national credit act essay for business studies

NCA Explained

What is the nca.

The National Credit Act (NCA) was signed into law by the President on 15 March 2005, and governs the assessment, application and maintenance of credit granted by a credit provider to a consumer within the Republic of South Africa.

The NCA must be read in conjunction with the Regulations passed in terms of the Act.

The NCA has updated areas of the law that were contained in the Credit Agreements Act, the Usury Act and other legislation that were cumbersome, ineffective and subject to abuse or obsolete.

It replaced three pieces of legislation:

• the Usury Act, 1968
• the Integration of Usury Laws Act, 1996 (i.e. the Exemption Notice to the Usury Act exempts microloans (loans of less than R10,000) from the Usury Act and allows microloans to operate outside of certain requirements of the Usury Act)
• the Credit Agreements Act 1980.

The Usury Act governed leasing, credit and money lending transactions.

The NCA also makes amendments to other legislation.

What is the purpose of the NCA?

Some of the main purposes of this Act are to:

• Promote and advance the social and economic welfare of South Africans;
• Promote a fair, non-discriminatory, controlled, competent, sustainable, responsible, efficient and accessible credit marketplace;
• Simplify and standardise the manner in which information is disclosed in credit agreements;
• To regulate credit bureaux and the information they keep on record about consumers;
• To ensure that all credit products are handled in the same way by different credit providers;
• To assist over-indebted consumers to restrict their debt;
• To have a regulator to regulate the entire credit market, being the National Credit Regulator;
• To establish the National Consumer Tribunal to adjudicate matters relating to the Act.

Which persons fall within the scope of the NCA?

• Credit providers offering credit in excess of a prescribed threshold / volume;
• Consumers – all individuals, trust, juristic persons [e.g. companies, close corporations partnerships and an association of persons], however not all sections apply to juristic persons.

Credit providers include:

• Micro lenders
• Retailers such as furniture and clothing stores
• All businesses, companies, close corporations, partnerships and individuals who do business on credit, provide loans or charge interest on overdue accounts, and
• Who offer credit within the prescribed threshold values in terms of the Act.

Consumers include:

• Natural person (individuals)
• Certain juristic persons [e.g. companies, close corporations, trusts (with more than three individual trustees), partnerships and an association of persons] whose asset value or annual turnover, together with the combined asset value or annual turnover of all related juristic persons, at the time the agreement is made, equals or exceeds the threshold as determined by the Minister in terms of section 7(1) of the Act, which threshold value is currently R1 million.
• Debt Counsellors
• Credit Bureaux.

What were the drivers behind the NCA?

The NCA was introduced to:

• Promote and advance the economic and social welfare of all South Africans;
• Promote a fair and transparent credit market;
• Promote consumers and their rights in the credit market;
• Regulate all credit providers, debt counsellors and credit bureau;
• Limit the cost of credit;
• Create a standard in the way in which credit is granted by credit providers in order for consumers to compare what is being offered.

What is reckless credit?

Reckless credit means credit granted to a consumer under a credit agreement where the credit provider:

• Failed to carry out a proper credit risk assessment to ensure that the consumer can afford the loan;
• Proceeds to grant a loan to the consumer despite the consumer not being able to afford the loan based on the assessment conducted; and
• The consumer does not understand his/her rights and obligations in a credit agreement as well as the costs involved in taking the loan.

Only a court can declare an agreement reckless on the request of either the debt counsellor or the consumer. The Court can suspend the credit agreement that has been declared reckless or change the terms and conditions of the agreement.

If a credit agreement is found to be reckless, the credit provider cannot enforce the agreement and the obligations of the consumer are set aside.

The reckless credit provisions in the NCA are dealt with in Chapter 3 – Part D and are only applicable to consumers who are not juristic persons.

What is over-indebtedness?

A consumer is over-indebted when he/she does not have the means to meet all his/her debt repayments and his/her expenditure exceeds his/her income.

Consumer education to make informed choices and be able to manage their debt will assist consumers to avoid over-indebtedness.

What are the most common causes of over-indebtedness?

There are various reasons for over-indebtedness, including the following:

• Over-committing oneself financially;
• Poor monthly budgeting;
• Purchasing on impulse when he/she has already incurred other debt;
• Change in personal circumstances or life stages such as having a child or going through a divorce;
• Purchasing essentials such as food on one’s credit card;
• Conversion of short-term debt (e.g. credit card debt) to long-term debt (e.g. home loan) to increase your monthly cash flow, but increases your interest debt in the long term;
• Making application for credit in your name on behalf of a third party;
• Standing surety for a third party who may default on his/her repayments resulting in you being responsible for the third party’s debt.

If you need to apply for credit, ensure you approach a registered and reputable credit provider.

What is a credit agreement?

A credit agreement is an agreement entered into between a credit provider and a consumer in which the credit provider supplies goods or services or lends money to the consumers.

The NCA requires that, before a credit agreement is entered into, the bank must provide the consumer with a pre-agreement statement and quotation.

A pre-agreement statement is a document that details the terms and conditions of the credit agreement that the credit provider intends entering into with the consumer.

