modern gothic literature essay

Gothic Literature Essay

Gothic literature originated in the early nineteenth century. Writers of such works combined some elements of the medieval literature considered too fanciful and modern literature classified as too limited to realism. The settings reflected elements of horror and fear. They consisted of gloomy dungeons, underground passages, abundant usage of ghosts, and mysterious occurrences.

The relations reflected the extreme opposites such as life and death, dream and reality, right and wrong, and rationality and madness. The main aim of gothic literature was to evoke chilling terror by use of cruelty, mystery, and a combination of horror scenes. Gothic literature now includes works of fictions, which do not have medieval settings but create a worrisome atmosphere of terror in representing macabre or melodramatic violence.

Allan Edgar Poe short story, The Pit and the Pendulum, shows horrors associated with torture. Mental and physical torture are horrifying human experiences. The story also shows the cruelty and injustice people experience when they deviate from the established beliefs or when wrongly accused. The choice of settings as “THE PIT, typical of hell………. the Ultima Thule of all their punishments” (Poe 1989), shows the pervading elements of gothic literature.

Words, phrases, and imagery contribute to the effect of terror with morbidity and the expected horrifying death e.g. “Down — certainly, relentlessly down! It vibrated within three inches of my bosom! I struggled violently – furiously” and use of images like “Figures of fiends in aspects of menace, with skeleton forms, and other more really fearful images” (Poe 1989) create terrifying horror scenes.

Poe captures the use of explicit violence as a condemnation of the Inquisition. Poe shows confusion in the narrator’s mind as a “call to mind flatness and dampness; and then all is MADNESS — the madness of a memory which busies itself among forbidden things” (Poe 1989). Readers do not know whether the narrator is guilty or not. Poe leaves the moral judgment to his readers as he shows hope in rescue of the narrator.

The Cask of Amontillado by Poe shows terror as a means of punishing offenders. We do not see any evidence that Fortunato inflicted thousands of injuries and insults to Montresor. The short story demonstrates a human tendency in avenging wrong-doings. He foreshadows death in putting on a mask of black silk.

The concealed murder is a means to avoid the legal procedure for justice. Poe captures elements of death as follow “It was not the cry of a drunken man. There was then a long and obstinate silence. I laid the second tier, and the third, and the fourth; and then I heard the furious vibration of the chain” (Poe 1846).

The description of the setting alludes to scary and horrifying scenes such as “walls had been lined with human remains, piled to the vault overhead” and “I bowed him through several suites of rooms to the archway that led into the vaults. I passed down a long and winding staircase” (Poe 1846). The images of “A huge human foot d’or, in a field azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel” present scary elements of gothic works (Poe 1846). Poe leaves the moral judgment about revenge to the readers.

Poe’s two short stories bear all the elements of horrifying and chilling gothic literature. The use of imagery and descriptions of the settings make the reader identify with the sufferings people go through in the name of seeking justice. In The Pit and the Pendulum, Poe does not prove the evidence of wrongdoings of the narrator.

Likewise, in The Cask of Amontillado , he fails to show us evidence that Fortunato inflicted injuries and insults to Montresor. Poe shows that all forms of retributions, either through a legal system or personal vendetta, are the worst form of horror people can experience. This is a case of blind justice and blind revenge.

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Exploring Modern Gothic Literature: Understanding its Themes and Characteristics

Gothic literature has been around for centuries and continues to capture the imagination of readers today. While the traditional Gothic genre was popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, modern Gothic literature has emerged as a powerful and evocative literary movement in the 21st century. With its dark and eerie themes, modern Gothic literature offers readers a unique and fascinating lens through which to explore the human experience. Modern Gothic literature is characterized by its exploration of the dark and unsettling aspects of human nature, often incorporating elements of horror, the supernatural, and the macabre. This genre is focused on creating an atmosphere of terror and suspense, drawing readers into a world of mystery and intrigue. It is a genre that is often associated with the darker side of human emotion and experience, exploring themes of death, decay, and the unknown. Through its exploration of these themes, modern Gothic literature offers readers a powerful and thought-provoking examination of the human condition and the complex nature of the world we inhabit. Gothic literature is a genre of fiction that originated in the late 18th century and is characterized by dark, mysterious, and often supernatural themes. The term \gothic\ originally referred to medieval architecture, but as the genre developed, it came to encompass a range of themes and motifs such as haunted castles, ghosts, and madness. Gothic literature emerged as a response to the Enlightenment, which emphasized reason and science, and was seen as a way to explore the darker side of human nature and the mysteries of the unknown. Some of the earliest examples of gothic literature include Horace Walpole’s \The Castle of Otranto\ and Ann Radcliffe’s \The Mysteries of Udolpho,\ and the genre has since evolved to encompass a wide range of subgenres, from dark romance to horror. The gothic genre has undergone a significant evolution since its emergence in the 18th century. While traditional gothic literature was characterized by dark and supernatural themes, modern gothic literature has expanded its themes to include psychological horror, societal issues, and the exploration of the human psyche. Contemporary gothic writers often incorporate elements of horror, mystery, and romance into their works to create a sense of unease and tension. The genre has also expanded to include various subgenres, such as urban gothic, gothic science fiction, and gothic fantasy. With its diverse themes and elements, modern gothic literature continues to captivate readers and provide a platform for exploring the darker aspects of human nature and society.

