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111 Disaster Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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Disasters are a tragic part of human existence, and they can take many forms. From natural disasters like hurricanes and earthquakes to man-made disasters like mass shootings and industrial accidents, the impact of these events can be devastating. In order to raise awareness and promote discussion about these important issues, we have compiled a list of 111 disaster essay topic ideas and examples that you can use as inspiration for your next essay.

• The impact of climate change on natural disasters
• The role of social media in disaster response
• The psychological effects of experiencing a disaster
• How communities can prepare for a natural disaster
• The ethics of disaster relief efforts
• The effects of disasters on vulnerable populations
• The economic impact of natural disasters
• The role of technology in disaster response
• The effects of disasters on mental health
• The social implications of disaster response policies
• The role of government in disaster preparedness
• The impact of disasters on wildlife and ecosystems
• The importance of community resilience in disaster recovery
• The effects of disasters on infrastructure and development
• The role of education in disaster preparedness
• The relationship between poverty and vulnerability to disasters
• The impact of disasters on healthcare systems
• The effects of disasters on children and families
• The role of international aid in disaster relief efforts
• The ethical considerations of disaster response and recovery
• The impact of disasters on agriculture and food security
• The effects of disasters on water and sanitation systems
• The role of media in shaping public perceptions of disasters
• The relationship between climate change and the frequency of natural disasters
• The effects of disasters on tourism and local economies
• The role of volunteers in disaster response efforts
• The impact of disasters on cultural heritage sites
• The effects of disasters on education systems
• The relationship between disasters and conflict
• The role of social networks in coordinating disaster response efforts
• The impact of disasters on mental health services
• The effects of disasters on indigenous communities
• The relationship between disasters and public health
• The role of technology in predicting and mitigating disasters
• The effects of disasters on transportation systems
• The impact of disasters on energy infrastructure
• The role of insurance in disaster recovery efforts
• The effects of disasters on housing and homelessness
• The relationship between disasters and climate refugees
• The role of faith-based organizations in disaster relief efforts
• The impact of disasters on small businesses
• The effects of disasters on supply chains
• The relationship between disasters and food insecurity
• The role of gender in disaster response and recovery
• The impact of disasters on social cohesion
• The effects of disasters on mental health stigma
• The relationship between disasters and displacement
• The role of art and culture in disaster recovery efforts
• The impact of disasters on wildlife conservation efforts
• The effects of disasters on emergency response systems
• The relationship between disasters and political stability
• The role of public-private partnerships in disaster response efforts
• The impact of disasters on access to clean water and sanitation
• The effects of disasters on disaster risk reduction efforts
• The relationship between disasters and climate justice
• The role of community-based organizations in disaster recovery
• The impact of disasters on access to healthcare services
• The effects of disasters on access to education
• The relationship between disasters and human rights
• The role of intergovernmental organizations in disaster response efforts
• The impact of disasters on access to essential medicines
• The effects of disasters on access to shelter
• The relationship between disasters and social inequality
• The role of citizen science in disaster response efforts
• The impact of disasters on access to mental health services
• The effects of disasters on access to clean energy
• The relationship between disasters and environmental justice
• The role of youth in disaster response efforts
• The impact of disasters on access to information
• The effects of disasters on access to technology
• The relationship between disasters and urbanization
• The role of indigenous knowledge in disaster response efforts
• The impact of disasters on access to financial services
• The effects of disasters on access to transportation
• The relationship between disasters and access to employment
• The role of disability rights in disaster response efforts
• The impact of disasters on access to legal services
• The effects of disasters on access to social services
• The relationship between disasters and access to justice
• The role of human rights defenders in disaster response efforts
• The impact of disasters on access to reproductive health services
• The effects of disasters on access to education for girls 83

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Natural Disaster Essay: How to Write, Topics, & Examples

What would you do if someone told you that a tsunami would wipe out your house tomorrow afternoon? You won’t believe them. It always seems that natural disasters happen in someone else’s life. But every year, millions of people worldwide suffer from various natural calamities. This article attempts to systemize the chaos of nature for you to write an impressive natural disasters essay. You will get acquainted with the seven types of disasters, get a long list of topics and examples of natural disaster essay in 200 words and 300 words.

• 🌪️ Natural Disaster: The Basics
• 💡 114 Essay Topics
• 📑 Outlining Your Essay
• 🌊 Essay Sample (200 Words)
• 🏜️ Essay Sample (300 Words)

🌪️ Natural Disaster Essay: What Is It About?

A natural disaster is a large-scale meteorological or geological event that can to cause loss of life or massive damage to people’s property. Floods and severe storms are the most reported acts of nature in the US, but other incidents also happen from time to time. That is why you can dedicate your essay on natural disasters to earthquakes, droughts, wildfires, floods, tsunamis, hurricanes, or tornadoes.

💡 114 Natural Disasters Essay Topics

What could you write in a natural disaster essay? You can invent your own topic about various types of natural disasters, their causes, and aftermath, or their impact on human life and the economy. Depending on the discipline, you can also describe historic calamities that changed the direction of human civilization. Alternatively, choose one from our comprehensive list below.

• Why are the Great Plains of the central US ideal for tornado formation?
• Global Warming and Climate Change Legislation .
• Research the atmospheric parameters inside a tornado.
• Energy, Technology and Climate Change .
• Why are the boundaries of Tornado Alley in the US so debatable?
• The global climate change as a manmade disaster.
• Which actions should you never do when a tornado is nearby?
• Volunteers’ Role During Disasters .
• Suggest your opinion on the best action strategy in a hurricane.
• The Columbia Disaster and safety violations.
• What were the causes and effects of a flood?
• Analysis on Climate Change and Global Impact .
• Describe the most devastating wildfires in the US and find their common features.
• Earthquake Engineering Considerations and Methods .
• Brainstorm ideas to prevent wildfires.
• Global warming and the greenhouse effect.
• How can building dams cause earthquakes?
• Climate Change and Its Impact on Freshwater .
• Analyze the impact of droughts on tourism .
• Climate Change Effect on Coral Reef Communities .
• Describe the most extended droughts in human history.
• Marine and Coastal Climate Change in Australia .
• Write an essay on natural disasters and earthquakes in particular.
• Air pollution and mortality rates
• What are the distinctive features of droughts in third-world countries ?
• Global Warming, Climate Change, and Society’s Impact on the Environment .
• Study the relationship between global warming and droughts.
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After a Hurricane .
• Evaluate the damage caused by Hurricane Maria in 2017.
• Social Media’s Role in Disaster Response .
• Classify the effects of natural disasters in an essay.
• Sustainability and Climate Change .
• Describe the 1815 volcanic eruption of Mt. Tambora, Indonesia.
• Hurricane Katrina: Overview, Impact, Response .
• Each new leap of civilization causes new responses of nature.
• Animal Exploitation. Animal Agriculture and Climate Change .
• Think of any positive effects a volcanic eruption may have.
• In Arizona, Collaboration Averts Water Disaster .
• Children are the poorest victims of any disaster.
• A Solution to Remedy Climate Change .
• Which ways of disaster risk reduction do you know?
• An Emergency Operations Center During Hurricane Harvey .
• Research the current problems in disaster management.
• Disaster Recovery Plan for Information Technology Organizations .
• Analyze ineffective disaster management in an essay about hurricane Katrina.
• Nurse Competencies and Scope of Practice in Disaster .
• What should a household have at home in the case of a disaster?
• Hurricane Katrina: The Powerful Natural Disaster .
• Describe the humanitarian disaster during the drought in Somalia.
• Technology in Disaster Preparedness .
• Can man-made disasters entail natural calamities?
• Disaster Management in Philadelphia .
• Review the criteria for disaster classification.
• Jeddah Floods and Adaptation Strategies in the City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .
• Search for real examples of hybrid disasters.
• Natural Disasters Prevention: A Tabletop Exercise .
• Who is responsible for casualties after a natural disaster?
• The Sand Storms: Remote Sensing and Meteorological Variables .
• List the lessons we could learn from our past disaster experience.
• Fire Development, Growth, and Spreads .
• The ice storm and silver thaw: A gentle disaster.
• Fire Crisis Management in the UAE .
• Rockslides: A pressing issue for rural areas.
• 1d – 2d Flood Modeling Using PCSWMM .
• What are the psychological benefits of disaster preparedness?
• Structural Control and Origin of Volcanism in the Taupo Volcanic Zone .
• When does a blizzard become a disaster?
• Extreme Weather Events + Geographies of Globalization .
• Research the causes of dust storms and name the affected areas.
• Strategies for Sustainable Integrated Oil Disaster Management in West Africa .
• Why did the San Francisco earthquake (1906) cause devastating fires?
• Causes of Climate Change .
• What could be done to help people who lost their homes in an earthquake?
• Book Review: Energy and Global Climate Change .
• Analyze the role of World Vision in humanitarian aid after disasters.
• Tangshan earthquake of 1976 showed that high population density is disastrous.
• The Role of Carbon Dioxide in Climate Change .
• Rock avalanche: Why water is the most powerful geological agent.
• Aspects of Climate Change .
• When do extreme weather conditions turn into a disaster?
• Climate Change: Reasons, Kyoto Protocol .
• Write an article on shelter-providing organizations for disaster victims.
• Establishing an IT Disaster Recovery Plan .
• Describe earthquake cycles in Haiti.
• Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food .
• How can nature damage ecology in natural disasters?
• Climate Change. Problems. Effects .
• Disaster management should include psychological help to the survivors.
• Climate Change Causes: Position and Strategies .
• Suggest ways to prevent damage caused by debris flow.
• HAT 4: Disaster in Franklin Country .
• How did the lack of evacuation after the Bhola cyclone (1970) result in the massive death toll?
• The Effects of Climate Change .
• The most significant Yellow River flood: 2 million deaths in 1887.
• Resilience Building Against Natural Disasters in the Caribbean Islands .
• Sinkholes: A natural disaster or attraction for cavers and water-divers?
• Global Climate Change and Health .
• Describe the dynamics of landslides in California .
• Which early-warning systems to detect avalanches do you know?
• Los Angeles Regional Collaborative for Climate Action .
• Pyroclastic flow: The deadliest volcanic hazard.
• Communication During Disaster Response .
• Describe the volcano eruption of Vesuvius that destroyed the Herculaneum and Pompeii.
• Disaster Planning for Families .
• Disaster prevention measures: Investments that save millions of lives.
• Natural Disaster Management and Historical Prospective Study in the UAE .
• Research the PTSD in survivors of natural disasters.
• Are the latest disasters the nature’s fightback to humanity?
• Estimate the human impact on natural disasters.
• List the countries with the largest number of disasters and find their standard features.
• Everyday Communication on Climate Change .
• Insurance coverage against disasters: Our inevitable future.
• Emergency Planning Before and After Hurricane Katrina .
• One natural disaster could bring the world to its end.

