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BBS 4th year proposal sample pdf

We have collected BBS 4th year proposal sample pdf. BBS means Bachelors in Business Studies .

For Report of Analysis of Financial Statement of Everest Bank pdf: CLICK HERE

The is on the Topic ” A PROPOSAL ON ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF EVEREST BANK LIMITED ”

A project work Proposal on

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF

EVEREST BANK LIMITED

Submitted By:

Registration No:

College Name

Group : Finance or Account

Submitted To

Faculty of Management

Tribhuvan University

Kathmandu, Nepal

In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS STUDIES (BBS)

TABLE OF CONTENT

• Introduction
• Scope of Study
• Statement of Problems
• Objective of the Study
• Research Methodology
• Data presentation and analysis tool
• Chapter plan
• Limitation of the Study

A PROPOSAL ON ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF

1. Introduction

Financial performance analysis is the process of analyzing a company’s financial statements for decision-making purposes and to understand the overall health of an organization. Financial statements record financial data, which must be evaluated through financial performance analysis to become more useful to investors, shareholders, managers, and other interested parties. It is the method of evaluating the past, present, and projected performance of a company. Analysts track performance measures across financial statements using several different methods for financial performance analysis, including vertical, horizontal, and ratio analysis. It helps to analyze whether an entity is stable, solvent, liquid or profitable enough to warrant a monetary investment.

Everest Bank Limited (EBL) is one of the leading commercial banks in Nepal. It has the mission of “Growth Through Banking For All”. It has been in operation in Nepal since 1994 A.D. Its joint venture partner is Punjab National Bank (PNB). PNB has 20% equity in Everest Bank Limited. It’s present shareholding pattern is 49.19% promoters, 30.78% general public, and 20.03% Punjab National Bank. It currently operates through 117 branches and 4 extension counters dedicated to customer service. Further, it operates 143 ATMs all over Nepal

2. Scope Of Study

Everest Bank Limited established with the slogan of “Consistent, Strong & Dependable”, aims to be a household name gaining the confidence of its shareholders, investors, depositors, and other interested parties. For this purpose, analysis of financial performance is a must. The analysis of financial performance manifests various aspects such as stability, profitability, solvency, and liquidity position of the organization. Information regarding such aspects of financial statements not only facilitates the users but also the bank itself to identify its strength and weakness. This will help the bank to formulate plans and policies for better operation in the future. Therefore, this report will portray the analysis of the financial statement of Everest Bank Limited.

Analysts track performance measures across financial statements using several different methods for financial performance analysis, including vertical, horizontal, and ratio analysis. This research focuses on the analysis of financial statements using various tools of ratio analysis. Statistical and financial ratios such as liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, leverage ratios, activity ratios as well as other relevant financial ratios will be used as data analysis procedures.

3. Statement of Problem

A statement of the problem is a brief description of an issue to be addressed or a condition to be improved upon. It aims in identifying and explaining the problem.

In the present context of Nepal, commercial banks have good performance. On the basis of the profitability and productivity of commercial banks, the public has confidence in their performance. However, various environmental factors, the state of the economy, the structure of capital and money market, government policies, taxation policies, and various internal factors have influenced upon financial performance and position of commercial banks. In these circumstances, it is highly useful to make the study on the financial statement of Everest Bank Ltd.

Profitability position and stock prices are the general factors considered for evaluating the financial performance of Everest Bank Ltd. However, one can raise the question, “Are these the only factors to reflect the performance of the bank?”

Thus, the main problem of the study is to inquire into the financial performance of Everest Bank Limited.

This study is targeted to find out answers to the following questions:

• What is the financial performance of Everest Bank Limited?
• Does the overall financial statement depict the financial position indicating any special strengths and weaknesses of the Bank?
• Is Everest Bank Limited utilizing its assets efficiently?
• Everest Bank Limited is considered to be operationally efficient. But how far it is efficient?

In this context, the main purpose of the study is to analyze the financial performance of Everest Bank Limited in terms of turnover, profitability, liquidity, and efficiency in operation.

4. Objective of the Study

It defines the purpose of this study. Simply, it helps to find out the answer to the questions stated above. The general objective of this study is to analyze the financial statements of Everest Bank Limited regarding the financial performance and position.

