project thesis price

How much does a thesis cost?

by Bastis Consultores | Jan 24, 2019 | Thesis Development | 1 comment

The first question that comes to mind of the person requesting the thesis development services is “How much does a thesis cost?”

Many beginners make mistakes when it comes to cost assessment and this is the reason why thousands are scammed every year. There are essential tips that all students should know about paying for online writing services. These tips revolve around the strategies professional dissertation writers employ to arrive at a standard cost for the services they offer. All of them are available on the web, but you always have to make sure that the site you want to look for writing help on is authentic.

For this, how can one know exactly how much one would pay for academic paper writing services? Well, in order to get closer to the best advice, take a closer look at this site for some incisive details. This post also takes you through some helpful tips to keep in mind before you can get started, so keep reading for the details.

To ask for advice on this, you can contact our online chat operators directly.

Also write us directly to WhatsApp or to the Messenger of online-tesis.com.

In addition, you have the option to fill out the quote form for your thesis on the Online Thesis home page.

Why should I know how much a thesis costs?

Many times, the people requesting the service are employed with hours that exceed eight hours of work a day.

When considering a hypothetical case, if an undergraduate thesis were taken 3 months to be elaborated full time, the researcher would require 720 hours of production, dedicating 8 hours a day for 90 full days.

And where is the time for work?

It is the question that the thesis experts who have a job ask themselves.

The same goes for business owners.

In any case they must devote most of their weekly work hours to work.

Likewise, the people who are working fail to obtain permits in their jobs to write their thesis.

That happens because some sectors of the economy don’t give priority to the training of their workers.

Other professionals, on the other hand, enjoy work permits that do allow them to complete their thesis work; This is the case of university professors in many parts of the world.

That is why people come to hire the services of writing a thesis that allow them to continue working, especially if their employment is full-time.

How do you know how much a thesis costs?

The price of a thesis is established based on the area of knowledge, the level of academic studies that belongs to (degree, masters or doctorate), among other variables. Some of them are:

Higher Education Level

The most important variable when calculating the price of a thesis is the academic degree to which the investigation is conducted.

That means that if the thesis leads to the obtaining of the doctor’s degree, it has a higher price than a thesis prepared to achieve an academic degree.

That is why the thesis of undergraduate studies is cheaper than postgraduate.

The postgraduate studies include both masters and doctoral degrees.

However, the high academic level of a doctoral thesis exceeds that of a master’s thesis.

In that case, the doctoral thesis will have a higher price.

Methodology of a thesis

The methodology of a thesis is one of the variables that can mark differences between thesis of the same academic level.

If the research methods for a thesis lead to complex mathematical and statistical operations, it can impact the price of a thesis.

If, otherwise, a purely documentary method is proposed, the price may be lower, provided that the sources are easily accessible.

However, the methodology of a thesis depends on the following elements: theme, problem posed, paradigm from which the research process starts, thesis objectives, among others.

Knowledge area

The area of knowledge is one of the factors that influences the value of a thesis.

The scientific branch of undergraduate work involves the development of certain methodological processes.

The methodology of a thesis may have greater or lesser degrees of complexity, depending on the area of study.

However, this is a less decisive variable than the academic degree you want to obtain.

In addition, this variable depends on the thesis approach and the methodology.

It’s possible to consider a research work in any area of knowledge that has a sufficient balance to be a quality work, whose elaboration complexity leads to establishing a more affordable price for any student.

Number of pages of a thesis

The number of pages is an indicator to establish the price of an academic work.

This is one of the references that our specialists take to develop a quality project at the level of the requirements of your university.

Also, it’s one of the parameters to be taken into account by some universities or higher education study centers.

Some regulations establish a certain number of pages for work that leads to obtaining an academic degree.

Additionally,some institutions indicate a maximum number of lengths for their thesis.

Thus, the limit on the number of pages is a fact that you must take into account.

Therefore, you must always delve into the regulations of your institution to know what is the minimum and maximum number of pages established for the type of work you want to quote on online-tesis.com

Do they only elaborate thesis in online-tesis.com?

We develop academic works such as thesis projects, dissertations, preliminary projects, thesis, monographs, academic essays and all kinds of related research. Therefore, in your application you must specify what type of work you want.

For example, essays and monographs are common to pass university subjects.

In addition to conducting full investigations, we also do the documents prior to an investigation.

Each university has its own way of calling them (thesis projects, for example): they are preliminary academic documents to the final investigation where it’s proposed what will be investigated.

Once the preliminary document has been approved by an evaluation committee, the student can develop his research work.

How to find out how much does a thesis cost at online-tesis.com?

To request the price of an undergraduate, master’s or doctoral thesis at online-tesis.com you just have to write to us in the direct chat window.

In a few minutes one of our specialists will be in touch with you.

You can also make any query through our direct channels on WhatsApp or Messenger.