A quotation is a document which discloses the principal debt, the interest rate, the total amount payable under the agreement, the installments and all fees, charges and interest i.e. the costs of credit.

Which products fall under the NCA?

• Personal loans
• Business loans depending on threshold values applicable to the consumer, i.e. juristic persons
• Credit cards
• Asset-based finance:
• Installment sale agreements
• Lease agreements

Does the NCA, in any way, have an impact on commercial property lending and the insurance on these properties being done by banks?

The NCA does not apply to a large agreement entered into between the bank and a consumer that is a juristic person whose asset value or annual turnover at the time of the agreement equals or exceeds a threshold value of R1m.

For the purposes of this question, a credit agreement is a large agreement if it is a mortgage agreement.

Therefore, the NCA will not apply to commercial property lending, unless the consumer is a natural person.

If the lending is not subject to the NCA, the credit insurance on the property will also not be subject to the NCA.

What is an affordability assessment and how will a credit provider determine affordability for credit?

An affordability assessment is an evaluation process conducted by a credit provider on a consumer to determine whether or not credit will be granted to the consumer. The affordability assessment will determine whether or not the consumer will be able to afford his/her obligations under a credit agreement.

The consumer must answer any requests for information made by the credit provider as part of the credit assessment fully and truthfully.

If the consumer is married in community of property, the affordability assessment will be conducted on both the consumer and his/her spouse.

The affordability assessment includes as assessment of the consumer’s income, expenses, debt repayments, history of debt repayment and credit information via access to the credit bureau record of the consumer.

Credit information retained by the Credit Bureau in terms of the Act includes the following:

• Credit history of the consumer, including details of:
• Credit agreements signed;
• Repayment history; and
• If the consumer is/was under debt review
• A consumer’s financial history
• Past and current income
• Assets and liabilities
• Payment information regarding continuous services
• Any information that is need to identify credit fraud
• Information on payments made by a consumer whether the debt was ceded
• Any other information provided the consumer has given his permission for this information to be sent to the credit bureau and provided the credit provider has informed the consumer what
• the information will be used for.

What additional information must a client provide on his or her credit application form?

It is important that the client provides complete and accurate information regarding his/her income and expenditure when completing his/her application form.

The following information must be provided:

• Monthly income with proof thereof
• Monthly expenses (such as groceries, rent, travel costs and school fees)
• Monthly financial responsibilities (home loan payments, study loans, vehicle finance, etc)

The following additional information must be provided:

• Age of applicant
• Solvency status
• Whether applicant is under, or has applied for, debt review, judicial management, curatorship
• Whether applicant is party to any other credit agreements
• Whether applicant has a commercial purpose for applying for the loan
• Whether applicant requests an annual limit increases (where applicable)

Marketing options:

• Completion of specific declarations regarding the information supplied (e.g. client warrants that all questions are answered truthfully and honestly), and consent to the provider to access the consumer’s credit bureau records for purposes where such consent is required in terms of the Act.

How will existing credit limits be affected?

Existing clients, who entered into credit agreements prior to the enactment of the NCA will be impacted by the NCA by a change in service fees. Certain fees that were standard practice (such as early-settlement or administration fees) cannot be charged within the ambit of the NCA. Where an existing client amends a contract or requests further credit, he/she will be subject to the NCA and an affordability assessment will be conducted in respect of the further credit application.

Can a client still request a temporary limit increase?

Yes, subject to the requirements as contained in section 119(2) the NCA.

What is debt counselling and how can I apply for it?

Debt counselling is a process intended those who are over-indebted find a solution.

If you think you are financially overcommitted, please contact your credit provider and request an informal debt review.

Clients who are unable to meet their financial commitments may apply to a registered debt counsellor for a proposed resolution. A debt counsellor must be registered with the National Credit Regulator.

The debt counsellor will assist in the client to re-arrange/restructure his debt obligations in negotiation with his/her credit providers, based on how much the consumer can afford to pay towards his/her debt each month.

If the debt counselling process is unsuccessful, the credit provider will have no alternative but to institute debt enforcement proceedings in terms of the NCA.

If a debt counsellor finds that a client is indeed over-indebted, a proposal can be recommended to the client and his or her credit providers for repayment of the debt. If there is any disagreement with the proposal, the matter will be heard by the magistrate’s court, which in turn may restructure the client’s debt by:

• extending the term of any agreement;
• postponing payments;
• extending the period of the agreement and postpone during a specific period the dates on which payments are due under the agreement
• recalculating the consumer’s obligations as a result of unlawful provisions in the credit agreements or unlawful fees and charges debited to the consumer’s account.

Business Studies Grade 12 Essays Questions and Answers pdf

Business Studies Grade 12 Essays Questions and Answers pdf:

Table of Contents

Business Studies Grade 12 Essays Questions and Answers

Legislations essay questions.

Question 1:

The Labour Relations Act (LRA), 1995 (Act 66 of 1995) is a critical piece of legislation that outlines the rights of employees in the workplace. It is expected that businesses have a thorough understanding of this Act to implement it effectively. Many businesses seek legal advice to ensure compliance and avoid penalties for non-compliance with the LRA.