Themes in Modern Gothic Literature

Modern Gothic literature has been a popular genre for many decades, and its themes have evolved over time. One of the main themes in modern Gothic literature is the exploration of the human psyche. Authors often delve into the darker aspects of the human mind, including fear, obsession, and madness. They use Gothic elements such as ghosts, haunted houses, and supernatural occurrences to create an atmosphere of terror that reflects the characters’ inner turmoil. This exploration of the human psyche allows readers to confront their own fears and anxieties, making modern Gothic literature a powerful tool for self-reflection and personal growth. Another common theme in modern Gothic literature is the exploration of societal issues. Gothic literature has always been a vehicle for social commentary, and modern Gothic literature is no exception. Authors use Gothic elements to explore societal issues such as class, race, gender, and sexuality. They often create characters who are marginalized or oppressed, using the horror and terror of the Gothic genre to highlight the injustices they face. This exploration of societal issues allows readers to confront uncomfortable truths about our society and to consider ways in which we can work towards a more just and equitable world. Death and mortality are recurring themes in modern gothic literature. The inevitability of death and the transience of life are fundamental aspects of the human experience, and gothic literature often explores these themes in a variety of ways. From the fear of death and the unknown that it brings, to the fascination with the macabre and the afterlife, gothic literature dives deep into the human psyche in its exploration of mortality. Gothic writers often use death as a tool to explore the darker aspects of humanity, such as our fears, desires, and obsessions. Through their exploration of death and mortality, gothic writers challenge readers to confront their own mortality and to reflect on the meaning of life and death in our modern world. The supernatural and paranormal are integral elements of modern Gothic literature, as they evoke a sense of mystery, fear, and uncertainty. The genre often features ghosts, demons, witches, and other supernatural entities, which challenge the boundaries of our understanding of the world. The paranormal is often used to explore deeper psychological themes, such as trauma, guilt, and the human condition. It is through the use of these elements that modern Gothic literature creates a sense of unease and tension that keeps readers engaged and on the edge of their seats. Whether it is the fear of the unknown or the sense of dread that comes from confronting the supernatural, these themes continue to captivate audiences and remain a staple of the Gothic genre. Isolation and madness are two core themes in modern Gothic literature, serving as a means of exploring the darker aspects of the human psyche. The isolation of characters, whether physical or emotional, often leads to a sense of detachment and disconnection from reality, allowing madness to take hold. This descent into madness is often depicted as a result of the character’s inability to cope with their isolation, leading to a breakdown of their mental state. Through these themes, modern Gothic literature delves into the depths of the human condition, exploring the fragility of the mind and the terrifying consequences of being cut off from the world around us. Violence and horror are two prominent themes in modern gothic literature. The genre often explores the darker aspects of the human psyche, such as fear, trauma, and violence. These themes are often used to create an atmosphere of dread and tension in the narrative, as the characters are forced to confront their deepest fears and darkest desires. In many cases, violence and horror are used as metaphors for the anxieties and fears of modern society, including the fear of technology, the fear of the unknown, and the fear of death. Whether through blood-soaked horror or psychological terror, modern gothic literature uses violence and horror to explore the darker aspects of the human experience, and to challenge our most deeply-held beliefs and assumptions about the world around us. Fear and anxiety are common themes in modern gothic literature. The genre presents characters who are often haunted by their past or tormented by their own thoughts. These characters are often isolated and feel trapped in their own minds, leading to a sense of dread and unease. The use of gothic elements such as gloomy settings, supernatural occurrences, and psychological horror intensifies the feelings of fear and anxiety. The aim of gothic literature is to evoke strong emotions in the reader, and fear and anxiety are some of the most powerful emotions that can be used to achieve this.

