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Charting Your PhD Journey in Japan: Admission, Lifestyle, and Balancing Work with Study

Japan, with its unique blend of ancient culture and technological innovation, offers a compelling environment for ambitious PhD students. Whether you’re diving into cutting-edge research or exploring the bustling streets, life as a doctoral candidate here is full of potential. But to truly thrive, understanding the ins and outs of admissions, budgeting for your lifestyle, and mastering the Japanese language is key.

Advantages of Pursuing PhD in Tokyo

Application Process and Timeline for a PhD Program

Can You Apply From Overseas?

List of English PhD programs offered by Universities in Japan

Navigating financial waters: living as a phd student, working while you learn, mastering japanese: a strategic move for phd students in japan, the key to professional opportunities, advantages of pursuing a phd in tokyo.

There are many advantages to pursuing an English-speaking PhD or master’s degree in Tokyo. Here are just a few:

• High-quality education: Tokyo’s universities are renowned for their academic rigor and research excellence. Many of these universities are ranked among the top institutions in the world.
• Cultural immersion: Tokyo is a vibrant and exciting city with a rich cultural heritage. Pursuing a degree in Tokyo will give you the opportunity to experience Japanese culture firsthand.
• Networking opportunities : Tokyo is a global hub for business and innovation. You will have the opportunity to network with leading professionals worldwide.
• Career prospects: A degree from a prestigious university in Tokyo will give you a competitive edge in the job market.

Application Process and Timeline for PhD Programs

Embarking on a PhD in Japan starts with navigating the admissions process. Programs in English are widely available, particularly in science and technology, economics, business, and various interdisciplinary fields. Admission requires a relevant master’s degree, a well-defined research proposal, and often proficiency in English or Japanese. The admission process for PhD programs in Japan typically varies from university to university. However, the general steps involved in the application process are as follows:

• Meeting Eligibility Criteria: Applicants must hold a master’s degree or equivalent qualification from a recognized institution. Check the program website for specific admissions requirements and deadlines.
• Submitting Application Documents: Required documents may include transcripts, recommendation letters, research proposals, and language proficiency test scores (e.g., TOEFL, IELTS).
• Participating in Entrance Examinations: Some universities conduct written examinations or interviews to assess candidates’ knowledge and aptitude for research.

The application deadlines for English-speaking PhD and Master’s programs in Tokyo typically range from April to June. However, it is always best to check with the individual university for the most up-to-date information.

Can You Apply from Overseas?

Applications for English-speaking PhD and Master’s programs in Tokyo can typically be submitted from overseas. The application process is usually online, and you must submit the required documents digitally. However, some universities may also require you to send a physical copy of your application materials.

Additional Considerations

• Admissions requirements: Each university will have its own admissions requirements for English-speaking PhD and Master’s programs. These requirements may vary depending on the program, but they typically include a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree, transcripts, letters of recommendation, and a personal statement.
• Language proficiency: While most English-speaking Ph.D. and Master’s programs in Tokyo do not require Japanese language proficiency, having some basic Japanese language skills is always a good idea. This will help you navigate daily life in Japan and make the most of your experience.
• Funding: There are a number of funding opportunities available for international PhD students in Japan, including scholarships, fellowships, and teaching assistantships. It is important to research these opportunities carefully and apply for those you are eligible for.

Scholarships

Scholarships such as MEXT, Rotary Yoneyama Foundation Scholarships, or university-specific grants are vital in supporting your academic journey. They cover everything from tuition fees to living expenses, allowing you to immerse in your studies and the rich culture of Japan. Read what each scholarship offers below!

1. The Japanese Government ( MEXT ) Scholarship

This scholarship is offered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT). There are scholarships available for privately financed international students, as well as those under student exchange agreements. The application for the 2024 MEXT Japanese Studies Scholarship will open in January 2024 . Value of Award:

• 100% of tuition (covered by the APU Tuition Reduction Scholarship)
• 145,000 JPY per month for living expenses (amount subject to change)
• Economy class air travel between the home country and APU at the beginning and end of the program. 

2. Rotary Yoneyama Foundation Scholarships

This scholarship is provided for future students of Japanese universities and graduate schools. This program serves two different application periods. If your expected enrollment is April 2024, the deadline is March 1, 2024 . If the expected enrollment is September/October 2024, the deadline is August 1, 2024.

Value of Award:

• 100% of tuition 
• The scholarship provides a monthly stipend for the duration of time, for Doctoral students: 140,000 JPY per month for two years

3. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Fellowship

This fellowship is awarded to postdoctoral researchers who are conducting research in Japan. The JSPS offers two different programs long-term and Short-term; the application period is from mid-April to June 7, 2023 .

• 200,000 JPY per month for living expenses
• Leave for childbirth and childcare: Fellows are allowed to suspend their research for childbirth and childcare and are offered a path back into the laboratory. They can also choose to work short hours while on such leave.

4. The Fulbright Specialist Program Japan

This is a partial funding international scholarship provided by the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs for international students. For those candidates that met all eligibility requirements, you may apply to join the Fulbright Specialist Roster twice every 12 months . If you were not approved with your first application, you may reapply immediately and be included in the next peer review panel cycle. 

Additionally, the Asian Development Bank-Japan Scholarship Program (ADB-JSP) offers about 135 graduate scholarships annually for studies in economics, business and management, science and technology, and other development-related fields. 

As a PhD student in Japan, you’re allowed to work part-time up to 28 hours a week during term-time and full-time during vacations. This can supplement your scholarship and provide real-world experience, but it’s essential to balance this with your study commitments.

For PhD students aspiring to work in Japan, proficiency in the Japanese language is invaluable. It paves the way for greater job opportunities, deeper cultural integration, and successful networking. 

Get the Full Japanese Experience

– Cultural Integration: Understanding the language is the first step to truly immersing yourself in Japanese culture and society.

– Work Eligibility: Many employers prefer or require proficiency in Japanese to navigate the local business environment and workplace culture.

– Networking: Speaking Japanese opens up a wealth of networking opportunities that are otherwise inaccessible, helping you to build valuable connections for your career.

If you’re a PhD aspirant in Japan with an eye on the job market, gaining proficiency in Japanese is more than just an academic requirement—it’s a strategic career move. The ability to communicate effectively in Japanese can significantly broaden your professional horizons and make you a compelling candidate in the job market, both during and after your PhD studies.

Our Language Courses: Tailor-Made for Your Success

Recognizing the importance of Japanese language skills for PhD students in Japan, our part-time and online courses are designed to fit into a busy academic schedule:

– Part-Time Japanese Courses These are ideal for PhD students who want to balance their research with language study. With flexible class times, you can learn Japanese without compromising your academic commitments.

– Online Japanese Courses For maximum flexibility, coto’s online Japanese courses allow you to learn from anywhere, at any time. This means you can advance your language skills even during fieldwork or if you’re on a research trip.

As a PhD student in Japan, your success isn’t solely determined by your academic achievements; it also hinges on your ability to navigate the local language and culture. By integrating Coto Japanese language courses into your study routine, you’re not just preparing for your dissertation defense—you’re setting the stage for a flourishing career in Japan. So, take the first step towards unlocking your full potential in the Japanese job market with our dedicated language courses, crafted to help you excel in both your studies and your professional life.

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Apply to PhD

The Graduate School accepts about 60 full-time graduate students per year. This ensures low numbers of students for each faculty member so that we can deliver best-in-the-world teaching to our graduate students. The basic requirement for the OIST Graduate Program is completion of a Bachelors, Masters, or equivalent degree prior to the admission date. Students may submit an application at any time. Your application will be considered at the next admissions committee meeting. Shortlisted candidates will be invited to the Admissions Selection , held online twice a year, as part of the selection process.

OIST strives to create and maintain an inclusive, equitable, and diverse environment that does not discriminate against gender, gender identity, gender expression, age, sexual orientation, mental or physical disability, medical condition, race, ethnicity, ancestry, culture, national origin, religion, or marital status. Applications from women and other underrepresented groups are strongly encouraged. For more details, please refer to the OIST Graduate School Three Policies.

Selection Schedule

*The schedule is tentative and subject to change.

Number of Accepting Students

The Graduate School accepts 60 students. To conduct education and research tailored to the wishes and aptitude of each students, we accept a small number of students.