• Outline the rights of employees in terms of the Labour Relations Act , which include the right to join a trade union, engage in collective bargaining, and strike. It also prohibits unfair labour practices like discrimination and unfair dismissal procedures.
• Explain the purpose of the Labour Relations Act , which is to promote and regulate sound labour relations to contribute to economic growth and social development by establishing fair labour practices and procedures.
• Discuss the impact of the Labour Relations Act on businesses , which require compliance with certain procedures and practices to protect the rights of employees, conduct negotiations with trade unions, follow fair dismissal procedures, and ensure no unfair labour practices occur. Failure to comply with the Act may result in penalties, such as fines, compensation for affected employees, and legal action, which may damage the business’s reputation and negatively affect employee morale and productivity.
• Advise businesses on the penalties they may face for non-compliance with the LRA , which may include fines, compensation for affected employees, and legal costs. Non-compliance may also lead to reputational damage and negatively affect employee morale and productivity.

Question 2:

The National Credit Act (NCA), 2005 (Act 34 of 2005) provides a framework to regulate the credit market. It protects the rights of consumers and provides guidelines on how businesses should comply with this Act. Businesses may face penalties for not complying with the National Credit Act.

Write an essay on the National Credit Act in which you include the following aspects:

• Outline the rights of consumers in terms of the National Credit Act.
• Discuss the impact of the NCA on businesses.
• Explain ways in which businesses could comply with the NCA.
• Advise businesses on the penalties they may face for non-compliance to the Act.

Human Resources Function

The human resources manager is responsible for compiling the job description and job specification. Suitable candidates can be recruited internally using various recruitment sources. The interviewees should be familiar with their role during the interview. Businesses must ensure that the employment contract complies with the legal requirements of employment.

Write an essay on the human resources function in which you include the following human resources activities:

• Outline the differences between job description and job specification.
• Discuss the impact of internal recruitment on a business.
• Explain the role of the interviewee during the interview.
• Advise businesses on the legal requirements of the employment contract.

Business Function: Quality of Performance

Businesses implement quality control and quality assurance processes to produce high quality products. They also enjoy the benefits of a high-quality management system. Continuous skills development and total client satisfaction contribute towards the effective implementation of total quality management (TQM). Other businesses prefer to use the services of quality circles to achieve the desired outcome. Write an essay on quality of performance in which you include the following aspects:

• Outline the differences between quality control and quality assurance.
• Explain the benefits of a good quality management system.
• Continuous skills development/Education and training
• Total client/customer satisfaction
• Advise businesses on the role of quality circles as part of continuous improvement to processes and systems. [40]

Business Venture: Management and Leadership

Effective management and leadership play an important role in achieving business goals. Many leaders follow the transformational leadership theory as a guide to lead their employees. Others use the democratic and autocratic leadership styles in the workplace. Some leaders agree that the role of personal attitude is important for successful leadership.

• Write an essay on management and leadership in which you include the following aspects:
• Outline the differences between management and leadership.
• Explain the transformational leadership theory.
• Advise businesses on the role of personal attitude in successful leadership.[40]

Investment Securities

BUSINESS VENTURES (INVESTMENT: SECURITIES) Investing in a fixed deposit provides investors the opportunity to decide whether they want to receive simple interest or compound interest. Investors must also consider various types of shares before making investment decisions. Some invest in companies that are listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE).

Write an essay on investment securities in which you include the following aspects:

• Outline the differences between simple interest and compound interest.
• Explain the advantages of a fixed deposit as a form of investment.
• Discuss any THREE types of shares.
• Advise businesses on the functions of the Johannesburg Securities Exchange

Business Roles: Creative and Problem-solving

Businesses need to identify problems that affect their operations in order to make informed decisions. They must also create an environment that promotes creative thinking to enjoy the benefits of creativity in the workplace. The Delphi technique and the force-field analysis enable businesses to solve complex business problems.

• Write an essay on creative thinking and problem-solving in which you include the following aspects:
• Outline the differences between problem-solving and decision-making.
• Explain ways in which businesses can create an environment that promotes creative thinking in the workplace.
• Discuss the advantages of creative thinking in the workplace.
• Delphi technique
• Force-field analysis

BUSINESS ROLES (DIVERSITY AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT)

Businesses employ people who have different ways of doing things, which may lead to conflict. It is important that businesses identify diversity issues and find ways to deal with them. Businesses should be well informed about handling conflict in the workplace.

Write an essay on the following aspects:

• Discuss the benefits of a diverse work force.
• Suggest ways in which businesses may deal with language and age as diversity issues in the workplace.
• Explain the causes of conflict in the workplace.
• Advise businesses on how they should handle conflict in the workplace.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS (LEGISLATION)

The Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act (BBBEE), 2003 (Act 53 of 2003) (amended in 2013) was introduced to overcome the challenges of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE). Businesses are now compelled to comply with this Act.

