classics essay guidelines edinburgh

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Welcome to the Classics subject guide - your guide to using the library resources, services and facilities for your subject.

Home | Research a topic | Latin and Greek | Referencing and Plagiarism | Skills and Training | Exams and Revision

Citing and avoiding plagiarism

Citing and referencing demonstrates the breadth of your research and helps avoid plagiarism. To understand more about plagiarism and how and why to avoid it, see the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Academic Development's (IAD) guide:

IAD -  Referencing and avoiding plagiarism

LibSmart provides advice and activities on using Library tools to help you manage your information and use correct citation and referencing, including:

• Cite Them Right
• Using ‘My Favourites’ and the quick citation tool in DiscoverEd
• Using Resource lists to create a bibliography

To find out more and self-enrol:  Libsmart

Good academic conduct in School of History, Classics and Archaeology

HCA have prepared guidance for undergraduates on good academic conduct, essay writing and referencing.

• HCA: Good Academic Conduct (undergraduates)

Information for postgraduates on good academic conduct can be found in your Programme Handbook.

• HCA Graduate School Programme Handbooks Home

Citation styles guidance

• The Chicago manual of style
• Cite Them Right Online

Fully searchable version of the standard Chicago Manual of Style , including a Quick Guide for sample citations. Chicago Style Q&A as well as examples of style sheets, letters, and forms are also available on the site.

• Chicago manual of style online

The Library also holds earlier editions of the Chicago Manual of Style in hard copy.

Cite Them Right Online explains and demonstrates how to cite, both in-text and in a reference list or bibliography, a wide range of material types: books, journal articles, lecture notes, law reports, web pages, computer games, live performances...

Harvard (author-date) is shown throughout but many material types are demonstrated in other citation styles too: APA, Chicago, MHRA, MLA, OSCOLA, Vancouver.

General information on referencing and plagiarism is also presented.

• Cite them right online more... less... Everything you need to know about referencing your resources. Particularly strong on Harvard style but also includes Chicago, APA, MLA, MHRA, OSCOLA and Vancouver.

Choosing a reference management software tool

If you just want to create formatted references and don't need to save them ZoteroBib ( https://zbib.org/ ) is a free service that helps you build a bibliography instantly from any computer or device, without creating an account or installing any software.

If you want to do more, reference management software lets you store, annotate and group references and also automatically creates citations and reference lists in your documents.

There are a number of different reference management software tools available. For help in deciding which is right for you, please see our software comparison information below. 

Reference Management tools - a few options and comparisons

• Reference management tools comparison table

Choosing a Reference Manager (Digital Skills course)

A workbook of course content is available on the Digital Skills Team's Documents Catalogue . You can also check Event Booking (students) and People & Money (staff) for scheduled dates of the "Introduction to reference managers" course.

If you experience any access issues, please contact the IS Helpline .

EndNote is supported by the University and available as desktop run software and as a web application. Both versions provide automatic citing in the desktop version of Microsoft Word.  

On-campus . The desktop version is installed on the open-access lab computers where the "Cite While You Write" plug-in is available on Microsoft Word.

Endnote for personal/home devices.  Staff and students from subscribing Schools* can request an Endnote download to install the software on personal/home devices via Software Services .  *Does not include the Schools of Informatics, Maths, Physics.

EndNote online is the web based version and free to all. It is a much less powerful tool than EndNote desktop although more bibliographic output styles, import filters, connection files and storage space for file attachments can be added by registering for it via The Library's Web of Science subscription rather than directly.

EndNote online - registration via Web of Science & EndNote Cite While You Write (in Word)

Help  EdHelp Clarivate/Endnote Support

How to use EndNote in 7 minutes

• EndNote training guide Comprehensive guide from supplier.

Endnote - FAQ

• Import from DiscoverEd

OpenURL/Finding the Full Text

• Author is an organisation
• Footnote citations
• Page numbers
• EndNote for Systematic Reviews
• Endnote Click

If you are working from off-campus, we recommend setting up the Virtual Private Network (VPN) to increase the success rate for finding full text.

For "Find full text" settings. In Endnote, go to Edit > Preferences > Find Full Text

Tick all the boxes. OpenURL Path:  https://libkey.io/libraries/665/openurl Authenticate with: URL: https://eux.idm.oclc.org/login?

This works best when you are on-campus. If you are off-campus it's best to connect via the VPN. However, it's also worth being aware that 'find full-text' will not always work for all references (particularly those without a DOI in the reference).