Application Requirements

Completion of a Bachelors, Masters, or equivalent degree. Furthermore, we accept applications from persons, who expect to complete their degree before the date of enrollment at the Graduate School.

Application Procedure

We accept application documents only online. Please prepare all necessary documents written below in English and in a PDF file and upload all necessary documents at the application website .

Note: We recommend using a computer when preparing the online application. If you prefer using a mobile device, please make sure to have the latest operating system for the application to work properly.

Required Documents

Scanned copies of your current academic transcript and any other transcript from your past degree  (BSc, MSc, etc.) in PDF format

Completed diploma (BSc, MSc, etc.) in PDF format.

• A scan of an unofficial transcript or other record of grades may be uploaded to the application website.
• English explanation is required for transcripts that are not written in English.
• If you have not graduated and do not have a diploma yet, please upload a certificate of enrolment from your institution (which preferably indicates your expected graduation date)

This should be not more than 400 words (2500 characters) and should address the following points:

• The applicant’s scientific interests and aspirations.
• What the applicant hopes to gain from undertaking graduate studies at OIST.

The application system requires applicants to submit a passport number and upload a scan of their passport photo page. It is essential that applicants from outside Japan have a valid passport for travel to Japan. You must supply your passport details in the application process.

If you do not have a passport at the time of application, you can upload other government-issued identification documents instead. However, if you receive an offer after the Admissions Selection, OIST will need a copy of your valid passport immediately to prepare your visa application and travel arrangement to relocate to Okinawa.

Each applicant is required to have at least two and no more than five letters of recommendation from appropriate academic referees. Two is the minimum requirement, but as a rule, it is very helpful for the admissions committee to have three or more letters. In the online application system, the applicant will enter the name and email of each recommender. The system will then contact the referee directly for their letter.

• OIST strongly recommends that applicants ask academic referees in advance for permission to list them as recommenders. Recommendation letters needs to be submitted by the deadline. Referee comments are a very important part of the selection process, and it is the applicant's responsibility to first ensure that referees are willing to submit such a letter, and then that they do submit before the deadline.
• Recommender’s letters will be treated as confidential material and will not be available to applicants or parties other than OIST faculty members assessing the application. In registering a recommender the applicant acknowledges that there is no right to read the recommender’s letter.
• You can only submit your application after at least two recommendation letters are received in the application system.

An applicant who is seeking admission on the basis of a qualification from a university for which the language of teaching and/or examination is not English is required to provide a TOEFL iBT or IELTS score obtained within the last 2 years. Please upload a digital copy of your official score report to the application website.

• There is no minimum score required but the information is necessary in determining preparatory course requirements.

Optional Documents

The following documents may be submitted optionally, and will be taken into consideration by the selection committee if available:

• Additional evidence of academic ability such as GRE general or specific test scores obtained within the last 2 years.
• Additional material such as the title and abstract of publications and oral presentations, and other evidence of achievement.

Note: The OIST Graduate School reserves the right to request an external evaluation of academic qualifications from any applicant.

Application Fee

There is no application fee to apply for the OIST Graduate Program.

• Graduate International Research Students

International Research Students

Admission information for graduate international research students (kenkyusei) for 2024.

Last updated: June 2, 2023

A Graduate International Research Student (kenkyusei) is an international student admitted to the Graduate School of Science to study a specific subject under the supervision of a faculty member. Note that a "kenkyusei" is not entitled to receive any degree or qualification on completion of the program. If you wish to apply for admission as a candidate for a Master's or doctoral degree, see "Graduate Admissions Information" at: http://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/admission/

1. Qualifications for Applicants

One who holds foreign citizenship and who meets one of the following three qualifications listed below.

• One who has completed, or is expected to complete 16 years of education abroad before enrolling the University of Tokyo as a Graduate International Research Student.
• One who has been conferred a degree equivalent to that of a bachelor's degree or is expected to be conferred one before enrolling the University of Tokyo as a Graduate International Research Student from a foreign university or other foreign institution (limited to those whose comprehensive status of education and research activities have been assessed by the government of the said foreign country or a related organization), having completed a program with a completion period of three years or more.
• One who has been approved by the Graduate School of Science of the University of Tokyo as being academically equivalent or superior to a college graduate.

Those who apply as an Embassy Recommended Monbukagakusho Scholarship - hereinafter referred to as MEXT Applicants - for 2024 must meet one of the conditions1.-3. listed above and in addition must also have passed the preliminary selection organized by the relevant Japanese Embassy or Consulate General.

2. Application Period

* Please check the respective period carefully and prepare all the application documents listed in 3.

• From July 1 to 17:00 on August 25, 2023, by Japan Standard Time (GMT+0900) : for applicants wishing to enroll on April 1 or October 1, 2024, as Embassy Recommended Monbukagakusho (MEXT) Scholarship Students
• From October 25 to 17:00 on November 15, 2023, by Japan Standard Time (GMT+0900) : for applicants wishing to enroll on April 1, 2024, as Self-Supported Students
• From April 26 to 17:00 on May 13, 2024, by Japan Standard Time (GMT+0900) : for applicants wishing to enroll on October 1, 2024, as Self-Supported Students

Note: All application documents must arrive by the designated time and date of the application period.

3. Application Documents

Prepare all of the application documents listed below, and upload 1. in Excel format as it is and 2. through 10. in a single scanned PDF file.

Note: Before submitting an application, please contact a potential supervisor and obtain his/her consent to supervise you. The consent obtained here is the consent to be your supervisor if you are accepted and does not guarantee your acceptance.

• Application for Admission as a Graduate International Research Student
• Confirmation of degree or certificate of (expected*) graduation/completion issued by the university(ies) or college(s) attended (must state the name of the degree). * If you are expected to complete your current degree program after the application period, you must submit an official statement of expected graduation/completion issued by your university. In this case, successful applicants will be required to submit a certificate of graduation/completion officially issued by your last university attended, at the time of enrollment.
• Transcript of academic record issued by each of the university(ies) or college(s) attended.
• Recommendation letter written and signed by your current supervisor or individual who is familiar with your academic or scientific work.
• Study Program (Form provided)
• Proof of your prior consultation with the potential supervising professor at the Graduate School of Science, such as a copy of correspondence emails.
• Statement of balance of your bank account (only required for Self-Supported Students)
• Financial Plan Questionnaire (Form provided, only required for Self-Supported Students)
• Certificate of preliminary selection issued by the Japanese Embassy/Consulate General (only required for MEXT applicants for 2024)
• Payment confirmation of Examination Fee Please refer to the section below for the details of payment confirmation. Payment confirmation of the Examination Fee Submit a screen capture of the "Result" page if using the e-shiharai online payment option.
• You need to attach a Japanese or English translation issued by the university if the document is not written in either of these languages.
• To view the above required documents (PDF files), you need "Adobe Reader" which may be downloaded from the Adobe site

4. Examination Fee

NOTE : Payment is possible only during the designated application period. Make sure to select "Graduate School of Science", "Admission for Graduate International Research Students", and "Graduate International Research Students JPY9,800" in the dropdown selection boxes. Note that these choices will not appear before or after the application period, when you cannot make a payment for this application.

• Payment confirmation of the Examination Fee (Last updated in May 2015)
• How to make a Payment of Examination Fee by Credit Card (Last updated in May 2023)

5. Application Submission Method & Contact Address

6. selection result.

Applicants will be notified of the results at the following times:

• As soon as the decision has been made: for applicants (MEXT applicants for 2024) wishing to enroll on April 1 or October 1, 2024
• January, 2024: for applicants (Self-Supported Students) wishing to enroll on April 1, 2024
• July, 2024: for applicants (Self-Supported Students) wishing to enroll on October 1, 2024

7. Period of Enrollment

Normally the period of enrollment for a Graduate International Research Student is six months, but applications for an extension of this period are possible. The total period as a Graduate International Research Student cannot exceed 2 years * .

* NOTE: For the Embassy Recommended Monbukagakusho (MEXT) Scholarship period, please be sure to check the APPLICATION GUIDELINES JAPANESE GOVERNMENT (MEXT) SCHOLARSHIP FOR 2024 (RESEARCH STUDENTS) published on MEXT's official website .