Through them, our specialists will answer your doubts and questions shortly.

We invite you tofill out the quotation form , where we will request information such as the student’s country, the university for which the academic work will be prepared, the career of origin, what type of research, the length and the proposed delivery times.

With this information we can answer your question “How much does a thesis cost?” Or give you a budget for any academic work.

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Think of yourself as a member of a jury, listening to a lawyer who is presenting an opening argument. You'll want to know very soon whether the lawyer believes the accused to be guilty or not guilty, and how the lawyer plans to convince you. Readers of academic essays are like jury members: before they have read too far, they want to know what the essay argues as well as how the writer plans to make the argument. After reading your thesis statement, the reader should think, "This essay is going to try to convince me of something. I'm not convinced yet, but I'm interested to see how I might be."

An effective thesis cannot be answered with a simple "yes" or "no." A thesis is not a topic; nor is it a fact; nor is it an opinion. "Reasons for the fall of communism" is a topic. "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" is a fact known by educated people. "The fall of communism is the best thing that ever happened in Europe" is an opinion. (Superlatives like "the best" almost always lead to trouble. It's impossible to weigh every "thing" that ever happened in Europe. And what about the fall of Hitler? Couldn't that be "the best thing"?)

A good thesis has two parts. It should tell what you plan to argue, and it should "telegraph" how you plan to argue—that is, what particular support for your claim is going where in your essay.

Steps in Constructing a Thesis

First, analyze your primary sources.  Look for tension, interest, ambiguity, controversy, and/or complication. Does the author contradict himself or herself? Is a point made and later reversed? What are the deeper implications of the author's argument? Figuring out the why to one or more of these questions, or to related questions, will put you on the path to developing a working thesis. (Without the why, you probably have only come up with an observation—that there are, for instance, many different metaphors in such-and-such a poem—which is not a thesis.)

Once you have a working thesis, write it down.  There is nothing as frustrating as hitting on a great idea for a thesis, then forgetting it when you lose concentration. And by writing down your thesis you will be forced to think of it clearly, logically, and concisely. You probably will not be able to write out a final-draft version of your thesis the first time you try, but you'll get yourself on the right track by writing down what you have.

Keep your thesis prominent in your introduction.  A good, standard place for your thesis statement is at the end of an introductory paragraph, especially in shorter (5-15 page) essays. Readers are used to finding theses there, so they automatically pay more attention when they read the last sentence of your introduction. Although this is not required in all academic essays, it is a good rule of thumb.

Anticipate the counterarguments.  Once you have a working thesis, you should think about what might be said against it. This will help you to refine your thesis, and it will also make you think of the arguments that you'll need to refute later on in your essay. (Every argument has a counterargument. If yours doesn't, then it's not an argument—it may be a fact, or an opinion, but it is not an argument.)

This statement is on its way to being a thesis. However, it is too easy to imagine possible counterarguments. For example, a political observer might believe that Dukakis lost because he suffered from a "soft-on-crime" image. If you complicate your thesis by anticipating the counterargument, you'll strengthen your argument, as shown in the sentence below.

Some Caveats and Some Examples

A thesis is never a question.  Readers of academic essays expect to have questions discussed, explored, or even answered. A question ("Why did communism collapse in Eastern Europe?") is not an argument, and without an argument, a thesis is dead in the water.

A thesis is never a list.  "For political, economic, social and cultural reasons, communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" does a good job of "telegraphing" the reader what to expect in the essay—a section about political reasons, a section about economic reasons, a section about social reasons, and a section about cultural reasons. However, political, economic, social and cultural reasons are pretty much the only possible reasons why communism could collapse. This sentence lacks tension and doesn't advance an argument. Everyone knows that politics, economics, and culture are important.

A thesis should never be vague, combative or confrontational.  An ineffective thesis would be, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because communism is evil." This is hard to argue (evil from whose perspective? what does evil mean?) and it is likely to mark you as moralistic and judgmental rather than rational and thorough. It also may spark a defensive reaction from readers sympathetic to communism. If readers strongly disagree with you right off the bat, they may stop reading.

An effective thesis has a definable, arguable claim.  "While cultural forces contributed to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of economies played the key role in driving its decline" is an effective thesis sentence that "telegraphs," so that the reader expects the essay to have a section about cultural forces and another about the disintegration of economies. This thesis makes a definite, arguable claim: that the disintegration of economies played a more important role than cultural forces in defeating communism in Eastern Europe. The reader would react to this statement by thinking, "Perhaps what the author says is true, but I am not convinced. I want to read further to see how the author argues this claim."

A thesis should be as clear and specific as possible.  Avoid overused, general terms and abstractions. For example, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because of the ruling elite's inability to address the economic concerns of the people" is more powerful than "Communism collapsed due to societal discontent."