Characteristics of Modern Gothic Literature

Modern Gothic literature is a genre that emerged in the late 18th century as a response to the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. It is characterized by its dark, mysterious, and supernatural themes, which often involve haunted houses, ghosts, vampires, and other supernatural creatures. Gothic literature is also known for its psychological depth, exploring themes of madness, guilt, and repressed desires. The genre has evolved over time, with modern Gothic literature incorporating contemporary issues such as technology, social inequality, and environmental degradation into its themes. One of the defining characteristics of modern Gothic literature is its use of horror and terror to create a sense of unease and suspense in the reader. Horror is the use of gruesome and violent imagery to scare the reader, while terror is the use of suspense and anticipation to create fear. Modern Gothic literature often uses both horror and terror to create a sense of dread in the reader. Another characteristic of modern Gothic literature is its use of the supernatural and the uncanny. The supernatural refers to anything that goes beyond the natural world, such as ghosts, witches, and vampires. The uncanny, on the other hand, refers to something that is familiar yet strange, causing a feeling of unease in the reader. Modern Gothic literature often combines the supernatural and the uncanny to create a sense of mystery and suspense in the reader. Dark and eerie settings are a hallmark of modern Gothic literature, and they serve to heighten the suspense and tension of the narrative. These settings are often characterized by dimly lit corridors, abandoned buildings, and misty landscapes that create a sense of foreboding and unease in the reader. The use of such settings is a reflection of the Gothic genre’s fascination with the supernatural and the unknown, as well as its exploration of the darker aspects of human nature. By immersing the reader in these unsettling environments, modern Gothic writers are able to tap into our deepest fears and anxieties, evoking a sense of dread that lingers long after the story has ended. Complex and flawed characters are a hallmark of modern gothic literature, with protagonists who are often struggling with inner demons or grappling with a dark past. These characters are not always likeable, but they are always intriguing, drawing readers in with their complexity and depth. They may struggle with addiction, mental illness, or trauma, and their flaws may drive them to make questionable decisions or engage in dangerous behavior. Despite their flaws, however, these characters are often sympathetic, as readers come to understand the challenges they face and the reasons behind their actions. Through their struggles, readers are forced to confront their own fears and anxieties, creating a powerful and immersive reading experience. Symbolism and metaphor are two literary devices that are commonly used in modern gothic literature to convey deeper meanings and convey complex emotions. Symbolism allows authors to imbue objects, actions, and characters with meaning beyond their literal interpretation. For instance, a dark, decrepit castle may represent death, decay, and isolation. Metaphors, on the other hand, allow authors to compare two seemingly dissimilar things and create a vivid image in the reader’s mind. For instance, describing a character’s heart as a black hole suggests an emptiness or darkness within them. By using these literary devices, modern gothic authors can create a haunting and eerie atmosphere that resonates with readers long after they have finished reading the story. The exploration of the human psyche has been a prominent theme in modern gothic literature. This genre delves into the darker side of human nature, portraying characters who are haunted by their own thoughts and emotions. These works often examine the depths of the human mind, exploring themes of madness, obsession, and psychological trauma. Through the use of eerie settings, supernatural elements, and complex characters, modern gothic literature offers an unsettling glimpse into the human psyche. By confronting the darker aspects of human nature, these works challenge readers to confront their own fears and anxieties, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding of the human experience. In modern Gothic literature, there is a strong emphasis on creating a specific atmosphere and mood that is unsettling and eerie. This is achieved through the use of vivid imagery, sensory details, and a focus on the darker aspects of human nature. The goal of this type of literature is to evoke a sense of dread and unease in the reader, and to create an immersive experience that transports them into the eerie world of the story. By focusing on atmosphere and mood, modern Gothic literature is able to explore complex themes such as death, decay, and the supernatural in a way that is both haunting and thought-provoking. Ultimately, this type of literature offers a unique and captivating glimpse into the darker side of the human psyche.

Examples of Modern Gothic Literature

Modern Gothic literature is a genre that has its roots in the 18th century, but it has evolved over time to incorporate contemporary themes and issues. Some of the most popular examples of modern Gothic literature include \The Haunting of Hill House\ by Shirley Jackson, \American Psycho\ by Bret Easton Ellis, and \Interview with the Vampire\ by Anne Rice. These novels explore themes such as the supernatural, madness, and the grotesque, and they often feature complex characters that struggle with their own inner demons. Another popular example of modern Gothic literature is \The Silence of the Lambs\ by Thomas Harris. This novel tells the story of FBI agent Clarice Starling, who is tasked with tracking down a serial killer known as Buffalo Bill. The novel is filled with suspense, psychological horror, and disturbing imagery, and it explores themes such as power, gender, and identity. \The Silence of the Lambs\ is a prime example of how modern Gothic literature can be both terrifying and thought-provoking, and it continues to be a staple of the genre to this day. Error