Other specific objectives are as follows:

• To evaluate the financial position of Everest Bank Limited.
• To analyze the financial performances through the use of appropriate financial and analytical tools.
• To identify the profitability position i.e. Earning per share (EPS), Dividend per share (DPS), and Return on Asset (ROA).
• To measure liquidity, solvency, and efficiency.
• To determine the past, present, and projected performance of the company.

5. Research Methodology

The research methodology is the process used to collect information and data. The methodology may include interviews, surveys, publications, research, and other research techniques.

5.1 Sources of Data Collection

Data can be collected from primary sources and secondary sources. Primary data are first-hand data collected through the direct involvement of the researcher whereas secondary data are second-hand data that are already collected by someone else and used by the researcher for his/her study. The major data used in this project report are collected through secondary sources.

5.2 Secondary Data:

Secondary data are those data, that have previously been gathered and can be accessed by researchers. Data in this project are collected from published as well as unpublished sources. Secondary data used in this project are listed below:

• Annual financial reports of Everest Bank Limited.
• Official website of Everest Bank Limited.
• Books and articles

6. Data Presentation and Analysis Tool

Various statistical, as well as financial ratios, are used for the analysis of data obtained in the due course of research. The obtained data is presented, tabulated, and graphed to analyze and achieve the goal of the study. The financial ratios used for data analysis are:

• Profitability ratios
• Liquidity ratios
• Assets management ratio

And other financial ratios

Further, the following tools have been used for data presentation:

• Bar diagrams

7. Chapter Plan

I)      chapter one – introduction:.

It deals with the introductory part. It consists of a background of the study, banking scenario in Nepal, the profile of the organization, statement of the problem, the objective of the study, review of literature, methods of data collection, limitations of the study, and definition of terms.

ii)    Chapter two – Result and Analysis:

Chapter two deals with data presentation and analysis of results and findings. It exhibits a systematic presentation of data collection and analysis of results and findings of project work.

iii)   Chapter three – Discussion and Conclusion:

Chapter three, the last chapter of the study focuses on evaluating and interpreting the results obtained. Further, it also deals with the present implication of results obtained and conclusions drawn useful for future studies.

8. Limitation of the study

Limitation tends to narrow the area of study. It is caused due various undeniable circumstances. The major limitations of this study are mentioned below:

• The Research is based on records of 3 fiscal years’ analysis only i.e. from FY 2072/2073 to FY 2074/2075.
• The researcher has used only some statistical tools for the presentation and analysis of data.
• Most of the data used in this study are based on secondary sources mainly the official website of Everest Bank Limited.
• The main focus is given to the quantitative aspect rather than the qualitative aspect.
• The study is based on Everest Bank Limited only.
• It is only for partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS).
• The required time duration to complete the proposed study is 1 month.
• Tentative Time Frame

                                                                                                                           Your Name

BBS 4 th year

A proposal of Analysis of Financial Statement of Everest Bank pdf: CLICK HERE

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A research report for BBS 4th year 2073 by KAJI PAUDEL

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TU publishes Procedures and Format for 4 Year BBS 4th Year Project Work

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Tribhuvan University, Faculty of management has published guidelines for BBS (4th Year) project report writing. The purpose of published document is to provide basic guidelines to the students, supervisors, research committee, and other associated persons on some important aspects of writing, supervising and evaluating the project work report prepared for the course MGT 401: Final Project. The document consists of > brief introduction to the project work report writing and its learning outcomes, > the responsibilities to be followed by the students, the supervisors, and the Research Committee of respective campuses/ colleges, > guidelines for preparing a project work, > the evaluation of the project work report, and > appendices (format of the project work report. Introduction and Learning Outcomes Writing a project work report is an essential academic requirement for the fourth year BBS students. This is a study-enterprise for independent leaning from field based activities. It gives students an opportunity to enquire into real business practices and relate it with the theory they have learnt so far. In this process, the student will, first of all, choose a business unit for the study; and may confine in one of its functional departments. Then they will collect data, organize and present them in a logical order, analyze and draw conclusion from the analysis. Thus, they are expected to gain firsthand experience with the business environment and the way a business unit operates its business. Finally, they will prepare a formal report in a prescribed format reflecting their knowledge and experience of the project work and submit it to the Research Department of the concerned campus/ college for evaluation.