Haven’t found a suitable topic in the list above? Use our essay topic generator to get more ideas.

📑 Natural Disaster Essay Outline

Outlines differ, depending on the assigned length and essay type. It is a reference sample. Feel free to modify it, extending some points and narrowing the others. Still, the overall structure should remain the same. We have chosen the “Causes of Earthquakes” essay topic for demonstrative purposes.

• Hook . There are millions of possible ways to start your essay, from a rhetorical question to any imaginable scenario. The point is to grab the reader’s attention, showing them that your writing is unique and creative. For example: We are always concerned with the consequences of a natural disaster. But what brought us into such a calamity in the first place?
• Concepts. Natural disasters can be studied in the framework of various disciplines. But in all cases, they are linked with geology, biology, chemistry, geography, and some other subjects with broad and complicated terminology. Explain the terms that could be elusive for your readers here. For example: For the purposes of this essay, an earthquake is a sudden displacement of the land surface.
• Background. How did you come to think of this problem? Why is it topical? The causes of earthquakes are numerous and often unrelated. To understand them as a system, we need a strict classification.
• Thesis statement . Clearly state the aim of your essay. This essay attempts to group the causes of earthquakes to determine which factors can be tackled by human forces.
• Transition sentence. It comes in the previous sentence (for paragraphs 2 and 3) and ensures smooth reading. E.g.: Tectonic movements are the most powerful causes of earthquakes, and we cannot influence them. But still, there is something we could do.
• Topic sentence . What will you explain in this paragraph? Human interference with nature can also cause earthquakes.
• Evidence. How can you confirm the topic sentence? Heavy clubbing of dam water can disturbance the crustal balance. Nuclear bombing causes shockwaves that penetrate the surface, changing the tectonic plates and their natural alignment. Mining can also cause earthquakes by removing extensive volumes of stone from under the ground.
• Warrant. Why does the reader need this information, and how does it relate to the thesis statement? Knowing these facts can help us change the old-fashioned approaches and lessen the ecological damage to our planet.
• Summary. Collect and summarize all your arguments here. Tectonic movements, volcano eruptions, and geological faults cause a significant part of earthquakes worldwide. But various man-made causes bring us to the same result.
• Rephrased thesis. We cannot stop the tectonic movements or hinder volcanic eruptions, but we can use natural resources with more care.

🌊 Natural Disaster Essay 200 Words

Below you will find a short natural disaster essay for 200 words. It explores the causes and effects of the tsunami in Japan in 2011.

Tsunami in Japan: Causes and Effects The proximity of the deadliest disasters is often unpredictable. As a result, the consequences of a tsunami can exceed any possible expectations. This essay looks for the decisive factors that caused the tsunami in Japan in 2011 and its results for the local population and other countries. The causes were out of human control and could not be predicted. The Pacific plate moved in the horizontal and vertical plane, advancing beneath the Eurasian Plate. It displaced the seawater above and entailed several destructive waves. The disaster had enormous consequences for the Japanese people and their economy. It killed almost 16,000 people, although the country had a sophisticated alarming system. Besides, the earthquake caused fires and explosions at oil factories. The cooling system of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant went out of service. Two people were lost, and many were injured. Nissan, like many other large corporations, had to suspend the operation of its four factories. The economic losses due to the catastrophe amounted to 300 billion dollars. But the disaster moved to other places. On 24 March 2011, the earthquake in the east of Myanmar claimed the lives of 60 people and destroyed 300 buildings. As we can see, everything is linked on our planet. Movements of the earth’ crust in any part of the world bring about earthquakes and tsunami in other countries. The series of waves in Japan was caused by the underwater earthquake and had horrible consequences.

🏜️ Natural Disaster Essay 300 Words

If your assignment is longer, you will have to provide your opinion in the essay. Or, you can make your argumentation more detailed. Below you can check our 300-word sample of a disaster essay.

The Economic Effects of the Dust Bowl Drought When someone says “a natural disaster,” we usually imagine an earthquake or a tsunami. Buildings are destroyed, and property is lost. But imagine a scenario of a devastating drought, which happened in the US in the 1930s. Its effect is less visible because it lies in the domain of the national economy. This essay reveals the economic consequences of the Dust Bowl drought. During the third decade of the XX century, strong winds raised choking dust in the southern states, from Texas to Nebraska. People and animals died as the crops failed in the area for several years in a row. The Dust Bowl lasted for almost a decade and was also called “the Dirty Thirties.” This drought intensified the impact of the Great Depression. Local farmers had to migrate to urban areas in search of better conditions and other sources of living. About 2.5 million people moved West from the worst-hit states, namely New Mexico, Texas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Kansas. But they found only discrimination, meager salaries, and inhuman working conditions. Many had to live in tents near irrigation ditches. They were called “Okies,” a disdainful name for migrants of any state. Regular rains returned to the southern states by the end of 1939, closing the drought. However, the economic aftermath persisted. The counties that suffered the most failed to recover the agricultural value of their land till the 1950s. Thus, the local population kept decreasing for twenty years. Although a drought does not ruin property, it can tangibly lower human life levels. The Dust Bowl threw people into a lose-lose situation. Their farms were unfit for gaining any profit, and the new places of living gave them no better opportunities. It took two decades to restore public wellbeing in the Southern States.

Researching the worst acts of nature can teach you to value what you have. We hope that this article has made your creative writing more manageable and pleasurable. You can write an essay of any length by simply following our outline. All you will need to do after that is make a cover page for it.

