAYMENT OPTION USE THIS LINK:  

CLICK HERE TO PAY FEES ONLINE

ONLINE REGISTRATION INFO:

1.  Check in online through Tabroom between 8am and 12pm PST on Friday, October 9th. 

2.  Digital Bus Forms due by Friday at 1pm. 

ENTRY FEES:

LD $80 per entry

PF $80 per entry

Policy $100 per entry

Congress $25 per entry

Speech Events $25 per entry

LD & PF RR $125 per entry

All schools are required to provide qualified, competent judges.   All judges are required to have a paradigm on tabroom.com. If you enter judges without a paradigm you are at risk of having your prefs turned off.    All judges must be familiar with using Tabroom.com for ballots and are required to do so. We will charge a $75 Administration Fee for each judge that needs to be trained or have their tabroom account fixed. In the past, this has caused significant delay to the tournament. If you do not have a judge who is competent as an adjudicator *and* with using the e-balloting, please contact me ahead of time. We'd rather solve that issue beforehand.  We will assess fines in real time.  No entry from your school will be allowed to advance to elim rounds if fees are unresolved.  WE WANT YOUR JUDGES...NOT YOUR MONEY!  

ALL judges are obligated for the double octafinals round, which we plan to hold on Saturday evening. FULL OUT ROUND- DOUBLES.  Judges are then obligated for one round past the exit of their final entry.  

HIRED JUDGES

We will look to hire some judges for the tournament so if you are looking to pick up a contract for the weekend of October 9-12 please contact Heath Martin at [email protected]  - please reach out ASAP so we can get all necessary paperwork complete before the tournament begins.  

Hired judge fees are not one set rate and depend on what we must pay to secure the judge on your behalf. Contact [email protected] with requests.

2020 INDEPENDENT & MIDDLE SCHOOL ENTRY POLICY There are no exceptions to these rules. Please do not ask, it will be a futile effort. We WILL NOT accept independent entries who do not achieve the following criteria:

1. You must have an adult, school-approved chaperone register you through Tabroom.  This adult is the only person with whom tournament officials will communicate about anything related to that school's entire entry at our tournament.  If we cannot communicate with this adult over the course of the registration process and tournament proper, we will be forced to drop the entire entry.  

2. If you are attending as a maverick on your own then you must possess approval, in the form of a signed official letter, to compete by your school's administration and acknowledging the name of your chaperone/coach as a school-approved chaperone/coach.

We do not accept entries under the names of for-profit private organizations and those students must compete under the name of their actual school. Students who participate in these groups are free to continue to do so, but they will have to obtain approval in the same way that any other independent entry would.  

3.  NO MIDDLE SCHOOL ENTRIES THIS YEAR- We anticipate the field will grow this year so we are restricting entries to grades 8-12 only.  Until then, please only enter students in grades 8-12.  We will not allow 6th and 7th graders to enter this  year.  

We do not offer "school protection" for these students to not have to debate each other. We also will not provide school protection between a high school and their affiliated middle school. 

TOURNAMENT HELP DESK We have created a special email for ALL tournament help desk concerns including but not limited to: missing judges, competitors, judge concerns, and platform access issues. Please email:    sphssd@presentationhs. org

PUBLIC FORUM UPDATE

We will use the NSDA rules in Public Forum meaning we will use these time limits:

First Speaker -  Team A 4 minutes 

First Speaker  - Team B 4 minutes 

Crossfire  3 minutes 

Second Speaker  - Team A 4 minutes 

Second Speaker  - Team B 4 minutes 

Summary -   First Speaker  - Team A 3 minutes 

Summary  -  First Speaker  - Team B 3 minutes 

Grand Crossfire  3 minutes 

Final Focus  -  Second Speaker  - Team A 2 minutes

  Final Focus  -  Second Speaker  - Team B 2 minutes 

Prep time  3 minutes.

General Info

Pages & uploads, dates & deadlines.

These deadlines are set in Tabroom for technical purposes. Always consult the invitation or tournament notices for official policies about deadlines and procedures.

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How to Perform Well in a Debate

Last Updated: January 11, 2024 Fact Checked

Expert Q&A

This article was co-authored by Lynn Kirkham . Lynn Kirkham is a Professional Public Speaker and Founder of Yes You Can Speak, a San Francisco Bay Area-based public speaking educational business empowering thousands of professionals to take command of whatever stage they've been given - from job interviews, boardroom talks to TEDx and large conference platforms. Lynn was chosen as the official TEDx Berkeley speaker coach for the last four years and has worked with executives at Google, Facebook, Intuit, Genentech, Intel, VMware, and others. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 1,026,520 times.