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After completing the project work, the student is expected to: > be familiar with the environment of the business unit/ events/ place, etc with which s/he was involved/ associated with, > understand the functioning the business unit, > identify an issue or problem for investigation, > identify relevant literature and appropriately review, cite and list them in bibliography, > collect relevant data on the problem or issues for analysis, > present data in a systematic and meaningful order, > apply correct tools and techniques of data analysis, > analyze the data and draw conclusions, > prepare a report in a clear, concise and logical manner, and > prepare a formal academic report by following format provided by the Faculty of Management. Responsibilities of Students, Supervisors and Research Committee Students Students are fully and solely responsible for writing and editing the project work report of acceptable quality by meeting all requirements of the Faculty of Management. Specifically, the students shall have the following responsibilities for the project work report writing. > To prepare a project work proposal within one month of the beginning of the session in consultation with major/concentration subject teacher, and get formal approval from the campus/college level research committee after needful revisions suggested by the committee. > To work closely with the concerned supervisor, campus/college level research committee chair and other members as needed, keeping the supervisor regularly informed of progress. > In case students desire to change the scope of the approved project work, students shall have to obtain a formal approval from supervisor and the research committee prior to making any change in the scope of the project work. > To comply with all procedures, format requirements and the University rules and regulations regarding the project work. > To ensure that the project work has sufficient evidence of originality, appropriate organization and format, and thorough documentation. > To use correct formatting and accuracy of quotations and literature citations. > To make corrections and revisions as many times as suggested by the concerned supervisor and the research committee. > To proofread the whole document, including acknowledgements, references, and appendices. > To ensure that project work report has met the format requirements as provided by the Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University. > To get recommendation from the supervisor and submit the final report (three copies) to the research committee. > To take primary responsibility to stay informed about notifications and deadlines issued by the research committee, the campus/college and Office of the Controller of Examinations, TU. (No exceptions shall be made for missed deadlines or late submission of project work report). Supervisors > To familiarize themselves with this project work policy and format requirements, and deadlines that affect students, and bring into their notice from time to time. > To sincerely advise students on improvements to organization, form, content, and expression of material. > To sign the recommendation form and certify that: - the document is well-written, which includes writing and format as well as the overall quality of the project work report, - it is an accurate description of the work performed, - it is an original and worthwhile contribution by the student, and - the suggestions made by the supervisor and the research committee have been incorporated into the final document. Research Committee and its Chair Although students shall have the primary responsibility for writing and submitting the project work report, the research committee and its chair shall have the responsibility to thoroughly implement this project work procedure and format requirements. The committee or its Chair will be responsible for the following. > To formulate necessary policy, procedures and guidelines for the effective implementation of the project work report writing assignment of the students, > To organize orientation program for the students on the purpose of the project work and any other topic useful to the students such as selection of the organization/topic, proposal writing, and project work report writing, etc. > To prepare a list of supervisors based on defined criteria. > To appoint supervisor for each student. > To develop evaluation policy and criteria. > To resolve any disagreements between students and concerned supervisors. > To sign and certify that: - the document is well-written, which includes writing and format as well as the overall quality of the project work report, - it is an accurate description of the work performed, - it is an original and worthwhile contribution by the student, and - the suggestions made by the concerned supervisor and the research committee have been incorporated into the final document DOWNLOADS click [ HERE ] to download (pdf) Procedures and Format for Project Work (4 Year BBS 4th Year)

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BBS 4th Year Project Report Writing Guideline - Tribhuvan University FOM

Article 18 Sep 2022 25049 0

BBS 4th Year Project Report Writing Guideline - Tribhuvan University FOM: The purpose of this document is to provide basic guidelines to the students, supervisors, research committee, and other associated persons on some important aspects of writing, supervising and evaluating the project work report prepared for the course MGT 401: Final Project.

This document consists of (1) brief introduction to the project work report writing and its learning outcomes, (2) the responsibilities to be followed by the students, the supervisors, and the Research Committee of respective campuses/ colleges, (3) guidelines for preparing a project work, (4) the evaluation of the project work report, and (5) appendices (format of the project work report).