The Significance of Modern Gothic Literature

Modern Gothic literature is a genre that has been gaining popularity in recent years. It is characterized by elements of horror, darkness, and the supernatural, and often explores themes such as death, madness, and the unknown. This genre has its roots in the Gothic literature of the 18th and 19th centuries but has evolved to reflect the contemporary concerns and anxieties of our time. The significance of modern Gothic literature lies in its ability to provide a space for exploring the darker aspects of human nature and the world around us. One of the key themes of modern Gothic literature is the exploration of the unknown. This can take many forms, from the supernatural to the psychological, and often involves characters being pushed to the limits of their understanding and endurance. By confronting the unknown, modern Gothic literature allows us to confront our own fears and anxieties, and to explore the darker corners of the human psyche. This can be both cathartic and unsettling, as it forces us to confront the things that we would rather leave unexamined. Ultimately, the significance of modern Gothic literature lies in its ability to provide a space for us to explore the mysteries of the world and ourselves, and to confront the things that scare us the most. Exploration of contemporary societal issues is one of the most critical aspects of modern Gothic literature. The genre is known for its exploration of themes such as trauma, mental illness, and societal decay, and it often uses the supernatural as a means of highlighting these issues. By examining contemporary societal issues through the lens of Gothic literature, authors can shed light on the darker aspects of modern society and challenge readers to confront uncomfortable truths. Through its use of haunting imagery and unsettling themes, modern Gothic literature forces readers to confront the reality of the world around them, and in doing so, it has the power to effect real change. Modern Gothic literature often reflects the fears, anxieties, and uncertainties that haunt human existence. Through the use of dark and eerie settings, supernatural occurrences, and mysterious characters, Gothic writers explore the darker aspects of human nature. The themes of death, decay, and the unknown often feature prominently in Gothic literature, tapping into our primal fears of the unknown and the uncontrollable. The genre also often explores the themes of isolation and loneliness, highlighting the alienation that many individuals feel in the modern world. By shedding light on the darker aspects of human existence, Gothic literature provides readers with a way to confront their fears and anxieties, and perhaps even find some solace in the knowledge that they are not alone in their struggles. The horror genre has been a significant part of modern gothic literature, contributing to its popularity and success. The genre is characterized by its ability to evoke fear, terror, and revulsion in its readers and viewers. It often explores themes of death, the supernatural, and the unknown, tapping into our innate fears and anxieties. Throughout history, many writers and filmmakers have made significant contributions to the horror genre, including Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Bram Stoker’s Dracula, and Stephen King’s The Shining. These works have helped to shape the genre, inspiring countless other writers and filmmakers to explore the dark and terrifying aspects of the human experience. Modern Gothic literature has had a significant influence on popular culture and media, with its dark and eerie themes captivating audiences across various mediums. From novels to films, TV shows, and even video games, Gothic literature has inspired a wide range of creative works. Its influence can be seen in popular shows like American Horror Story, which draws inspiration from classic Gothic texts, and in the music industry, where Gothic aesthetics have inspired artists like Marilyn Manson and The Cure. Gothic literature’s impact on popular culture is a testament to its enduring appeal and its ability to capture our imaginations with its haunting imagery and themes of mystery, terror, and the supernatural.

