tok essay rough draft

Planning and structuring the TOK essay

TOK Home > Free TOK notes > TOK essay guidance > Planning and structuring the TOK essay

Once you’ve grasped the essay rubric , and chosen your title , you can start planning and structuring your TOK essay. You base this around the 3 interactions with your teacher, which are one-on-one meetings discussing your progress, and receiving feedback.

As well as the interactions, you can also ask your teacher specific questions about your essay, for example, the suitability of arguments and examples.

STEP 3: Plan and structure your TOK essay

Interaction 1.

In your first interaction, you’ll discuss the title that you have chosen and why, your interpretation of its general meaning, and the key words from the title that you’ve identified and will be focusing on.

You should also have a good idea about the areas of knowledge you’ll be using as the context of your essay (these may be specified in the title), the key concepts that could be included, and have a rough idea about the arguments and counterarguments that could be offered.

By the end of the first interaction, you should be clear about your choice (ideally, the meeting will have confirmed you made the right decision, rather than making you rethink it, but that’s still not a problem at this early stage of the essay-writing process), know the context you’ll be using, and be ready to write your introduction.

Interaction 2

During your second interaction, you’ll explain how you have moved your ideas forward, and the arguments and counterarguments that you’re developing. Ideally, you should be able to show your teacher your introduction, and a rough plan of the rest of your essay.

Be ready to discuss personal experiences and real-world examples that you will use to support points, key thinkers, and different points of view. It’s also useful to discuss any challenges and problems that you’ve encountered. Your teacher should then give you plenty of advice on how to turn all of this into a draft essay, which takes you to the final interaction.

Interaction 3

The third interaction is arguably the most important one, as it is when you will discuss your draft essay, and receive written feedback on how to turn this into your final version.

The first thing to ensure is that your draft is as complete as it possibly can be. The reason for this is that your teacher can only give you one set of written feedback, so if you’ve given them something that doesn’t have much detail, they won’t be able to give you any meaningful advice.

Make sure your teacher has had enough time to go over your essay, and has provided you with clear and detailed feedback on the strength and clarity of your arguments, the suitability of your examples, how successfully you’ve considered perspectives and implications, and how effectively your essay answers the questions. You should now feel ready to write the final version of the essay.

A four-step guide to the TOK essay

Click on the buttons below to take you to the four steps of creating a great TOK essay. Don’t forget that we have plenty of videos on this and other aspects of the course, and members of the site have access to a huge amount of other resources to help you master the course and assessment tasks.

Check out our three-minute explainer video on the TOK essay here . The video goes over the basics of the TOK essay, such as how it’s assessed, the word count and other practical details, terms such as ‘perspectives’ and ‘implications’, and the role of real-world examples in justifying claims and arguments.

You’ll find more videos on this and other aspects of TOK here , and you can dive into much more depth via our free and premium webinars, here .

Watch our essay & exhibition webinars

Click on the images below to access these premium webinars on how to create the essay and exhibition. Access more webinars here , and watch our videos on the assessment tasks on this page .

FAQs about the TOK essay

How do i choose my tok essay title.

You choose your essay from six prescribed essay titles, that are released at the beginning of your second DP year. We give a few tips on how to choose a PT that will work for you here . But briefly, choose one that links to your pre-existing knowledge, and that you find personally engaging.

What will I be writing about in my TOK essay?

You’ll be answering your prescribed title, within the context of two areas of knowledge, considering how different perspectives might affect our response to the question, and what the implications of your arguments are.

Can I use ChatGPT to write my essay?

You can use ChatGPT to help you gather materials for your essay, but you should definitely not be using it to write the essay. Be very careful with ChatGPT. It bases its answers on online material, and much of this is inaccurate or out-of-date. For example, depending on what you ask it, it may tell you that you have to explore multiple areas of knowledge (rather than the two stipulated by the titles), and that you have to identify a separate knowledge question to the title (which is absolutely not the case).

How much help should I expect from my teacher?

Your teacher should run through the PTs when they are first released, and then meet you for three interactions, during which you’ll discuss your progress. They are allowed to give you one set of written feedback. But you can consult them at other times with specific questions.

Do I need to use real-world examples in my TOK essay?

Yes, real-life examples help illustrate your points and make your arguments more tangible. They can be drawn from personal experiences, historical events, scientific discoveries, etc.

Should I include my personal opinion in the TOK essay?

While the TOK essay is not about your personal opinion per se, it’s important to reflect on your perspective and how it shapes the way you understand the title. However, you should avoid using the essay as a platform for rants or unsubstantiated claims.

Is it necessary to include counter-arguments in my TOK essay?

Yes, including counter-arguments shows a deeper understanding of the complexity of the topic and demonstrates your critical thinking skills. It also enables you to consider different perspectives, and evaluate the implications of arguments.

Should I include the 12 key concepts in my essay?

Yes, as much as you can, draw on the key concepts such as justification, evidence, perspective, bias, certainty, and objectivity within your arguments linking them to the title, and to the real-world examples you draw on.

How do I ensure that my TOK essay reflects my own original thinking, and avoids plagiarism?

Clearly attribute ideas and sources that are not your own, and strive to present original insights and interpretations supported by evidence and reasoning. See our point above on using ChatGPT – never view this as more than a tool to help you gather material for your essay, rather than a tool to write it for you.