People may come up with the most stunning content for their argument, but the fact is that in most cases, nearly one-third of the marking criteria goes to your delivery of the material. While speaking passionately about poorly researched work probably won't win you a debate, marrying factual evidence with emotional conviction will. No matter how analytical and academic a debate is, your presentation will have a definite effect on your adjudicator, as well as your audience. In a tight match, your win may rest on the drama of your performance.

• You'll need to have an understanding of your audience's desires and needs, as well as how to best appeal to them.
• When appealing to your audience, think about a balance of logos, ethos, and pathos. [2] X Research source These three modes of persuasion will be used to convince your audience to believe in your argument. Each will provoke a different reaction from a crowd, and you must change your approach to adapt to the needs of your audience.
• A more logical approach, resting mainly on logos, might be appropriate when your audience wants factual evidence of how you'll improve their dire circumstances.
• When trying to keep an even tone and seem unbiased, employ more ethos in your speech. This is good for a more formal audience, but one that you still need to empathize with you, or the situation that you're being faced with.
• Pathos has the potential to become manipulative in the wrong occasion, but when done right, you can inspire particular strong emotions within your audience. These emotions have the power to drastically change the course of your speech.
• Mastering the art of rhetoric will ensure that your prepared speech is as strong as possible. This will booster your ability to perform this argument.

• Introduction. Express your message and why it's important to your audience, as well as yourself.
• Statement of fact. Break down the general thesis of your argument into smaller parts. This is where you name reasons why the current issue exists.
• Confirmation, or proof. Craft your main argument here, as well as reasons why your argument is a successful one.
• Refutation. Acknowledge your opposition, giving some credence to their argument, before challenging their point-of-view.
• Conclusion. Wrap up your main points of your argument and give instructions on what you want your audience to do or think.

• You should also adjust your style to fit your audience. Make sure you express your ideas in a way that aligns with the moral and intellectual level of your audience.
• You can make active use of various linguistic tropes when arranging your arguments. Also known as "figures of speech," these tropes are tried and true methods in composing a sleek and compelling argument.
• Antithesis will help you contrast ideas and phrases, as will skillful juxtaposition. Metaphor and simile are both nice ways to equate one idea to another. Any of these tropes will add spice to your writing.

• It's worth noting that certain aspects of your debate will have to be performed on the fly. By memorizing the facts of your topic, however, you'll be able to recount these facts organically. This will help you grow more confident in improvising your speech.

• Delivery will also vary to fit your audience. When speaking to a smaller audience, you can make more eye contact, speak more directly to those listening to you. Franklin Delano Roosevelt's "Fireside Chats," for example, were radio broadcasts intended to feel intimate for everyone listening in. His larger speeches, in contrast, felt more immediate and righteous, fitting the more massive scope of their subject matter.

• The "uh" sound usually takes less time to overcome in speech. It suggests that you've just finished one point, and you're taking a moment to move onto the next.
• Your "um" sounds can be far more dangerous, as they suggest that you may be searching for completely unfamiliar information. You'll want to eliminate both from your speech patterns in formal debate, however, as both suggest a stalling in your thought process.
• Try replacing your filler sounds with silence. This will give your audience time to stew on your last point, and it will also give you time to generate your stimulus for your next idea.
• Remember that everyone needs time to process before moving to their next sentence. You aren't eliminating this thought process. You are, however, making it appear that you are thinking less than you actually are.

• When your work is highly researched, it runs the risk of becoming pedantic. If you're simply regurgitating facts from academia, your rhetoric can quickly become dull and overly intellectual. Look out for words such as "capitalist" or "dichotomy." These sorts of words, while thick with various meanings, have been dulled by overuse in the past few years.

• It's much easier to enunciate if you slow down the pace of your speech. You may be able to get through a larger quantity of points, but it's unlikely that all of them will be heard.
• Try the "pencil-in-mouth" drill if you want to improve your articulation. Stick a pencil in your mouth, parallel to your forehead, and practice your speech while holding it in place. You'll have to verbalize around this obstacle in your mouth, working harder to enunciate your syllables.
• When you remove the pencil, you'll find that your speech is far clearer. Keep that same level of enunciation when you're performing. When you blend enunciation with a slower manner of speech, it'll be easier for others to dissect your points.

• Boil your arguments into more specific points, mentally, before launching in. You won't win this portion of your debate by scattering new ideas into the air at the last moment.
• Sum up your argument into one or two sentences. You'll obviously be extrapolating on these points, but it'll help you to have a logical home base to return to.
• Focus on what you know you've done successfully. Don't be hard on yourself for taking the "path of least resistance" when going for the win.