Criticisms of Modern Gothic Literature

Despite the popularity of modern gothic literature, it is not without its criticisms. One of the main criticisms is that it often relies too heavily on traditional gothic tropes, such as haunted houses and supernatural creatures, without adding anything new or original to the genre. Critics argue that this lack of innovation can make the stories feel predictable and formulaic, leading to a sense of boredom for readers. Another criticism of modern gothic literature is that it can be overly reliant on shock value and graphic violence, often at the expense of character development and meaningful storytelling. While the use of gore and horror can be effective in creating atmosphere and tension, it can also become gratuitous and detract from the overall impact of the story. Some critics argue that authors should focus more on creating complex and compelling characters, rather than relying on sensationalist elements to drive the narrative. The overuse of cliches and tropes is a common issue in modern Gothic literature. Writers often fall back on familiar imagery and themes, such as haunted houses, ghosts, and supernatural beings, without adding any fresh perspective or originality to their work. This can result in a predictable and formulaic story that fails to engage readers. Additionally, relying too heavily on these tired tropes can undermine the impact of the Gothic genre, which is meant to evoke fear, dread, and unease in its audience. To truly capture the essence of Gothic literature, writers must strive to innovate and bring a fresh voice to the genre, rather than simply rehashing the same old cliches. The lack of originality is a common issue in modern Gothic literature. Many authors tend to recycle the same tropes and themes, resulting in a sense of predictability and monotony for readers. This can be seen in the frequent use of supernatural entities such as ghosts, vampires, and werewolves, as well as the portrayal of isolated and decrepit settings like haunted houses and abandoned castles. While these elements may be effective in creating a sense of unease, their overuse can lead to a lack of innovation and creativity in the genre. Nevertheless, some modern Gothic literature manages to break away from these conventions by introducing unique characters and exploring non-traditional themes, resulting in a refreshing take on the genre. The Gothic genre has been a staple in literature for centuries, inspiring countless works of horror and romance. However, in recent years, there has been a trend of misusing Gothic themes and elements in pop culture. Often, this involves reducing Gothic aesthetics to superficial tropes, such as black clothing, dark makeup, and morbid imagery, without any deeper exploration of the genre’s themes. This misuse not only oversimplifies the complexity of Gothic literature but also perpetuates harmful stereotypes about mental health and alternative subcultures. It is essential to remember that Gothic literature is more than just a fashion statement or a passing trend; it is a rich and multifaceted genre with a long and complex history. One of the main challenges that modern gothic literature faces is its inaccessibility to certain audiences. Although the genre has gained popularity in recent years, it is still often seen as a niche or elitist form of literature. This is partly due to its complex and sometimes abstract themes, as well as its tendency towards experimentation with language and narrative structure. Additionally, the gothic often deals with dark and unsettling subject matter, which may not appeal to all readers. Despite these challenges, however, modern gothic literature continues to push the boundaries of what is possible in the realm of storytelling, and its unique blend of horror, surrealism, and psychological exploration makes it a fascinating and rewarding genre for those who are willing to explore its depths.

Future of Modern Gothic Literature

The future of Modern Gothic Literature is a topic of great interest to enthusiasts of this genre. The Gothic genre has undergone many changes over the years, and it has evolved into a more nuanced and complex form of storytelling. In the future, we can expect to see Gothic literature that explores a wider range of themes and characters. With the rise of technology and the internet, we may also see Gothic literature that incorporates digital media and explores the darker side of our dependence on technology. As society changes, so too will the Gothic genre, and we can expect to see new forms of Gothic literature emerging in the years to come. One of the most exciting aspects of the future of Modern Gothic Literature is the potential for new voices and perspectives to emerge. As the genre becomes more inclusive and diverse, we can expect to see stories that explore a wider range of experiences and identities. This will not only enrich the genre but also allow readers to see themselves reflected in the stories they read. As the Gothic genre continues to evolve, we can expect to see new themes and motifs emerging, as well as new ways of exploring the dark and unsettling aspects of human experience. Whether through traditional forms or innovative new approaches, the future of Modern Gothic Literature is sure to be a fascinating and thrilling journey. Modern Gothic literature is a genre with immense potential for growth and innovation. As contemporary writers continue to explore the themes of horror, suspense, and the supernatural, they have the opportunity to push the boundaries of traditional Gothic tropes and create new and exciting narratives. With the rise of technology and the changing landscape of society, there is a wealth of inspiration available for writers who want to explore the darker side of human nature and the unknown. By embracing new ideas and experimenting with different styles and techniques, modern Gothic literature has the potential to remain a relevant and captivating genre for years to come. Modern gothic literature offers a vast possibility for diversification and inclusion. This genre has evolved and expanded to incorporate a wide range of themes and characteristics that reflect the diverse experiences and perspectives of contemporary society. From exploring issues of race, gender, sexuality, and class to delving into the complexities of mental health and identity, modern gothic literature is a genre that welcomes and embraces diversity. Moreover, modern gothic writers often challenge the traditional boundaries of the genre, creating works that are both innovative and inclusive. As such, modern gothic literature offers a unique opportunity to explore and celebrate the diversity of human experience. The impact of current societal and cultural trends on modern Gothic literature is significant. Gothic literature has always been a reflection of the fears and anxieties of society, and in the modern era, these fears have shifted. The current societal and cultural trends, such as the rise of technology, the increasing awareness of mental health issues, and the fear of ecological collapse, have all found their way into modern Gothic literature. These themes are explored in new and innovative ways, using the traditional Gothic elements of horror, suspense, and the supernatural to create a sense of unease and uncertainty in the reader. The result is a new wave of Gothic literature that speaks to the fears and concerns of our modern age, while still retaining the timeless appeal of the genre. Modern gothic literature is a genre that blends horror, romanticism, and supernatural elements to create a dark and unsettling atmosphere. It often features haunted houses, ghosts, and supernatural beings, as well as psychological terror and suspense. Some of the key themes in modern gothic literature include isolation, madness, fear, and the unknown. The genre also frequently explores the boundaries between reality and fantasy, as well as the human psyche and the darker aspects of the human condition. Gothic literature is characterized by its atmospheric descriptions, vivid imagery, and use of symbolism to convey deeper meaning. Overall, modern gothic literature continues to captivate readers with its haunting themes and unforgettable characters. Modern gothic literature remains an important and relevant genre in contemporary literature. With its dark themes, eerie settings, and complex characters, gothic literature continues to capture the imagination of readers. It offers a unique perspective on the human condition, exploring the darker aspects of our nature and the consequences of our actions. Gothic literature also allows us to confront our fears and anxieties, helping us to better understand ourselves and the world around us. From the popularity of TV shows like American Horror Story to the success of novels like The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, modern gothic literature remains a powerful force in contemporary culture, continuing to captivate and inspire audiences around the world. In conclusion, modern Gothic literature is a complex genre that offers readers a variety of themes and characteristics to explore. From horror and suspense to the supernatural and the uncanny, Gothic literature is a rich tapestry of dark and unsettling themes that continue to captivate audiences today. If you are interested in learning more about this fascinating genre, I recommend exploring the works of authors such as Shirley Jackson, Angela Carter, and Neil Gaiman. Additionally, reading critical studies on Gothic literature can provide valuable insights into the historical and cultural contexts that inform it. Overall, the study of modern Gothic literature is a rewarding and thought-provoking endeavor that offers a unique perspective on the darker aspects of the human experience.