What are some common pitfalls to avoid when writing a TOK essay?

Avoid oversimplifying complex issues, relying solely on personal opinion without justification, neglecting counter-arguments, veering off the question, and failing to include a consideration of different perspectives.

How long do I have to write my essay?

You’ll have 6 months from the time the prescribed titles are released, to the deadline date for uploading your essay to the IB. However, most schools will set their own deadline for completing the essay, so that everyone has plenty of time to complete your PPF, and upload it on time. Follow what your school tells you about this.

How important is the TOK essay PPF?

The PPF (‘Planning and Progress Form’) is the document that you fill in to outline your discussions during the three essay. Although this is not directly assessed, it is an important part of demonstrating that you have approached the TOK essay in an ethical way, which is now particularly important in the era of ChatGPT.

What are some effective strategies for revising and editing my TOK essay to improve clarity and coherence?

Take breaks between revisions, seek feedback from peers or teachers, and carefully proofread for grammar, punctuation, and coherence.

Should I include references or a bibliography in my TOK essay?

While not required, referencing sources appropriately adds credibility to your essay; use footnotes or endnotes for citations.

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How To Write A ToK Essay - Updated 2023

Ace your ToK Essay with our expert tips & tricks! Get the latest and greatest techniques on "How To Write A ToK Essay" and impress the IB examiners.📝💡

Table of content

Purpose of tok, assessment of tok, the game plan, execution of the gameplan, planning for tok essay, structure of tok essay, introduction, conclusions, bibliography.

How to write a TOK Essay? 

To answer that, you must familiarise yourself with what a TOK Essay is about.

Before you start reading this article,  Amanda  has some excellent TOK tips for you!

Theory of Knowledge is one of the most meta subjects that IB offers. Despite its complexity, TOK helps in providing a base for holistic learning and allows students to have a multidisciplinary experience. 

To understand TOK is to understand the essence of IB, a task that most people consider unattainable.

But not for you! 

Thank your lucky stars who made you land on Nail IB. How exactly will Nail IB help you? 

Well, nailing International Baccalaureate is something we will discuss later. 

Let's focus on cracking your TOK essay, shall we?

TOK demonstrates how students  can apply their knowledge  with  greater awareness  and  credibility .

Big words, huh? 

Now that we know that we cannot just slide through the Theory of Knowledge, let's understand how we can conquer this battle all guns blazing.

ToK essay’s primary objective is to answer the  why  behind our studies. 

It makes one aware of the real-life implications of their subjects. The students gain greater awareness of their personal and ideological assumptions and appreciate the diversity of different perspectives. It helps the students find their unique perception, a prerequisite for excelling in the IB TOK essays.

Before we dive into our gameplan, let’s overview the rules of the game.

There are two assessment tasks in the TOK: an essay and a presentation . While a presentation encourages students to explore a real-life situation through the lens of TOK, an essay is written on the basis of the various questions provided by the International Baccalaureate Organisation.

• The presentation is to assess a student’s ability to apply TOK thinking to a real-life situation whereas IB TOK essay is more conceptual.
• The essay is externally assessed by IB and must be on any one of the prescribed TOK essay titles issued by the IB for each examination session.
• Word limit of a TOK essay is 1600 words ( excludes extended notes, footnotes, bibliography).

Now that we have unleashed the game, let’s move ahead towards the gameplan of acing both, your presentation and your essay.

One of the fundamental tasks of TOK is to examine different areas of knowledge and find out their similarities and differences.

The TOK essay requires the students to investigate two Areas of Knowledge (AOK)  and two Ways of Knowing   (WOK) . AOKs and WOKs are investigated via questions such as:

• How do we know what we know? (WOK)
• What counts as evidence for X? (AOK)
• How do we judge which is the best model of Y? (WOK)
• What does theory Z mean in the real world? (AOK + WOK)

The aforementioned are  Knowledge Questions  which help combine the Areas of Knowledge and the Ways of Knowing that they are using. This eliminates the superficial way of learning and makes an individual sensitive to the nature of the information.   Our acquisition of Knowledge can be broadly divided into Shared Knowledge and Personal Knowledge.

Shared knowledge: What WE know It is the product of more than one individual. Although individuals contribute to it, shared knowledge does not solely depend upon the contributions of a particular individual—there are possibilities for others to check and amend individual contributions and add to the body of knowledge that already exists.

Personal knowledge: What I know It is essentially dependent on the experiences of a particular individual. Also known as procedural knowledge, it is gained through experience, practice and personal involvement and is intimately bound up with the particular local circumstances of the individual such as biography, interests, values, and so on.

The best hack to ace TOK essay is to develop a habit of making connections between the construction of knowledge, its acquisition and its relevance in the real world. 

After that one needs to develop an interest in understanding the difference between diversity and cultural perspectives and personal assumptions.

One also needs to critically reflect on their own beliefs and assumptions, leading to more thoughtful, responsible and purposeful lives.

Yes, this is what you signed up for. It may sound a little intimidating but once you get the hang of it you will be able to see the matrix and understand this beautiful world a little better.