Copyright 1999, Maxine Rodburg and The Tutors of the Writing Center at Harvard University

What’s Included: The Dissertation Template

If you’re preparing to write your dissertation, thesis or research project, our free dissertation template is the perfect starting point. In the template, we cover every section step by step, with clear, straightforward explanations and examples .

The template’s structure is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format for formal academic research projects such as dissertations and theses. The template structure reflects the overall research process, ensuring your dissertation or thesis will have a smooth, logical flow from chapter to chapter.

The dissertation template covers the following core sections:

• The title page/cover page
• Abstract (sometimes also called the executive summary)
• Table of contents
• List of figures /list of tables
• Chapter 1: Introduction  (also available: in-depth introduction template )
• Chapter 2: Literature review  (also available: in-depth LR template )
• Chapter 3: Methodology (also available: in-depth methodology template )
• Chapter 4: Research findings /results (also available: results template )
• Chapter 5: Discussion /analysis of findings (also available: discussion template )
• Chapter 6: Conclusion (also available: in-depth conclusion template )
• Reference list

Each section is explained in plain, straightforward language , followed by an overview of the key elements that you need to cover within each section. We’ve also included practical examples to help you understand exactly what’s required in each section.

The cleanly-formatted Google Doc can be downloaded as a fully editable MS Word Document (DOCX format), so you can use it as-is or convert it to LaTeX.

FAQs: Dissertation Template

What format is the template (doc, pdf, ppt, etc.).

The dissertation template is provided as a Google Doc. You can download it in MS Word format or make a copy to your Google Drive. You’re also welcome to convert it to whatever format works best for you, such as LaTeX or PDF.

What types of dissertations/theses can this template be used for?

The template follows the standard best-practice structure for formal academic research projects such as dissertations or theses, so it is suitable for the vast majority of degrees, particularly those within the sciences.

Some universities may have some additional requirements, but these are typically minor, with the core structure remaining the same. Therefore, it’s always a good idea to double-check your university’s requirements before you finalise your structure.

Will this work for a research paper?

A research paper follows a similar format, but there are a few differences. You can find our research paper template here .

Is this template for an undergrad, Masters or PhD-level thesis?

This template can be used for a dissertation, thesis or research project at any level of study. It may be slight overkill for an undergraduate-level study, but it certainly won’t be missing anything.

How long should my dissertation/thesis be?

This depends entirely on your university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them. As a general ballpark, Masters-level projects are usually 15,000 – 20,000 words in length, while Doctoral-level projects are often in excess of 60,000 words.

What about the research proposal?

If you’re still working on your research proposal, we’ve got a template for that here .

We’ve also got loads of proposal-related guides and videos over on the Grad Coach blog .

How do I write a literature review?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack how to write a literature review from scratch. You can check out the literature review section of the blog here.

How do I create a research methodology?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack research methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. You can check out the methodology section of the blog here.

Can I share this dissertation template with my friends/colleagues?

Yes, you’re welcome to share this template. If you want to post about it on your blog or social media, all we ask is that you reference this page as your source.

Can Grad Coach help me with my dissertation/thesis?

Within the template, you’ll find plain-language explanations of each section, which should give you a fair amount of guidance. However, you’re also welcome to consider our dissertation and thesis coaching services .

Harvard University Theses, Dissertations, and Prize Papers

The Harvard University Archives ’ collection of theses, dissertations, and prize papers document the wide range of academic research undertaken by Harvard students over the course of the University’s history.

Beyond their value as pieces of original research, these collections document the history of American higher education, chronicling both the growth of Harvard as a major research institution as well as the development of numerous academic fields. They are also an important source of biographical information, offering insight into the academic careers of the authors.

Spanning from the ‘theses and quaestiones’ of the 17th and 18th centuries to the current yearly output of student research, they include both the first Harvard Ph.D. dissertation (by William Byerly, Ph.D . 1873) and the dissertation of the first woman to earn a doctorate from Harvard ( Lorna Myrtle Hodgkinson , Ed.D. 1922).

Other highlights include:

• The collection of Mathematical theses, 1782-1839
• The 1895 Ph.D. dissertation of W.E.B. Du Bois, The suppression of the African slave trade in the United States, 1638-1871
• Ph.D. dissertations of astronomer Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (Ph.D. 1925) and physicist John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (Ph.D. 1922)
• Undergraduate honors theses of novelist John Updike (A.B. 1954), filmmaker Terrence Malick (A.B. 1966),  and U.S. poet laureate Tracy Smith (A.B. 1994)
• Undergraduate prize papers and dissertations of philosophers Ralph Waldo Emerson (A.B. 1821), George Santayana (Ph.D. 1889), and W.V. Quine (Ph.D. 1932)
• Undergraduate honors theses of U.S. President John F. Kennedy (A.B. 1940) and Chief Justice John Roberts (A.B. 1976)

What does a prize-winning thesis look like?