Please share your natural disaster essay ideas in the comments below.

❓ Natural Disaster Essay FAQ

How to write an essay about natural disaster.

Your approach should depend on the discipline. But in any case, you can discuss the types of disasters, their consequences, characteristics, and preconditions. The excellent idea is to select a past disastrous event and analyze it from the economic, social, or individual point of view.

What Is a Disaster Essay?

A disaster essay explores the stages of a natural or man-made calamity and seeks the possible ways to prevent similar emergencies in the future. An article on disaster management studies the correct and efficient activities to lower the casualties and property loss after a disaster.

What Is Disaster Preparedness Essay?

This type of writing analyzes the level of readiness of a region or municipality to an unexpected natural disaster. You can highlight the vulnerable groups of the population that will suffer the most. Or, you may invent measures that could reduce the disaster response and coping time. Such assignments teach you strategic thinking and a systematic approach to problem-solving.

How to Describe a Natural Disaster for an Essay?

You should specify that the event was unexpected and led to many deaths and property loss. The most critical things include the causes of the disaster, its progress and duration, and the negative consequences for the locals. You can also specify the negative effect on the economy and humanitarian condition of the area.

🔗 References

• Natural Disasters and Severe Weather | CDC
• Types of Disasters | SAMHSA
• Natural Disaster – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
• Natural Disasters – National Geographic
• What Is Disaster Management: Prevention and Mitigation

Essays About Natural Disasters: 5 Examples and Prompts

Essays about natural disasters teach us many things; read on to see examples and prompts you can use for your piece.

Natural disasters are the sudden occurrence of natural and severe hazards threatening human welfare and survival. These events can cause injuries, destroy assets such as homes and businesses, and even death. Some examples of natural disasters are tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, wildfires, and storms.

Although emergency protocols are in place to alleviate and prevent natural disasters’ impact on both humanity and the economy, there is still no guarantee that these will be able to protect and save everyone from these misfortunes. Therefore, writing essays about natural disasters helps spread awareness on how to act when one faces these mishaps properly.

Below are five examples you should read to create essays about natural disasters effectively:

1. Planning For a Safer Tomorrow by Jyotsana B

2. natural disasters are often not natural by sandra valdez, 3. natural disasters essay by pradeep, 4. equity during natural disasters by writer kip, 5. natural disasters: nature’s revenge by anonymous on loveliessays.com, 1. my experience with natural disasters, 2. natural disasters: a history, 3. natural disasters and the economy, 4. types of natural disasters, 5. my take on natural disaster management, 6. causes of natural disasters, 7. after effects of natural disasters, 8. recovery from a natural disaster.

“Natural disasters have a severe impact on the society, therefore it is important to plan and develop a safety programme and devise means to efficiently deal with natural disaster. Development programme that go into promoting development at the local level have been left to the general exercise of planning.”

The author shares tips on how to prevent calamities and be prepared in case these natural disasters occur. These steps include proper analysis and risk assessment, adequate information database, modern infrastructure, and networks of knowledge-based institutions. The essay further expounds on each point and gives specific directions on successfully implementing these precautions.

“The word ‘natural’ indicates that humans have not triggered the catastrophe. However, human activity can definitely interfere with nature, which in turn may either cause a natural disaster or make its impacts much worse.”

Although Valdez agrees that “natural disasters” means humans do not directly create them, she also considers human’s significant contributions to these tragedies. She offers an example of earthquakes and the fluid injection incident in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal in Denver, Colorado. She further lists more human activities that trigger earthquakes, blaming human engineering that stresses the Earth’s faults. Finally, she acknowledges human speeds up disasters and human elements are innate in these equations.

“There is no doubt that extending help to someone during tough times is paramount. Rich countries should support poverty-stricken nations with altruistic aid while calamities take place… Being rich, similar nations are in a position to support countries that suffer economically and emotionally during nature havoc. The result of this is, not only induces good relations between countries but also paves the way to commercial transactions with minimized taxes in the future.”

Pradeep supports that countries with more resources should aid those with lesser assets. It’s not only because of altruistic reasons but because it can also be the foundation for good relationships between governments. These relationships can result in successful transactions and give comfort and security to grief-stricken countries.

“Should we allow prices to increase during natural disasters or should we protect against price gouging?… No policy is best for everyone… In the grand scheme of things, the market will return to normal the quickest whenever the market prices are allowed to fluctuate.”

Kip criticizes the way businesses increase the goods’ prices when there is a natural disaster. He questions if it’s the right thing to do to consumers who are only trying to purchase what they need to be ready for catastrophes. 

He also includes business reviews that rationalize high prices by arguing increasing prices prevents product hoarding. He challenges this statement by asking the readers to consider those who don’t have the money to buy these overpriced essentials. The writer also mentions other terms to explain the economy during a natural disaster and even involves the government’s processes to mitigate its harmful effects.

“Our environment is our responsibility… Exactly who polluted our planet so much? There is only one answer: man. It is man’s actions that have caused the problem… Humanity must realize that if the current trends are allowed to continue unchecked, the future of life on Earth is at risk. it must be conserved.”

Is nature retaliating because of humans’ disregard for it? The author offers reports to present the unpredictability of these disasters brought by climate change. To further prove their points, the author lays down facts like the quick rising of the sea and changing rain patterns. 

At the end of the essay, the writer urges man to be an environmentalist because he depends on his surroundings for food and shelter. Therefore, to survive, humans must treat nature well.

A tip: Run your essay through essay writing apps to organize and help you with style and grammar.

8 Prompts on Essays About Natural Disasters

There are many aspects of natural disasters you can zero in on. Here are easy but compelling prompts to tackle:

Share your experience with a calamity, and narrate what happened before, during, and after. Are there certain things you wish you did or didn’t do? Include how it affected your life and how you understand things work, such as the importance of first responders and following authorities in times of panic and chaos.

Then, focus on your personal experience. For example, your family might have to move places because you lost your home. Or that today, you always have an emergency bag packed and ready. You might also be interested in these essays about nature .

List down notable natural disasters that changed the course of the world. This could include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and hurricanes. Then, explain why they happened, how the government or country dealt with it, and discuss the precautions executed in case the disaster occurs again. Finally, include the lessons you learned from these tragedies.

Explain how natural disasters affect the economy. Then, to make it more relatable, you can relay the impact of these tragedies on your life. For example, did any of your relatives lose their job because of a natural disaster? Was your family forced to close down your business? Include personal anecdotes to create an engaging essay.

List the many natural disasters and discuss them in detail. In this essay, you can delve into the causes of each type of natural disaster and how it impacts nearby civilizations. What do you fear the most in these disasters? To make it easier, you can pick two natural disasters to compare and contrast.

Choose an incident where natural disaster management was applied and give your thoughts about it. Research a recent natural disaster and study how the local and national government managed it. If any failed initiatives or points could be improved upon, make sure to write your thoughts about this in your essay. Then, you can discuss what you believe will aid natural disaster management in the future.

For this prompt, you can split your essay into two sections. One section can discuss environmental causes, while the other delves into human activities that cause natural disasters. Topics can include pollution, climate change, and overpopulation of small areas. To create an emotive essay, write about your thoughts on what we can do as a society to mitigate these harmful activities.

Consider the short and long-term effects of these natural disasters. You can concentrate on a specific tragedy that the general public knows so your reader can easily imagine what you describe in your essay. To make your piece more interesting, you can list natural disasters’ negative and positive effects.

If you want your essay to focus on something positive, choose to discuss new beginnings. For example, you can center on a community and how its people helped each other recover. You can also include the assistance they received from different places and how it aided them in restarting their lives after the disaster.

If you are interested in learning more, check out our essay writing tips !

Maria Caballero is a freelance writer who has been writing since high school. She believes that to be a writer doesn't only refer to excellent syntax and semantics but also knowing how to weave words together to communicate to any reader effectively.

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Essay on Disaster Management: 200+ Topics on Natural Disasters

Without a doubt, a natural disaster essay is a tough paper to write.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

To begin with, when people encounter a disaster risk, it’s a tragedy. Emergency situations can affect hundreds, thousands, and millions of people. These are the crises and events that change people’s lives drastically. So, disaster and emergency management essay topics aren’t that fun to discuss.

