Quantitative and Qualitative Research: An Overview of Approaches

  • First Online: 03 January 2022

Cite this chapter

Book cover

  • Euclid Seeram 5 , 6 , 7  

507 Accesses

In Chap. 1 , the nature and scope of research were outlined and included an overview of quantitative and qualitative research and a brief description of research designs. In this chapter, both quantitative and qualitative research will be described in a little more detail with respect to essential features and characteristics. Furthermore, the research designs used in each of these approaches will be reviewed. Finally, this chapter will conclude with examples of published quantitative and qualitative research in medical imaging and radiation therapy.

  • Quantitative research
  • Non-interventional research designs
  • Interventional research designs
  • Qualitative research

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
  • Durable hardcover edition

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Anvari, A., Halpern, E. F., & Samir, A. E. (2015). Statistics 101 for radiologists. Radiographics, 35 , 1789–1801.

Article   Google Scholar  

Battistelli, A., Portoghese, I., Galletta, M., & Pohl, S. (2013). Beyond the tradition: Test of an integrative conceptual model on nurse turnover. International Nursing Review, 60 (1), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.01024.x

Article   CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices . In Textbooks Collection , 3. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3 . University of South Florida.

Chenail, R. (2011). Ten steps for conceptualizing and conducting qualitative research studies in a pragmatically curious manner. The Qualitative Report, 16 (6), 1713–1730. http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR16-6/chenail.pdf

Google Scholar  

Coyle, M. K. (2012). Depressive symptoms after a myocardial infarction and self-care. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 26 (2), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2011.06.004

Article   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Creswell, J. W., & Guetterman, T. C. (2019). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (6th ed.). Pearson Education.

Curtis, E. A., Comiskey, C., & Dempsey, O. (2016). Importance and use of correlational research. Nurse Researcher, 23 (6), 20–25. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.2016.e1382

Gibson, D. J., & Davidson, R. A. (2012). Exposure creep in computed radiography: A longitudinal study. Academic Radiology, 19 (4), 458–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2011.12.003 . Epub 2012 Jan 5.

Gray, J. R., Grove, S. K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence . Elsevier.

Miles, M., Hubermann, A., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage.

Munhall, P. L. (2012). Nursing research: A qualitative perspective (5th ed.). Jones and Bartlett.

Munn, Z., & Jordan, Z. (2011). The patient experience of high technology medical imaging: A systematic review of the qualitative evidence. JBI Library of Systematic Reviews, 9 (19), 631–678. https://doi.org/10.11124/01938924-201109190-00001

Munn, Z., Pearson, A., Jordan, Z., Murphy, F., & Pilkington, D. (2013). Action research in radiography: What it is and how it can be conducted. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences, 60 (2), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.8

Article   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

O’Regan, T., Robinson, L., Newton-Hughes, A., & Strudwick, R. (2019). A review of visual ethnography: Radiography viewed through a different lens. Radiography, 25 (Supplement 1), S9–S13.

Price, P., Jhangiani, R., & Chiang, I. (2015). Research methods of psychology (2nd Canadian ed.). BC Campus. Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/

Seeram, E., Davidson, R., Bushong, S., & Swan, H. (2015). Education and training required for the digital radiography environment: A non-interventional quantitative survey study of radiologic technologists. International Journal of Radiology & Medical Imaging, 2 , 103. https://doi.org/10.15344/ijrmi/2015/103

Seeram, E., Davidson, R., Bushong, S., & Swan, H. (2016). Optimizing the exposure indicator as a dose management strategy in computed radiography. Radiologic Technology, 87 (4), 380–391.

PubMed   Google Scholar  

Solomon, P., & Draine, J. (2010). An overview of quantitative methods. In B. Thyer (Ed.), The handbook of social work research methods (2nd ed., pp. 26–36). Sage.

Chapter   Google Scholar  

Suchsland, M. Z., Cruz, M. J., Hardy, V., Jarvik, J., McMillan, G., Brittain, A., & Thompson, M. (2020). Qualitative study to explore radiologist and radiologic technologist perceptions of outcomes patients experience during imaging in the USA. BMJ Open, 10 , e033961. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033961

Thomas, L. (2020). An introduction to quasi-experimental designs. Retrieved from Scribbr.com https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quasi-experimental-design/ . Accessed 8 Jan 2021.