If you're a Harvard undergraduate writing your own thesis, it can be helpful to review recent prize-winning theses. The Harvard University Archives has made available for digital lending all of the Thomas Hoopes Prize winners from the 2019-2021 academic years.

Accessing These Materials

How to access materials at the Harvard University Archives

How to find and request dissertations, in person or virtually

How to find and request undergraduate honors theses

How to find and request Thomas Temple Hoopes Prize papers

How to find and request Bowdoin Prize papers

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Harvard faculty personal and professional archives, harvard student life collections: arts, sports, politics and social life, access materials at the harvard university archives.

Home > PMGT > Dissertations and Theses

Dissertations and Theses

Theses/dissertations from 2020 2020.

Challenges to Adopting Hybrid Methodology: Addressing Organizational Culture and Change Control Problems in Enterprise IT Infrastructure Projects , Harishankar Krishnakumar

The Difficulty With Introducing Project Management Techniques in Digital Startups , Isabela Mantilla

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Reasons for Success and Failure of Projects , Tamunogbenye Dago

Impediments in Transitioning to Agile Time-boxing Testing Efforts , Taniya Dasgupta

Implementing Agile Methodology Techniques in Automobile Industry , Nikhil Kranthi Datrika

The Role of Project Management in Fostering Creativity: Towards Successful Architectural Design Projects , Angeliki Giannoulatou Destouni

Implementing Project Management Principles in Digital Advertising Age , Yuanqing Jiang

BIM and Project Management in AEC Industry , Nazanin Kamyab

IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON PROJECT TEAMS’ PERFORMANCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY , RAMU KARANAM

Adopt Agile Methodology for Building Wealth Management Platform Building , Mandar Shripad Kulkarn

STUDY ON RECOVERY OF BAD SOCIAL MEDIA REVIEWS IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY USING PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES , FRANCK LEGRAND

AGILE ADOPTION IN INVESTMENT BANKS , JIAYIN LIANG and Suman Shekhar

SCRUM IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY TO IMPROVE PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN DESIGN PHASE , YINGCHEN LIU

IMPROVING SOFTWARE PROJECTS WITH CLOUD COMPUTING , SUNIL MADDIPATLA

BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE E-BANKING SYSTEMS IN INDIA , DIVYA NALLURI

Applying the Agile Mechanism in the Clinical Trails Domain for Drug Development , Jitendrakumar Narola

IMPLEMENTING AGILE LEAN IN TELECOM INDUSTRY , SWAPNIL NARVEKAR

Internet of Things (IoT) and Changing Face of Project Management , Vikram Singh Prasher

Risk Management in Telemedicine Projects in Healthcare , Shalini Sakinala

Study of the impact of team morale on construction project performance , Adrian Gerard Saldanha

Key Competencies for Project Managers: An Empirical Study , Sahil Sandhu

IDENTIFICATION OF RIGHT LEADERSHIP STYLE FOR AGILE TEAMS , AASHIK SEKHARAN

ROLE OF EFFECTIVE QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN DRUG SAFETY PROJECT , Bhawna Sharma

SOFT SKILLS INFLUENCE IN PROJECT MANAGERS IN THE CLOUD SPACE , KATHERINE SILVA

Managing Business Process Transformation Projects Using Contextual Hybrid Agile Methodology , John Tu

Using IOP as a mechanism for project team management , Maryam Selah Varzi

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND JOB SATISFACTION IN LUXURY RETAIL PROJECT , CUIPING ZHANG

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Applying Agile Lean to Global Software Development , Piyansh Gupta

Agile in Construction Projects , Chen Jin

Role of Agile Methods in Global Software Development , Dinesh Chandra Kalluri

Innovation through Agile Project Management , Raju Kona

The Use of Effective Risk Management in Cloud Computing Projects , Usha Kiran Marichetty

Feasibility in Applying Agile Project Management Methodologies To Building Design and Construction Industry , Roy S. Moriel

Pharmacovigilance: The Role Of Pharmaceutical Companies To Protect Patients From Adverse Drug Reactions , Srikanth Nukala

Team Performance and Project Success , Ijeoma Okoronkwo

Key to Success of Offshore Outsourcing , Deep Patel

Implementation of Agile Methodology in Public Sector , Kajal Patel

Project Manager’s Perception of Agile Methods Success , Ankit Sachdeva

Adapting Agile in Regulated (Pharmaceutical) Environment , Prachiben K. Shah

The Implication of Agile & Traditional Method as a Practice in Pharmaceutical Industry , Vishant Shah

Project Management for E-Commerce Businesses , Jui Tamhane

Critical Risk Assessment and Management in Pharmaceutical Industry , Abida Zameer

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Improved Sprint Results with Offshore Indian Teams , Fnu Abdul Hasheem

A Different Approach to Project Management: The Use of Soft Skills , Hannah Adams