You specialise in guiding businesses on the implementation of BBBEE. Write an essay on the following aspects:

• Distinguish between BEE and BBBEE.
• Evaluate the impact of BBBEE on businesses.
• Management control
• Enterprise and supplier development
• Advise businesses on penalties they could face for non-compliance with the BBBEE.

List of Business Studies Grade 12 Essays Exam Questions and Answers from previous years

Business management grade 12 question and answers online quizzes.

Revise all the topics under Business Management Grade 12 subject, using test quizzes based on the exam questions below:

• Quiz: Term 1: Macro Environment: Impact of Recent Legislations Quiz
• Quiz: Term 1: Human Resources Function
• Quiz: Term 1: Ethics and Professionalism
• Quiz: Term 1: Creative Thinking
• Quiz: Term 1: Macro Environment: Business Strategies
• Quiz: Term 2: Corporate Social Responsibility
• Quiz: Term 2: Human Rights, Inclusivity and Environmental Issues
• Quiz: Term 2: Team Performance Assessment, Conflict Management, and Problem-Solving
• Quiz: Term 2: Business Sectors and their Environments
• Quiz: Term 2: Leadership and Management
• Quiz: Term 2: Quality of Performance
• Quiz: Term 3: Investment – Securities
• Quiz: Term 3: Investment – Insurance
• Quiz: Term 3: Forms of Ownership
• Quiz: Term 3: Presentation and Data Response

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National Credit Act [NCA]

Business Studies - Explanation of the National Credit Act [NCA]

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BUSINESS STUDIES GRADE 12 QUESTIONS - NSC EXAMS PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2020

BUSINESS STUDIES GRADE 12 NOVEMBER 2020 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.

• This question paper consists of THREE sections and covers all FOUR main topics. SECTION A:COMPULSORY SECTION B:Consists of FIVE questions Answer any THREE of the five questions in this section. SECTION C:Consists of FOUR questions Answer any TWO of the four questions in this section.
• Read the instructions for each question carefully and take particular note of what is required. Note that ONLY the first THREE questions in SECTION B and the first TWO questions in SECTION C will be marked.
• Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. NO marks will be awarded for answers that are numbered incorrectly.
• Except where other instructions are given, answers must be in full sentences.
• Use the mark allocation and nature of each question to determine the length and depth of an answer.
• Begin the answer to EACH question on a NEW page, e.g. QUESTION 1 – new page, QUESTION 2 – new page.
• You may use a non-programmable calculator.
• Write neatly and legibly.

SECTION A (COMPULSORY) QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.11 D. 1.1.1 This Act requires businesses to check customers' financial backgrounds before granting loans to them:

• Consumer Protection Act (CPA), 2008 (Act 68 of 2008)
• Labour Relations Act (LRA), 1995 (Act 66 of 1995)
• Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998)
• National Credit Act (NCA), 2005 (Act 34 of 2005)

1.1.2 Businesses may lose many clients when their prices are increased because of an increase in the interest rate. This is an example of the … factor as a PESTLE element.

• technological
• environmental

1.1.3 Golden Supermarket operates in the … sector as they sell groceries to consumers.

1.1.4 Zaza Hospice is an example of a … company as it receives donations that enables it to take care of terminally ill people.

• state-owned

1.1.5 Gugu Enterprises invested R5 000 for three years at 12% simple interest per year. They will receive an amount of … as interest at the end of the investment period.

1.1.6 Suresh applied the … leadership theory when he inspired and motivated his team to change their perceptions of their work.

• leaders and followers
• transactional
• situational
• transformational

1.1.7 A business requests a panel of experts to complete a set of questionnaires to solve a complex problem. This refers to …

• a brainstorming session.
• the Delphi technique.
• the empty-chair technique.
• forced combinations.

1.1.8 Paul's right to … was violated when the manager disclosed his personal problems to other staff members without his permission.

• information

1.1.9 The … outlines the minimum requirements that a human resources manager must consider when a salary package is offered to a new employee.

• Skills Development Act
• Labour Relations Act
• Employment Equity Act
• Basic Conditions of Employment Act

1.1.10 The … function uses an aggressive advertising campaign to increase sales.

• public relations
• administration
• financial (10 x 2)

(20) 1.2 Complete the following statements by using the word(s) in the list below. Write only the word(s) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. video; problem-solving; aggressive; selection; PESTLE; telephonic; recruitment; SWOT; PDCA; quiet 1.2.1 Real African Traders compiled a … analysis to identify challenges in their internal environment. 1.2.2 Sizani Lawyers use webcams on their laptops and tablets to conduct meetings. This is known as ... conferencing. 1.2.3 John's manager encourages him to give his inputs as a strategy to deal with his … personality. 1.2.4 Businesses apply the … cycle to continuously improve on their processes and systems. 1.2.5 One of the activities of the … procedure is to place advertisements on appropriate media platforms. (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches a term in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–J) next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.3.6 K.

(5 x 2) (10) TOTAL SECTION A: 40

SECTION B Answer ANY THREE questions in this section. NOTE:  Clearly indicate the QUESTION NUMBER of each question that you choose. The answer to EACH question must start on a NEW page, e.g. QUESTION 2 on a NEW page, QUESTION 3 on a NEW page.