Understand that to provide the best version of your writing, it will take you more than one or two drafts. First and foremost, you need to pick your essay topic diligently. Try to choose an essay topic that best interests you. The topic should also allow you to explore the Areas of Knowledge towards which you are naturally inclined. Here are a few sample questions:

a) 'Ways of knowing are a check on our instinctive judgments.' To what extend do you agree with this statement?

b) With reference to two areas of knowledge discuss the way in which shared knowledge can shape their personal knowledge.

c) How can we know if knowledge is produced more through 'Passive Observation' or 'Active-Experiment' within the Human and Natural-sciences under a Mathematical-Perspective?

d) "The whole point of knowledge is to produce both meaning and purpose in our personal lives". Assess the validity of this statement.

Great things take time. It took me more than a couple of weeks to finalize this TOK essay guide. It is completely okay if the first few drafts may not look pleasing or award-winning to you. You will require sharpening your perspective towards the topic each time you polish your draft. Your writing journey from a dull draft to a masterpiece will be a whole process that you will have to be patient with. Have faith in yourself and proceed stepwise.

You need to consider the opinions of others who have devoted hours of research and a lifetime of dedicated studying the topic that surrounds your writing. Unravelling the realms of your mind palace is so Sherlock but let’s not deny the fact that at times, Watson is the one whose expertise helps Sherlock through pretty difficult times. I mean even Batman needs a Robin. In support of my awesome sauce examples, the point I am trying to make is that  finding support for our claims and counterclaims through research is a good thing .

Use real-life examples to support your claims and counterclaims. These examples need to be documented researched examples like studies, experiments, articles, presentations by well-known people, etc. Examples that stem from your diploma subjects are highly encouraged, but those will need to be supported by research as well.   

It is suggested that you choose a title, stick to it, tackle it and not be afraid. Do not change your mind unless there is a good reason. Also, try choosing Areas of knowledge that you truly enjoy. You know slaying a known devil is much easier than an unknown one. Allot a TIMELINE to your essay. Start with creating an outline of your essay. This will help you to track your progress and accomplish your goals

You can use tools like  Trello  to organize your ideas and plan your TOK essay.

Areas of Knowledge (AOKs): TOK distinguishes between eight areas of knowledge. They are mathematics, the natural sciences, the human sciences, the arts, history, ethics, religious knowledge systems, and indigenous knowledge systems. It is suggested that students study and explore six of these eight.

Ways of knowing (WOKs): TOK identifies eight specific WOKs- language, sense perception, emotion, reason, imagination, faith, intuition, and memory. It is suggested that studying four of these eight in-depth would be appropriate. WOKs underlie the methodology of the areas of knowledge and provide a basis for personal knowledge.

Moving ahead, let us discuss the structure of your TOK essay.

Your essay will consist of 4 broad segregations

Before breaking down further on the pillars, keep the following in mind

• Please note what the TOK essay title is asking you. (Read it a couple of times. We highly recommend that you brainstorm ideas with your TOK coordinator)
• Make sure you understand the command term and the question it is asking.
• What kind of knowledge is being elicited?
• When choosing your areas of knowledge (AoK) and ways of knowing (WoK) make sure that you are able to draw contrasts and comparisons, that is, you are able to find evidence that supports as well as challenges your claims.
• Identify key terms in your TOK essay title. Make sure you define them. Your essay will gravitate around them. Key terms/words in your titles are your essay anchors. Your response should be built around them.
• Your writing skills come in handy while you work on your IB TOK essay. Like any other essay make sure you have proper thesis statements and topic sentences to guide the evaluator through your work.
• Respect the TOK essay title. Rephrasing the topic is not encouraged . Your main job is to address the title.

Introduce your topic accurately and state your thesis statement for the essay carefully.  A thesis statement is like a teaser to your entire essay wherein you define your key terms and introduce your interpretation of the question. Make sure that you do not reword the prescribed title in your thesis. Instead, it needs to, as the word says, INTRODUCE your readers to what your essay is about. A strong introduction allows the reader to deduce what knowledge question(s) you are trying to answer.

So, in a nutshell

• Write interesting things about the given TOK essay title .
• Define key terms
• Narrow in on the particularly interesting aspect
• State your thesis statement . This will be your short answer to your given title if you don't know how to write a killer thesis statement check out this blog from SparkNotes .
• State your Roadmap. This will help the readers in understanding the direction of your essay.

The body can be mainly divided into 3 segments.

Body (1st Segment)

• AoK Claim:  Here you investigate your first Area of Knowledge and draw parallels between your AoK and the question. This is done by stating your claim. Claims can be general in nature and need not reference a particular area of knowledge. They help you shape your essay and investigate the question further. 
• Evidence: Example of a real-life situation, describe thoroughly and accurately, which supports your stated claim. (AoK)
• Counter-Claim: State your counter-claim: like claims, those can be general and need not reference a particular area of knowledge. Counterclaim helps you show the other side the coin and gives your essay a holistic nature. 
• Evidence: A referenced real-life situation/example. Describe thoroughly and accurately, show how this supports your counterclaim (AoK ).
• Don’t forget to weave in your WoKs:  You need to take into account the source of your knowledge. Here you can also investigate if your nature of acquiring the knowledge has, in any way, affected it. It is good practice to question if your knowledge would be different had it been acquired through a different source/method
• Mini-conclusion: Here you analyze your examples in reference to your claims and counterclaims. You must connect to your thesis statement and the prescribed title. How does your proposed argument, in this particular part of the body, connect to the prescribed title and the knowledge questions you are trying to answer?