Moreover, an essay on disaster management requires thorough research. Mentioning how people handle natural hazards and recovery from such tragedies is essential for the paper. But you can approach the discussion from different sides.

In this article, our experts will help you with the following:

• How to nail disaster management essay writing.
• What to write your paper about.
• Types of disaster management and their importance.

And good luck!

• 📑 Essay Plan

📢 Disasters to Talk About

🌪️ natural disasters, ⚡ man-made disasters, 👨‍💼 disaster management, 🌎 disaster management essay topics, 🔗 resources, 📑 disaster essay plan.

If you’re writing an essay on such a serious topic, a how-to guide will be of great help. Here, we explore the ideas and issues to explore in your paper and the way to organize it.

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Check what information your natural disasters essay can include.

Start with the Basics

We skipped it in this post, but you shouldn’t do this in your paper.

When writing a natural disasters essay of 500 words, or 1000 words, it’s essential to start with some general facts:

• A natural disaster definition would be a good beginning. Tell about various types, too.
• You can also provide information about a national disaster of your choice.
• Talk about countries that suffer from it more frequently than others, like India, Japan, etc.
• You can also write a quick rundown of the latest natural disasters.

Don’t forget to make this part meaningful, leading to your thesis statement, where you state your position.

You can check how it can be done in the sample below:

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Go into More In-Depth Details

In the main body, provide specific details about the catastrophe you’ve decided to describe:

• the locations where it can happen,
• causes of natural disasters,
• effects this particular disaster can have (both on the environment and in people’s lives),

Elaborating on each issue, offer evidence. For example, the disaster’s effect on transportation, infrastructure, economy, and so on can be supported by worldwide statistics data. A previously made outline might be a great help here.

Another thing you can do:

You can compare the disaster in question with other ones of the same type. Talk about the damages caused by them and how people dealt with the aftermath. Provide a couple of examples to prove your point.

Be sure to provide as many details as possible. As a result, your essay is maximally useful.

Get an originally-written paper according to your instructions!

Talk About Disaster Management

Now, you can pass on the details of handling the situation. To be more specific, you’re going to tell your readers what to do in case of a catastrophe.

In this part of your essay on disaster management, you will have to talk about its phases. They are:

Preparedness

We’ll talk more about disaster management later on in the article.

Make Your Disaster Essay Even More Helpful

Do you want to make your disaster management essay more informative and impressive? Then tell about various organizations that deal with managing disasters. These resources can also help natural disaster victims or those who want to be aware of all the necessary information if something terrible happens.

Say a few words about the following organizations:

• International Association of Emergency Managers
• PreventionWeb
• United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
• FEMA Recovery Resources
• Disaster Resource Guide
• Disaster Assistance
• American Red Cross
• Habitat for Humanity
• The Salvation Army
• World Confederation for Physical Therapy disaster management resources

These resources provide information about the prevention of natural disasters and what types of assistance are available. How to find missing friends or family members? What are the ways of recovering after disaster strikes? There are also community resources that can help with recovery.

End on a High Note

You don’t want to frustrate your reader, leaving them with a bitter impression. No matter how long your natural disaster essay is – 200 words, 300 words, or a thousand. It’s crucial to deliver a positive message.

Here’s what you can do;

• Talk about the consequences. Tell about the lessons that catastrophic events you’ve described teach us, as human beings. Spreading awareness about the consequences is essential, especially if we talk about man-made disasters. You might mention the role of the media in spreading awareness about environmental disasters.
• Talk about dealing with disasters. It might be a natural disaster, such as a tsunami, or human-made, like the Chernobyl disaster. Your essay should include info about how people dealt with them. The experience individuals get from dealing with disasters is priceless.
• Mention the value of human life. Encountering natural disasters reminds people of how fragile their lives are. It shows the importance of cherishing the life given.

In the end, you’ll have to summarize your essay and restate your thesis. While you try not to leave a negative message, don’t present any new thoughts or concepts. Draw a clear conclusion from the info mentioned in the body.

As we’ve mentioned earlier, disasters are divided into two categories—natural and man-made.

Natural disasters are phenomena or processes that occur due to a force of nature and hurt the environment and people. They can cause injuries, property damage, environmental damage, and loss of life or other health impacts.

There are two types of natural disasters—geological hazards (involving geological processes) and meteorological hazards (or climate hazards).

Geological Hazards

A geological hazard is an extreme natural event in Earth’s crust that represents a threat to life and property. Now, let’s take a closer look at them.

Meteorological Hazards

Meteorological hazards are calamities caused by extreme weather factors, such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. So, let’s talk in more detail about these.

Man-made disasters (also known as anthropogenic) are events caused by the action or inaction of humans. These disasters also affect the environment, humans, other organisms, and ecosystems.

Let’s now move to describe disasters themselves to give you ideas for your future essay.

Societal Hazards

Most societal hazards can be prevented by taking proper measures and actions. These hazards usually appear due to anti-social and criminal behavior. It all can be reported if spotted at the right time.

Hazards Related to Dangerous Materials

Dangerous materials released from man-made or natural hazards threaten human health by increasing the possibility of human exposure to hazardous materials. So, now, let’s take a look at them.

Transportation Hazards

Transportation hazards include disastrous events that can happen anywhere. On the road, in aviation, on railways, in sea travel, and even in space. Several reasons can cause a crash, from mechanism malfunctions to trivial inattention or carelessness. Such catastrophes not only endanger the people involved in them. They also harm the environment, for example, when freight vehicles are involved.

Environmental Hazards

A man-made disaster is classified as environmental if it affects ecosystems and biomes. Such disasters include air pollution, uncontrollable deforestation, oil spills, and water pollution.

What is natural disaster management , anyway? What is the role of adults and youth in it?

Disaster management is the management and organization of responsibilities and resources. Its goal is to deal with the humanitarian aspects of an emergency. Put simply, how to help victims of natural disasters.

There are five stages of the disaster management process:

Let’s see what each of these stages entails.

The name of this stage explains its purpose. Its primary focus is on preventing hazards and potential natural disasters.

Measures are usually taken on different scales, including international and domestic levels. They’re designed to provide reliable protection from possible disasters.

Of course, it isn’t possible to stop all disasters. But there’s always a chance to minimize the risks of injuries and loss of life. All thanks to environmental planning, evacuation plans, and the introduction of specific design standards.

Mitigation measures are those that are taken before a disaster or emergency happens. It aims to reduce or eliminate the risks and impact a hazard can have on people and the environment.

Mitigation measures come in different forms depending on the hazard itself.

Here are some examples of possible actions:

• Structural changes to buildings
• Securing items inside buildings
• Installation of generators
• Construction of shelters
• Large-scale mitigation measures on the national level

The focus of this stage is to prepare supplies and equipment. It also involves developing usage procedures when a disaster happens.

The primary goal is to reduce the level of people’s vulnerability to a disaster. Also, to mitigate a disaster’s impact. And to be able to have a more effective response in case of an emergency.

Organizations like the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) even develop a disaster management plan. They also make disaster supply kit lists. Other agencies and organizations use them to teach people how to help each other. Or they modify those plans to increase their effectiveness. Those can be found on the web in the form of downloadable PDF files or printed handouts.

The response stage aims at fulfilling the humanitarian needs of the population affected by a disaster. Depending on the consequences, anyone can provide such assistance, including individuals, social workers, organizations, national and international agencies.

The most important part of the proper response is the effective coordination of assistance, especially if there’s a misbalance in the amounts of demand and the available answers.

In the case of massive and overwhelming disasters, donations play a crucial role in the response process. They range from all kinds of gifts to money (which is the most efficient type of assistance).

The question is: can communities recover after the disaster happens?

The recovery stage begins after the threat to human life is gone. The goal here is to bring the affected area back to normal condition as quickly and efficiently as possible.

This stage usually involves numerous processes—reconstructing buildings, refilling food availability, and preparing the equipment.

