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Medical research articles from across Nature Portfolio

Medical research involves research in a wide range of fields, such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology with the goal of developing new medicines or medical procedures or improving the application of those already available. It can be viewed as encompassing preclinical research (for example, in cellular systems and animal models) and clinical research (for example, clinical trials).

Frequent jumps from human hosts

An analysis of publicly available viral genomes explores the evolutionary dynamics of host jumps and shows that humans are as much a source of viral spillover events to other animals as they are recipients.

• Christophe Dessimoz

Intensive blood pressure control does not lower risk of cardiac conduction system diseases

Intensive blood pressure control has been suggested to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. However, the effect of intensive blood pressure control on cardiac conduction system disease has not been clarified. Our study in older patients with hypertension identified no effect of intensive blood pressure control on cardiac conduction system diseases.

The 10 th Barossa meeting: Cell Signalling to Cancer Medicine

• Winnie L. Kan
• Barbara J. McClure
• Jason A. Powell

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Latest Research and Reviews

A distributed feature selection pipeline for survival analysis using radiomics in non-small cell lung cancer patients

• Benedetta Gottardelli
• Varsha Gouthamchand
• Andrea Damiani

Ocular blood flow in preterm neonates

• Ronald H. Silverman
• Leora Pinto

Impact of drainage retinotomy on surgical outcomes of retinal detachment: insights from the Japan-Retinal Detachment Registry

• Hisashi Fukuyama
• Hiroto Ishikawa
• Shin Yamane

Dietary determinants of overnutrition among hypertensive patients in southwest Ethiopia: an ordinal regression model

• Melaku Gebre
• Girma Alemayehu Beyene

Packaging and containerization of computational methods

Attempts to reproduce the computational steps described in published omics research often fail. This review provides guidelines for the packaging and containerization of software so that readers can use the exact programs used in published work.

• Mohammed Alser
• Brendan Lawlor
• Serghei Mangul

Dupilumab-associated head and neck dermatitis shows a pronounced type 22 immune signature mediated by oligoclonally expanded T cells

Dupilumab-associated head and neck dermatitis has been described in a subset of patients treated with the IL4R-blocker dupilumab. Here the authors characterise the immune cell composition and single-cell transcriptome in comparison with untreated forms of atopic dermatitis in a small cohort showing increases in IL-22-associated genes.

• Christine Bangert
• Natalia Alkon
• Patrick M. Brunner

News and Comment

Evaluating large language models as agents in the clinic.

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked opportunities for healthcare, from information synthesis to clinical decision support. These LLMs are not just capable of modeling language, but can also act as intelligent “agents” that interact with stakeholders in open-ended conversations and even influence clinical decision-making. Rather than relying on benchmarks that measure a model’s ability to process clinical data or answer standardized test questions, LLM agents can be modeled in high-fidelity simulations of clinical settings and should be assessed for their impact on clinical workflows. These evaluation frameworks, which we refer to as “Artificial Intelligence Structured Clinical Examinations” (“AI-SCE”), can draw from comparable technologies where machines operate with varying degrees of self-governance, such as self-driving cars, in dynamic environments with multiple stakeholders. Developing these robust, real-world clinical evaluations will be crucial towards deploying LLM agents in medical settings.

• Nikita Mehandru
• Brenda Y. Miao

Long COVID still has no cure — so these patients are turning to research

With key long COVID trials yet to yield results, people with the condition are trying to change how clinical trials are done.

• Rachel Fairbank

Uniting vision data and more

• Catey Bunce
• Richard Wormald

Mitigating immortal-time bias: exploring osteonecrosis and survival in pediatric ALL - AALL0232 trial insights

• Shyam Srinivasan
• Swaminathan Keerthivasagam

Survey research in perinatal medicine

• Sara Conroy
• Patrick G. Gallagher

A phase 1 dose-escalation study of low-dose lenalidomide maintenance post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation for high-risk acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome

• Ray Mun Koo
• David S. Ritchie

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Last update: 3 hours ago

Study finds e-cigarette users now more likely to quit traditional cigarettes

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Exploring the factors that influence people's ability to detect lies online

The internet has given rise to new forms of deceit and misinformation, including phishing attacks, romance scams and fake news. While many psychological studies have investigated the factors that influence people's ability ...