University of Lethbridge (Alberta, Canada). (2020). An introduction to action research. https://www.uleth.ca/education/research/research-centers/action-research/introduction . Accessed 12 Jan 2020.

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Euclid Seeram

Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia

Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and affiliations.

Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Burnaby, BC, Canada

Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia

Robert Davidson

Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Andrew England

Mark F. McEntee

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Seeram, E. (2021). Quantitative and Qualitative Research: An Overview of Approaches. In: Seeram, E., Davidson, R., England, A., McEntee, M.F. (eds) Research for Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79956-4_2

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79956-4_2

Published : 03 January 2022

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-030-79955-7

Online ISBN : 978-3-030-79956-4

eBook Packages : Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences (R0)

Share this chapter

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

  • Publish with us

Policies and ethics

  • Find a journal
  • Track your research

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

  • We're Hiring!
  • Help Center

paper cover thumbnail

Chapter 2 Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research

Profile image of zubair arians

Related Papers

BinVa Chang

chapter 2 quantitative research pdf

Abimbola Awotedu

Abla BENBELLAL

Research students usually encounter great difficulties in setting up a viable research project mainly because, on the one hand they lack familiarity with the philosophical underpinnings of major paradigms used in educational research: quantitative, qualitative or mixed, and on the other hand , they do not associate the corresponding research types with these paradigms : experimental, non experimental for the former, and interactive or non interactive for the second and the for the latter whether it is explanatory or exploratory, in addition to the importance of triangulation in any research study . These paradigms determine not only the formulation of the problem chosen for research and the associated research questions or hypothesis but also and more importantly, the sampling procedure as well as the selection of the appropriate research tools and the way the collected data is analysed and discussed. This survey of the major paradigms in educational research and their implications for the design of any research study will hopefully provide them with the necessary guidance to approach their research project with more confidence et more efficiency.

mark vince agacite

Musa N,B BIRMAH

isaac kaudzu

George Argyrous , Glyze Abella

This book aims to help people analyze quantitative information. Before detailing the 'hands-on' analysis we will explore in later chapters, this introductory chapter will discuss some of the background conceptual issues that are precursors to statistical analysis. The chapter begins where most research in fact begins; with research questions. A research question states the aim of a research project in terms of cases of interest and the variables upon which these cases are thought to differ. A few examples of research questions are: 'What is the age distribution of the students in my statistics class?' 'Is there a relationship between the health status of my statistics students and their sex?' 'Is any relationship between the health status and the sex of students in my statistics class affected by the age of the students?' We begin with very clear, precisely stated research questions such as these that will guide the way we conduct research and ensure that we do not end up with a jumble of information that does not create any real knowledge. We need a clear research question (or questions) in mind before undertaking statistical analysis to avoid the situation where huge amounts of data are gathered unnecessarily, and which do not lead to any meaningful results. I suspect that a great deal of the confusion associated with statistical analysis actually arises from imprecision in the research questions that are meant to guide it. It is very difficult to select the relevant type of analysis to undertake, given the many possible analyses we could employ on a given set of data, if we are uncertain of our objectives. If we don't know why we are undertaking research in the first place, then it follows we will not know what to do with research data once we have gathered them. Conversely, if we are clear about the research question(s) we are addressing the statistical techniques to apply follow almost as a matter of course. We can see that each of the research questions above identifies the entities that I wish to investigate. In each question these entities are students in my statistics class, who are thus the units of analysis – the cases of interest – to my study.

Language Teaching Research

Hossein Nassaji

Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology

Biostatistics is part and parcel of biomedical research. The data from biomedical studies require statistical treatment for its effective presentation and correct interpretation. The choice of appropriate statistical methods to be applied depends upon the kind of data and variables. Different types of variables (characteristics) generate different types of data. Variables can be classified in many ways; qualitative and quantitative, nominal and ordinal or discrete and continuous. Different measurement scales are used to measure different types of variables; nominal & ordinal scales for qualitative and interval & ratio scale for quantitative variables. Different statistical methods/tests are employed for presentation and analysis of different types of data. For qualitative data; percentage, proportions, rate, ratios, standard error of proportions, chi-square test etc. are applied. While mean, range, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, correlation coefficient, etc. are emplo...