• The role of the government oeganizations in mitigation of natural disasters. 
• Discuss how to address the needs and demands of vulnerable population in disaster management .   
• Explain why earthquakes are among the most dangerous natural disasters.  
• Natural disasters and the strategies of disaster management in Katmandu. 
• Natural disasters and vulnerable health populations. 
• Describe the ways to improve disaster response .
• Discuss the cases of post-disaster fraud and how to prevent them.  
• Analyze the level of natural disaster preparedness in Texas .
• Compare international and South Africa’s disaster management.  
• What disaster mitigation strategies can reduce the consequences of flash floods .  
• Examine how natural disasters influence various systems.  
• Describe the ways media responds to natural disasters .  
• The vital role of SNS in a case of a disaster. 
• Analyze ethical and legal issues that arise in case of a natural disaster.  
• Explain why hurricane Katrina is considered one of the worst national disasters in the USA.  
• Describe 2 different global disasters and explain their causes.  
• Discuss the importance of emergency planner in effective disaster preparedness .  
• Issues that may arise during rebuilding and recovery after natural disaster.   
• The main aspects of safety and disaster training for healthcare workers. 
• Analyze winter snow disaster in Philadelphia and its impact on the community.  
• Describe the effect of natural disasters on the supply chain .  
• Examine the reasons and consequences of the Budalangi flood .  
• Explain why the 1900 Galveston hurricane is regarded as disaster management failure . 
• Explain why the problem of wildfire in California is getting out of control.  
• Discuss the response to the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami .  
• Compare and analyze the earthquakes in California and Armenia .  
• What were the causes and consequences of Haiti earthquake .  
• The management of evacuations from Gulf Coast hurricanes . 
• Describe what the emergency response to a volcano eruption should be.  
• Why was the blizzard of 1888 so deadly?  
• Is it possible to avoid catastrophic drought ?  
• Analyze how media depicts droughts in Africa .  
• Discuss economic and environmental consequences of earthquakes .  
• The importance of proper training for an effective disaster management.  
• Explain the meaning of “ New Normal” concept after disaster .  
• What steps should government take for better protection from wildfire ?  
• Basic aspects of disaster management in big cities.  
• Analyze the issues and lessons of hurricane Katrina.  
• Compare the preparedness and response strategies to Haiti and Japan’s earthquake. 
• Describe tsunami causes and countermeasures.  

Hopefully, you’ve found this guide on natural disaster essay writing useful.

If you have any thoughts on writing disaster essays—make sure to leave a comment about it below. You can also leave a comment if you want to share more disaster resources. Have any questions, suggestions, or even a story to tell? Leave a comment!

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It’s really superb!

Thank you, Asumthamary!

Wow. It is very helpful. Thanks.

Thank you for the feedback!

What is the most effective process of prevention disasters?

It’s quite a complex process, and there’s definitely more than one choice.

Thank you a lot. I found this post very helpful in writing my essay on disaster management. Best regards, Michael

Thanks for the excellent guide to writing an essay on disaster management. Very helpful points to include in a disaster management paper! I wish you good luck!

137 Hurricane Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on hurricane, ✍️ hurricane essay topics for college, 👍 good hurricane research topics & essay examples, 🎓 most interesting hurricane research titles, 💡 simple hurricane essay ideas, ❓ hurricane research questions.