ERP Critical Success Factors: Importance of ERP Consultants in ERP Implementation , Adekunle S. Balogun

Scrum Sim - A Simulation Game to Learn the Scrum Agile Framework , Anshuman Bassi

Hybrid Project Management Approach for Software Modernization , Chintan Bhavsar

Adopting Agile Scrum , Anirudh Chaganti

Supply Chain Risks: Causes & Mitigation Strategy for the Medical Device Companies , Dipak Patil

Research Paper on Content Management Systems (CMS): Problems in the Traditional Model and Advantages of CMS in Managing Corporate Websites , Elanchezhian Ramalingam

Challenges When Using Scrum in Globally Distributed Teams , Sweta Shah

A Case Study on PPL's Journey to Agile Transition , Jayalakshmi Tenali

To Overcome Communication Challenges in Distributed/Virtual Scrum Teams , Priyamvada Walimbe

Hybrid Agile Approach: Efficiently Blending Traditional and Agile Methodologies , Rashmi Wankhede

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20 Thesis Topics for Project Management

• Richard Thornton
• March 21st, 2018

Project Management Thesis?

Project management basically includes initiating, planning, controlling and executing a project. While preparing a project management thesis, dissertation, essay or any assignment, one must be well-versed with the primary terminologies and requirements of the subject. Broadly, the assignment can be divided into 3 phases:

• Initiation of a project includes all the processes involved in defining a new project. This phase determines the nature and scope of the project. If this stage is not followed, it is very unlikely for the project to meet the business’ needs.
• Planning and controlling involves monitoring and controlling the time and resources, and effectively managing risk during the project execution. The ongoing procedure measures all the project variables and corrective actions are taken to address the issues.
• The closure means formal acceptance of the project, thereby the ending. This involves the documentation and report of the learning. Post Implementation Review also constitutes a vital phase of the closure.

While working on a project management assignment, students, as well as working professionals, may find the need to emphasise on minute details such as PBS, WBS, RACI, project documentation, cost engineering and many more.

20 Topics to Write a Project Management Thesis or Dissertation:

Following are the topics that students as well as working professionals can choose from while preparing project management assignments:

• Business Requirement Analysis
• Descriptive Analytics And Visualisation
• Business Value Of Information
• Project Scheduling and Control
• Project Integration and Procurement
• Project Leadership
• Management Research and Practice
• Project Procurement Management
• Information Systems Challenges
• Contemporary Approaches
• Project Program and Portfolio Management
• Sustainable Project Management
• Facility Life Cycle Costing 
• Project Stakeholder Management
• Work And Organisation Systems
• Project Investment Analysis
• Organisation Change Management
• Global Leadership
• Managing Innovation and Entrepreneurship
• Project Risk Management

TutorVersal Project Management Assignment Help

TutorVersal’s project management assignment experts are well-versed with all the aforementioned topics, and their respective requirements when it comes to preparing any write-up.

Our project management experts have been part of different industries including construction projects, production engineering, design engineering, computing, architecture, telecommunications and many heavy industries from all over the globe. Apart from the subject-matter knowledge, our experts can prepare your project on the basis of its complexity. Moreover, they have successfully delivered projects with up to Level 7 complexity . Therefore, based on various criterion such as time-span and project output, our professionals can provide you the best possible assignment with your precise specifications.

The services differ we provide differ for different communities. For students, the assignment help experts of TutorVersal sticks to the marking rubric as per the specific university guidelines. On the other hand, for working professionals, the experts provide highly specialised projects. Our non-disclosure clause ensures that any information related to the client as well as the respective ghostwriter(s) is kept highly confidential.

Apart from project management, you can avail the services of subject matter experts from diverse fields to get the best engineering assignment help or guidance in other subjects.

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2023 Landscape Architecture AP Thesis Prize: Celina Abba and Enrique Cavelier’s Plantation Futures: Foregrounding Lost Narratives

by Celina Abba (MLA I AP ’23) and Enrique Cavelier (MLA I AP ’23) — Recipient of the Landscape Architecture Thesis Prize.

Oak Alley Plantation, located in Louisiana, is the most famous and visited plantation in the United States. Today the plantation is preserved as a cultural landscape reflecting and glorifying the values of the Antebellum era. What is absent at Oak Alley and all the plantations upon which the United States was formed is the recognition of the forged Black landscapes used for refuge, joy, and resistance: the swamp, the ditch, and the plot.   

The plantation was a complex of white supremacy that linked the exploitation of racialized bodies and non-human agents to fertile lands and commodities. These landscapes emerged as an economic and political model based on dislocated forced labor, intensive land exploitation, and global commerce supported by land dispossession, labor extraction, and racialized violence.  