17 hours ago

Far-UVC light can virtually eliminate airborne virus in an occupied room, study shows

Far-UVC light is a promising new technology for reducing airborne virus levels in occupied indoor spaces, but its effectiveness has not been evaluated in real-life scenarios.

11 hours ago

Medical research news

Ai's ability to detect tumor cells could be key to more accurate bone cancer prognoses.

Researchers at Kyushu University have developed and validated a machine-learning model that can accurately evaluate the density of surviving tumor cells after treatment in pathological images of osteosarcoma—the most prevalent ...

Simulations reveal mechanism behind protein buildup in Parkinson's disease

Researchers have used computational models to understand what drives the accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein, a key culprit in the development of Parkinson's disease.

12 hours ago

New method allows miniature robots and surgical instruments to achieve precise localization inside the body

In the medicine of the future, tiny robots will navigate independently through tissue and medical instruments will indicate their position inside the body during surgery. Both require doctors to be able to localize and control ...

15 hours ago

New insights into aggressive breast cancer and potential treatment options

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is difficult to treat due to its aggressive nature and resistance to chemotherapy. Exciting research published by the University of Southern Denmark sheds light on the mechanisms that ...

Scientists link certain gut bacteria to lower heart disease risk

Changes in the gut microbiome have been implicated in a range of diseases including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. Now, a team of researchers at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard along with ...

16 hours ago

Scientists reveal adipocytes' metabolic role and identify treatment targets

Recent research underscores the critical role of adipocytes in storing fat, vital for organismal survival. Dysfunctional adipocytes can lead to metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, highlighting ...

Early cortical remyelination has a neuroprotective effect in multiple sclerosis, study shows

Multiple sclerosis is a heterogeneous disease whose manifestations vary considerably from patient to patient and whose course appears, on the surface, unpredictable. Hence, it is crucial to identify the factors that drive ...

New study maps a group of rare genetic diseases for the first time

Behind the term ectodermal dysplasia lies a wide range of genetic disorders that can have a major impact on patients' lives and quality of life. Some cannot sweat, others are born with missing or cone-shaped teeth, while ...

Study finds triple-negative breast cancer tumors with increased immune cells have lower risk of recurrence after surgery

A new multicenter, international study suggests that people who have early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and high levels of immune cells within their tumors may have a lower risk of recurrence and better survival ...

Study finds AI empowers patients before and after seeing physicians for radiation oncology treatment

Cancer patients about to undergo radiation oncology treatment have lots of questions. Could ChatGPT be the best way to get answers?

Investigators develop novel treatment for T-cell leukemias and lymphomas

A novel treatment for leukemias and lymphomas that arise from immune system T cells, developed by investigators at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and its Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, was found to be effective ...

New study seeks hereditary causes of childhood cancer

Follow-up and treatment of children with cancer is significantly improved when inherited genetic causes are also investigated, according to a new Swedish study. The results of the research involving some 50 researchers and ...

Novel compound AC102 restores hearing in preclinical models of sudden hearing loss

A single application of the novel compound AC102 almost completely restores noise-induced hearing loss in preclinical models. This is the key finding of a recent publication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ...

Infant gut microbes have their own circadian rhythm: Study finds diet has little impact on how the microbiome assembles

Infant gut microbiomes oscillate with a circadian rhythm, even when they are cultivated outside of the body. Researchers report in the journal Cell Host & Microbe that the rhythm is detectable as early as two weeks after ...

World's most powerful MRI scans first images of human brain

The world's most powerful MRI scanner has delivered its first images of human brains, reaching a new level of precision that is hoped will shed more light on our mysterious minds—and the illnesses that haunt them.

19 hours ago

Gene analysis generates spatial map of intestinal cells and traces their trajectories during gut inflammation

Cells within the intestines perform various roles including nutrient absorption, sensing, and maintaining homeostasis. Certain chronic disorders are distinctly characterized by gut inflammation, which disrupts intestinal ...

New insights into how tumors on adrenal glands develop

Researchers from Kyushu University's Faculty of Medical Sciences report on new insights into the mechanisms of how adrenal gland tumors are formed. The team identified a new type of tumor cell population that they termed ...

Dogs may provide new insights into human aging and cognition

The quest to understand intelligence and unravel the workings of the mind has always been considered the holy grail of natural sciences. While we're still uncovering many mysteries, animals can provide valuable insights into ...

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