When entering an organisation as the author, add a comma after the entry to avoid splitting the name. This will display the author as 'World Health Organization' (rather than 'Organization, World Health').

This short video demonstrates how to use EndNote to insert footnotes in Word using the Chicago (footnotes) style.

Add a page number If you are using a style that does not support page numbers, you can still add them to your citation as follows: 1. Click on the citation that you want to add a page number to. 2. Click on the Edit & Manage Citation(s) button on the EndNote tab in Word. 3. A window will open - make sure the correct citation is selected, then type the page number into the Suffix box in the Edit Citation tab. Click OK.

This short webinar covers functions in EndNote (desktop version) that can help you manage your search results and save time with key stages of the systematic review process, including managing search results; de-duplicating results; screening within EndNote and recording decisions; exporting for screening or data extraction in other applications; obtaining full text.

EndNote Click  is an extension for Chrome browser that quickly tells you if you have access to a version of a journal article that you are looking at both on and off-campus. It detects when you are looking at an article’s page and if you have access, it will provide a link to the document. It covers both our subscription e-resources and open access e-resources. EndNote Click automatically files away the pdfs you read in your own private locker, to help you organise your files. 

Sign up to EndNote Click  using the Edinburgh specific URL  https://kopernio.com/try/4AKBi

Endnote Training delivered by Digital Skills

Webinar recording for ' EndNote for Managing References ' (EndNote 20. Recorded 2022/2023). If you would like to attend a training event, you can find dates and book here:  EndNote training events  

Zotero is an open-source reference management tool that can help you manage your references. 

Please note that support is not available from EdHelp. 

Endnote and Zotero workshops are delivered online via  Digital Skills  and the  Institute of Academic Development :

• Digital Skills
• Institute of Academic Development

This video will guide you through adding references quickly from a variety of sources and adding them automatically to your work.

Chapters (select via the icon on the top left)

• Introduction
• Getting Started 
• Adding Records 
• Creating citations in Word 
• Added Value 

Digital Skills Documents Catalogue: Library Bitesize - Zotero

• Zotero quick start guide
•   Zotero_workshop.pdf

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• Schools & departments

Undergraduate

Classics at Edinburgh offers one of the widest range of approaches to the subject in the UK. We are one of Europe’s leading centres for teaching and researching the ancient world.

Classics is a multidisciplinary subject, including all aspects of the Greek and Roman civilisations: language, literature and thought; political, social, economic and cultural history; art history and archaeology. It also involves the study of neighbouring states to the Greeks and the Romans, of later Greek and Latin speaking cultures, and of the Classical tradition.

Being a student in the Classics department at Edinburgh will let you learn from faculty members with research interests spanning all of these areas and a passion for brining students to the highest level in the field. We are the third largest Classics department in the UK, employing around 30 members of academic staff.

Our specialist courses are categorised under the main research areas within the discipline of Classics:

• Greek language and literature
• Latin language and literature
• ancient history
• classical art and archaeology.

It is also possible to take courses on Classical Literature in translation.

We have a wide range of degrees  in which you can focus on one, or more usually a combination, of these subdisciplines.

Our Greek and Latin courses combine rigorous and traditional linguistic training with study of a wide range of ancient literature. While a substantial number of students with prior experience in one or both languages, but it is possible to learn Greek and/ or Latin from scratch and to reach the highest standards over the four years of the degree.

Texts studied range chronologically from Homer and Hesiod to Byzantine Greek and late antique and Medieval Latin; love poetry, epic, history-writing, and oratory are among the specialities of our staff. Specialist skills in Greek and Latin palaeography and manuscripts are also taught. Courses on philosophical texts are regularly offered in both languages. Many of these subjects are also taught in translation.

Our ancient history and classical art and archaeology courses cover Greek history from Archaic Greece to the Roman conquest and Roman history from the republic to the fall of the empire; we also cover the history and archaeology of neighouring civilisations such as Persia, and of Byzantium, the successor-state to the Roman empire in the Greek east.

Opportunities

All undergraduate students within the Classics department, and especially those with a Classical archaeology focus, will have the opportunity to get involved in excavations run by members of staff. Recently, for example, our students have participated in ongoing excavations in Italy and Macedonia.

A word from our students...

Meet Caroline and Betsy to find out what they enjoy about studying Classics here at the University of Edinburgh.

View a full list of our Classics degrees