Rahul Pilani

RELATED PAPERS

Studies in Social Justice

Martyn Reynolds

Welckbeck 1

Revista Musica

Luís Antônio Giron

Revista Brasileira de …

José Guilherme

Robin Workman

Widyo Nugroho

Simon M Hutchinson

Chairil Djaka Kusuma

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Social Science 2021 (iCAST-SS 2021)

santi suryantini

Epilepsy Research

Misty Smith

… de sociología del sistema tecnocientífico

David Casado-Neira

Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift

D. Van Vynckt

Construction and Building Materials

Atakan Aksoy

Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology

Cytotechnology

ESTEVAN GOMEZ

International journal of humanities and social science

osondu obisike

Rahyani Ermawati

The International Journal of Psychoanalysis

Roosevelt Cassorla

Soft Computing

Salman Badr

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Nilüfer VURAL

Alberto Gasco

International Journal of Refrigeration

Sjofn Sigurgísladóttir

See More Documents Like This

  •   We're Hiring!
  •   Help Center
  • Find new research papers in:
  • Health Sciences
  • Earth Sciences
  • Cognitive Science
  • Mathematics
  • Computer Science
  • Academia ©2024

IMAGES

  1. Chapter 2 Sample

    chapter 2 quantitative research pdf

  2. Chapter II

    chapter 2 quantitative research pdf

  3. Example Of Methodology In Research Paper Quantitative

    chapter 2 quantitative research pdf

  4. The Steps of Quantitative Research

    chapter 2 quantitative research pdf

  5. (PDF) Chapter 2 Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research

    chapter 2 quantitative research pdf

  6. Chapter 2

    chapter 2 quantitative research pdf

VIDEO

  1. Lecture 41: Quantitative Research

  2. Quantitative techniques For Manager

  3. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

  4. Quantitative Research Process

  5. Nature of Variables

  6. Quantitative research process

COMMENTS

  1. (PDF) CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

    INTRODUCTION. A review of literature is a classification and evaluation of what accredited scholars and. researchers have written on a topic, organized according to a guiding concept such as a ...

  2. PDF CHAPTER 2 Foundational Concepts for Quantitative Research

    for Quantitative Research CHAPTER2 Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you will be able to do the following: 1. Define basic terms for quantitative research. 2. Describe the research circle. 3. Identify the four major goals of social research. 4. Write a checklist of the W's. 5. Understand the reasons for both reporting and ...

  3. PDF Chapter 2 Review of the Literature

    In a quantitative study plan, use the literature to introduce the study, advance a theory, describe related literature in a separate section, and compare findings. In a mixed methods study, use the literature in a way that is consistent with the major type of strategy and the qualitative or quantitative approach most prevalent in the design.

  4. PDF CHAPTER 2: Literature Review

    CHAPTER 2: Literature Review. This chapter will explore the literature that is relevant to understanding the development of, and interpreting the results of this convergent study. The first two parts of this review of the literature will describe two types of research: research on teaching and research on teachers' conceptions.

  5. PDF Chapter 2

    Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research 33 Quantitative research Research that relies primarily on the collection of quantitative data Mixed research Research that involves the mixing of quantitative and qualitative methods or other paradigm characteristics Determinism All events have causes. Probabilistic cau se Causes that ...

  6. PDF Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research Lecture Notes

    This chapter is our introduction to the three major research methodology paradigms. A paradigm is a perspective based on a set of assumptions, concepts, and values that are held and practiced by a community of researchers. For the most of the 20th century the quantitative paradigm was dominant. During the 1980s, the qualitative paradigm came of ...

  7. PDF Chapter 2 Quantitative and Qualitative Research: An Overview ...

    research designs used in each of these approaches will be reviewed. Finally, this chapter will conclude with examples of published quantitative and qualitative research in medical imaging and radiation therapy. 2.1 What Is Quantitative Research? Quantitative research makes use of the scientic method (Chap. 1) through the application of a dened ...