QUESTION 2: BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS 2.1 Identify the type of defensive strategy that Mega Constructions applied in EACH statement below: 2.1.1 Mega Constructions sold all their assets in order to pay their creditors. 2.1.2 They terminated the employment contracts of many employees to reduce costs. 2.1.3 Management decided to close their unproductive information technology department. (6) 2.2 List THREE business environments and state the extent of control that businesses have over EACH environment. Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 2.2.

(6) 2.3 Outline the purpose of the Labour Relations Act (LRA), 1995 (Act 66 of 1995). (8) 2.4 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. PUMZA UNIQUE CAKES (PUC) Pumza Unique Cakes specialises in designing birthday cakes. Pumza scanned the environment as part of the strategic management process. She only needed a small amount of capital to start her business. Sam Wholesalers is the only provider in the area from whom she buys her baking ingredients. 2.4.1 Identify TWO forces of Porter's Five Forces model that are applicable to PUC. Motivate your answer by quoting from the scenario above. Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 2.4.1.

(6) 2.4.2 Explain to Pumza how she can apply the strategic management process. Do NOT refer to environmental scanning. (6) 2.5 Discuss any TWO types of diversification strategies.(6) 2.6 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. COMPUTER TECH (CT) The management of Computer Tech complies with the Consumer Protection Act (CPA), 2008 (Act 68 of 2008). They allow customers to shop around for the best prices. Customers are also given a written warranty with their purchases. 2.6.1 Identify TWO consumer rights, according to the Consumer Protection Act (CPA), applied by CT. Motivate your answer by quoting from the scenario above. Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 2.6.1.

(6) 2.6.2 Explain the disadvantages of the Consumer Protection Act for CT as a business. (4) 2.7 Discuss any TWO provisions of leave as stipulated in the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA), 1997 (Act 75 of 1997). (6) 2.8 Suggest ways in which businesses can comply with the Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998). (6) [60]

QUESTION 3: BUSINESS VENTURES 3.1 State FOUR types of shares. (4) 3.2 Outline the aspects to be considered when designing a multimedia presentation. (6) 3.3 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. PHIWE'S PRESENTATION Phiwe, a marketing manager, is planning to present his business sales figures to various stakeholders. He intends to distribute hand-outs at the beginning of his presentation. Phiwe also wants to use graphs and tables to display the projected sales of his department. 3.3.1 Give THREE examples of visual aids in the scenario above. (3) 3.3.2 Explain to Phiwe the factors he should consider when preparing a presentation. Do NOT refer to the use of visual aids. (6) 3.4 Elaborate on the meaning of average clause. (6) 3.5 Distinguish between leadership and management. (4) 3.6 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. JANNIE'S DESIGNS (JD) Jannie's Designs are well-known for their fashionable ladies designs. Jannie allows his team to work independently as long as they comply with his business policy. 3.6.1 Identify Jannie's leadership style. Motivate your answer by quoting from the scenario above. (3) 3.6.2 Evaluate the impact of the leadership style identified in QUESTION 3.6.1, on businesses. (6) 3.7 Explain the functions of the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE). (8) 3.8 Discuss the advantages of a state-owned company. (6) 3.9 Advise businesses on how the following factors could contribute to the success and/or failure of a partnership: 3.9.1 Management (4) 3.9.2 Legislation (4) [60]

QUESTION 4: BUSINESS ROLES 4.1 Mention FOUR causes of conflict in the workplace. (4) 4.2 Outline the correct procedure to deal with grievances in the workplace. (8) 4.3 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. PHAPHAMA ROAD REPAIRS (PRR) Reshma, Kevin and Mandla are working together as a team on the Phaphama Road Repairs project. They appreciate the knowledge and skills of other team members. Reshma, a team leader, always provides quality feedback to improve the morale of the team. 4.3.1 Identify TWO criteria for successful teams applied by PRR. Motivate your answer by quoting from the scenario above. Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 4.3.1.

(6) 4.3.2 Explain to Reshma's team any TWO stages of team development. (6) 4.4 Discuss the positive impact of corporate social investment (CSI) on businesses. (8) 4.5 Describe the responsibilities of employees in promoting human health and safety in the workplace. (6) 4.6 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. VUKA WELLNESS SPA (VWS) The therapists of Vuka Wellness Spa occasionally spend time on personal issues during office hours. Anne, the financial manager, uses the petty cash of the business without permission to pay for her personal expenses. 4.6.1 Identify TWO types of unethical business practices displayed by VWS's employees. Motivate your answer by quoting from the scenario above. Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 4.6.1.