• You generally have a large stage to inhabit while debating. Occupy this space fully. You don't want to be pacing nervously, but you do want to ensure that you look comfortable speaking in front of others.
• Don't rely on gesture as a nervous tick. If you're releasing anxiety through gesture, then your gestures will not be strong. Instead, they'll add unnecessary motion, distracting from your speech.

• After you make eye contact with one person in the audience, deliver your next line or phrase to the next person. This way, you'll connect with a larger number of people in a one-on-one way.
• You can also use eye contact to silence a distracting presence in your audience. If someone isn't paying attention to you, then a prolonged stare will make them feel uncomfortable. The hope, then, is that they'll quiet down, or at least attempt to be less distracting.

• If you're speaking about grisly, violent details, you'll want to adapt a tone of disgust. When slipping in a mild joke or self-aware remark, a humorous or light-hearted tone can be very effective.
• Above all, your tone should always have some level of urgency. This proves that you aren't avoiding the importance of the topic at hand. Diversifying your tone is very important, but you never want to forget the core of your speech.

• When done poorly, these major pauses can really tank an argument. Make sure that you've built up to this pause with a great deal of momentum. That way, your silence will be earned.
• Pauses can range in their use, from dividing major points in a paragraph to allowing you to get a drink of water. Make sure that you're losing your pauses appropriately, as you don't want to break your focus with too much regularity.

• Often referred to as a "final blast," your closing remark takes familiar points from your speech and amplifies them with a final appeal to your audience.
• You can achieve this with a heightened tone of voice, or you can allow your speech to move a bit quicker than it normally would. Poking small holes in your composure will amplify your power as an orator, and this last effort may be crucial in solidifying a win.

• Make your arguments more convincing with eye contact, strong body posture, pauses, a sense of certainty in your speech, clearness, and conciseness. Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 1
• Don't be afraid if you just said something wrong. Clarify it while keeping calm. Being confident at all turns is key. Confidence can lead you anywhere. Thanks Helpful 4 Not Helpful 0
• Just remember that the content and accuracy of your argument will still be what the adjudicator will be marking primarily upon. You want to perform well and naturally, but you don't want to invent. Thanks Helpful 3 Not Helpful 0

Tips from our Readers

• If you forget your point, simply make something relevant up on the fly to cover the hesitation. Hesitating can give the other side an edge.
• Use examples, illustrations, and gestures to explain your arguments vividly. It engages the audience more than plain speech.
• Don't be nervous — take deep breaths and picture something calming like puppies cuddling. Stay confident.
• Speak naturally and avoid artificial-sounding tone changes. Sincerity makes you more persuasive.
• Keep calm eye contact with the judges and audience. It shows you're focused and self-assured.
• Stick to the issue at hand. Don't drift or you'll weaken your argument. Stay concise.

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/215588515.pdf
• ↑ https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/dreaming-freud/201705/six-ways-appeal-audience
• ↑ https://www.unr.edu/writing-speaking-center/student-resources/writing-speaking-resources/speech-delivery
• ↑ https://hbr.org/2018/08/how-to-stop-saying-um-ah-and-you-know
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/word-choice/
• ↑ https://debate.uvm.edu/NFL/rostrumlib/cxCheshier0402.pdf
• ↑ https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/review-of-grit-the-power-of-passion-and-perseverance/

About This Article

To perform well in a debate, speak slowly and enunciate your words so your audience has more time to process all of the points you're making. You should also try to vary the tone of your voice while you’re speaking, which will make your speech more interesting and engaging. For example, if you're talking about a shocking statistic, use a tone of surprise to help get your point across. Additionally, maintain good eye contact with your audience and your adjudicator throughout the debate so they feel like you're speaking directly to them. When you're ready to end your debate, heighten your tone of voice and speak a little bit faster for your closing arguments to show that you're passionate about the topic. For more tips, like how to come up with a persuasive argument, keep reading! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Teaching Debate Across the Curriculum

Debating helps students strengthen their communication and objective thinking skills, and practice patience and tolerance.

Sometimes it feels like the art of debate is dying, but considering the benefits, it’s surprising that educators don’t employ the debate process more often across grade levels and content areas. Debate doesn’t just enrich content; it provides a way for students to deeply engage with what they’re learning, and they also gain profound skills. Through debate, students have the chance to do the following:

• Improve their written and oral communication skills
• Exercise their critical thinking and collaboration abilities
• Heighten their research, organization, and presentation skills as they work with team members to develop their best arguments
• Find and use their voice through public speaking
• Learn how to think objectively about an issue
• Practice tolerance, humility, and patience as they listen to the different perspectives of the opposing team, and take turns listening to each other’s arguments

Debate offers an ideal setting to instill confidence in our students so they learn how to use their voice effectively. Every subject area offers an opportunity to engage students in debate and to help us create an outlet that enables them to learn how to discuss issues in a constructive way that’s less ego driven and more about working with others to develop the reasoning behind a stance they take.