8. Other Important Points

• All submitted documents and your Application Fee are non-returnable.
• Admission Fee : 84,600 yen
• Tuition Fee : 173,400 yen (for 6 months)
• Graduate International Research Students are not in general eligible to purchase discount commuter passes or receive other student discounts
• The University of Tokyo has established the "The University of Tokyo Security Export Control Regulations" in accordance with Japan's "Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act", and rigorously screens prospective international students based on these regulations.　 The University assumes no responsibility for cases in which admission cannot be granted or desired research activities are restricted, such as when the regulations apply or when a Certificate of Eligibility is not issued based on the judgment of the Immigration Services Agency.　Details can be obtained from the following website: Office of Export Control (Japanese only) https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/adm/export-control/ja/rule.html

9. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

A You can apply directly for the Master's/Doctoral course for international students without first being a "kenkyusei". You can also take the general entrance exam for Master's/Doctoral course in competition with Japanese students and foreign students who reside in Japan.

A There is a scholarship called the "Support Fund for International Students' awarded by The University of Tokyo Foundation, to which International Research Students are also eligible to apply. The stipend is 50,000 yen per month, and given for one year from April or for six months from October. Typically, one student (selected from Master's Course, Doctoral Course, and International Research Student candidates) from the Graduate School of Science receives this scholarship each year. The details can be found in the following website (Japanese): https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/adm/inbound/ja/finance-scholarships-fund.html

A There are only few scholarships research students can apply for before coming to Japan. Also, most of the scholarships are for students who are enrolled in Master's and Doctoral programs rather than for research students (kenkyusei). Even international students enrolled as degree candidates find obtaining scholarships to be quite difficult. Therefore, we recommend that if required students should obtain scholarships before leaving their own country.

A Students can obtain both the application form and detailed information at the Japanese Embassy/Consulate in their own country. (The University of Tokyo does not have the application forms.) The application form and all other required supporting documents must be submitted to the Japanese Embassy/Consulate General. Further details can be found by referring to the general Application Guidelines - Japanese Government (MEXT) Scholarship for 2024 (Research Students) published by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, which can be obtained from MEXT's official website : https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/ryugaku/06032818.htm

Study in Kobe

In this Section

3-year doctoral programmes

In order to enter Degree programs, students have to take and pass the entrance examinations and an interview conducted by Kobe University. Following are the general information on eligibility, selection method, and admission information for each Graduate School.

Eligibility

Applicants must be foreign nationals who do not hold Japanese nationality and have successfully completed 16 years of school education or the equivalent. Those who are expected to graduate by March 31 of the year they are entering are also eligible. * For detailed information on each Graduate School’s eligibility requirements, please refer to each School’s website.

Selection Method

Students are selected by academic records and the result of the paper based and oral examinations conducted by each Graduate School. The types of examinations vary according to each Graduate School. * Many international students choose to enter Kobe University as a Research Student non-degree seeking student conduct research while improving their Japanese language ability for about 1 year, and then move on to a degree-seeking program after passing the entrance examination.

How to Apply

1. find your future supervisor.

Graduate Schools either do or do not require students Graduate School, but it is always better to decide the faculty member by whom you wish to be supervised, considering your own research topic. Check the information about the faculty members at Master’s Programs and Doctoral Programs and contact the faculty member directly. How to find the future academic supervisor? · Make use of our Directory of Researchers in Kobe University . ·nbsp;When contact information is not available on the website of Graduate School, contact the Student Affairs Section of relevant Graduate School .

2. Obtain Application Information and Application Forms

When to request Application information is usually available on the Graduate School website and also on the website of Japan Study Support. However in order to apply, applicants have to obtain the original application forms. Each Graduate School distributes application forms at certain period usually once a year or twice a year. Where and How to request Applicants can obtain application forms either by visiting the office of each Graduate School directly or requesting by post. When requesting by post, be sure to enclose a return envelop with the necessary stamp attached to the Student Affairs Section of respective Graduate School. * The return envelop should be a size that can enclose an A4-size Legal size without folding the forms. * Please attach the necessary amount of stamp to the return envelop. * For detailed information, please check the website of the relevant Graduate School.

When to apply Each Graduate School has certain application period usually once a year or twice a year. Where and how to apply Send the Student Affairs Section of respective Graduate School the necessary application materials by post. Must reach by the deadline, late arrival would not be considered for admission. * Students who have different educational background than that of shown on page 59 need to be pre-assessed before application. Please inquire Student Affairs Section of respective Graduate School for detailed information.

4. Take the Examination

Each Graduate School has its own examination schedule. All examinations are conducted at Kobe University. Applicants should make arrangement to come to Kobe at this time.

5. Acceptance

How to Find Out the Result In early March, applicants will receive an admission notice and other information by post if they passed the examination. Applicants who failed the examination will not receive the notice. If accepted, applicants must make the payment of admission fee by bank transfer, and submit the necessary documents.

6. Prepare for Coming to Japan

Prepare Passport and Visa (when applicants reside overseas) In order to enter Japan, international students must have a passport and a “College Student Visa”. Please refer to “Procedure for Entering Japan” for details on how to apply for the visa. Secure Accommodation There are University housings and other accommodation that students can apply for through the university, but these rooms are limited. Please use the “Kobe University Student Apartment Search System” to look for private apartment. This system has been established with Nasic National Student Information Center for Kobe University international students. Students can also use this search system to reserve an apartment from overseas. It is available in 4 languages (Japanese, English, Chinese, and Korean) and will also support students with lease agreement. For more information please refer to “Housing information”. Students can also search apartment through Kobe University Co-op Service Center after arrival in Kobe. Reserve an airplane ticket and purchase a traveler’s insurance. (Recommended but optional) (when applicants resides overseas) 

7. After Arriving in Japan

Come to Kobe University during the designated period to complete the necessary entrance procedures. Participate in New Student Orientation Classes begin Make payment of Tuition fees

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Guide to Studying PhD in Japan for International Students

Want to study for a PhD in Japan but not sure where to start? This article introduces all you need to know about PhD in Japan, from what programs are like, admission requirements, and what English PhD programs in Japan there are. 

First Published: 2021-05-17 Updated: 2024-01-12

Table of Contents

Why should you study for a PhD in Japan?

• Program Types, Durations, and Admission Requirements

PhD in Japan for International Students

Phd programs in japan in english, what is the applicable visa to study in japan, what is the cost to study for a phd in japan, are there scholarships for phds in japan.

Japanese graduate schools are called 大学院 (Daigakuin) . They consists of Master’s courses, 修士 (Shuushi Katei), to obtain a Master’s Degree, “修士号 (Shuushigo)” and PhD courses, 博士課程 (Hakushi Katei) to obtain a PhD, 博士号 (Hakushigo) . 

In this article, we will focus on PhD Programs in Japan, what they are like, and what English PhD programs are there for international students. A person who has graduated from a PhD course is called 先生 (Sensei) or 博士 (Hakase) - Dr. in Japan. 

The reasons for why you should study for a PhD in Japan are pretty much the same reasons for choosing Japan to study abroad , whether it’s for undergraduate studies, Japanese language studies, or graduate school studies. The reasons include:

• World-Ranked Universities in Japan like University of Tokyo and Kyoto University and Nagoya University that rank among the Top 100 globally.
• Japanese universities excel at research and technology. Many universities are research-intensive which makes for a great study environment, especially for post-graduate education and post-doc. 
• There are Japanese graduate schools offering English PhD programs. Many universities offer Japanese classes (in many cases mandatory, but higher levels optional) to help international students integrate into life in Japan. 
• Scholarships for international students, including for PhD courses.
• Helpful if you are planning to continue working in Japan after completing your PhD. Also good for career prospects outside Japan.
• Endless opportunities to expose yourself to Japanese culture and tradition. There’s no better way to learn about Japan than being at the source. On weekends and holidays, take the chance to explore. 

Are you convinced to study for a PhD in Japan yet? From hereon, we will introduce in detail PhD programs in Japan. 

What are PhD Programs in Japan like? 

The doctoral program, better known as PhD, is the highest level of education to exist. A PhD is an advanced degree earned in various fields after successfully completing a research thesis. An individual can generally opt to study for a PhD after completion of a Master’s program. 