In conclusion, modern Gothic literature continues to captivate readers with its haunting themes and unique characteristics. From exploring the darkness of the human psyche to delving into the supernatural and mysterious, Gothic literature offers a rich and complex reading experience. Through its use of vivid imagery, complex characters, and atmospheric settings, Gothic literature continues to leave its mark on the literary world. Whether it’s through classic works or contemporary novels, the Gothic tradition continues to evolve, providing readers with a platform to explore the darker side of the human experience. Ultimately, understanding the themes and characteristics of modern Gothic literature can help readers appreciate the genre’s enduring appeal and significance in today’s literary landscape.

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A Brief Introduction to Gothic Literature

Elements, Themes, and Examples from the Gothic Style

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Ph.D., English Language and Literature, Northern Illinois University
M.A., English, California State University–Long Beach
B.A., English, Northern Illinois University

The term Gothic originates with the architecture created by the Germanic Goth tribes that was later expanded to include most medieval architecture. Ornate, intricate, and heavy-handed, this style of architecture proved to be the ideal backdrop for both the physical and the psychological settings in a new literary genre, one that concerned itself with elaborate tales of mystery, suspense, and superstition. While there are several notable precursors, the height of the Gothic period, which was closely aligned with Romanticism , is usually considered to have been the years 1764 to about 1840, however, its influence extends to 20th-century authors such as V.C. Andrews, Iain Banks, and Anne Rice.

Plot and Examples

Gothic plotlines typically involve an unsuspecting person (or persons)—usually an innocent, naive, somewhat helpless heroine—who becomes embroiled in complex and oftentimes evil paranormal scheme. An example of this trope is young Emily St. Aubert in Anne Radcliffe’s classic Gothic 1794 novel, "The Mysteries of Udolpho," which would later inspire a parody in form of Jane Austen ’s 1817 "Northanger Abbey."

The benchmark for pure Gothic fiction is perhaps the first example of the genre, Horace Walpole’s "The Castle of Otranto" (1764). Although not a long tale in the telling, the dark, its oppressive setting combined with elements of terror and medievalism set the bar for an entirely new, thrilling form of literature.

Key Elements

Most Gothic literature contains certain key elements that include:

Atmosphere : The atmosphere in a Gothic novel is one characterized by mystery, suspense, and fear, which is usually heightened by elements of the unknown or unexplained.
Setting : The setting of a Gothic novel can often rightly be considered a character in its own right. As Gothic architecture plays an important role, many of the stories are set in a castle or large manor, which is typically abandoned or at least run-down, and far removed from civilization (so no one can hear you should you call for help). Other settings may include caves or wilderness locales, such as a moor or heath.
Clergy: Often, as in "The Monk" and "The Castle of Otranto," the clergy play important secondary roles in Gothic fare. These (mostly) men of the cloth are often portrayed as being weak and sometimes outrageously evil.
The paranormal : Gothic fiction almost always contains elements of the supernatural or paranormal, such as ghosts or vampires. In some works, these supernatural features are later explained in perfectly reasonable terms, however, in other instances, they remain completely beyond the realm of rational explanation.
Melodrama : Also called “high emotion,” melodrama is created through highly sentimental language and instances of overwrought emotion. The panic, terror, and other feelings characters experience is often expressed in a way that's overblown and exaggerated in order to make them seem out of control and at the mercy of the increasingly malevolent influences that surround them.
Omens : Typical of the genre, omens—or portents and visions—often foreshadow events to come. They can take many forms, such as dreams, spiritual visitations, or tarot card readings.
Virgin in distress : With the exception of a few novels, such as Sheridan Le Fanu’s "Carmilla" (1872), most Gothic villains are powerful males who prey on young, virginal women (think Dracula). This dynamic creates tension and appeals deeply to the reader's sense of pathos, particularly as these heroines typically tend to be orphaned, abandoned, or somehow severed from the world, without guardianship.