Debate can almost be considered a way to gamify learning. Students love being a part of a team and having the chance to “win” through strategy, presentation, and sound argumentation. Students don’t need to wait for the high school years to practice debating—even at the elementary level, students can practice the basic premise of debate.

Regardless of age level, it’s a matter of posing a relevant question or prompt and creating a space that challenges students to apply their learning.

Debate-Topic Ideas for All Grade Levels and Subject Areas

Throughout our curriculums, there’s often ample opportunity to generate prompts that provoke inquiry. I like giving students prompts, as it helps them to understand that statements aren’t always facts. Just because it has a period at the end doesn’t mean it’s something you shouldn’t question.

Also, it’s not always necessary to place students on the affirmative or opposing side based on their preferences; sometimes it can be an academic challenge to place them on the side they don’t agree with.

The following examples offer ideas for how to develop angles in each subject area that facilitate debate:

Literature: Help students use debate to explore societal norms, character flaws, or ethical issues. In the elementary grades, students can read  Three Little Pigs vs. The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs!  by A. Wolf and discuss the prompt: The big bad wolf is innocent. For middle or high schoolers reading  1984 , the prompt might be: Your privacy is protected.

Health: Have students explore the pros and cons of healthy habits on individual and societal levels. An elementary school prompt could be: Vending machines in the school cafeteria are a good idea, and in middle or high school, students could debate: There should be a law banning soda (or other foods with too much sugar).

Science: Have students apply concepts from class, like biodiversity, and relate them to current practices. Elementary students can debate: Zoos should exist. Middle and high school prompts include: Recycling is enough to reduce plastic pollution, or Mowing should  be banned.

Math: Have students explore how numbers and data are used in everyday life. An elementary prompt is:Students should have to show their work to demonstrate learning. For middle and high school: Statistics are reliable.

Social studies: Have students explore perspectives on people, places, events. Elementary students might debate: Superheroes (e.g., Batman) are good citizens. In middle or high school: Textbooks accurately reflect history.

You can also run a debate that captures the broad view of your class. For instance, have students form teams around the prompt, “Students need to learn algebra” (or any other subject). You could also select a relevant current event, book, or article assignment, and provide a prompt.

Here are a couple of other general examples for debate: It’s important for students to memorize basic facts, and Homework is beneficial to students.

How to Run a Debate

Consider the age level of your students. It’s OK to modify this process. What’s important is giving the students the opportunity to work together to craft and deliver their arguments in a structured manner. Here’s a sample of how you might structure a debate.

• Introduction of the topic and teams (3 minutes).
• Arguments (3 minutes per team per round):

The claim : Have students state their position.

The data : Have students cite proof or evidence that backs their claim.

The warrant : Have students interpret how the data supports the claim.

You can have students repeat the claim-data-warrant cycle as you see fit. I recommend two claims (an opening presentation and an additional argument).

• Prepare for rebuttals (5-minute break).
• Rebuttal (3 minutes per team)—No new information should be added at this time.
• Closing statement (3 minutes per team)—This might include additional rebuttal statements.

Set some ground rules for the debate, so that students understand what it looks like to politely exchange ideas—for instance:

• Model civility.
• No ad hominem (personal) attacks.
• Listen carefully to the arguments of your opponent.
• Do not interrupt. Let the other team finish their arguments before you begin.
• Manage your emotions. Don’t let your feelings get the best of you.
• You may not agree with the stance you have to take. Try your best and be objective.

To be able to debate is a life skill. It equips us to be good citizens, to advocate for ourselves and the issues we care about, and to be effective in the workplace. Moreover, it encourages students to engage in content in a whole new way.

Pros and Cons of Moving to Moscow

This guide was written prior to Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine and is therefore not reflective of the current situation. Travel to Russia is currently not advisable due to the area's volatile political situation.

Rich in history and culture, Moscow is an exciting destination for expats. Nevertheless, they may experience frustrations arising from bureaucracy, a difficult language adjustment and extreme weather conditions. Nonetheless, the city offers an attractive lifestyle with its active social life and vibrant arts and culture scene. 

Accommodation in Moscow

Densely populated Moscow offers a variety of options for accommodation, though lots of competition and high prices make finding the perfect home a bit tricky.