The thesis questions the concept and practices of heritage in the profession of landscape architecture as it is embedded in the colonial imaginary and its racial legacies. Moments for accountability and restoration are conceived, such as the Citizen Assembly, which holds industry and systems of dispossession to account through new forms of democratic processes and landscape-based evidence collection. Black ecologies emerge through layering archival narratives, poetry, and literature, foregrounding lost narratives within the plantation. These narratives envision radically different futures, where interspecies kinship and empathy surface as new ecologies that point to new Black futurities.

• Social Equity

Thesis vs Research Project

What is the difference between thesis and project , similarities between thesis and research project.

To understand the difference between Thesis and Research Project it is imperative to understand the similarity between the two terms. The major similarity between Thesis and Research project is that both can be slotted as Academic documents. The structure and components are the same . Both have introductions, data analysis, conclusions and other commonly seen topics and subheadings. 

Understanding and Identifying the differences

• Acquiring a university degree or qualification is the ultimate intent of a thesis. A thesis is also known as dissertation and this is majorly associated with Post Graduate studies such as Masters, M.Phil and Doctorate Degree Programs. 
• Knowledge expansion is the main purpose of a Research Project. 
• Since a thesis is written to get a degree, it is always longer than the Research Project . Thus writing a thesis requires longer time than a Research Project.
• Supervisors or guides from universities help the students in writing their Thesis. This is not the case with the Research Project. 
• Oral Presentation is an integral part of a thesis as it is the final stage of the thesis project once the thesis is submitted to an expert panel . The Research Project is restricted only to writing. 
• Originality and personal research are important components of a Thesis. 
• Thesis explores possibilities as it involves several anti theses as well as negating the same. On the other hand, Research is about proving a principal thesis statement that is backed by evidence and data. 
• Comprehensive knowledge about a subject is needed for Thesis. Research projects poses many challenges, however it is easier to write a Research Project than a thesis in general. 

The Key to crack 

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Exploring the history of data-driven arguments in public life

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Political debates today may not always be exceptionally rational, but they are often infused with numbers. If people are discussing the economy or health care or climate change, sooner or later they will invoke statistics.

It was not always thus. Our habit of using numbers to make political arguments has a history, and William Deringer is a leading historian of it. Indeed, in recent years Deringer, an associate professor in MIT’s Program in Science, Technology, and Society (STS), has carved out a distinctive niche through his scholarship showing how quantitative reasoning has become part of public life.

In his prize-winning 2018 book “ Calculated Values ” (Harvard University Press), Deringer identified a time in British public life from the 1680s to the 1720s as a key moment when the practice of making numerical arguments took hold — a trend deeply connected with the rise of parliamentary power and political parties. Crucially, freedom of the press also expanded, allowing greater scope for politicians and the public to have frank discussions about the world as it was, backed by empirical evidence.

Deringer’s second book project, in progress and under contract to Yale University Press, digs further into a concept from the first book — the idea of financial discounting. This is a calculation to estimate what money (or other things) in the future is worth today, to assign those future objects a “present value.” Some skilled mathematicians understood discounting in medieval times; its use expanded in the 1600s; today it is very common in finance and is the subject of debate in relation to climate change, as experts try to estimate ideal spending levels on climate matters.

“The book is about how this particular technique came to have the power to weigh in on profound social questions,” Deringer says. “It’s basically about compound interest, and it’s at the center of the most important global question we have to confront.”

Numbers alone do not make a debate rational or informative; they can be false, misleading, used to entrench interests, and so on. Indeed, a key theme in Deringer’s work is that when quantitiative reasoning gains more ground, the question is why, and to whose benefit. In this sense his work aligns with the long-running and always-relevant approach of the Institute’s STS faculty, in thinking carefully about how technology and knowledge is applied to the world.

“The broader culture more has become attuned to STS, whether it’s conversations about AI or algorithmic fairness or climate change or energy, these are simultaneously technical and social issues,” Deringer says. “Teaching undergraduates, I’ve found the awareness of that at MIT has only increased.” For both his research and teaching, Deringer received tenure from MIT earlier this year.

Dig in, work outward

Deringer has been focused on these topics since he was an undergraduate at Harvard University.

“I found myself becoming really interested in the history of economics, the history of practical mathematics, data, statistics, and how it came to be that so much of our world is organized quantitatively,” he says.

Deringer wrote a college thesis about how England measured the land it was seizing from Ireland in the 1600s, and then, after graduating, went to work in the finance sector, which gave him a further chance to think about the application of quantification to modern life.

“That was not what I wanted to do forever, but for some of the conceptual questions I was interested in, the societal life of calculations, I found it to be a really interesting space,” Deringer says.

He returned to academia by pursuing his PhD in the history of science at Princeton University. There, in his first year of graduate school, in the archives, Deringer found 18th-century pamphlets about financial calculations concering the value of stock involved in the infamous episode of speculation known as the South Sea Bubble. That became part of his dissertation; skeptics of the South Sea Bubble were among the prominent early voices bringing data into public debates. It has also helped inform his second book.