  8. PDF Introduction to quantitative research

    1.2. Foundations of quantitative research methods 1.2.1. Realism, subjectivism and the 'paradigm wars' Now we have defined quantitative research, it is a good idea to compare it with qualitative research, to which it is usually put in opposition. While quantitative research is based on numerical data analysed statistically, qual-

  9. PDF The Nature of Quantitative Research

    This chapter considers the overall model of quantitative research, its main steps, its main principles and goals, and also its criticisms. It shows that quantitative research is only one possible approach to studying social world, with its own preoccupations, advantages and disadvantages. The Main Steps in Quantitative Research.

  10. PDF Introduction to quantitative research

    The specificity of quantitative research lies in the next part of the defini-tion. In quantitative research we collect numerical data. This is closely connected to the final part of the definition: analysis using mathematically Chapter 1 Introduction to quantitative research 1 9079 Chapter 01 (1-12) 1/4/04 1:18 PM Page 1

  11. PDF Chapter 2 Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research

    This chapter is our introduction to the three research methodology paradigms. A paradigm is a perspective based on a set of assumptions, concepts, and values that are held by a community or researchers. For the most of the 20th century the quantitative paradigm was dominant. During the 1980s, the qualitative paradigm came of age as an ...

  12. PDF Quantitative Social Science: An Introduction

    Using study 2, estimate the average effect of gay canvassing at each subsequent wave and observe how it changes over time. Note that study 2 did not have a fifth or sixth wave, but the seventh wave occurred one year after treatment, as in study 1. Draw an overall conclusion from both study 1 and study 2. Table 2.8.

  13. PDF 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction

    2.1 Introduction. This chapter provides an overview of previous research on knowledge sharing and intranets. It introduces the framework for the case study that comprises the main focus of the research described in this thesis. It is important to set the context of the literature review work by first providing:

  14. Chapter 2 Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research

    Rahul Pilani. Download Free PDF. View PDF. 1 Chapter 2 Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research This chapter is our introduction to the three research methodology paradigms. A paradigm is a perspective based on a set of assumptions, concepts, and values that are held by a community or researchers.

  15. PDF Quantitative Research Methods

    The Quantitative Research Process. The general steps involved in the process of conducting any research study—as dis-cussed in Chapters 1 and 2—are typical for quantitative research studies. In nearly every quantitative study, the steps are followed in sequential order. Furthermore, one

  16. (PDF) Understanding quantitative research: part 2

    NS674 Hoare Z, Hoe J (2012) Understanding quantitative research: part 2. Nursing Standard. 2 7, 18, 48 -55. Date of submission: July 1 2011; date of acceptance: March 2 2012. Abstract. This ...

  17. Chapter 2

    Chapter 2- Introduction to Quantitative Research - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.

  18. PDF Chapter 2 Research design

    12. Chapter 2. Research design. 2.1 INTRODUCTION. The purpose of the research is to explore and describe the experiences of student nurses during their placement in the clinical learning environment. In order to achieve this, an appropriate research design needs to be chosen. In this chapter, the research process and design which include the ...

  19. A Quantitative Study of the Impact of Social Media Reviews on Brand

    the 2010 Pew Research report, the millennial is defined as having been born between 1977 and 1992 (Norén, L. 2011). The reviewers of the millennial generation have a high power of

  20. Chapter 2

    Chapter 2- Quantitative Research - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Chapter 2 example of a Quantitative Research

  21. Chapter 2

    Chapter 2- Example - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. research paper example

  22. Chapter 2- Quantitative research study about readiness of students

    The materials are included in this chapter help in familiarizing information that is relevant and similar to the present study. This chapter presents literatures and studies related to the present research work that guided the researcher in the formulation of the conceptual and theoretical framework of the study. Review Literature. Local

  23. Chapter 1 AND 2 Quantitative Research Paper

    CHAPTER 2 METHOD. Research Design. The researchers used the quantitative descriptive research design in doing the research study. The goal of the study is to know the impacts of discrimaination of grade 12 STEM students' social and mental health in Agusan National High School.