In Japan, PhD is called 博士号 (Hakushigo) . PhD stands for “Doctor of Philosophy”, and graduates are bestowed the title of “Doctor (Dr.)”. In Japan, Doctor (Dr.) is called 博士 (Hakase), though most people go by 先生 (Sensei) . 

Program Types, Their Durations, and Admission Requirements

The duration of a PhD program depends on your choice of subject and research thesis. Typically, a PhD program takes around 5 years to complete for those who graduated from a 4 years long undergraduate program. Specialized fields like medical, veterinary, pharmaceutical and dental have 6 years long Bachelor’s degree programs and no Master’s program, and therefore their PhD programs are 4 years long. 

In Japan, PhD programs are commonly split into 2 phases. Depending on their highest level of education (Master’s or Bachelor’s), students have an option of starting from the first phase or skipping to the second phase. 

First Phase is called First Half of a PhD Program (2 Years)

Called 博士前期課程 (Hakushi Zenki Katei) , the first phase’s curriculum includes studies to obtain a Master’s degree , which is a prerequisite requirement for most PhD programs. The first phase is a 2 Years long program.

According to JASSO , one of the following admission requirements must be satisfied to be eligible to join this program:

• Graduates from 4 Years long university program (Japanese university)
• Graduates with Bachelor’s degree from at least 3 Years long foreign university program; 5 Years for medical, dental, pharmaceutical or veterinary 
• Graduates of Bachelor’s degree from the National Institution for Academic Degrees and Quality Enhancement of Higher Education
• Graduates from National Defense Academy of Japan, Japan Coast Guard Academy, Meteorological College, or any ministry or agency established academy or college
• Graduates from international schools in Japan that are officially recognised as being equivalent to an overseas university
• Those who have completed specialized coursework at designated vocational schools
• Those who have completed 16 Years of formal study in their home country; 18 Years for medical, dental, pharmaceutical or veterinary 
• Those who have completed 16 Years of formal study in Japan via online curriculum offered by an overseas institution; 18 Years for medical, dental, pharmaceutical or veterinary 
• Those who have completed studies at school under Japan’s old education system
• Those aged above 22 who are admitted based on individual admission qualification selection

Second Phase is called Second Half of a PhD Program

Master’s degree holders can skip the first phase to join the second phase. Called 博士後期課程 (Hakushi Kouki Katei) , the second phase is typically 3 Years long , but 4 Years for medical, veterinary, pharmaceutical and dental fields. 

• Graduates with a Master’s, professional degree, or equivalent foreign degree
• Graduates with a Master’s or professional degree from an overseas institution done via online curriculum while living in Japan
• Graduates with degrees equivalent to a Master’s or professional degree from international schools in Japan recognised as being equivalent to an overseas graduate school
• Graduates with Bachelor’s or equivalent degree who have completed minimum 2 Years research at university or research facility having the same academic prowess as a Master’s degree holder
• Those with a degree equivalent to a Master’s degree from United Nations University 
• Those aged 24 or above who are admitted based on individual admission qualification selection

Most graduate school programs in Japan are taught entirely in Japanese. For international students seeking to join these programs, demonstration of a high level of Japanese proficiency, at least N1, is required. This is to ensure that you are able to understand the curriculum in order to complete the course. 

Fortunately, with the increasing number of international students in Japan, many universities have started internationalizing their programs with English-taught courses , including for PhD. There are programs taught mostly in English with supplementary Japanese, as well as programs taught completely in English. 

For English-taught PhD programs, students may be asked to demonstrate their English language proficiency with English proficiency certifications like IELTS, TOEFL, or TOEIC. This requirement may be exempt for individuals whose undergraduate or Master’s degree shows high mastery in English.

Different universities offer PhD programs in different fields of study, so you will need to do a thorough search to find one that matches your interest. JASSO’s Search for Schools tool is incredibly helpful for this. You can search for educational institutions that accept international students by degree (undergraduate, Master’s, PhD), school type (public, national, private), school location, field of study, medium of instruction, etc. 

To further help you, we have curated a list of 6 PhD programs in Japan which are popular, along with the names of universities offering these programs. 

Visa, Tuition Fees and Scholarships for PhD in Japan

The applicable status of residence for international students in Japan is 留学 (Ryuugaku), aka “Study Abroad”. 

Coming from Overseas

If you are coming from overseas to study for a PhD in Japan, you will need to apply for a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) through your university in order to obtain a Visa to enter the country. Upon entering Japan, you will be bestowed a status of residence and a residence card, which acts as your identity card.

Read more about Japan Visa, Status of Residence, and Residence Card here .

Existing Resident in Japan

If you are an existing resident in Japan, you will not need a Visa or a Certificate of Eligibility, which are required for first entry into Japan. 

If you are already an international student in Japan, and planning to advance your studies to Master’s or PhD, then you may need to apply for “Extension of Period of Stay”, which can be done easily online now. Learn how to do it step by step here .

If you are a resident in Japan, but on a different type of status of residence, say the most common “Engineer / Specialist in Humanities / International Services” or some other type of work visa, then you will need to apply for a “Change of Status of Residence”. This can also be done online now with a My Number Card and IC card reader. 

In Japan, universities and graduate schools can be divided into 3 types of institutions - national, public and private. The admission and tuition fees for each type of institution is different with national schools having the lowest cost. 

In Japan, the first year’s cost for university and graduate schools is higher than the subsequent years. This is because applicants need to pay an admission fee in addition to the year’s tuition fee. 

The first year, aka admission year, cost for PhD that consists of that year’s tuition fee and an admission fee is:

• Approx. 820,000 Yen for National Institution
• Approx. 900,000 Yen for Public Institution
• Approx. 850,000 Yen (medical studies) or 1,100,000 Yen (non-medical studies for Private Institutions

Tuition fees will vary between universities so be sure to check the particulars when applying. 

【Helpful Reading】

• For differences between national, public and private universities in Japan.
• For the cost breakdown of studying abroad in Japan, including tuition fees and living costs.

Yes, there are scholarships for PhDs in Japan. According to JASSO , there are altogether 119 PhD program scholarships for international students for 2023 - 2024. Among the 119, 12 are available to apply before coming to Japan, and the remaining 107 can only be applied for after coming to Japan. 

Read more about Japanese scholarships and how to apply for them here . 

Education plays a crucial role in personal, social, and economic development. Achieving a PhD is sure to improve your confidence, greatly enhance your knowledge, and will make some higher level jobs available to you. After obtaining a PhD, many people choose to continue their research in universities or research centers as post-doc researchers. There are also many other consultation jobs available that requires your expertise. 

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PhD in Japan

Himeji University

Phd ( nursing ).

Hokkai Gakuen University

Phd ( political science ).

• Political Science
• Electronics and Information Engineering

Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing

Meiji Pharmaceutical University

Phd ( pharmacy and health sciences ).

• Pharmacy and Health Sciences

Rakuno Gakuen University

Phd ( veterinary medicine ).

• Veterinary Medicine

Kyushu University

Phd ( history and geography ).

• History and Geography

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University

Phd ( biophysics of cellular membranes ).

• Biophysics of Cellular Membranes
• Atomic Physics for Quantum Technologies

Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

Phd ( animal science and agriculture ).

• Animal Science and Agriculture
• Veterinary Science

Why Study PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Japan

1. High-Quality Education: Japan is known for its excellent education system and is home to several prestigious universities with world-renowned faculties. Pursuing a PhD in Japan gives you the opportunity to learn from experts in your field and gain cutting-edge knowledge and skills.

2. Research Opportunities: Japan is a hub for innovation and research in various fields. Whether it's technology, engineering, medicine, social sciences, or arts, you'll find ample opportunities to conduct in-depth research in your area of interest.

3. State-of-the-Art Facilities: Japanese universities and research institutes often have state-of-the-art facilities and well-equipped laboratories, providing you with the necessary resources to carry out advanced research.

4. International Environment: Many Japanese universities actively encourage internationalization and have a diverse community of students and researchers from around the world. This exposure to different cultures and perspectives can enhance your academic experience and broaden your horizons.

5. Support for International Students: Japanese institutions typically offer support services tailored to the needs of international students, including language classes, counseling, and cultural integration programs. This can help ease the transition and make your stay more comfortable.