First, though, Deringer earned his doctorate from Princeton in 2012, then spent three years as a Mellon Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Columbia University. He joined the MIT faculty in 2015. At the Institute, he finished turning his dissertation into the “Calculated Values” book — which won the 2019 Oscar Kenshur Prize for the best book from the Center for Eighteenth-Century Studies at Indiana University, and was co-winner of the 2021 Joseph J. Spengler Prize for best book from the History of Economics Society.

“My method as a scholar is to dig into the technical details, then work outward historically from them,” Deringer says.

A long historical chain

Even as Deringer was writing his first book, the idea for the second one was taking root in his mind. Those South Sea Bubble pamphets he had found while at Princeton incorporated discounting, which was intermittently present in “Calculated Values.” Deringer was intrigued by how adept 18th-century figures were at discounting.

“Something that I thought of as a very modern technique seemed to be really well-known by a lot of people in the 1720s,” he says.

At the same time, a conversation with an academic colleague in philosophy made it clear to Deringer how different conclusions about discounting had become debated in climate change policy. He soon resolved to write the “biography of a calculation” about financial discounting.

“I knew my next book had to be about this,” Deringer says. “I was very interested in the deep historical roots of discounting, and it has a lot of present urgency.”

Deringer says the book will incorporate material about the financing of English cathedrals, the heavy use of discounting in the mining industry during the Industrial Revolution, a revival of discounting in 1960s policy circles, and climate change, among other things. In each case, he is carefully looking at the interests and historical dynamics behind the use of discounting.

“For people who use discounting regularly, it’s like gravity: It’s very obvious that to be rational is to discount the future according to this formula,” Deringer says. “But if you look at history, what is thought of as rational is part of a very long historical chain of people applying this calculation in various ways, and over time that’s just how things are done. I’m really interested in pulling apart that idea that this is a sort of timeless rational calculation, as opposed to a product of this interesting history.”

Working in STS, Deringer notes, has helped encourage him to link together numerous historical time periods into one book about the numerous ways discounting has been used.

“I’m not sure that pursuing a book that stretches from the 17th century to the 21st century is something I would have done in other contexts,” Deringer says. He is also quick to credit his colleagues in STS and in other programs for helping create the scholarly environment in which he is thriving.

“I came in with a really amazing cohort of other scholars in SHASS,” Deringer notes, referring to the MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. He cites others receiving tenure in the last year such as his STS colleague Robin Scheffler, historian Megan Black, and historian Caley Horan, with whom Deringer has taught graduate classes on the concept of risk in history. In all, Deringer says, the Institute has been an excellent place for him to pursue interdisciplinary work on technical thought in history.

“I work on very old things and very technical things,” Deringer says. “But I’ve found a wonderful welcoming at MIT from people in different fields who light up when they hear what I’m interested in.”

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Final Year B.tech Project on Machine Learning Stock Prediction through Deep Learning

Vatshayan/Final-Year-Machine-Learning-Stock-Price-Prediction-Project

Folders and files, repository files navigation, final-year-machine-learning-stock-price-prediction-project, stock-price-prediction.

Top Class Stock Price Prediction Project through Machine Learning Algorithms for Google. Easy Understanding and Implementation.

Project PPT LINK

Stock price prediction :.

Stock (also known as equity) is a security that represents the ownership of a fraction of a corporation. This entitles the owner of the stock to a proportion of the corporation's assets and profits equal to how much stock they own. Units of stock are called "shares." A stock is a general term used to describe the ownership certificates of any company. Stock prices change everyday by market forces. By this we mean that share prices change because of supply and demand. If more people want to buy a stock (demand) than sell it (supply), then the price moves up. Conversely, if more people wanted to sell a stock than buy it, there would be greater supply than demand, and the price would fall. Understanding supply and demand is easy. So, why do stock prices change? The best answer is that nobody really knows for sure. Some believe that it isn't possible to predict how stocks will change in price while others think that by drawing charts and looking at past price movements, you can determine when to buy and sell. The only thing we do know as a certainty is that stocks are volatile and can change in price extremely rapidly.

Understanding the Problem Statement

We’ll dive into the implementation part of this Project soon, but first it’s important to establish what we’re aiming to solve. Broadly, stock market analysis is divided into two parts – Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis. Fundamental Analysis involves analyzing the company’s future profitability on the basis of its current business environment and financial performance. Technical Analysis, on the other hand, includes reading the charts and using statistical figures to identify the trends in the stock market. As you might have guessed, our focus will be on the technical analysis and visualization part. We’ll be using a dataset from Google stock Price test and train.

Implementation:

1.Using Sckiit Learning( Machine Learning model)

2.Data Preprocessing using dataset

3.Visualization of Dataset

4.Feature Scaling

5.Preparing the Datasets for training

6.Reshaping the datasets

7.Model development

8.Implementation of sequential, dense, LSTM and dropout.