• Hurricane Katrina: Government Ethical Dilemmas
• Mississippi’ Disaster: Hurricane Katrina Crisis Strategy
• Strategies Applicable to the Hurricane Katrina
• Galveston Hurricane of 1900
• Hurricane Katrina’s Mental Health Impact on Populations
• The 1900 Galveston Hurricane: Disaster Management Failure
• Hurricane Katrina as One of the Worst National Disasters in the USA
• Hurricane Katrina: Improvised Communication Plan This article seeks to highlight improvised communication plans adopted by the victims in the shelter at the Houston Astrodome.
• Hurricane Hanna, Aftermath and Community Recovery The consequences of the hurricane Hanna that were described by the Federal Emergency Management Agency suggest possible long-lasting environmental issues.
• Hurricane Katrina, Its Economic and Social Impact Hurricane Katrina is one of the worst disasters that ever happened on the territory of the US, and the magnitude of the damage that it has caused is nearly impossible to measure.
• Tornado and Hurricane Comparison Both a tornado and a hurricane are fraught with terrible consequences, both in terms of material damage and the possible injuries. Hurricanes causes impressively lesser damage.
• Hurricane Maria and Community Response to Hazard Hurricane Maria, which took place in the United States, Puerto Rico, and Dominica on September 20, 2017, is believed to be one of the most devastating natural disasters.
• Hurricanes and National Incident Management Processes This paper discusses the impact of hurricanes and the response efforts that are put in place to mitigate the effects of the disaster.
• Hurricane Response Plan: Analysis The City of Baton Rouge Emergency Services has developed a five-step detailed response plan in the event of a major hurricane to reduce risks to civilians and city infrastructure.
• The Hurricane Katrina: Consequences Hurricane Katrina is one of the unprecedented disasters that led to deaths and the destruction of economic resources.
• Aspects of Hurricane Irma: Analysis The paper examines Hurricane Irma and the responses of the country, state, and Monroe County to the disaster. Irma was one of the most powerful hurricanes.
• Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans Hurricane Katrina made landfall in New Orleans, on the United States Gulf Coast, on August 29, 2005, leaving a path of devastation and flooding in her wake.
• Hurricane Vince: The Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Vince is a tropical cyclone that formed and developed in the eastern region of the Atlantic Ocean in 2005, near the Iberian Peninsula.
• Destructive Atlantic Hurricane Season in 2017 The deadly and destructive 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season affected many people in society as it made people lose over 200 billion dollars.
• Hurricane Katrina: Military and Civilian Response One of the three most dramatic catastrophes of the millennium, hurricane Katrina highlighted weak points of government and military forces.
• Hurricane Katrina and Failures of Emergency Management Operations Hurricane Katrina came from the coast of Louisiana on August 29, 2005, immediately resulting in a Category 3 storm as winds reached the speed of over 120 miles per hour.
• Hurricane: How Human Actions Affect It To prevent the frequent occurrence of hurricanes, it is necessary to understand the process of their occurrence and how human actions affect it.
• Hurricane Katrina: Hazards Management This paper explores the events of Hurricane Katrina in regard to the arguments for and against rebuilding along the shorelines.
• Loss Prevention and How It Was Affected by Hurricane Katrina The most damaging flood in United States’ history, is known as the 2005 Great New Orleans Flood or Katrina. It is estimated that the damages were incurred in 2005.
• Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and Hurricane Harvey The coast of the United States in general and Texas in particular experiences tropical storms on a regular basis. Hurricanes hit the Texas coastline, often causing property damage.
• How Climate Change Increases the Risk of Hurricanes Hurricanes generate significant financial loss particularly in areas with a high degree of development activities.
• The Atlantic Hurricane Season Explained The Atlantic hurricane occurs from June 1 to November 30. It peaks sharply from late August to September; in most cases, the season is at the highest point around September 10.
• Article Review: “The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Trust in Government” The research applies trust concept to and measured in dwellers of several counties within Mississippi and Louisiana.
• Organizational Behavior and Motivation in Hurricane Response This article examines methods that could be used to manage the aftermath of the Katrina disaster by some theorists in the field of creating mechanisms to regulate human behavior.
• Recovery Efforts During 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina It is a prerequisite of any government in place to always be prepared for any disaster of whatever nature whether natural or humanly initiated.
• Hurricane Katrina and the USA’s South While the hurricane Katrina was natural, the destruction it caused was largely the result of the USA’s disregard of the south and its people.
• Hurricane Katrina: Determining Management Approach This paper discusses approaches to organizational change, their advantages, and disadvantages in connection with emergency management, for such disasters as Hurricane Katrina.
• National Guidance During Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina provided a lesson for the authorities of different levels. This paper analyzes the connection between the National Guidance and Hurricane Katrina.
• Hurricane Katrina and Public Administration Action This paper discusses public administration action during Hurricane Katrina, examines key omissions, Super Dome, a “location of last resort,” and other related issues.
• Health Department’s Actions in Hurricanes The major role of Health Department officials in case of hurricanes is to coordinate the response of all the medical personnel that is a charge of rendering continuous aid.
• Disaster Management: Evacuations from Gulf Coast Hurricanes The main challenge that faced the emergency response to Hurricane Katrina and Rita was the inadequate protection of evacuees with medical and other special needs.
• 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina in Psychological Aspect The purpose of this essay is to analyze the response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks and Hurricane Katrina, mainly from psychological perspectives.
• PTSD-Related Intervention in the Hurricane Context The aftermath of the hurricane is expected to bring about posttraumatic stress disorder (PSTD) symptoms among the millions of affected victims.
• Hurricane Katrina and Emergency Planning Lessons Hurricane Katrina was a storm that struck the Gulf Coast of the United States in 2005 and that caused massive damages that affected the social and economic lifestyles.
• History: Hurricanes and British Sugar and Rice Markets In the article, Mathew Mulcahy explores the destructive power of hurricanes and their connection to the dynamics of sugar and rice markets in Great Britain.
• Structural Violence and Hurricane Matthew in Haiti Paul Farmer’s chapter “Suffering and Structural Violence” explains the concept of structural violence and applies it to Haiti.
• Houston’s Revitalization After Harvey Hurricane Hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods can result in property damage and kill people. This paper will discuss possibilities for a revitalization of Houston after Harvey.
• Early PTSD Interventions in the Event of a Hurricane Debriefing is a kind of psychological treatment offered to survivors of natural disasters in order to reduce their psychological morbidity that may appear as a natural reaction to the trauma.
• Hurricane Katrina: Facts, Impacts and Prognosis Hurricane Katrina was one of the most serious natural disasters to hit the United States of America over the last hundred years.
• Hurricane Katrina’ Meaning: Mental, Economic, and Geographical Impact In a bid to understand Hurricane Katrina, this paper will focus on the mental, economic, and geographical impact of Hurricane Katrina.
• Hurricane Katrina Emergency Management This paper discusses the effects, response, recovery, and lessons that people learned from Hurricane Katrina disaster with a particular focus on New Orleans Fire Department.
• Hurricane Katrina and the US Emergency Management Hurricane Katrina was a storm that struck the Gulf Coast of the US in 2005. The Federal Emergency Management Agency was responsible for creating and maintaining an emergency plan.
• Hurricane Olesya Devastates Local Economy
• Disaster Relief Coordination Failed in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
• Irish Famine and Hurricane Katrina
• Hurricane Sandy: Lessons Learned From the Natural Disasters
• Comparisons Between Hurricane Sandy and Hurricane Katrina
• Shelter Location and Transportation Planning Under Hurricane Conditions
• Coastal Building Codes and Hurricane Damage
• Disaster Management Lessons Learned From Hurricane Katrina
• Racism During Hurricane Katrina
• Hurricane Sandy, Mitigation and Recovery
• Hurricane Katrina and the Levee System and Its Affect on Organizational Behavior
• The Preparedness Efforts Leading Up for Hurricane Floyd
• Differences Between the Impacts of Hurricane Katrina and Cyclone Nargis
• Hurricane Katrina: Natural Disaster or Racial Disaster
• The Impact Hurricane Andrew Made on Florida
• Does Global Warming Have an Effect on Hurricanes?
• Hurricane Andrew Southeast Florida
• Preparing Your Boat for a Hurricane
• Knowledge Management and Hurricane Katrina Response
• Hurricane Katrina and the Human Resources
• Northern Hemisphere Hurricanes Hurricane Storm
• Decision-making Issues During Hurricane Katrina
• Federalism and Hurricane Katrina
• Social Capital and Social Learning After Hurricane Sandy
• Twelve Years Later: The Long-term Mental Health Consequences of Hurricane Katrina
• Will Hurricanes Like Hurricane Maria Become More Common in the Future?
• Hurricane Katrina and Its Effects on New Orleans
• Development, Specification, and Validation of Hurricane Resiliency Index
• Communication Failures During Hurricane Katrina
• Wikimedia Foundation and Atlantic Hurricane
• Personal Hurricane Evacuation Plan
• Governmental Action During and After Hurricane Katrina
• Fault for the Recovery Efforts of Hurricane Katrina
• Home Insurance, and Hurricane Preparations
• Immigration From New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina
• Hurricane Katrina and Its Impact on the United States
• United States Government Response to Hurricane Katrina
• Hurricane Katrina and Its Effects on Public
• FEMA’s Effectiveness During the 2005 Hurricane Season
• Hurricane Katrina and the New Orleans Levee System
• New Orleans Business Recovery in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
• Race, Hurricane Katrina, and the Aftermath
• The People’s Plan For Overcoming the Hurricane Katrina Blues
• Hurricane Katrina Disaster Response
• Hurricane Katrina and Its Impact on the New Orleans Economy
• Did Hurricane Katrina Expose Racism in America?
• The Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900
• Hurricane Katrina and Global Warming
• Government Interaction After Hurricane Katrina
• Comparison Between 2003 WildFire and Hurricane Katrina Disaster
• Flooding and Finances: Hurricane Harvey’s Impact on Consumer Credit
• Government Involvement During Hurricane Katrina
• Tropical Cyclone and Scale Hurricane Structure
• The Impact and Dangers of Hurricane Irene
• The Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model
• The Chicago Heat Wave: The Effects of Hurricane Katrina
• Understanding Hurricane Andrew and Its Aftermath in Florida
• Factors Associated With Hurricane Evacuation in North Carolina
• Florida Law Enforcement’s Role in the 1995 Hurricane Season
• Ethical Dilemma With the Effects of Hurricane Katrina
• Does Global Warming Affect Hurricane Frequency and Intensity?
• What Is the Easiest Way to Prepare for a Hurricane?
• How Did Hurricane Katrina Affect the People of New Orleans?
• Does Hurricane Risk Affect Individual Well-Being?
• What Are the Greatest Hazards During a Hurricane?
• How Did Puerto Laina Affect the Hurricane in America?
• Was New Orleans Prepared for Hurricane Katrina in 2005?
• How Was Hurricane Katrina Caused by Heat Exhaustion?
• Was the Poor Response to Hurricane Katrina a Case of Racism?
• How Did Hurricane Katrina Expose Race and Class Issues in America?
• What Did Hurricane Katrina Teach Us?
• How Did the Government Fail the Victims of Hurricane Katrina?
• What Things Were Unique About the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane?
• How Did the Hurricane Impact Human History?
• How Did the Hurricane Sandy Affect the Economy of the USA?
• What Are 10 Things You Need to Survive a Hurricane?
• Can You Stay in the Eye of a Hurricane?
• What Are the Steps of a Hurricane?
• Should You Sleep During a Hurricane?
• What Is One of the Most Important Actions to Take Before a Hurricane?
• Does Taping Windows Help During Hurricane?
• What Is the Number 1 Safety Tip for Surviving a Hurricane?
• Is There a Warning Before a Hurricane?
• What Floor Is Safest in a Hurricane?
• How Long Does It Take for Florida to Recover From a Hurricane?
• What Are the Main Conditions Necessary for a Hurricane?
• Are Hurricanes Getting Worse?
• What Is the Risk Factor of Hurricanes?
• How Can a Hurricane Be Stopped?

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These essay examples and topics on Hurricane were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on December 27, 2023 .

Natural Disasters Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on natural disasters.

A Natural disaster is an unforeseen occurrence of an event that causes harm to society. There are many Natural disasters that damage the environment and the people living in it. Some of them are earthquakes , cyclones, floods, Tsunami , landslides, volcanic eruption, and avalanches. Spatial extent measures the degree or severity of the disaster.

Levels of Disaster

The severity or degree of damage can be further divided into three categories:

Small Scale Disasters: Small scale disasters are those that extend from 50 Kms. to 100 Kms. So this kind of disasters does not cause much damage.

Medium-scale disasters: Medium Scale disasters extend from 100 Kms to 500 Kms. These cause more damage than a small scale disaster. Moreover, they can cause greater damage if they occur in colonial states.

Large Scale Disasters: These disasters cover an area of more than 1000 Kms. These cause the most severe damage to the environment. Furthermore, these disasters can even take over a country if the degree is high. For instance, the wiping out of the dinosaurs was because of a large scale natural disaster.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Types of Disasters

Causes: These can cause of releasing of the energy. This release is from the core of the earth. Furthermore, the release of energy causes seismic waves. Rupturing of geological faults causes earthquakes. But other events like volcanic eruptions, landslides mine blasts can also cause it.