Introduction and Learning Outcomes

Writing a project work report is an essential academic requirement for the fourth year BBS students. This is a study-enterprise for independent leaning from field based activities. It gives students an opportunity to enquire into real business practices and relate it with the theory they have learnt so far. In this process, the student will, first of all, choose a business unit for the study; and may confine in one of its functional departments. Then they will collect data, organize and present them in a logical order, analyze and draw conclusion from the analysis. Thus, they are expected to gain firsthand experience with the business environment and the way a business unit operates its business. Finally, they will prepare a formal report in a prescribed format reflecting their knowledge and experience of the project work and submit it to the Research Department of the concerned campus/ college for evaluation.

After completing the project work, the student is expected to:

• be familiar with the environment of the business unit/ events/ place, etc with which s/he was involved/ associated with,
• understand the functioning the business unit,
• identify an issue or problem for investigation,
• identify relevant literature and appropriately review, cite and list them in bibliography,
• collect relevant data on the problem or issues for analysis,
• present data in a systematic and meaningful order,
• apply correct tools and techniques of data analysis,
• analyze the data and draw conclusions,
• prepare a report in a clear, concise and logical manner, and
• prepare a formal academic report by following format provided by the Faculty of Management.

Responsibilities of Students, Supervisors and Research Committee

Students are fully and solely responsible for writing and editing the project work report of acceptable quality by meeting all requirements of the Faculty of Management.

Specifically, the students shall have the following responsibilities for the project work report writing.

• To prepare a project work proposal within one month of the beginning of the session in consultation with major/concentration subject teacher, and get formal approval from the campus/college level research committee after needful revisions suggested by the committee.
• To work closely with the concerned supervisor, campus/college level research committee chair and other members as needed, keeping the supervisor regularly informed of progress.
• In case students desire to change the scope of the approved project work, students shall have to obtain a formal approval from supervisor and the research committee prior to making any change in the scope of the project work.
• To comply with all procedures, format requirements and the University rules and regulations regarding the project work.
• To ensure that the project work has sufficient evidence of originality, appropriate organization and format, and thorough documentation.
• To use correct formatting and accuracy of quotations and literature citations.
• To make corrections and revisions as many times as suggested by the concerned supervisor and the research committee.
• To proofread the whole document, including acknowledgements, references, and appendices.
• To ensure that project work report has met the format requirements as provided by the Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University.
• To get recommendation from the supervisor and submit the final report (three copies) to the research committee.
• To take primary responsibility to stay informed about notifications and deadlines issued by the research committee, the campus/college and Office of the Controller of Examinations, TU. (No exceptions shall be made for missed deadlines or late submission of project work report).

Supervisors

The supervisor is responsible for the following.

• To familiarize themselves with this project work policy and format requirements, and deadlines that affect students, and bring into their notice from time to time.
• To sincerely advise students on improvements to organization, form, content, and expression of material.
• the document is well-written, which includes writing and format as well as the overall quality of the project work report,
• it is an accurate description of the work performed, o it is an original and worthwhile contribution by the student, and
• the suggestions made by the supervisor and the research committee have been incorporated into the final document.

Research Committee and its Chair

Although students shall have the primary responsibility for writing and submitting the project work report, the research committee and its chair shall have the responsibility to thoroughly implement this project work procedure and format requirements. The committee or its Chair will be responsible for the following.

• To formulate necessary policy, procedures, and guidelines for the effective implementation of the project work report writing assignment of the students,
• To organize an orientation program for the students on the purpose of the project work and any other topic useful to the students such as selection of the organization/topic, proposal writing, project work report writing, etc.
• To prepare a list of supervisors based on defined criteria.
• To appoint a supervisor for each student.
• To develop evaluation policy and criteria.
• To resolve any disagreements between students and concerned supervisors.
• the suggestions made by the concerned supervisor and the research committee have been incorporated into the final document.

Guidelines for Preparing a Project Work Report

The following guidelines have been provided for the preparation of a project work report.

Use only white, 8-by-11-inch paper of good quality.

Project work reports are typed in Times New Roman using 12-point characters. However, the students may reduce the font size within tables or figures to fit within the margins.

Spacing and Justification

The text must be 1.5-spaced, except for quoted passages that may be indented and single-spaced for emphasis and within the Table of Contents or List of Figures/Tables when a heading or caption title wraps to a second line. Text must be justified (align text to both the left and right margins).