Modern Critiques

Modern readers and critics have begun to think of Gothic literature as referring to any story that uses an elaborate setting, combined with supernatural or super-evil forces against an innocent protagonist. The contemporary understanding is similar but has widened to include a variety of genres, such as paranormal and horror.

Selected Bibliography

In addition to "The Mysteries of Udolpho" and "The Castle of Otranto," there are a number of classic novels that those interested in Gothic literature will want to pick up. Here's a list of 10 titles that are not to be missed:

"The History of the Caliph Vathek" (1786) by William Thomas Beckford
"The Monk" (1796) by Mathew Lewis
"Frankenstein" (1818) by Mary Shelley
"Melmoth the Wanderer" (1820) by Charles Maturin
"Salathiel the Immortal" (1828) by George Croly
" The Hunchback of Notre-Dame " (1831) by Victor Hugo
"The Fall of the House of Usher" (1839) by Edgar Allan Poe
"Varney the Vampire; or, the Feast of Blood" (1847) by James Malcolm Rymer
"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" (1886) by Robert Louis Stevenson
" Dracula " (1897) by Bram Stoker
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Gothic Literature

Andrew Smith
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Language: English
Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
Copyright year: 2013
Audience: College/higher education;
Main content: 224
Keywords: Literary Studies
Published: March 10, 2013
ISBN: 9780748647439

Introduction: Gothic Modernisms: History, Culture and Aesthetics

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Andrew Smith &
Jeff Wallace

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The connections between modernism and the Gothic have largely been overlooked in studies of the Gothic and in modernist scholarship. Given the Gothic’s appeal to a mass readership and modernism’s associations with elite culture, such oversights seem initially justifiable. However, this is to ignore modernism’s fascination with the everyday, as witnessed for example in two seminal high modernist achievements of 1922, Ulysses and The Waste Land; and it is to ignore the mutual obsession of the Gothic and the modernist with the rapidly changing relationship between culture and the quotidian. The refrain from T. S. Eliot’s ‘Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ — ‘In the room the women come and go/Talking of Michelangelo’ (1. 13–14) — illuminates one aspect of such a relationship. 1 The lines form a misogynistic image of women gossiping about a mode of culture which they do not understand; but the paradox is that such an image of cultural exclusion is both celebrated and breached by a modernist aesthetic which glimpses in the everyday, not a decline of cultural authority, but rather its rhetorical and image bearing status. In transforming Michelangelo into mass experience, mass culture both captures the essence of a cultural commonality and symbolically represents an attachment to a more profound world of longing, fear and nostalgia — a world, in other words, of Gothic dimensions.

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James Joyce, Ulysses ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993 ), p. 47.

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W. J. McCormack, The Field Day Anthology o f Irish Writing , vol. 2, ed. Seamus Deane (Derry: Field Day, 1991 ), p. 846.

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University of Glamorgan, UK

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Smith, A., Wallace, J. (2001). Introduction: Gothic Modernisms: History, Culture and Aesthetics. In: Smith, A., Wallace, J. (eds) Gothic Modernisms. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333985236_1

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Publisher Name : Palgrave Macmillan, London

Print ISBN : 978-1-349-42365-1

Online ISBN : 978-0-333-98523-6

eBook Packages : Palgrave Literature & Performing Arts Collection Literature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)