Landslides: Landslides is the moving of big boulders of rocks or debris down a slope. As a result, landslides occur on mountains and hilly areas. Moreover, landslides can cause destruction to man-made things in many ways.

Causes: Gravitational pull, volcanic eruptions , earthquakes can cause landslides. Moreover, soil erosion due to deforestation is also a cause of landslides.

Avalanches: Avalanches are like landslides. But instead of rocks thousand tons of snow falls down the slope. Moreover, this causes extreme damage to anything that comes in its way. People who live in snowy mountains always have fear of it.

Causes: Avalanches takes places when there is a large accumulation of snow on the mountains. Moreover, they can also occur from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Furthermore, the chances of surviving an avalanche are very less. This is because people die of hypothermia in it.

Tsunami: Tsunami is the production of very high waves in oceans and seas. Moreover, the displacement of the ground causes these high waves. A tsunami can cause floods if it occurs near shores. A Tsunami can consist of multiple waves. Moreover, these waves have a high current. Therefore it can reach coastlines within minutes. The main threat of a tsunami is if a person sees a Tsunami he cannot outrun it.

Causes: Tsunami is unlike normal eaves that occur due to the wind. But Tsunami is waves that occur by ground displacement. Thus earthquakes are the main causes of Tsunamis.

FAQs on Essay on natural disaster

Q1.What are natural disasters?

A1. Natural Disasters are unforeseen events that cause damage to the environment and the people.

Q2.Name some Natural disasters.

A2. Some Natural Disasters are earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, Landslides, floods, Tsunami, avalanches. Natural disasters can cause great damage to human society. But preventive measures can be taken to reduce the damage from these disasters.

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Natural Disasters — Natural Disasters: Causes and Impacts

Natural Disasters: Causes and Impacts

• Categories: Natural Disasters

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Published: Jan 31, 2024

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Table of contents

Introduction, definition of natural disasters, causes of natural disasters, environmental effects of natural disasters, economic effects of natural disasters, social effects of natural disasters, mitigation and preparedness measures.

• Callaghan, K., & Alexander, M. (2018). Hurricane Harvey on the Gulf Coast: A Comprehensive Analysis of Impacts. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School.
• IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press.
• McMahon, J., & Keefer, J. (2016). Social Vulnerability and Tropical Cyclones in Sint Maarten. Journal of Water and Climate Change , 7(2), 396-408.
• UNDRR. (2017). Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. United Nations.
• Vos, F., Dykes, J., & Pierce, L. (2017). Flood Preparedness and Early-warning System Effectiveness in the Philippines. Disasters, 41(S1), S16-S37.

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• Tornado Essays

Tornado Essays (Examples)

179+ documents containing “tornado” .

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Tornadoes nature's phenomenon.

Tornadoes: Nature's Phenomenon hat is a Tornado? A tornado is "a violent, destructive, whirling wind accompanied by a funnel-shaped cloud that progresses in a narrow path over the land" (Merriam-ebster, Incorporated, 2012). Tornadoes can develop in mere seconds and destroy everything in their path Sometimes, a tornado will happen so quickly that there is little or no sign before it starts (Federal Emergency Management Association, 2012). A tornado can have the strongest winds on earth, up to 300 MPH, and can cause "fantastic destruction and great loss of life, mainly from flying debris and collapsing structures" (Snow, 2012). How and hat of Tornadoes How, hat The National Severe Storms Laboratory studies tornadoes and says that tornadoes come from thunderstorms. Before the thunderstorm, the wind changes direction, becomes faster and becomes higher. Then it becomes an invisible spinning wind going horizontally in the lower atmosphere. hile the thunderstorm is happening, air rises inside it and tilts the spinning….

Works Cited

About.com. (no date). Enhanced F. scale for tornado damage. Retrieved April 6, 2012 from Geography.about.com: http://geography.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=geography&cdn=education&tm=35&gps=346_42_1366_651&f=00&su=p284.13.342.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ef-scale.html

Brain, M., & Lamb, R. (2012). How tornadoes work. Retrieved April 6, 2012 from Science.howstuffworks.com Web site:  http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/storms/tornado3.htm 

Federal Emergency Management Association. (2012). Tornadoes. Retrieved April 6, 2012 from Ready.gov Web site:  http://www.ready.gov/tornadoes 

Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. (2012). Tornado. Retrieved April 6, 2012 from Merriam-Webster.com Web site:  http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tornado

Tornadoes What Causes a Tornado Tornado' Comes

TORNADOES What causes a tornado? Tornado' comes in English from a Spanish word 'tornada' that means 'thunderstorm'. As defined by Nation Weather Service, a tornado is a 'violently rotating column of air in contact with the ground and pendant from a thunderstorm'. Tornadoes result when there is stuffiest amount of moisture in the atmosphere at lower and mid levels, and when this condition gets combined with warm unstable air that rises above due to a lifting force. Initially, there should be some reason to cause air to flow upwards and to contribute in the formation of a tornado. This happens due to the fact that warm air is considerably lighter in weight than cold air (Earthbulletin). The buoyant air is produced as atmosphere gets heated near the ground surface. The heated air, which is warm and light, begins to rise upward and if during this phenomenon, a thrust of cool air is….

Bibliography http://www.f-5stormshelters.com/faqs.htm basic guide to what causes tornadoes  http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wtwist2.htm 

The American Museum of Natural History - EarthBulletin - Storms - Where Do Tornadoes Form? http://earthbulletin.amnh.org/C/4/2/index.html

Tornadoes Fact Sheet  http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/torn.htm   http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/tornado.htm 

Weather Watch: Tornadoes http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/wwatch/tornado/emergency/warning.htm

Severe Weather Pattern Shifts In The United States. Aon Corporation. www.impactforecasting.com

Tornadoes From the Viewpoint of

Today, however society has an extremely advanced ability to be forewarned of a possible or actual tornado sighting before it ever touches ground. One method commonly used is a Doppler radar system that can detect a tornado while it is still in the sky and warn those in its path to take cover before it touches down. There are times that it won't touch down but is swirling in the sky. In addition to the Doppler radar system there are technologies. Even with today's technologies at society disposal one of the most relied on methods for tornado warnings is the use of trained human storm chasers and spotters. The tornado spotters are trained to go out into weather that is capable of producing tornadoes, follow those storms and report in by phone if one is seen on the ground. They are able to detect it on the ground whereas the….

Schaefer, Joseph T. (2000) TORNADOES OF 1999: Twisters go urban.

Weatherwise

Guy Gugliotta (2003) Tornadoes' Effects Defy Simple Models, Theories

The Washington Post

Tornado Disaster in 1925

Tri-State tornado of 1925 is known to be one of the most lethal natural phenomena that has hit the U.S. especially because it found the residents of the three states that it affected totally unprepared and the path of the tornado was also long and wide in its coverage. It is estimated that the tornado took around only three and a half hours to cause the massive destruction that would dent the economy and livelihoods of the three states for decades. It is known to be the deadliest twister to hit the heartland in history. The path of the tornado ripped through Illinois, Indiana and down to Missouri. It is estimated to have destroyed well above 15,000 homes leaving approximately 700 people dead with the largest casualty being in Illinois which saw 613 people dead and another 2,000 people with injuries (Nguyen T.C., 2007). The reason behind such a massive death….

Henley J, (2013). Tornadoes can kill, and the Tri-State tornado was the deadliest of them all. Retrieved May 6, 2015 from  http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/may/21/tri-state-tornado-deadliest-of-all 

History by Zim, (2013). The Tri-State tornado of 1925. Retrieved May 6, 2015 from  http://www.historybyzim.com/2013/07/tri-state-tornado/ 

Nguyen T.C., (2007). The 10 Worst U.S. Natural Disasters. Retrieved May 6, 2015 from  http://www.livescience.com/11365-10-worst-natural-disasters.html

Tornadoes Including the Basic Background

Seconds later the twister struck. The kitchen door fell on the husband, pinning him to the ground. After the roof blew away, hail battered his face and body. The house disintegrated, but he survived and so did the dog. The woman, however, was crushed in the debris (osenfeld 179). By coincidence, researchers from the University of Oklahoma were just outside Spencer before the tornado hit, which is one reason authors like osenfeld know so much about the tornado that destroyed Spencer. He writes, "Just a mile outside town, scientists from the University of Oklahoma had parked a small truck full of computers and meteorological equipment. They had driven more than 300 miles to document Spencer's tornado with their Doppler radar" (osenfeld 180). These were professional storm chasers, who knew how to follow the weather that often predicts tornadoes. In recent years, "storm chasing" has become a popular recreational pastime. Professional storm….