(6) 4.6.2 Suggest ways in which VWS could conduct their business practices in a professional, responsible, ethical and effective manner. (6) 4.7 Explain how businesses can apply transparency as a King Code principle for good corporate governance. (4) 4.8 Recommend ways in which businesses could promote social rights in the workplace. (6) [60]

QUESTION 5: BUSINESS OPERATIONS 5.1 Name FIVE sources of internal recruitment. (5) 5.2 Elaborate on the meaning of screening as part of the selection procedure. (4) 5.3 Outline the placement procedure as an activity of the human resources function. (4) 5.4 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. IMPALA CONSTRUCTION (IC) Impala Construction advertised a vacancy for a production manager. The successful applicant will receive a remuneration package which includes a medical aid, pension fund and a housing allowance. The management of IC invited shortlisted candidates to attend the interview. 5.4.1 Give THREE examples of fringe benefits offered by IC in the scenario above. (3) 5.4.2 Discuss the impact of fringe benefits on IC as a business. (8) 5.5 Explain TWO salary determination methods that businesses could apply to remunerate their employees. (6) 5.6 Identify the business function that is responsible for performing the activity described in EACH statement below: 5.6.1 The allocation of business resources to achieve long-term plans. 5.6.2 The implementation and maintenance of stock control systems to ensure the security of stock. (4) 5.7 Distinguish between quality control and quality assurance. (4) 5.8 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. EXCLUSIVE RESTAURANT LIMITED (ERL) Exclusive Restaurant Limited ensures that all their activities are well scheduled to avoid the duplication of tasks. Their chefs are sent on advanced cooking courses regularly to learn more about healthy cooking methods. 5.8.1 Quote TWO ways in which total quality management (TQM) reduces the cost of quality in the scenario above. (2) 5.8.2 Explain other ways in which TQM can reduce the cost of quality. (6) 5.9 Discuss the benefits of a good quality management system. (8) 5.10 Evaluate the impact of total client/customer satisfaction on large businesses. (6) [60]

QUESTION 6: MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS 6.1 List THREE pillars of the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act (BBBEE), 2003 (Act 53 of 2003). (3) 6.2 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. CRYSTAL WATER (CW) Crystal Water sells bottled water in North West. The management of CW opened a branch in Mpumalanga due to the high demand for bottled water. 6.2.1 Identify the type of intensive strategy that CW applied. Motivate your answer by quoting from the scenario above. (3) 6.2.2 Outline TWO advantages of intensive strategies for CW as a business. (4) 6.3 Advise businesses on the steps they should consider when evaluating a strategy. (6)

BUSINESS VENTURES 6.4 Outline TWO characteristics of a sole proprietor. (4) 6.5 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. Andile invested R1 000 in RSA Retail Savings bonds for 36 months based on his personal needs. He will receive interest twice a year. A financial expert advised him to also consider investing in unit trusts. 6.5.1 Identify TWO factors that Andile considered when he invested in RSA Retail Savings bonds. Motivate your answer by quoting from the scenario above. Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 6.5.1.

(6) 6.5.2 Explain to Andile the advantages of investing in unit trusts. (4)

BUSINESS ROLES 6.6 State TWO economic rights of employees in the workplace. (2) 6.7 Identify the diversity issue that Mazala Butchery considered in EACH statement below: 6.7.1 The management of Mazala Butchery ensures that employees are not discriminated against based on the colour of their skin. 6.7.2 Special facilities are provided for employees who use wheelchairs. 6.7.3 Staff meetings are conducted only in English, as stipulated in their business policy. (6) 6.8 Discuss ways in which businesses could protect the environment and human health in the workplace. (6)

BUSINESS OPERATIONS 6.9 Outline TWO quality indicators of the production function. (4) 6.10 Explain the impact of TQM if it is poorly implemented by businesses. (4) 6.11 Distinguish between job description and job specification. (8) [60] TOTAL SECTION B:180

SECTION C Answer ANY TWO questions in this section. NOTE:  Clearly indicate the QUESTION NUMBER of each question chosen. The answer to EACH question must start on a NEW page, for e.g. QUESTION 7 on a NEW page, QUESTION 8 on a NEW page.

QUESTION 7: BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS (LEGISLATION) The government has established Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs) to ensure effective implementation of the Skills Development Act (SDA), 1998 (Act 97 of 1998). The National Skills Development Strategy (NSDS) is aimed at achieving the purpose of the SDA. Businesses are required to comply with this Act. As an expert on recent legislation, write an essay on the following SDA aspects:

• Outline the role of SETAs in supporting the Skills Development Act.
• Explain the purpose of the National Skills Development Strategy.
• Evaluate the impact of the SDA on businesses.
• Suggest ways in which businesses can comply with the SDA.

QUESTION 8: BUSINESS VENTURES (INSURANCE) Businesses take out insurance policies as they operate in high-risk environments. They also realise that some risks cannot be insured. Businesses must be well informed of the principles of insurance before signing an insurance contract. They benefit from compulsory insurance as they do not have to pay out certain claims. Write an essay on insurance in which you include the following aspects:

• Outline the differences between insurable and non-insurable risks. Give TWO examples of each.
• Indemnity/Indemnification
• Security/Certainty
• Discuss THREE types of compulsory insurance.
• Advise businesses on the advantages of insurance for businesses.