Leave uniform margins of at least 1 in. (2.54 cm) at the top, bottom, left, and right of every page. Combined with a uniform typeface and font size, uniform margins enhance readability and provide a consistent gauge for estimating report length.

Page Numbers

The preliminary pages (preceding the first main section) must have lowercase Roman numerals starting with the declaration page that is numbered “ ii ”. The title page is unnumbered, but the implied number is “ i ”. The lowercase Roman numerals are placed within the footer (bottom center).

The first page of text (Introduction) uses the Arabic number “1” and pages thereafter carry consecutive

Arabic numbers, including the pages in the Appendices and References. Arabic numbers are positioned in the upper right-hand corner, one inch from the top and one inch in from the right edge of the paper.

Headings and Subheadings

The following is a general heading level outline to be used. Each new primary heading must start on a new page.

 HEADING LEVEL ONE

The primary heading or heading level one is center justified, and all upper case. Triple space to text.

 Heading Level Two

Heading level two is left aligned; the first letter of each major word is capitalized, and has spacing set at 12 point before and 18 points after.

 Heading level three

Heading level three is left aligned; the font is underlined and in sentence case. There is a double space to the following text.

 Heading level four (paragraph heading). This heading is indented with the paragraph. The font is underlined and in sentence case. The heading ends with a period.

Layout of Preliminary Pages

The project report includes preliminary pages in the following order – the declaration, supervisor's recommendation, endorsement, acknowledgments, table of contents, list of tables, list of figures, and abbreviations.

Title Page: the title page is assumed to be page “ i ” but is not numbered. The title is typed in all upper cases. All text on the title page is center justified. ( See Appendix A: Title page)

Declaration: students’ declaration about the originality of work. (See Appendix B: Declaration)

Supervisor’s Recommendation: a recommendation letter from the supervisor for approval of the project work report. (See Appendix C: Supervisor’s Recommendation)

Endorsement: an endorsement letter from the research committee chair to the TU Office of the

Controller of Examinations, Kathmandu. (See Appendix D: Endorsement)

Acknowledgments: acknowledge them who have really helped you to prepare the project work report.

Table of Contents: Double space down from heading. Insert table of contents. All headings and

subheadings are capitalized and punctuated exactly as they are in the text. The table of contents is double-spaced except when a heading or caption wraps to a second line. (See Appendix E: Table of Content) List of Tables : Triple space down from heading.

List of Figures : Triple space down from heading.

Abbreviations: List of abbreviations and acronyms in alphabetical order.

Appendices (if applicable): Triple space down from heading.

Format of the Main Body of Project Work Report:

A project work report shall have the following three chapters.

Chapter 1 - Introduction: background; profile of the organization, events, activities, etc; objectives of the study; rational; method of the study; review of literature; limitations of the study.

Chapter 2 - Results and Analysis: presentation of results and findings of project work.

Chapter 3 – Summary and Conclusion – a brief summary of the report, and a conclusion based

on the findings of the report.

Bibliography: includes all sources used in the study, using APA format for citation. (Visit Website:

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/08/)

Appendices: Include material too detailed or lengthy for inclusion in the body of the study (e.g., questionnaires, maps, photos, and letters of permission). Each appendix shall have to be labeled alphabeticall y.

Length of the Project Report : The length of the Project Report will be around 8,000 to 10,000 words (approximately 30 – 35 pages). The length is exclusive of the materials included in the preliminary section and appendixes.

Download: BBS 4th Year Project Report Writing Guideline.Pdf

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Procedures and Format for Project Work (4 Year BBS 4th Year) by Tribhuvan University

Tribhuvan University  Faculty of management  published guideline for BBS (4th Year) project report writing.

The purpose of this document is to provide basic guidelines to the students, supervisors, research committee, and other associated persons on some important aspects of writing, supervising and evaluating the project work report prepared for the course MGT 401: Final Project. 

This document consists of 

• brief introduction to the project work report writing and its learning outcomes, 
• the responsibilities to be followed by the students, the supervisors, and the Research Committee of respective campuses/ colleges, 
• guidelines for preparing a project work, 
• the evaluation of the project work report, and 
• appendices (format of the project work report.