6. Financial Support: Some universities and government organizations in Japan offer scholarships and funding opportunities for international PhD students, making it more affordable to pursue your research ambitions.

7. Networking Opportunities: Engaging with professors, fellow researchers, and industry professionals in Japan can open up valuable networking opportunities, which may benefit your academic and professional career in the long run.

8. Cultural Experience: Japan's unique culture and history can provide a rich and unforgettable experience outside of your academic pursuits. Living in Japan allows you to immerse yourself in a society that combines tradition and modernity in fascinating ways.

9. Employment Prospects: Completing a PhD in Japan can make you more attractive to employers in both academia and industry. Japanese degrees are highly regarded worldwide, and the international experience can be an asset in the global job market.

10. Personal Growth: Living and studying in a foreign country can be a transformative experience, fostering independence, adaptability, and resilience. It challenges you to step out of your comfort zone and develop a broader perspective on the world.

PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Specializations in Japan

Admission intake for phd (doctor of philosophy) in japan.

1. Application Period: The application period for PhD programs in Japan often starts in the fall of the previous year, around August or September, and extends until early in the following year, typically around January or February. It's essential to check the specific application deadlines for each university and program you are interested in.

2. Entrance Examinations: Many Japanese universities require candidates to take entrance examinations as part of the admission process. These exams may include written tests, interviews, and/or presentations, depending on the program and field of study.

3. Language Proficiency: Since most PhD programs in Japan are taught in Japanese, international students may be required to demonstrate proficiency in the Japanese language. Some universities may also offer PhD programs in English, especially in fields related to international studies or natural sciences.

4. Research Proposal: Applicants are often required to submit a research proposal outlining their intended research topic and objectives for the PhD program.

5. Letters of Recommendation: Candidates may need to provide letters of recommendation from academic or professional references who can attest to their qualifications and potential for doctoral research.

6. Academic Transcripts and Degree Certificates: Applicants must submit their academic transcripts and degree certificates as evidence of their previous qualifications.

7. Interviews: Shortlisted candidates may be called for interviews to discuss their research proposal and motivation for pursuing a PhD.

8. Final Selection: After evaluating the applications, entrance examinations, interviews, and other requirements, the university's admissions committee will make the final selection of candidates for the PhD program.

9. Enrollment: Successful candidates will receive an admission offer and will need to complete the enrollment process to begin their PhD studies in Japan.

Top 10 Universities in Japan for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)

Tuition fees for phd (doctor of philosophy) in japan.

For international students:

• Tuition fees for international students in Japan can range from approximately 500,000 to 2,500,000 Japanese yen per year.
• Prestigious universities and specialized programs may have higher tuition fees.

For domestic students:

• Domestic students in Japan usually pay lower tuition fees compared to international students.
• The tuition fees for domestic students can vary between approximately 200,000 to 1,000,000 Japanese yen per year.

Cost of Studying PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Japan

Eligibility for doing phd (doctor of philosophy) in japan.

1. Master's Degree or Equivalent: To be eligible for a PhD program in Japan, you typically need to have completed a master's degree or its equivalent in a relevant field of study. Some universities may accept candidates with exceptional academic backgrounds directly from a bachelor's degree program, but this is less common.

2. Academic Excellence: PhD programs in Japan are highly competitive, and candidates are expected to have a strong academic record. Good grades and relevant research experience are often preferred.

3. Research Proposal: Most universities require applicants to submit a research proposal outlining their intended research topic and objectives for the PhD program. This proposal should demonstrate a clear understanding of the research area and the potential contributions to the field.

4. Language Proficiency: Since many PhD programs in Japan are conducted in Japanese, international students may need to demonstrate proficiency in the Japanese language. Some universities also offer PhD programs in English, especially in fields related to international studies or natural sciences.

5. Letters of Recommendation: Applicants are usually required to provide letters of recommendation from academic or professional references who can attest to their qualifications and potential for doctoral research.

6. Entrance Examinations: Many Japanese universities require candidates to take entrance examinations as part of the admission process. These exams may include written tests, interviews, and/or presentations, depending on the program and field of study.

7. Funding: It's essential to ensure that you have sufficient funding to support yourself during your PhD studies in Japan. Some universities may require proof of financial support as part of the application process.

8. Visa Requirements: International students will need to obtain a student visa to study in Japan. The specific visa requirements and application process vary based on your nationality.

Documents Required for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Japan

1. Academic Transcripts: Official transcripts of your academic records, including grades and courses taken during your previous undergraduate and graduate studies.

2. Degree Certificates: Official certificates or diplomas proving that you have obtained a bachelor's and/or master's degree from an accredited institution.

3. Curriculum Vitae (CV) or Resume: A comprehensive document highlighting your educational background, work experience, research projects, publications (if any), and any other relevant accomplishments.

4. Research Proposal: A detailed research proposal outlining your intended research topic, objectives, methodology, and potential contributions to the field of study.

5. Letters of Recommendation: Typically, two or three letters of recommendation from academic or professional references who can speak about your academic abilities, research potential, and suitability for the PhD program.

6. Statement of Purpose (SOP): A written statement explaining your motivation for pursuing a PhD, your research interests, and why you are interested in studying at the specific university.

7. Language Proficiency Test Results: If the PhD program is conducted in Japanese, you may need to provide proof of your Japanese language proficiency, such as results from the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT). For programs conducted in English, English language proficiency tests like TOEFL or IELTS may be required for non-native English speakers.

8. Entrance Examination Results: Some universities may require candidates to take entrance examinations, and the results may be included as part of the application.

9. Passport-sized Photographs: Several passport-sized photographs may be required for identification purposes.

10. Financial Documentation: For international students, some universities may ask for proof of financial ability to cover tuition fees and living expenses during the course of the PhD program.

Scholarships for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Japan

1. MEXT Scholarship (Monbukagakusho Scholarship): Offered by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), this scholarship provides financial support for international students at various levels, including doctoral programs. It covers tuition fees, a monthly stipend, and travel expenses. The scholarship is highly competitive and is available for students from designated countries.

2. JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists: This scholarship is provided by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and supports young researchers from overseas to conduct research activities at Japanese universities or research institutions. It includes a monthly stipend and research support.

3. Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho) Honors Scholarship for Privately-Financed International Students: This scholarship is for privately-financed international students already studying in Japan at the master's or doctoral level. It provides financial support to continue their studies.

4. Asian Development Bank-Japan Scholarship Program (ADB-JSP): Administered by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), this scholarship supports students from ADB member countries pursuing postgraduate studies, including PhD programs, in various fields at participating Japanese universities.

5. University-specific Scholarships: Many Japanese universities offer their own scholarships or financial aid programs for international students pursuing PhD programs. These scholarships may be based on academic merit, research potential, or specific fields of study.

6. Private Foundations and Organizations: There are numerous private foundations and organizations in Japan that provide scholarships and grants for international students pursuing doctoral studies in specific fields.

Jobs and Salary after PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Japan

1. Academic Career: Many PhD graduates choose to pursue academic careers as university professors, researchers, or postdoctoral researchers. In Japan, university faculty members often receive a competitive salary, which can range from ¥6,000,000 to ¥10,000,000 or more per year, depending on the level and institution.

2. Researcher/Scientist in Industry: PhD holders can work as researchers or scientists in industries related to their field of expertise. The salary in the private sector varies depending on the company, sector, and position, but it can be comparable to academic salaries or even higher, with the potential for bonuses and benefits.

3. Government Research Institutions: Many Japanese government agencies and research institutions hire PhD graduates to conduct research and contribute to various projects. Salaries in these institutions are generally competitive and can be influenced by the level of responsibility and experience.

4. Entrepreneurship and Startups: Some PhD graduates may choose to start their own businesses or join startups in fields related to their research area. The salary in such cases can be variable, depending on the success and profitability of the venture.

5. Consulting: PhD holders with specialized knowledge and expertise may work as consultants for companies or organizations, providing insights and solutions to specific problems. Consulting fees can vary depending on the project and the consultant's reputation.

6. Government and Policy Jobs: Graduates with expertise in social sciences, public policy, or international relations may find opportunities in government agencies or international organizations. Salaries in these sectors can be competitive and often come with additional benefits.