+ PRO: Range of options

There are many different types of accommodation available in Moscow. Expats are just as likely to find themselves in a pre-revolutionary apartment with high ceilings, thick walls and interesting architecture as in a modern apartment block with good facilities and high-tech features. There are also several international compounds with other expats. These gated communities usually offer their own sports facilities and social activities. 

- CON: High demand and expensive 

With so many people living in Moscow, housing is in great demand and can therefore be expensive. Apartments are also often small, and expats may be disappointed with what their money can buy. Realistically, size, quality and location are the most important factors influencing the cost of accommodation in Moscow. Expats with a limited budget may need to compromise on one or more of these factors to find a home that best suits them.

Lifestyle in Moscow

Moscow is a huge city, offering a wide range of activities and events . The expat community is close-knit, giving new arrivals the opportunity to make friends.

+ PRO: Great social scene 

There is so much to do in Moscow, with activities catering for every interest. Most groups and organisations are well-organised and welcoming to newcomers. The expat community is busy throughout the year with balls and charity events.

Nightlife within the city is excellent, with a variety of bars, clubs and restaurants to choose from. The quality of museums, art galleries, theatres and concerts is also outstanding.

- CON: Eating out can be expensive

Restaurants in Moscow can be extremely expensive. Expats may find their social life is limited if living on a budget. Luckily, knowing the right places will help make going out more affordable.

Education and schools in Moscow

+ pro: international schools are available .

There are several international schools in Moscow offering excellent quality education and facilities. There are also good private Russian schools, although only a small percentage of expat children attend these.

- CON: Demand is high and space is limited

The demand for schools outweighs the supply. Therefore, schools in Moscow can be expensive with long waiting lists. Schools are usually located outside of central Moscow. So, unless expats live close to the school, children will have to travel some distance by school bus or car each day.

Climate in Moscow

+ pro: many winter and summer outdoor activities.

The climate in Moscow is quite extreme. Winter weather can be beautiful in Moscow, with blue skies and sunshine on the white snow. Cross-country skiing is popular with expats and ice-skating is possible all over the city as many playgrounds are made into ice-rinks. Summer is a great time to explore Moscow, as the city is generally quieter. There are lakeside and river beaches in Moscow, where expats and locals alike can take advantage of the good weather.

- CON: Long winters 

The extreme winter weather can make living in Moscow challenging for most of the year. Expats should make sure to have enough thick and warm winter clothing to get them through. 

Safety in Moscow

- con: bribery and corruption.

Bribery and corruption are still issues in Moscow, and expats are sometimes affected by this. It's also not uncommon to find incidents of racism.

Healthcare in Moscow

+ pro: medical facilities are of a high standard .

There are many private medical centres in Moscow with well-trained doctors who can, in most cases, speak English. Dental treatment is also of a high standard in the city.

- CON: Healthcare is expensive

Getting medical treatment can sometimes be expensive, although most expats have insurance to cover these costs. Dental treatment is also pricey, although competitive with other European prices. 

Public transport in Moscow

+ pro: comprehensive public transport system.

Moscow has an impressive public transport system . The metro is not only clean, safe, efficient and fast; it is also a tourist attraction. Daily tours explore the metro system, with guides showing tourists through some of the city's most beautiful stations. These stations often resemble palaces, with sculptures, mosaics and even chandeliers. There is also an extensive bus, trolleybus and tram route throughout Moscow. Many of Moscow’s buses now even have Wi-Fi access.

- CON: Crowded public transport during rush hour 

Rush hour on the metro can be unpleasantly crowded. Many of the metro stations and trains also haven’t changed all their signs to show both the Cyrillic alphabet and the Latin alphabet. Being able to read place names in Russian is therefore helpful to avoid getting lost in the rush hour chaos.

- CON: Heavy traffic

Bad traffic can put people off travelling in and around Moscow. Luckily, the metro system is good and expats living near transport stops shouldn't have any issues getting around. The traffic could be a problem for those who choose to drive in Moscow, however. 

Further reading

►For a breakdown of what you can expect to pay for basic goods and services in Moscow, see  Cost of Living in Russia .

Expat Interviews " What I like the most about Moscow is the city itself. It is always clean, vibrant, and full of entertainment and friendly pedestrians. It means that you can walk as far as you want to and feel safe about doing so." Read about Eva's experience living in Moscow as an expat .  "What I like about Moscow is that it’s very dynamic and animated; there is always something to do at any time of the day and of the night!"  Read about Laurent's experience and his likes and dislikes of living in Moscow.

Are you an expat living in Moscow?

Expat Arrivals is looking for locals to contribute to this guide, and answer forum questions from others planning their move to Moscow. Please contact us if you'd like to contribute.

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