Body (2): Follow the above process for your second AOK.

• Use this part of your essay to compare and contrast your varying AoKs. You need to connect them to your thesis and your prescribed title clearly showing how your arguments respond to the PT.

Your conclusion section will make your essay come together. It is the glue that will make your essay stick together. Herein, you need to

• Reiterate your thesis (initial response).
• Use your mini conclusions to write a final conclusion.
• Tell the reader what the significance is for knowing what we know in this particular PT.
• Discuss implications as well.
• Offer another perspective, how will the perspective of a different person affect the claims/counterclaims you make in the essay?
• Don’t forget to make the end strong.

We recommend all the ib students use the  citation machine  (It's FREE) to organize or generate a bibliography for your TOK essay. Please go through this extensive guide provided by the IB before you start working on your citations.

If you are still struggling heaps with your TOK essay feel free to subscribe to our tok notes bundles or get access to more than 500+ IBDP notes and past papers here .

Nail IB is your virtual companion that helps you hustle through your diploma and provide you with the right resources at the right time. To know more about acing IB, click  here .

I hope this article will become the foundation for figuring out how to write a TOK Essay.

Remember to have faith in yourself.

I hope you NAIL your TOK essay!

Quoting the great Napolean Hill

"Whatever the mind of a man can conceive and believe, it can achieve."

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IB TOK Essay examples

Type a search phrase to find the most relevant TOK Essay examples for you

Not sure what to search for? You can always look through our example Theory of Knowledge coursework below for inspiration.

All TOK Essay Examples

Filter exemplars, for artists and natural scientists, which is more important: what can be explained or what cannot be explained discuss with reference to the arts and the natural sciences., does it matter if our acquisition of knowledge happens in "bubbles" where some information and voices are excluded discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge., want to get full marks for your tok essay allow us to review it for you 🎯, is replicability necessary in the production of knowledge discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge., are visual representations always helpful in the communication of knowledge discuss with reference to the human sciences and mathematics., fast track your coursework with mark schemes moderated by ib examiners. upgrade now 🚀, to what extent is the knowledge we produce determined by the methodologies we use discuss with reference to history and one area of knowledge., tok essay: 5. “how can we distinguish between good and bad interpretations discuss with reference to the arts and one other area of knowledge”, 如果我们是在排除某些信息和声音的“信息同温层”里获取知识，这有关系吗请参考两个知识领域展开你的应答。, does it matter if our knowledge acquisition happens in "bubbles" where some information and voices are excluded discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge., is replicability necessary in the production of knowledge discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge, do you agree that it is “astonishing that so little knowledge can give us so much power” (bertrand russell) discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge., does it matter if our acquisition of knowledge happens in “bubbles” where some information and voices are excluded discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge., to what extent is the knowledge weproduce determined by the methodologieswe use, for artists and natural scientists, which is more important: what can be explained or what cannot be explained discuss with reference to the arts and natural science., êtes-vous d'accord qu'il est "étonnant que si peu de connaissance puissent nous donner autant de pouvoir" (bertrand russell) - discutez cette question en faisant référence aux sciences naturelles et à un autre domaine de la connaissance, est-il important que notre acquisition des connaissances se fasse dans des « bulles » où certaines informations et certaines voix sont exclues discutez cette question en faisant référence à deux domaines de la connaissance., to what extent is the knowledge we produce determined by the methodologies we use discuss with reference to history and one other area of knowledge., is replicability necessary in the production of knowledge discuss with reference to two area of knowledge, are visual representations always helpful in communicating knowledge discuss with reference to the human sciences and mathematics., are visual representations always useful in communication of knowledge discuss with reference to the human sciences and mathematics., for artists and natural scientists which is more important: what can be explained or what cannot be explained, is replication necessary in the production of knowledge discuss with reference to two aoks., do you agree that it is "astonishing that so little knowledge can give us so much power" (bertrand russell) discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge., is replicability necessary in the production of knowledge.

The TOK Essay Process

Developing a successful TOK essay is important and very challenging. The TOK essay makes up a significant part of the overall mark for TOK. Additionally, the bonus points available can make an important difference in your overall IB results. Every point counts.

The TOK essay process is an excellent way to develop open-ended and creative analytical skills. The Extended Essay is similar in some respects but the EE is more narrowly focused and doesn’t have the scope of the TOK essay.

Keep in mind the following outline of the TOK essay process is not exhaustive nor is it the only way to go through the essay process.