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Over the last decade, an increasing number of handbooks and critical studies have been published on the Gothic. In 2010-2015, Routledge published more than 40 studies centered on the genre; in the last five years, 183 titles have been added to this list. Although the increasing interest in hitherto marginalized Gothic works is in itself a remarkable cultural phenomenon, most of the published handbooks focus on the English-speaking world, leaving out manifold cultural and linguistic traditions with rich contributions to the genre. This Unit seeks to conduct research on the Gothic from a transnational, cross-cultural, and interdisciplinary perspective. We see the genre as comprising multifold traditions whose contributions to LGBTQIA+ studies, cultural theory, political economy, bio-ethics, and techno-science, remain underexplored. By looking at the world from the peripheralized standpoints of the “monstrous,” the abject, the uncanny, and the tumultuous, the Gothic offers unique though often overlooked critical insights into modern societies. In order to approach the wide variety of Gothic pieces and their specific critical approaches to modernity, our group activities are divided into two sections: 1.1 Research & Discussion Group: monthly meetings comprising reading discussions, graduate students’ presentations, and guest faculty talks. 1.2 Gothic Encyclopedia Task Force: quarterly meetings oriented to the development of a multicultural and multilingual scholarly encyclopedia of the Gothic. For more information, please contact rwain [at] stanford.edu (rwain[at]stanford[dot]edu) , cynthia.vialle-giancotti [at] stanford.edu (cynthia[dot]vialle-giancotti[at]stanford[dot]edu) , or crfsoler [at] stanford.edu (crfsoler[at]stanford[dot]edu) . If you would like to follow our upcoming events and be informed of the other activities of the group, please contact Cynthia Vialle-Giancotti ( cinziag [at] stanford.edu (cinziag[at]stanford[dot]edu) ) to be added to our gothic mailing list: thegothic [at] stanford.edu (thegothic[at]stanford[dot]edu) .

COGNATE COURSE (you can now enroll in the group for 1 unit!):

ENGLISH 1G: The Gothic: Transcultural, Multilingual, and Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Genre This course is a research platform for the interdisciplinary and cross-cultural study of the Gothic literary and cinematic genres. We consider the Gothic to have rich traditions whose contributions to Queer and LGBTQ+ studies, cultural theory, political economy, bio-ethics, and techno-science, remain under-explored. By looking at the world from the peripheralized standpoints of the ¿monstrous,¿ the abject, the dark, the uncanny, and the tumultuous, the Gothic offers unique though often overlooked critical insights into modern societies. Students enrolled in this course will participate in research activities and reading discussions oriented towards crafting interdisciplinary Gothic syllabi for the future and a cross-cultural Encyclopedia of the Gothic. Terms: Aut, Win, Spr | Units: 1 | Repeatable for credit

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Horror Literature From Gothic to Post Modern: Critical Essays

2020, Horror Literature From Gothic to Post Modern: Critical Essays

Academic anthology of essays that were presented at the Ann Radcliffe Academic Conference in 2017 and 2018. TOC: Acknowledgments v Foreword: The Truth of Horror: A Brief History of the Genre’s Nonfiction Works … and Why We Need Them (Lisa Morton) 1 Introduction (Michele Brittany and Nicholas Diak) 9 Section One: Horror Writers Who Forged New Ground “The mist of death is on me”: Ann Radcliffe’s Unexplained Supernatural in Gaston de Blondeville (Elizabeth Bobbitt) 15 Jekyll and Hyde Everywhere: Inconsistency and Disparity in the Real World (Erica McCrystal) 29 ScatterGories: Class Upheaval, Social Chaos and the Horrors of Category Crisis in World War Z (J. Rocky Colavito) 41 Section Two: Spotlighting Horror Authors Horror Writers Marjorie Bowen and the Third Fury (John C. Tibbetts) 57 “When the cage came up there was something crouched a-top of it”: The Haunted Tales of L.T.C. Rolt (Danny Rhodes) 70 Richard Laymon’s Rhetorical Style: Minimalism, Suspense and Negative Space (Gavin F. Hurley) 86 Four Quadrants of Success: The Metalinguistics of Author Protagonists in the Fiction of Stephen King (James Arthur Anderson) 101 Section Three: Exploring Literary Theory in Horror “The symptoms of possession”: Gender, Power and Trauma in Late 20th Century Horror Novels (Bridget E. Keown) 115 “Not a Bedtime Story”: Investigating Textual Interactions Between the Horror Genre and Children’s Picture Books (Emily Anctil) 128 Synchronic Horror and the Dreaming: A Theory of Aboriginal Australian Horror and Monstrosity (Naomi Simone Borwein) 141 “Gelatinous green immensity”: Weird Fiction and the Grotesque Sublime (Johnny Murray) 164 Section Four: Disease, Viruses and Death in Horror Night of the Living Dead, or Endgame: Jan Kott, Samuel Beckett and Zombies (Kevin J. Wetmore, Jr.) 179 Koji Suzuki’s Ring: A World Literary Perspective (Frazer Lee) 188 Mapping Digital Dis-Ease: Representations of Movement and Technology in Jim Sonzero’s Pulse and Stephen King’s Cell (Rahel Sixta Schmitz) 201 Afterword: Guardians of the Damned: Horror Scholarship and the Library (Becky Spratford) 215 About the Contributors 219 Index 223

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