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The number of doctoral students in Japan is now almost half of what it was 17 years ago

If you want to get ahead in the world, everyone says you should go to college and get a bachelor’s degree. That’s true in Japan, where it’s generally a requirement for getting any decent salaried position. But though there’s always the option to pursue a higher level of education with a master’s or a PhD, in Japan, they don’t have the same appeal.

In fact, the number of doctoral students in Japan has been steadily decreasing since it hit its peak in 2003. This is worrisome for Japan’s science industries, as graduate university students are thought to be the lifeblood of scientific research and development in Japan, and provide the core work force at the country’s science industries, including their world-famous chemical companies, which are among some of the richest in the country.

According to the Japanese Ministry of Education, the number of PhD graduates was 11,637 in 2003, but has since decreased by almost half, to just 5,963 this year. Since 2003 was 17 years ago, you might think the decrease in doctoral graduates is due to the country’s continually declining birth rate, but in fact the statistics say otherwise. The number of doctoral graduates per one million citizens has also decreased; in 2017, it was 119, compared to 131 in 2008.

Compare that to the U.S., Germany and South Korea, which all increased their number of graduates per one million citizens since 2008. These numbers are bleak for Japan, whose science industries form the backbone of their economy. But what could be causing this decline in interest in pursuing the sciences to a higher academic level? Experts in the science and academic industries say it’s because the costs of getting a PhD outweigh the benefits in Japan.

Akira Yoshino, Nobel Prize Winner in Chemistry, pointed out that it’s because PhD candidates are concerned about their employment prospects once they graduate. Yoshino says that, though having a doctorate provides a leg-up in finding employment in most other countries, there are no such considerations in Japan.

“I think that there should be recognition of the achievement of a PhD, as well as preferential treatment and pay for doctoral graduates,” he added. He also suggested that young people these days are not able to devote themselves to long-term research. “Academic research is a search for the truth, or is based on something the researcher has a deep curiosity about that they can single-mindedly pursue. It’s absolutely important to have one mission to focus on. Along those lines, I believe that it’s very important to cultivate an environment in Japan where someone can settle down to research something for 10 years or more, and feel secure about it.”

Yoshino himself started studying lithium-ion batteries when was 33 years old, and devoted all his energy to researching that single topic for nearly 40 years. His hard work paid off when he earned the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2019 for his impactful work on lithium-ion batteries.

Hirotaka Sakaue, associate professor of Aerospace Mechanical Engineering at Notre Dame University, agrees that having a doctorate amounts to little in the eyes of Japanese companies. Sakaue attained his PhD at Purdue University in the United States, but when he tried to find work in Japan, all of the jobs available based their pay on age rather than achievement, and the experience he gained through his PhD courses wasn’t even considered.

“In America, once you have a PhD, your annual salary changes greatly,” he said. “In my field of aerospace mechanical engineering, getting a PhD in Japan has no effect on your pay and so doesn’t have any appeal.”

What’s more, many U.S. doctorate programs in the sciences provide a stipend to their students, but Japanese universities offer no such benefits. “Since they’d have to work while studying for three years, I’m not sure many master’s students see any reason to get a PhD,” Sakaue said. He believes that a revision of the compensation system and the fostering of an environment that makes it easy for students to continue their post-graduate degrees is essential to raising the numbers again.

This problem serves as yet another example of much-needed workplace reform in Japan. The emphasis on seniority, rather than actual experience or qualifications, is a problem in many industries and for many workers, not only PhD candidates but also foreign workers and other employees with specialized qualifications.

Given that having a PhD has merit when applying for permanent residency in Japan, it’s probably not a matter of society viewing the degree as worthless, so hopefully more companies can change their tune and begin to actively work to promote advanced education in science.

Source:  NHK News  via  Hachima Kiko

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17 Comments Login to comment

gogogo Oct. 13, 2020 07:58 am JST

Because most universities only have one PhD intake a year which has a selection progress and then they only take about 5-10 students

rgcivilian1 Oct. 13, 2020 08:56 am JST

Why bother when compared to the rest of the world they just take the doctoral's degree and make a better high paying salary job.

BackpackingNepal Oct. 13, 2020 09:04 am JST

If they're Not doing those Phd for just themselves, then it's good, otherwise rather employ a person who is determine and interested to do for the whole by giving some training.

kohakuebisu Oct. 13, 2020 09:42 am JST

I suspect that this is because companies do not want or want to pay overly clever young employees. Any extra education is feared more than respected.

The number of ryugakusei, Japanese studying abroad, has also greatly fallen, regardless of any talk of internationalization and globalization.

Some of this is due to demographics, a simple fall in the number of young people. Compared to 17 years ago, there will be millions fewer people in their twenties.

kyushubill Oct. 13, 2020 10:24 am JST

Unless they will be teaching in a university as a tenured professor then there is little need today for a PhD. The face of degree need has changed drastically since the 2010s. With AI and technology advance there is now little need for a high number of STEM advanced degrees as well. If the students want a career most employment recruiters are calling for medical and trades.

virusrex Oct. 13, 2020 10:46 am JST

There are two very important reasons for this.

1.- There is no jobs in academia, if a department have a single postgraduate student a year, but it takes 10 years to have a vacancy it still means they are preparing 9 PhD graduates more than what they are going to take in a permanent position. The rest are to search for a job elsewhere, but since this is a generalized situation there are simply no jobs anywhere. So graduates are to look to a series of temporary positions until they leave for a job in a company where their degree is not even wanted.

2.- Research gets mostly short grants that require immediate results. For the principal investigators this is not so bad, they get to publish sooner or later with anything useful any of their students or postdocs manage to produce in that time, but for the students and researchers hired for a specific program there is a very good chance their efforts will not be reflected in a published paper. Something requiring 4-5 years of work has to be done with a budget that last only 1 or 2. For a doctoral graduate this means 1 or 2 years of their CV not justified with a paper, which means he will not be hired anywhere else.

As a consequence the people that are successful are either the 5% that is above the rest and can secure a permanent job or those that already could get it without the PhD (like medical doctors that do a postgraduate course). In any case there is no incentive for students to enter a doctoral course, well rewarded and fulfilling alternatives are much easier to complete. The loss is mainly to Japanese science, to the advantage of many foreign companies and institutes.

It's sad seeing how people still hope to get a lot of Nobel prizes every year

timeon Oct. 13, 2020 01:12 pm JST

One of the biggest problems is the money. Japan is one of the few countries that doesn't pay for Ph.D., moreover the students have to pay tuition by themselves. There are few scholarships (most notably the JSPS DC), and mostly low- or no-interest loans. Combined with the lack of a clear advantage in job hunting for a PhD, and insecurity in academic positions, the program becomes less and less attractive. The typical age bracket is 24-27 years old, and peer pressure and often parents pressure* forces sometimes even academic types into finding a job after master.

*I remember a guy (at Todai!) whose father was adamant against him going to Ph.D. in science. The father even said that Ph.D.s are "society garbage"（社会のくず）and he was a medical doctor! The guy was stubborn though, and went to US for a Ph.D.; he is struggling now, 3rd year into postdoc in Japan.

Mocheake Oct. 13, 2020 02:11 pm JST

All you're going to get for your B.D is bs. You'll be overworked, undervalued, underpaid and stressed out anyway so why bother.

timeon Oct. 13, 2020 02:43 pm JST

Mocheake, you talk about B.D. or Ph.D. (the topic here)? And you talk from experience?

I got a Ph.D. in science from a Japanese university, and my career to date was good. Of course, it could be better, and it could be worse, but overall I am happy I made that choice

quercetum Oct. 13, 2020 04:13 pm JST

If you're a PhD student who speaks English in Japan, be careful your professor will expect you to check his English if not write or translate his papers, slideshows and presentations.

sakurasuki Oct. 13, 2020 07:19 pm JST

Especially in Japan, your previous background when entering company almost doesn't matter since many Japanese company will train anyone including those PhD graduate as other graduates.