• Work extremely hard on any school assignments you are given in your first-year TOK class. You may not immediately realize it, but these assessments are designed to build the skills and knowledge you will need on the TOK essay.
• Carefully read the TOK essay guidelines and assessment instrument.
• Read, analyze and annotate sample TOK essays. You should start with sample essays that have been written for the same TOK curriculum that you are in. You can also use TOK essays from previous cohorts but be a bit careful when using TOK essays from a older curriculum. Some of the requirements will have changed.
• Read, analyze, and annotate past Prescribed Titles and past TOK essays.
• You must have a good grasp of both before you start working on your essay. Try to find multiple sample essays on the same Prescribed Title; this will help you grasp the very different ways you can approach a Prescribed Title.
• When the IB releases your Prescribed Titles your TOK coordinator / teacher will pass them on to you. Prescribed Titles change for every cohort. Start analyzing the prescribed titles as soon as possible.
• FIRST INTERACTION (TK/PPF PDF FORM) Around this point in the process you will have your FIRST INTERACTION . Fill in the relevant details on the TK/PPF PDF FORM . This form will be submitted to the IB at the end of the process along with the final essay. There is more information about the form here: https://toktips.com/the-tok-essay-planning-and-progress-form-tk-ppf/
• Look at each of the Prescribed Titles for your cohort and identify the key words. Consider the different meanings / interpretations that the key words can have. Also think about the significance of each word in a particular AOK. For example, the word “theory” has a specific meaning in science but it doesn’t mean the same thing in the arts.
• Search for underlying Knowledge Questions that are connected to the Prescribed Titles. These knowledge questions aren’t really “created” by students or teachers. These knowledge questions are found in the prescribed titles by analyzing them closely.
• After you have done some analysis and brainstorming for all of the prescribed titles pick the one prescribed title you will base your essay on.
• Check the TOK essay assessment instrument carefully and repeatedly. Ensure that as you work your way through the essay development process your ideas and your writing addresses the terms in the assessment instrument.
• Over time you will develop the Knowledge Questions and arguments that are the key to your essay. As you make changes to them check the Prescribed Title. Your Knowledge Questions and arguments need to be linked directly to the Prescribed Title.
• Make sure you have strong arguments and strong evidence to support them.
• Keep track of your sources. You will need to acknowledge them in the final essay (i.e. with in-text citations and a works cited page). You should make sure you do this in your first draft – don’t wait too late.
• Look for specific examples (SEs) that you can use in your essay. A good specific example is one that you can connect directly to key terms in the Prescribed Title.
• Once you decide on SEs have another look at the key terms in the Prescribed Title and how they fit. Make sure you have a well-rounded set of SEs.
• There are a number of specific examples that are used over and over again by students every cohort – Galileo, Einstein, Darwin, etc. You may want to avoid these. Your TOK marker would prefer to read something unique and interesting and not yet another TOK essay on Darwin & science vs. Religion.
• TOK markers complain often about the fact that TOK students do not make enough use of personal SEs in their essay. Search for SEs that you have a personal connection to and have solid connections to the Prescribed Title you have chosen.
• Examine the specific examples you are considering using for your essay and make note of which AOKs there are in which SEs. Then take a look at the different aspects of the Knowledge Framework and use it to deepen your understanding of the role knowledge plays in your SEs.
• Examine the Different Points of View (DPOVs) in your SEs. You need to address different points of view in your essay to be successful. It’s not good enough just to mention them. You have to look at the DPOVs in detail and think about precisely what the person or group’s DPOV is, where it comes from, how their DPOV compares / contrast with others, etc. Of course the most important thing is that your investigation of different points of view is linked directly to the prescribed title.
• Continue to develop well-rounded arguments that are directly linked to the prescribed title.
• Take another careful look at past sample TOK essays and the TOK essay assessment instrument.
• Put together a rough outline of your essay.
• SECOND INTERACTION : Around this point in the process you will have your SECOND INTERACTION . Fill in the relevant details on the (TK/PPF PDF FORM) .
• Remember what you have learned in your other classes about how to write effective essays. Apply your knowledge of essay writing to your TOK essay. A good TOK essay must also be a good essay.
• One area where a TOK essay may not follow typical essay guidelines is the use of the first person. You can use “I” in a TOK essay if you are discussing a personal Real Life Example or your own Different Perspective. This is the exception though, not the rule.
• Ideally you should have more ideas than you will need in your essay. It’s much better to have to cut a few weaker parts than to be forced to keep everything because you don’t have enough.
• Make sure your RLEs are clear to a TOK marker. This is especially true if you are discussing a RLE that isn’t common knowledge. A brief explanation is usually enough. Don’t spend to much space explaining – save your word count for deeper discussion and analysis.
• Consider the implications of your arguments and included them in your essay. According to the TOK essay assessment instrument the implications only need to be “considered” – they do not need to be discussed in great depth. Implications are usually placed near the end of the essay.
• If possible, write an early first draft before your school’s deadline for the first draft. This will give you the chance to edit it, make changes, and have the best possible first draft submitted for feedback. Make sure the first draft you submit to your teacher follows the assessment guidelines and make sure you cite your sources.
• THIRD INTERACTION : At this point in the process you will have your THIRD INTERACTION . Fill in the relevant details on the (TK/PPF PDF FORM) .
• Your TOK teacher will only be able to give you somewhat limited feedback on your first draft because of the guidelines stated in the subject guide. After the first draft the guidelines are even stricter.
• You want to make the most of the feedback you get on your first draft. Examine the comments carefully and start making changes as soon as you can.
• The deadline between the first draft and the final essay may be quite long depending on the school and you will be working independently a fair bit of the time. Give yourself firm deadlines and stick to them.
• When you get close to the final deadline for the TOK essay carefully check that you have followed IB and school guidelines. In particular, go through your essay EXTREMELY CAREFULLY and make sure you have properly cited all of your sources.
• Ensure that you have filled in all of the relevant sections of the TK/PPF PDF.
• Submit your final TOK essay and TK/PPF PDF according to the instructions given to you by your TOK teacher / TOK coordinator.
• Your TOK teacher / TOK coordinator / DP coordinator will process your submission and it is submitted to the IB for marking.