9.Preprocessing the Data

10.Predicting the Output

11.Result visualization

Research Paper

Project is totally based on research papers as project predict output using LSTM based deep learning models:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.10819

https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-6403.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050920304865

Youtube Video of this Project: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44u5oU9MQGg

नमस्ते (namaste) 🙏🏻 , i'm shivam vatshayan , i'm a developer from india ❤.

You Can use this Beautiful Project for your college Project and get good marks too.

Email me Now [email protected] to get this Full Project Code, PPT, Report, Synopsis, Video Presentation and Research paper of this Project.

💌 Feel free to contact me for any kind of help on projects.

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How to reach me :, mail : [email protected], whatsapp: +91 9310631437 (helping 24*7) chat, website : https://www.finalproject.in/, 1000 computer science projects : https://www.computer-science-project.in/.

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Wall Street is souring on Tesla's pivot away from low-cost vehicles towards autonomous driving

• Tesla is losing the confidence of Wall Street amid reports it's pivoting from a low-cost Model 2 to robotaxis.
• Deutsche Bank just downgraded Tesla's stock and Barclays cut its price target. Both see double-digit declines over the next year.
• "We view Tesla's shift as thesis-changing, and worry the stock will need to undergo a potentially painful transition in ownership base," Deutsche Bank said.

Another day, another negative Tesla note from Wall Street.

Tesla has come under intense scrutiny from sell-side analysts after a Reuters report from earlier this month said that the EV maker was shifting away from its low-cost Model 2 vehicle to instead focus on building a fully-autonomous robotaxi.

Deutsche Bank downgrades Tesla

Deutsche Bank analyst Emmanuel Rosner is not impressed with the potential pivot, calling it "thesis-changing" for investors in a note on Thursday.

Rosner downgraded Tesla stock to "Hold" from "Buy" and cut its price target to $123 from $189, suggesting potential downside of about 19% from current levels. 

"Pushing out Model 2 will create significant earnings and FCF pressure on 2026+ estimates, and make the future of the company tied to Tesla cracking the code on full driverless autonomy, which represents a significant technological, regulatory and operational challenge," Rosner said. 

Rosner slashed his 2027 earnings per share estimate for Tesla to $2.40 from a prior estimate of $4.25, and added that there could be further downside to the company's earnings power if they completely abandon the development of a low-cost vehicle. 

"The delay of Model 2 efforts creates the risk of no new vehicle in Tesla's consumer lineup for the foreseeable future, which would put continued downward pressure on its volume and pricing for many more years, requiring downward earnings estimate revisions for 2026+," Rosner said.

Tesla stock fell 2% in early Thursday trading, and is down nearly 40% year-to-date. 

Perhaps the biggest risk to Tesla, aside from lower earnings, is the idea that a pivot to robotaxis could cause a complete recalibration of its underlying shareholder base.

"We view Tesla's shift as thesis-changing, and worry the stock will need to undergo a potentially painful transition in ownership base, with investors previously focused on Tesla's EV volume and cost advantage potentially throwing in the towel, and eventually replaced by AI/tech investors with considerably longer time horizons," Rosen said.

Barclays cuts Tesla price target

It's not just Deutsche Bank that has soured on Tesla.

Barclays slashed its Tesla price target on Wednesday by 20%, and said it expects the company's first-quarter earnings call next week to be a negative catalyst.

Calling it "one of the most widely anticipated calls ever," Barclays analyst Dan Levy said the company is facing challenging near-term fundamentals in combination with a longer-term "investment thesis pivot" as it considers moving away from the Model 2.

According to Levy, if Tesla is indeed moving away from the Model 2, that would be bad news for the stock valuation going forward, calling it a "clear net negative for the Tesla investment thesis."

"It casts significant uncertainty on the path ahead for Tesla, making success of the stock dependent on bets with seemingly binary outcomes," Levy said. "Indeed, we are hard pressed to think of any other precedent of a company of Tesla's size basing its path of success on such binary bets."

Wedbush also concerned about Model 2 pivot

Even long-time Tesla bull Dan Ives is worried about Tesla's potential pivot away from a low-cost Model 2.

In a note from last week, Ives said Tesla needs to commit to its Model 2 development plans if it wants to have any chance in reversing this year's painful stock price decline. 

"If robotaxis is viewed as the 'magic model' to replace Model 2 we would view this as a debacle negative for the Tesla story. It would be a risky gamble if Tesla moved away from the Model 2 and went straight to robotaxis," Ives said.

Ives said Wall Street's criticism of Tesla is warranted, especially given the fact that the EV maker has seen declining profit margins and its first year-over-year sales decline since 2020.

"For Musk, this is a fork in the road time to get Tesla through this turbulent period otherwise dark days could be ahead," Ives said. 

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