There is no jobs in academia, if a department have a single postgraduate student a year, but it takes 10 years to have a vacancy it still means they are preparing 9 PhD graduates more than what they are going to take in a permanent position

Especially when the number of local students is declining so no new opening position except to replace those who retires. Also having new universities in Japan chance are really small .

https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20180406110416788

dbgt Oct. 13, 2020 08:29 pm JST

2 years ago i got my PhD from one of the top universities in Japan. Looking back, it was kind of worthless academically speaking.... I got very little and poor laboratory training.... so I didnt got a lot of skills out of my PhD....

Overall i dont regret it, because living in Japan for 4 years was fantastic as a life experience, I really enjoyed my time there and miss the country a lot.

Sven Asai Oct. 13, 2020 11:17 pm JST

Intentionally forced shrinking of population and economy includes shrinking of the number of PhD. You don’t even need any degree to understand that, do you?

kurisupisu Oct. 15, 2020 09:34 pm JST

Japan’s standing is on a slippery slope.

China will soon dominate Asia in the majority of fields and as their products surpass all others, Japan will become a footnote in the annals of history...

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Ph.D. in Japanese Literature and Culture

The Ph.D. program is designed to prepare students for a doctoral degree in Japanese literature and culture.

Students should consult the most up-to-date version of the degree plan on the  Stanford Bulletin  as well as the  EALC Graduate Handbook . Each student should meet with their faculty advisor at least once per quarter to discuss the degree requirements and their progress.

Admission to Candidacy

Candidacy is the most important University milestone on the way to the Ph.D. degree. Admission to candidacy rests both on the fulfillment of department requirements and on an assessment by department faculty that the student has the potential to successfully complete the Ph.D.

Following University policy ( GAP 4.6.1 ), students are expected to complete the candidacy requirements by Spring Quarter of the second year of graduate study.

Pre-Candidacy Requirements

Demonstrate proficiency in modern and classical Japanese by completing the following courses or demonstrating equivalent linguistic attainment by passing the appropriate certifying examinations.

• JAPANLNG 213 - Fourth-Year Japanese, Third Quarter (2-4 units)
• JAPAN 264 - Introduction to Premodern Japanese (3-5 units)
• JAPAN 265 - Readings in Premodern Japanese (2-5 units)
• EALC 201 - Proseminar in East Asian Humanities I: Skills and Methodologies (3 units)
• EALC 202 - Proseminar in East Asian Humanities II: Current Scholarship (1 unit)

Complete eight advisor-approved courses numbered above 200 from among the offerings of the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures. At least four of these eight courses must be advanced seminars numbered above 300. At least one of these eight courses must deal with Japanese linguistics. For students focusing on modern literature, at least two of these eight courses must deal with premodern material. For students focusing on premodern literature, at least two of the eight courses must deal with modern material.

Complete two upper-division or graduate-level courses in two supporting fields for a total of four courses outside of Japanese literature or linguistics. Supporting fields, to be determined in consultation with the student’s primary advisor, may include Japanese anthropology, art, art history, history, philosophy, political science, religious studies, Chinese literature, Korean literature, comparative literature, etc.

All Doctoral students must complete an MA qualifying paper. An MA thesis is accepted instead of a qualifying paper for students initially admitted as EALC MA students. Students seeking an MA en route to the PhD must secure approval from the primary advisor and submit an MA thesis.

A graded MA qualifying paper or thesis must be submitted to the DGS and SSO with an accompanying note from the student’s primary advisor by week five of spring quarter of the second year of study for the annual review and candidacy decision.

During the quarter when students complete the MA qualifying paper or thesis (25-30 pages), they must enroll in  EALC 299 .

Teaching Requirement

• DLCL 301 - The Learning and Teaching of Second Languages (3 units)

Demonstrate pedagogical proficiency by serving as a teaching assistant for at least three quarters, starting no later than autumn quarter of the third year of graduate study. The department may approve exceptions to the timing of the language teaching requirement.

Post-Candidacy Requirements

Demonstrate proficiency in at least one supporting language to be chosen in consultation with the primary advisor according to the candidate’s specific research goals. Students concentrating on classical Japanese literature usually are expected to fulfill the supporting language requirement by completing  kanbun , JAPAN 265 - Readings in Premodern Japanese (2-5 units). For the supporting language, students must be proficient at the second-year level, at the minimum; a higher level of proficiency may be required depending on the advisor’s recommendation. Reading proficiency must be certified through a written examination or an appropriate amount of coursework to be determined on a case-by-case basis. When deemed necessary by the student’s advisor(s), working knowledge of an additional supporting language may also be required.

Pass a comprehensive qualifying examination that tests the candidate’s breadth and depth in the primary field of research and methodological competence in the relevant discipline before advancing to Terminal Graduate Registration (TGR) status.

Students should submit a dissertation prospectus before advancing to Terminal Graduate Registration (TGR) status. The prospectus should comprehensively describe the dissertation project and include sections on the project rationale, key research questions, contribution to the dissertation’s field, literature review, chapter-by-chapter description, a projected timeline, and bibliography.

Pass the University Oral Examination (dissertation defense). General regulations governing the oral examination are found in Graduate Academic Policies and Procedures ( GAP 4.7.1 ). The candidate is examined on questions related to the dissertation after acceptable parts have been completed in draft form.

Following university policy ( GAP 4.8.1 ), submit a dissertation demonstrating the ability to undertake original research based on primary and secondary materials in Japanese.

Japanese Literature and Culture Ph.D. students must complete a Qualifying Paper by week 5 of spring quarter of the second year as part of the Candidacy evaluation process. The Qualifying Paper should be 25-30 pages in length not including bibliography and must demonstrate the ability to develop and carry out an original research project using primary and secondary materials in Japanese. The Qualifying Paper can be an extension of a seminar paper, but its topic should be discussed with the student’s primary advisor prior to writing.

The Dissertation Prospectus Defense constitutes the first step toward faculty approval for the student’s proposed dissertation project and should be completed before the student begins to apply for external funding to conduct doctoral research in Japan – typically by Spring quarter of the third year, but sometimes in Spring or Summer quarter of the second year if the student’s research agenda is already well defined by that time. The defense is a two-hour oral exam conducted by the student’s dissertation reading committee (minimum of three faculty members, including the primary advisor). The prospectus, 12-15 pages not including bibliography, must be submitted to committee members at least two weeks prior to the defense.

The Comprehensive Exam is a two-hour oral exam on Japanese literature with three examiners. The reading list (maximum 150 titles) must be approved by them at least one quarter in advance. The list must include primary texts in Japanese literature as well as core texts in methodology; students may also add a subfield and a fourth examiner if deemed necessary by their primary advisor for their research and credentialing. To pass the exam students must demonstrate competency in literary history and critical issues for the field of Japanese literary studies, selected methodologies, and key issues in any subfield. The Comprehensive Exam must be completed by the end of the fourth year.

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• PhD Program in Japanese

The PhD in Asian Languages and Civilizations at the University of Colorado offers specializations in Chinese or Japanese with concentrations in literary and/or cultural studies of either the pre-modern or modern periods. The program consists of:

• course work
• a Comprehensive Examination consisting of a written and an oral component
• a doctoral dissertation
• an oral defense of the doctoral dissertation.

The following guidelines represent the PhD procedures specific to our department; they are not intended to replace or supersede the University of Colorado at Boulder Catalog nor any other official document issued by the Graduate School. See in particular the  Graduate School Rules .

Course Work

The PhD requires a minimum of 45 credit hours in graduate courses numbered 5000 or above in Japanese and may include a focus in a related field (such as History, Religious Studies, Philosophy, Sociology, Art History, Film Studies, etc.). Students who have completed an MA degree may be able to apply up to 21 hours toward this requirement.

The required 45 credit hours of coursework must be passed with a grade of B or better. If a student receives a grade of B- (or a lesser grade), the course in question will not count toward the total number of credits required to graduate. Upon receiving more than one B- (or lesser grade), a student will normally be dropped from the graduate program.  In order to ensure that special circumstances are taken into account, the department Graduate Committee will review each such case and recommend appropriate action to the department chair.

In addition to superior language skills in English as well as in the classical/literary and modern form of the language, a reading knowledge of one additional language is required (typically one additional Asian language or one European language), to be decided in consultation with the main advisor.

This ability may be determined by completing a college level intermediate course (typically fourth semester) in the language with a grade of B or better (either at CU or prior to arrival on campus); passing with the current minimum acceptable score an appropriate foreign language test; or passing a test of reading knowledge set by appropriate faculty.