Privacy Overview

5 (more) essential tips for marking the ToK Essay Draft.

• January 9, 2023
• Teacher Support , ToK Essay

This post comes in response to feedback from a video that I made on marking the ToK Draft Essay (we’re all starting in different places on this ToK journey) – those a little further on their ToK Journey as I focus more on the actual assessment of the content of the essay.

Now, I can’t replicate an IB Cat 2 workshop, neither would you want me to, so what I will do is run through 5 big checks that I make of the content of the essay when I’m marking the Draft.

1. Is the focus of the essay on knowledge arguments or on RLS ?

Most Draft Essays that I have seen have far too much RLS content, they’re overly descriptive of the examples used, and dedicate far too many words to the RLS. This is entirely understandable – DP students have probably spent most of their educational career being assessed on the accuracy of their understanding of content. In ToK we’re asking them to do something a little different – we’re asking them to look at the construction of that content – this is a leap that many students find difficult to make. We can use the rough 80-20 rule here: 80% knowledge to 20% RLS description.

I usually ask students to highlight knowledge & RLS content in different colours on their Draft essays to help them to have a visual representation of the difference.

2. Are definitions consistent throughout the essay ?

Most students realise that the definition of concepts and terms is key to being able to write the ToK Essay. However, students will often change their definitions, or even forget about them during the writing of the essay. Changing definitions can be a strong evaluation point if they find that an earlier definition was insufficient, but this must be done explicitly, and shown to be grounded in the exploration of the PT. 

Recent examiner’s reports have advised that students define terms within each AoK rather than at the beginning of the Essay – this is a good way of reducing the risk of inconsistency in definitions within the essay.

3. Rough Band Placement. (pyramid)

The essay assessment instrument has 5 ‘bands’ or ‘levels’, IB have provided characteristics for each band. I think we can consider broadly what we will find in each essay band – I call this the assessment pyramid.

General talk through the pyramid, as shown in Canva Slides. 

Now, I know that this is just a further precis of the assessment rubric itself, but sometimes there’s a wood & trees problem –  this is my attempt to see the wood.

4. Signposting & LTQ.

Sometimes the Draft Essays can be super confusing: concepts, AoKs, Knowledge Arguments, RLS are all mixed together, sometimes contradictory, often incoherent. If they’re confusing for us as teachers imagine what they’re like for the Examiners. A simple way to start to unravel is to ask the student to signpost the key elements of the essay. I ask them to add sentences which show me where the main elements are, for example:

“My Knowledge claim in AoK ____ is…,”

“This is supported by the RLS ________”

“An evaluation of this argument is _________”

And most importantly by adding a sentence at the end of each paragraph that starts with:

“Linking back to the prescribed title this means that……,”

Signposting the main elements, and explicitly linking back to the question means that there is very little risk of the essay being assessed in the lower 2 bands. It ensures that the student has the basic elements in place to get at least 4/10, which means they’ll pass ToK. 

Signposting also helps the examiners who are serially reading essays written in a range of styles, of varying quality etc. The examiners are looking to award marks, this is much easier to do if students have signposted the content in their essay.

If the signposting is a little clunky after they have developed their essay it can always be taken out before final submission, just like stabilisers on a kid’s bike.  

5. Team Work:  

My final tip is teamwork. Assessing ToK Essays is no easy task, it’s complicated for everyone – I’ve seen senior examiners significantly disagreeing over the marks awarded to an essay. So, it’s important to remember that no ToK Teacher is in this on their own. Work with other ToK Teachers either in your school, or in your local ToK network. If you are the sole ToK teacher in your school, and there is no local ToK Network get in touch with another DP school- I have always found colleagues to be generous and welcoming.

In collaboration with other ToK teachers you can problem solve, moderate, and standardise. You can pick apart exemplars and share previously assessed essays. No one expects you to have all the answers, this is a synergistic process, and we’re all in this together. 

I hope that you found those tips useful. If you have any suggestions for further content please don’t hesitate to contact me, [email protected].

Have a great day !

Daniel, Lisbon, Jan 2023

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How to Write a Good TOK Essay, 5 Easy Ways

Are you interested in learning how to write a good TOK essay?

Are you wondering what a TOK essay is?

TOK stands for Theory of Knowledge.

The theory of knowledge, TOK, is interdisciplinary, meaning it may borrow concepts and ideas from almost any other field of study. The main objective is to encourage students to reflect on and eventually form their views on various issues. So, it’s no surprise you may have writing struggles and hard times while putting your ideas together.

Due to their unique nature, TOK essays need specific knowledge and skill sets from students who want to achieve academic success. The themes and format for TOK essays are unique. Therefore, it’s essential to study them.

Writing a good essay on the Theory of Knowledge is challenging. Read this guide for all advice to create a well-graded TOK essay.

What Is a TOK Essay?

The IB’s Theory of Knowledge essay requires students to write a paper between 1,200 and 1,600 words long on a subject or title chosen by the IB. Your Theory of Knowledge (TOK) essay, as its name indicates, should address questions of knowledge (what is information? why and how do we know things?) and draw connections to other bodies of knowledge.