For detail information download the PDF below:

Procedures and Format for Project Work (4 Year BBS 4th Year)

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Research thesis for BBS 4th year (TU Account Group)

"RATIO ANALYSIS OF JANAKALYAN MULTIPURPOSE CO-OPERATIVE LIMITED" SUNUWAL

1.1.          Introduction of the study

Ratio analysis is a form of financial statement analysis that is used to obtain a quick indication of firm's financial performance .It is one of such a tools in hand who wants to know something more from the financial statement in the simplified manner .It is widely used tools of financial analysis which helps to know weakness of a firm's as well as its historical performance and current financial condition of any organization so, it is necessary tools to every firm. Ratio analysis also helps in inter-firm's performance comparison of different department and finds if any planning is needed for its effectiveness.

Liquidity is defined as the ability of a company to meet its financial obligation as they come due. The liquidity ratio, then, is a computation that is used to measure a company's ability to pay its short term debts. There are two common calculations that fall under the category of liquidity ratios. The current ratio is the most liberal of the two. It is followed by the acid-test ratio. These two ratios are often grouped together by financial analysis when attempting to accurately measure the liquidity of a company.

Profitability analysis is a component of enterprise resources planning (ERP) that allows administrators to forecast the profitability of a proposal or optimize the profitability of an existing project. Profitability analysis can anticipate sales & profit potential specific to aspects of the market such as, customer age group, geographic regions or product types. It helps to identify the most and least profitable clients, products or services.

Profitability and liquidity are two important variables which gives information about the performance of any business entity. For long term survival and healthy growth both profitability and liquidity should go parallel to each other .Profitability is one of the major goals of any business, without being profitable it is not possible for business to survive and the business need short-term funds to fulfill its day to day needs in operations and other requirements . So, the liquidity tells about the business capacity to meet short term needs of funds by the business and the profitability tells about the profit generated from the operation of business.

In the modern age business has to face difficult challenges and competition. To overcome such challenges and competition, different analysis should be done among them financial analysis provides meaningful information about the financial aspects of the business. It is the process of identifying the financial strength and weakness of the firm by properly establishing relationship between them i.e. Balance sheet & income statement.

The reason to choose this title is that many studies have been conducted in past to find the tradeoff between profitability and liquidity, and there is a huge variation in this results. The purpose of the research is know the relationship between two ratio of the financial statements i.e. profitability and liquidity .The relation is measured by current ratio, quick ratio, Net working capital, Gross profit margin ratio, Net profit margin ratio.

Saving and Credit co-operatives can be the link that will give rural business access to credit at cost for lower than interest rates currently charged by money lenders. People do not have the habit of saving as well as knowledge of financial institution. To get rid from such problems, different cooperative have been established .Among them Janakalyan Multipurpose Co-operative limited is the one established on 2057 B.S as per Directives of division cooperative limited. It is situated in Sunuwal-06,Nawalparasi. There are 1586share shareholders and the share amount is Rs. 1,31,67,100. Loan facility is given to people at 13-14% interest annually. People deposits their money at saving interest 8% annually, people deposits money on daily basis and monthly basis. Fertilizer to poor farmers is also distributed at low costs.

1.2.          Review of Literature

Review of Literature is thus, an essential part of all research studies. It is a way to discover what other research in the area of our problems has uncovered. A critical review of the literature will helps us to know or develop through understanding and insight it into previous research works that relates to our study. The literature survey will also provides the function for developing a comprehensive theoretical framework from which hypothesis can be develop for testing. The literature survey also maximize the risk of pursuing dead-ends in research. Advantages of reviewing the literature apply to the design of our project. Designing a study involves several decisions as to what variables to include and how to measure them, what techniques to use and so on.

According to Wixonkell and Bedford (1996), "a ratio is an expression of the quantitative relationship between two numbers.”

Ratio is the expression of one figures in terms of another's. It is the expression of the relationship of the mutually independent figures, it is simple mathematical expression of the relationship of one item to another. Absolute figure alone convey no meaning unless they are interrelated to exist among various accounting data.

Kehler (1999) defines ratio as "a ratio is the relationship of amount to another expressed as the ration of as a simple fraction integer, decimal fraction of percentage."

Therefore, ratio refers to the numerical or quantitative relationship between two numbers.