QUESTION 9: BUSINESS ROLES (PROBLEM-SOLVING AND CREATIVE THINKING) The business environment is dynamic and requires businesses to be innovative in their approaches. The force-field analysis and nominal group techniques can be applied during the problem-solving process. Many businesses strive to create an environment that promotes creative thinking in the workplace. Write an essay on problem-solving and creative thinking in which you address the following aspects:

• Elaborate on the differences between decision-making and problem-solving.
• Force-field analysis
• Nominal group technique
• Explain the advantages of creative thinking in the workplace.
• Suggest ways in which businesses can create an environment that promotes creative thinking in the workplace.

QUESTION 10: BUSINESS OPERATIONS (HUMAN RESOURCES) An engineer at Hendricks Civil Engineers (HCE) recently terminated his employment contract. HCE is considering advertising this position externally. The human resources manager will prepare for the interview and also develop the induction programme. Keeping the above scenario in mind, write an essay on human resources referring to the following aspects:

• Elaborate on the reasons for the termination of an employment contract.
• Explain the impact of external recruitment on HCE as a business.
• Discuss the role of the interviewer while preparing for an interview.
• Advise HCE on the benefits of induction.

[40] TOTAL SECTION C:80 GRAND TOTAL:300

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Understanding the National Credit Act (NCA) for your Business

The National Credit Act (NCA) , which became effective in March 2005 in South Africa, is a pivotal piece of legislation for businesses involved in credit provision. It streamlines previous disparate laws under a unified framework, ensuring credit transactions are fair, transparent, and equitable. This Act is essential for companies offering credit or lending money, including banks, micro-lenders, and retailers.

Business Relevance:

• Credit Provision: The NCA is applicable if your business extends credit beyond certain thresholds or volumes, influencing a wide range of sectors from financial institutions to retail.  
• Credit Agreements: It covers various credit agreements, including loans, credit facilities, and leasing deals, necessitating clear, standardised information disclosure to consumers.  
• Regulatory Compliance: Businesses must adhere to the NCA’s provisions on conducting affordability assessments, avoiding reckless credit, and ensuring transparent credit reporting.  

Implications for Business:

• Consumer Protection Focus: The Act emphasises protecting consumers against over-indebtedness and exploitation, requiring businesses to conduct thorough affordability assessments before granting credit.  
• Operational Adjustments: To comply with the NCA, businesses need to align their credit application, assessment processes, and information disclosure practices with the requirements.  
• Credit Market Impact: The Act seeks to foster a fair and accessible credit market, potentially affecting your business’s credit offerings, pricing, and competition.  

Steps to take:

• Risk Management: Ensure your business’s credit practices are compliant with the NCA to avoid legal penalties and reputational damage.  
• Credit Strategy: Evaluate your credit offerings and customer engagement strategies in light of NCA requirements to remain competitive and compliant.  
• Customer Education: Consider initiatives to educate your customers about their rights and obligations under credit agreements to promote transparency and trust.  

Operational Considerations:

• Affordability Assessments: Implement robust systems to accurately assess consumer affordability, keeping in mind the comprehensive criteria set out by the NCA.  
• Documentation and Reporting: Ensure all credit agreements and consumer interactions are well-documented and compliant with the NCA’s requirements for transparency and disclosure.  
• Monitoring and Compliance: Regularly review and update your credit policies and procedures to align with evolving NCA regulations and guidelines.   
• Legal Support: The Corporate & Commercial team at Barnard regularly assists businesses in the assessment and structuring of credit provision and management processes that are both compliant and strategic.  

For more information on registering as a credit provider,  click here .

The National Credit Act plays a critical role in shaping the credit landscape in South Africa. Businesses engaged in credit provision must understand and adapt to its requirements to ensure compliance, maintain customer trust, and navigate the competitive credit market effectively. Adopting a proactive approach to NCA compliance can also offer strategic advantages, enhancing your business’s reputation and long-term sustainability in the credit sector.  

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Classroom Q&A

With larry ferlazzo.

In this EdWeek blog, an experiment in knowledge-gathering, Ferlazzo will address readers’ questions on classroom management, ELL instruction, lesson planning, and other issues facing teachers. Send your questions to [email protected]. Read more from this blog.

How to Make Summer School Effective and Engaging

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Today’s post finishes up a two-part series on how to make summer school a place that students want to attend ...

‘What Is the Instructional Purpose?

Kathy S. Dyer is an educator who has served as a teacher, principal, district assessment coordinator, and adjunct professor:

The tag line of the National Summer Learning Association (NSLA) , Summer Changes Everything TM , says it all. As educators leading summer learning programs, we can keep kids learning, engaging and empowering students to finish the unfinished learning and to take their unique skills (and confidence) to the next level. Prioritizing the way forward for learners using summer learning programs as a vehicle can be empowering. Consider these questions as you look for ways to make summer learning more enticing (and effective).

1. What is the instructional purpose of the summer learning program ? Is it remediation, credit recovery, preventing skill regression? Enrichment, extension, or moving ahead? Is it for language immersion? Or is it getting ready for the next grade?

2. Who is delivering the services ? Experienced teachers? Paraprofessionals? Teacher-candidates? Are these teachers who want to be there?