A TOK essay must address the following eight domains of knowledge :

• Mathematics.
• Natural Sciences.
• Human Sciences.
• Religious knowledge systems.
• Indigenous knowledge systems.

You must concentrate on the fundamental questions of the subject matter, draw appropriate connections between ideas, and demonstrate an advanced and timely grasp of the material.

In addition, you must show that you can think on your own, have a unique viewpoint, understand the topic, and be self-aware. If you need clarifications, you can always hire TOK essay writers to receive the necessary assistance. 

The TOK essay analysis will need a thorough understanding of the essay’s key ideas, consequences, assumptions, arguments, and counterarguments. The thesis’s supporting statements must be logically sound and based on solid evidence; you must thoroughly explain the essential ideas and include appropriate citations.

Tutorial on Creating a TOK Essay

You’ll want to choose a killer title and formulate a solid strategy, but none of that will matter if you don’t know what it’s all about.

When it comes to composing a TOK essay, it all boils down to four C’s:

• Creativity. You need to learn to think on your own.
• Content. Having a firm grasp of the topic at hand and being able to articulate it in writing is a must.
• Clarity. You need the necessary writing skills to compose a coherent essay.
• Critical thinking. You must provide sufficient evidence and rebuttal to persuade the audience of your position.

Furthermore, selecting your thesis topic with consideration is crucial. Make sure it’s something you’re qualified to write.

Despite your confidence, a thorough study of your thesis is essential for constructing a defense that adequately addresses any potential objections to your position. Make notes and a rough draft of your TOK essay while doing research. You can improve the result by increasing your writing productivity while sticking to effective practices.

TOK Essay Format

Introduction.

The introduction is the first point of interaction between the writer and the reader. You should explain the topic and your position on it in the beginning. You want to grab your reader’s interest immediately by outlining your paper’s scope and explaining what you already know about the subject in the opening.

Start with a shocking fact or statistic to get people interested in reading your TOK essay. Afterward, you should include your thesis statement.

Write a distinct paragraph for each argument and rebuttal you’ve uncovered for your TOK essay’s body. As a result, the paper will have a professional look. Invest extra effort in dissecting and explaining the most crucial points of view. 

Paragraph transitions are fundamental. Your essay will be hard to read if you jumble ideas or skip from one topic to another. Think about who you’re writing for, what they care about, and how to convince them to agree.

The last section should leave readers with a feeling of completion. Authors often restate their main points once again in the previous paragraph. If you can find a method to write about your thesis and knowledge in a different approach and structure the essential points in a new way, you’ll make a very effective finish to your TOK essay. 

Your last statement should be compelling. Have a friend read your introduction and conclusion and comment on whether they seem well-ordered and structured. Correct any spelling, punctuation, or contextual errors before turning it in. Writing with economy, clarity, and accuracy makes for a great essay.

Citation and Reference Format

There will be a need to reference and cite most instances. The MLA or APA style is used to reference outside resources. The answer to this question may be found in the guidelines provided by your teacher or tutor. You need to cite information that’s neither widely known nor widely unknown, the precise words of another person, and the repetition of another person’s argument structure or logic in your own words, even if you’re paraphrasing.

Proofreading

To meet the word count, you must improve the quality of your writing. First, see whether the essay adequately addresses the knowledge problem . Furthermore, be careful to express and back up your claims completely. Display a sense of tempo and flow. Finally, remove egregious contextual flaws by checking for and correcting language and spelling mistakes.

Conclusion: How to Write a TOK Essay

The IB’s Theory of Knowledge requirement is unlike anything else out there. As a result, many students may be confused since this type of writing requires them to think and reflect in ways they never have before.

Doing well on the externally graded TOK essay might be challenging, but the above-discussed tips on writing a TOK essay can help you to nail the writing process and get an excellent result. 

All in all, the most straightforward approach to composing a good TOK essay is to read the question carefully and think about what it’s asking. Then, ensure that the title accurately reflects your intended audience’s position, context, and purpose.

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Unpacking the TOK Essay Titles!

A HUGE part of the TOK essay writing PROCESS is “unpacking” the title. This process can be used to help you choose which title you want to write on as well as serve as the CRUCIAL first step of writing your final essay! Our process will be as follows: 1. C ollaborative Unpacking Activity linked HERE 2. Outline creation for the title of your choice 3. Peer edit of outline 4. Draft of Introduction 5. Self Edit of Introduction 6. Draft of perspective paragraphs and analysis 7. Peer edit of perspective paragraphs and analysis 8. Completion of rough draft 9. Feedback on Rough Draft by Mr. Kuykendall 10. Completion of Final Draft

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Theory of Knowledge (TOK) Essay

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DUE DATES:  May 2020 Candidates

TOK Essay:  work periods and staggered submission:

Work periods will be scheduled by your History/Psych teachers.

First Reflection:   Please write your first reflection (on ManageBac) in November, sometime between your lesson with Ms Stefanidis and the end of November.

Rough Draft — DUE  FRIDAY DECEMBER 6th 2019 –if your rough draft is not in by this date, you are relinquishing your right to receive feedback on how to improve your essay–hand in to your History/Psych Teacher. On this date, you should also write your second reflection on ManageBac for TOK essay.