New PhD students will select the courses they take during their first year of study in consultation with the Graduate Director of the program. By the end of their second semester, students are required to choose their major advisor, with whom they will plan their program of study thereafter. Normally this faculty member becomes the Chair of the Comprehensive Examination Committee as well as of the Dissertation Committee.

Comprehensive Examination

Before admission to candidacy for the doctoral degree, students must pass a comprehensive examination. The comprehensive exam will cover three fields—the chosen field of concentration and two related fields—to be decided in consultation with the student’s Comprehensive Examination Committee.  

The examination is conducted by an examining board appointed by the chair of the department and approved by the Dean of the Graduate School. The board shall consist of the major advisor and additional members as necessary to a minimum of five (one of whom must come from outside the department or from outside the program).

Working in consultation with the Chair (usually this will be the student’s major advisor) and other members of the Comprehensive Examination Committee, the student will formulate a dissertation topic and prepare a reading list of primary texts pertaining to that topic, and a further list of secondary materials composed of critical and theoretical texts intended to inform the student’s approach to the dissertation topic. The reading lists will be circulated to the Comprehensive Examination Committee two weeks before the written exam.

The examination itself consists of a take-home written exam in three fields (the chosen field of concentration and two related fields) followed by an oral examination lasting about 90 minutes that concentrates on the written exam, but may also address texts and topics on the reading lists that are not covered in the written exam.

For the written exam, the student will be given three groups of two or three questions in each field. Usually, the Chair of the Comprehensive Examination Committee will set questions in the student’s chosen field of concentration; the questions for the two related fields are each set by a committee member. The questions for each group will be emailed to the student by the Graduate Program Assistant or the Chair of the Comprehensive Examination Committee, usually in intervals of three weeks. Each time, the student will choose one question from the group and return the response to the committee members within two weeks. What form the response is going to take is decided by the Chair of the committee. Typically, the response will be a scholarly paper of 15 to 30 pages.

The oral examination will cover the student’s broad area of concentration. It takes place within two weeks after the third response is submitted. Students are expected to demonstrate familiarity with primary and secondary sources as well as related issues such as social and historical context, and current theoretical trends in the field. The Comprehensive Examination is only open to the members of the Examination Committee.

The student is responsible for notifying the Graduate Program Assistant of the date of the oral examination to reserve a room.  The Exam Form  should be submitted to the Graduate Program Assistant as soon as the date is confirmed.

Upon successful completion of the Comprehensive Examination, students should fill out the  Candidacy Application for an Advanced Degree .

Dissertation Hours

A minimum of 30 hours of doctoral dissertation credit with no more than 10 of these hours in any one semester are required. Students must be enrolled in a minimum of 5 dissertation hours per semester after passing the comprehensive exam and extending through the semester in which they defend their dissertation.

Dissertation Director and Committee

Students form the Dissertation Committee in consultation with the major advisor. The committee consists of the Dissertation Director (usually this will be the student’s major advisor) and four other graduate faculty members (one of whom must come from outside the department or from outside the program).

Dissertation Prospectus

The dissertation prospectus will be submitted within a month after the Comprehensive Examination, to be followed by its defense a week later.

The dissertation prospectus should provide a clear written outline of the dissertation, including: the major theme or themes of the dissertation; a clearly expressed thesis or argument about the topic itself; an overview of relevant secondary literature; a chapter-by-chapter outline; a timeline for its completion; an extensive bibliography. Students are expected to demonstrate familiarity with their field, a thorough knowledge of primary and secondary sources, current trends in scholarship, and a clearly articulated sense of their contributions to the field. The prospectus should be roughly 4,000–5,000 words long, plus bibliography, and will be circulated to the Dissertation Committee; the Dissertation Committee will decide if a prospectus is acceptable. The prospectus defense will take place with the members of the Dissertation Committee. The defense lasts approximately an hour. If the prospectus is approved, the student begins to write the dissertation.

Dissertation

The PhD dissertation must be based upon original research and demonstrate mature scholarship and critical judgment as well as familiarity with the tools and methods of research. It should be a worthwhile contribution to knowledge in the student’s special field. The dissertation is written in close consultation with the Director and Dissertation Committee.

The dissertation must meet the format requirements of the Graduate School. Students should consult the University Catalog and confer with the Graduate School for specifications and deadlines.

Dissertation Defense

The dissertation defense—an oral examination and discussion lasting about 90 minutes—should take place in the spring semester of the fifth year. The student should schedule the defense before the start of the spring semester. Copies of the dissertation should be delivered to the committee members at least one month prior to the defense date.  The Exam Form  should be submitted to the Graduate Program Assistant as soon as the date is confirmed. A satisfactory vote from at least four committee members is required to pass the defense. The Final Examination is open to anyone who wishes to attend.

Typical Timeline

• Semester 1:   3 seminars
• Semester 2: 3 seminars
• Semester 3: 3 seminars
• Semester 4: 3 seminars
• Semester 5: 2 seminars; 5 hours of Dissertation Guidance; ​preparation of Comprehensive Exam
• Semester 6: 1 seminar; 5 hours of Dissertation Guidance; ​Comprehensive Exam; Submission of Dissertation Prospectus
• Semester 7: at least 5 hours of Dissertation Guidance
• Semester 8: at least 5 hours of Dissertation Guidance
• Semester 9: at least 5 hours of Dissertation Guidance
• Semester 10: at least 5 hours of Dissertation Guidance; Submission and Oral Defense of Dissertation
• MA Program in Japanese
• Japanese Alumni Stories
• Graduate Student Conference

Studying in Japan: an introduction

While not a traditional study-abroad destination, Japan provides a unique and rewarding academic experience – with many universities now offering courses in English

Abdullah Kaan Aygun

• More on this topic

Japan is a nation renowned for its technological prowess and rich cultural heritage. While not an obvious study-abroad destination, Japan offers a unique and rewarding experience for students seeking a well-rounded education.

Studying in Japan: a guide to higher education institutions

Japan has a diverse range of higher education institutions:

Universities: These cater to a broad spectrum of academic disciplines, offering undergraduate ( gakushi ) and postgraduate ( shushi and hakushi ) programmes. Notably, many universities are now extending their reach to international students by offering programmes taught entirely in English.

Junior colleges ( tanki daigaku ): These two-year institutions provide specialised vocational training, preparing students for specific careers in a focused and practical way.

Vocational schools ( senmon gakko ): Similar to junior colleges, vocational schools offer practical training in various skilled trades, equipping students with the necessary expertise to excel in their chosen fields.

Understanding these options allows us, as counsellors, to provide tailored guidance based on a student’s specific academic and career aspirations.

The application process

A successful application hinges on meticulous preparation. Here are some key considerations to navigate students through this crucial stage:

Programme selection: In-depth research is paramount. Encourage students to identify universities that align with their academic interests and career goals. The JASSO website serves as a valuable resource.

Admission requirements: Requirements can vary depending on the university and the programme. However, some common elements include academic transcripts, language proficiency tests (JLPT for Japanese; TOEFL/IELTS for English programmes), letters of recommendation from past educators, and a well-written statement of purpose.

Application deadlines: Adherence to deadlines is crucial. Whether applying through general admission, university-specific examinations, or the examination for Japanese university admission for international students (EJU), students must submit their applications well before deadline to avoid any last-minute complications.

The visa process

Applying for a student visa typically requires the following documents:

• Acceptance letter: proof of admission from a Japanese university
• Valid passport
• Visa application form, which can be obtained from Japanese embassies or consulates in the student’s home country
• Proof of financial support: documentation demonstrating sufficient funds to cover tuition and living expenses during the study period.

Early planning and meticulous attention to detail are crucial for a smooth visa application process.

Scholarships

Studying abroad can be financially demanding. To bridge the potential financial gap, students should explore scholarship opportunities:

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) scholarships : these prestigious scholarships cover tuition, living expenses and sometimes even airfare. Students must apply through the Japanese embassy or consulate of the country where they are a national (the link above is for UK citizens).  

JASSO scholarships : the Japan Student Services Organisation offers a range of scholarships based on academic merit, financial need or specific research fields.

University scholarships: many universities offer their own scholarship programmes for international students.