1.3.          Statement of the problems

Ratio is the expression of one figure in terms of another .It is the expression of the relationship between the mutually independent figures. It is simple mathematical expression of the relationship of one item to another. Absolute figure anyone convey no meaning unless they are compared with past research. According to ratios, It shows the interrelationship existed among various accounting data.

1.       What are the Liquidity positions of the firm­ ­ ?

2.       What are the profitability positions of the firm?

3.       What is the financial position of firm from the view point of liquidity and profitability?

1.4.          Objectives of the study.

A field work report will be meaningless without having any objectives. So, the basic objectives of financial analysis is to provide meaningful financial information to these who have need of it and legitimate interest and right to have such information for decision making.The various objectives are enumerated below:

1.       To evaluate different ratios of past 5 years.

2.       To analyzed the liquidity ratio of the firm.

3.       To identify the profitability ratio of the firm.            

4.       To analyzed the financial position of the firm.

5.       To analyzed the financial position of the firm from the viewpoint of liquidity and profitability.

1.5.          Significance of the study .

Nowadays many Banks & Financial Institutions are established all over the country. In these situations institutional services are significant to develop the country by providing loans and credit facilities.

1.       This study helps to know how well the resources of financial institutions.

2.       To analyze the current situation of the financial institutions.

3.       This study helps to analyze liquidity and profitability and manage them well.

4.       This study provides bases for planning.

5.       By the help of this study, financial institutions can give quick financial decisions.

1.6.          Methodology of the study.

The research methodology is the process of arriving to the solution of the problem through and systematic dealing with the collection, analysis and interpretation of facts and figures. As this research entirely considers about, the Ratio Analysis of Janakalyan Multipurpose Co-operative Limited.Sunuwl-06.For the purpose of achieving the objective the following methodology has been proposed to follow, which included research design, collection of data, presentation and analysis technique.

1.6.1.   Research design

For preparing this report, descriptive research design is used. Data are collected from only secondary method, because this method is easily available. The following methodology is adopted for the data presentation and analysis.

1.6.2.   Data Collection Methods.

In this report writing most of the required data are secondary data.

Published Information of Organization

Under this method, the necessary accounts of the company published will be analyzed to gather necessary information. Annual Reports, Financial statements, Official Records, Published Books, Official Website etc. will be used to collect the data.

Previous Fieldwork Report Search

Previous report for the same financial institutions will be consulted and gathered necessary information.

1.6.3.   Techniques of Data Analysis.

After collecting the data, it will be analyzed; it is measured by following tools:

1.       Trend Analysis

2.       Bar Diagram

3.       Table

4.       Average

5.       Percentage

6.       Different Ratios

1.7. Limitation of the study.

2.       All data will be Secondary Nature.

3.       This report studies only few Ratios.

4.       The data will be used from F/Y 2070/71 to 2074/075.

5.       Report will be based on T.U Requirement of BBS 4 th Year.

6.       Limited tools and techniques are used for data analysis.

1.8.          Time Allotment.

The time allotment for writing this report will be as follows:

1.9.          References.

The lists of all references as on this field work are.

·          Dangol, R.M. (2059), Accounting for financial Analysis and planning, Kathmandu; Taleju Publication

·          Joshi, P.R. (2061B.S), Corporate Finance, Kathmandu; Book Publisher and Distributers.

·          Agrawal, G.R (2003), Project Management in Nepal, Kathmandu; M.K Publisher and Distributors.

·          Hornby, A.S.(1996), Advance Learner Dictionary, Oxford University.

1.10.     Report Structure.

The present study has been organized into five chapters. They are Whole report summarized by listed below.

Chapter-I: Introduction

The first chapter includes background of the study, statement of the problems, objectives, rationale and limitation of the study.

Chapter-II: Related Literature Review

The second chapter included conceptual review, review of previous works and research gap.

Chapter-III: Research Methodology

The third chapter includes types of research, research design, nature of data, types of data, population and sample, data collection and analysis technique and report structure.

Chapter-IV: Results and Findings .

The fourth chapter includes presentation of data in tables and figure and their analysis and major findings.

Chapter-V: Discussion and Conclusion .

The fifth chapter includes discussion and conclusion.

Lastly, references and appendices are added at the end of this report.

Susmita Paudel

An administrative professional in Nepal with having "we can" attitude. She love to share what she has learned.

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