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Prescribed Titles for May 2020

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  The data set that I chose to work with was Animal Bites. This was through the  Department of Environmental Health Services of St. Louis. It is not specifically mentioned in their data set why they chose to create this file for animal bites. The data itself has been structured and broken down into multiple categories such as Animal type, house number, neighborhood number, street, ward ect. When looking at the data I noticed even the title is animal bites it covers more dogs than cats. That leads me to some questions such as why is it only dogs that seem to be getting the most attention and not cats as much. 

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                  Some of the ambiguities within the data could have shaped this intentionally based on race and depending on which community you are living in in St. Louis. In reality we do not know the people that gave the information to the health services if they are black, white, hispanic and so forth. Without having any background knowledge of the community or certain wards if there are more black people or white people in on or another if this could be an effect of the data, On the other hand this could be an issue because if you are pulling data from a specific neighborhood of people with only a majority of one race then your not really getting the full picture of how this data might have been ultimately collected.

               This data resembles what we are currently doing for MOBOT in results to surveys and telling the history of the garden to the public and how most of the people that come to the garden are non-white and people with a decent amount of money that are willing to go to the garden to go on tours or to take pictures of plants while we also have people that might not be so wealthy and live further from the garden and who do not have a way to get to the garden if they want to go and explore and potentially learn about the history. This leads to a big loss as far as diversity and inclusion where we once again have ambiguous data and missing spots just like this animal bite data set then it is up to the people to interpret things the way they want to instead of having the hard facts and evidence to back things up as to why certain things are or not in place when they should be. 

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How the House Voted on Foreign Aid to Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan

By Catie Edmondson ,  Martín González Gómez ,  Kayla Guo ,  Robert Jimison ,  Albert Sun and Karen Yourish

Votes on the Foreign Aid Bills

Source: Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives

The House passed a long-stalled foreign aid package on Saturday that gives funding to Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan, with a majority of lawmakers backing money for American allies across the globe. The package, which now goes to the Senate, is almost certain to become law.

The Senate passed similar legislation in February. But in the face of distinct bases of opposition to different elements of the legislation, which threatened to tank the package as a whole, Speaker Mike Johnson advanced the foreign aid using a convoluted strategy: It split the package into three parts, each of which received its own vote, added a fourth bill with Republican priorities as a sweetener and melded it all together again once everything passed.

The plan, laid out in a rule that passed on Friday, was concocted to capitalize on the pools of support for each part of the $95 billion package, while preventing opposition to any one piece from taking down all of them.

How Different Factions Voted

Note: Progressive Democrats are members of the House Progressive Caucus. Hard-right Republicans include members who were supported by the House Freedom Fund during the 2022 midterms, opposed Kevin McCarthy’s election as speaker in January 2023, or voted to oust Mr. McCarthy from the speakership last October. The fund is the campaign arm of the House Freedom Caucus, a hard-right faction founded in 2015.

A majority of Republicans voted against Ukraine aid on Saturday, in a reflection of the stiff resistance within the G.O.P. to continuing to aid Ukraine against President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia’s invasion. The coalition that voted against the bill extended from right-wing members of the House Freedom Caucus to leadership, such as Representative Elise Stefanik of New York, the No. 3 House Republican. On Israel aid, on the other hand, most Republicans voted “yes.”

Thirty-four right-wing Republicans also opposed aid to American allies in the Indo-Pacific, while Representative Rashida Tlaib, Democrat of Michigan, declined to take a yes-or-no position and voted “present.” Representative Bob Good, Republican of Virginia and the chair of the House Freedom Caucus, was one of the 21 members of his party who voted against the Israel package. Echoing one of the many grievances shared by hard-right Republicans who opposed all of the aid measures, Mr. Good said his support for “Israel’s right to defend itself remains unshakeable” but that he disagreed with a measure that would add to the nation’s debt.

While all Democrats voted in favor of aid to Ukraine and all but Ms. Tlaib supported funding to Taiwan, 37 left-leaning Democrats defected to vote against the Israel aid bill. They said before the vote that they opposed unfettered aid to Israel that could be used in its offensive in Gaza. The opposition to the Israel aid represented a minority of Democrats, but reflected the deep resistance to unconditional aid and the divisions in the party on Gaza. Representative Jamie Raskin of Maryland represented a notable new “no” vote among Democrats, and other standouts included Representatives Donald S. Beyer Jr. of Virginia, Earl Blumenauer of Oregon and John Garamendi of California.

Still, 37 “no” votes, while a break from Washington’s ironclad support for the Jewish state, fell short of the opposition bloc progressives had hoped to muster. Thirty-nine Democrats had voted “no” on Friday on the rule to allow the foreign aid package to come to the House floor, a target that progressives just missed on Saturday on the Israel bill. Fourteen of those Democrats voted on Saturday in favor of aid to Israel, while 12 Democrats who voted to allow the package on the floor on Friday then cast votes against the funding itself.

Twenty-five Republicans voted against the fourth bill, which included measures that could lead to a ban on TikTok in the United States and that would redirect funds from seized Russian assets to help aid Ukraine. Democrats put up a big vote — 174 — in favor of this bill, which was intended to sweeten the overall package for conservatives.

How Every Member Voted

An earlier version of this article incorrectly identified the political party of a group of representatives who notably voted “no” on new aid for Israel. They are Democrats, not Republicans.

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