3. What are the expectations for program content ? Reuse school year curriculum? Aligned to standards? New work or a strengthening course? Customized to consider the cultural context of the school and the learners? How will fun be incorporated?

That last question may be the crux of the summer school challenge. Parents want a program that is going to advance their child academically and is also going to allow them to have fun. Learners want to “get it over with,” so if fun can be part of the learning experience, it becomes something different (perhaps) from what happens during the school year.

Based on my experiences as summer school principal, I would say there are a few key ideas that can make the program more enticing for students (and staff).

• Time: Consider one class a day for a block period (three hours) for four weeks. It is easy for students who work to plan their schedule, as well as for parents.
• Course variety: Offer a range of courses depending on your identified purpose. Include options such as required courses and engaging topics.
• Interactive learning: Implement hands-on activities, group projects, and experiments that promote active learning. The block schedule allows time for these. Incorporate educational games, field trips, and guest speakers. If a block schedule is new to staff, offer professional learning on the topic.
• Relevant learning: Emphasize the practical applications of the knowledge taught. Show students how the concepts they learn in summer school relate to their life and what comes next in school.
• Supportive environment: Maintain small class sizes to allow for personalized attention. Create a positive and inclusive atmosphere.

And, last but not least, if you have a building in your district with air conditioning, and it is possible to hold the summer program there, do so, for everyone’s sake.

My question to school districts is: How could your summer school program look so learners wouldn’t want to miss it?

‘Creative Writing Summer Camp’

Altagracia H. Delgado, also known as Grace, has been in the education field for 28 years. She is currently the executive director of multilingual services for Aldine ISD, in the Houston area. She is also an elected board member of the Texas Association for Bilingual Education:

Commonly, students come to summer school because they have failing grades or have not passed the state assessments during the year. In addition to this, most English learners come to summer school because they need additional time learning their second language or, in middle and high school, they need to recover credits to continue a pathway for graduation.

However, none of these reasons implies that summer school cannot be engaging or fun for students. Investing in enrichment programs that can combine content, credit earning or recovery, and English-language development can be a great way for students to have effective and empowering experiences during the summer school session.

One way in which we have been able to engage high school students in English credit recovery while developing their new language is by developing a creative writing summer camp. This summer session provides students with opportunities to work with an author, develop reading and writing skills while expressing themselves through personal narratives, and to create and develop characters for a play that is performed at the end of the session. This public-performance addition to the camp helps our students practice listening and speaking skills in a more creative way.

Because we wanted our students to have formal and informal speaking practices, in preparing for the play, they also had the opportunity to work on the creation of props, background and costumes while practicing their parts. To close out this experience, students’ parents and guardians and English-learning students in primary grades were invited to attend the high school students’ performance. The incorporation of the final performance really gave our high school students something to look forward to because they understood that they were modeling language for our younger learners.

At the end of the final performance, our primary students were able to interact with the now actors, ask questions, and get their autographs. Feedback from the high school students gave us great insight. They shared that they felt more confident about their language-acquisition skills and expressed pride for being brave in a public space.

We understand that due to the academic load many of our students carry to continue their graduation pathways, sometimes creative outlets are not accessible to them. But what we also have learned from this experience is that when we listen to students’ interests, we can learn how to integrate these into lessons that can become more meaningful to them and stretch them in the learning, while also building their confidence.

Supporting Newcomers

Aisha Ansari and Elena Ruiz direct Aspire & Reach Educational Consulting Services , which customizes curriculum and provides professional development and/or coaching sessions to drive student success:

We helped develop a summer school program rich in language acquisition for newcomer students. In the state of Texas, the term “newcomer” is used when addressing the language instructional program (Bi/ESL) of students born outside the United States.

Our school district designed a program last summer that included eight days of rigorous oral production using interactive magazines, as well as a parent and student showcase of work. The use of sentence starters and sentence frames was highlighted as one of the strategies to support students in speaking, reading, and writing. Students were able to read and convey their hard work and ideas in an instant thanks to the use of simple sentence-frame starters!

The Summer Language Program was centered on thematic science lessons in which all learners were engineers and designed—to name a few—cars, boats, and roller coasters. One of the final activities was a field trip to the Museum of Natural Science, where students gained experiences and made connections to classroom concepts.

Thanks to Kathy, Grace, Aisha, and Elena for contributing their thoughts.

Today’s post responded to this question:

What should be done to make summer school more enticing to students, and effective?

In Part One , Diana Laufenberg, Chandra Shaw, and Michelle Shory offered their suggestions.

Consider contributing a question to be answered in a future post. You can send one to me at [email protected] . When you send it in, let me know if I can use your real name if it’s selected or if you’d prefer remaining anonymous and have a pseudonym in mind.

You can also contact me on Twitter at @Larryferlazzo .

Just a reminder; you can subscribe and receive updates from this blog via email . And if you missed any of the highlights from the first 12 years of this blog, you can see a categorized list here .

The opinions expressed in Classroom Q&A With Larry Ferlazzo are strictly those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions or endorsement of Editorial Projects in Education, or any of its publications.

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