Abraham Resnick. Due to the Weather: Ways the Elements Affect Our Lives. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

Robertson, David. "Beyond Twister: A Geography of Recreational Storm Chasing on the Southern Plains [*]." The Geographical Review 89.4 (1999): 533.

Rosenfeld, Jeffrey O. Inside the World's Deadliest Hurricanes, Tornadoes, and Blizzards. New York: Plenum Press, 1999.

Destructive Force of Tornadoes

Tornadoes in the United States Every state in the union has experienced them, and the destruction caused by tornadoes each year can climb into the billions of dollars. Scientists have learned a great deal about tornadoes over the past several decades, though, and warning systems are now able to prevent many of the casualties that tornadoes used to cause. To determine what has been learned and what steps have been taken for warning systems, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning tornadoes, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion. Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that reach from a cloud to the earth's surface (What is a tornado?, 2014). The spring months of April, May, and June are the period in which the majority of tornadoes in the Northern Hemisphere are formed (Cavendish, 2000). During these months, the sun….

Cavendish, M. (2005). Encyclopedia of earth and physical sciences. New York: Marshall

Moore, T.W. & Dixon, R.W. (2011, July). Climatology of tornadoes associated with Gulf

Coast-landfalling hurricanes. The Geographical Review, 101(3), 371-377.

Tennessee Tornadoes on January 24 1997 a

Tennessee Tornadoes On January 24, 1997, a supercell resulted in a tornado outbreak that spurred 13 tornadoes across middle Tennessee with an estimated damage in excess of nine million dollars across the counties of Rutherford, Cannon, Wilson and Smith with more than 300 buildings damaged or destroyed completely which included homes, businesses, and public facilities. Reports state that 31 individuals were injured during the tornados, which are reported to have ranged from F2 to F4 in intensity. There were amazingly, no fatalities. The following table shows the Tennessee Counties in which Tornados occurred on January 24, 1997, with corresponding information on damages caused by the Tornados. Figure 1 - Tennessee January 24, 1997, Tornado History Project Description of the Event and Responsiveness of Media Personnel Reports state that severe weather was identified as a threat early in the afternoon of January 23, 1997 and that a special weather statement was issued reporting the threat to….

Bibliography

Stacy's Story (nd) Fox 17 WZTV Nashville News. Retrieved from:  http://www.fox17.com/newsroom/top_stories/videos/wztv_vid_11126.shtml 

Neese, Charlie (1997) The Barfield-Murfreesboro, TN Tornado. Retrieved from:  http://www.stormtrack.org/library/archives/stmar97.htm 

1990s History (nd) The History of TEMA. Tennessee Emergency Management Agency. TN.GOV. Retrieved from:  http://www.tnema.org/about/agencyhistory.html 

The Supercell Tornado Outbreak Across Middle Tennessee, January 24, 1997 (nd) National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Nashville, TN. Retrieved from: http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ohx/?n=1997tornadooutbreak#duties

Tuscaloosa Alabama Tornado Event in

It is also noted within this same report that the Alabama Power reacted very promptly to the power outage by installing 6,000 distribution poles and placing well over 4 million feet of wire within the first seven days after the disaster. Challenges and Public Health Issues There were a few challenges that were experienced before, during and after the disaster that should be worked on in order to further lessen the human suffering during disasters. One of the most outstanding challenge that Alabama in general experienced was the issue of communication. It was noted that the lack of a common frequency that could be used by the response teams to coordinate the efforts was a hindrance to the rescue efforts. Logistics of moving donated items from one place to anther was yet another issue. This was made worse by the fact that most of the social venues that could be used….

CDC (2012). Tornado-Related Fatalities -- Five States, Southeastern United States, April 25 -- 28, 2011.  http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a3.htm 

Larry Copeland, (2011). Rebuilding will take years, millions -- and patience. USA Today. Retrieved October 16, 2012 from  http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2011-05-25-joplin-tuscaloosa-rebuild_n.htm 

National Geographic News, (2011). Monster Alabama Tornado Spawned by Rare "Perfect Storm."  http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/04/110428-tuscaloosa-birmingham-alabama-news-tornadoes-science-nation/ 

The New York Times, (2011). Government's Disaster Response Wins Praise. Retrieved October 16, 2012 from  http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/us/01fema.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

Greensburg KS F-5 Tornado

convert it into "Green Town" Overall Analysis of the ebuilding Process The region of Greensburg is an agricultural community, which is located in south-central Kansas. The day of May 4, 2007, marked a great tragedy in Greensburg, when it witnessed an EF-5 tornado. The study by FEMA (2007) states that according to the standard meteorological scale this was the most severe tornado in terms of wind speed. The consequence of the Greensburg tornado were very brutal, it demolished the region. The report by Paul, Che, Stimers and Dutt (2009) provides a complete description of the tornado. The author writes that the winds had a speed of over two hundred miles per hour. Moreover, the tornado cut a swath twenty-two miles in length and one and a half miles in width through the region. After the tornado passed, the damage was analyzed and it was found that approximately ninety-five per cent of….

Blaikie, P, Cannon, T, Davis, I and Wisner, B. (1994) At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability, and Disasters. Routledge, New York, NY.

Brock, V.T., and Paul, B.K. 2003. Public Response to a Tornado Disaster: The Case of Hoisington, Kansas. Papers of the Applied Geography Conferences, Vol. 26: 343-351.

Cross, J.A. 2001. Megacities and Small Towns: Different Perspectives on Hazard Vulnerability. Environmental Hazards, Vol. 3: 63-80.

Tierney, K, Lindell, M and Perry, R. (2001) Facing the Unexpected: Disaster Preparedness and Response in the United States. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press.

Formation of Tornadoes

formation of a tornado; the composition, causes, kinds and magnitude of destruction this natural calamity is capable to bring about. Tornado, a mysterious and violently destructive windstorm, is a funnel-shaped cloud extending towards the ground with a dark cumulonimbus mass on its end facing the ground. The funnel twists about into a mad oscillation of 200-300 miles per hour and is capable of causing great destruction where it meets civilization. This paper unlocks the mysteries of how a tornado is formed and unveils a violent aspect of Mother Nature. TONADO Before we can understand how a tornado is formed, it is important that we discover and visualize the structure and mechanism of such a gigantic body. A tornado is a rotating column of air with a width of a few yards to more than a mile which spins at destructive high speeds accompanied by a conical downward extension of a cumulonimbus….

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2005, Columbia University Press.

Kirsten Weir, Mister Twister: Josh Wurman chases tornadoes across the U.S. countryside. Current Science, April 16, 2004

"The tornado core and the condensation funnel." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005. pg 23-25

Kathy Wollard, Tornadoes form from 'supercells' into a column of whirling. The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Jul 19, 1999

Severe Tornado Outbreak in the Southern United States

Interagency Cooperation of Incident ManagementSevere Tornado Outbreak in the Southern United States, April 2011Brief DescriptionOn 27-28th April 2011, America witnessed its severest tornado outbreak since the year 1974. The month became one among the most devastating, active, and fatal tornado months recorded for the nation, serving as a potential benchmark for future months. SPC (Storm Prediction Center) information reveals a total of 875 preliminary tornadoes were reported in that month, with the final count of tornadoes approaching an all-time high of 542 following completion of storm surveys (NOAA, 2011). The prior record for April was a total of 267 tornadoes in April of 1974, with the highest for all months being May 2003, which witnessed 542 tornadoes (NOAA, 2011). Regarding April tornadoes, the 3-decade average was 135 (NOAA, 2011). In April, a large number of major, multi-day outbreaks of tornadoes impacted the nation, with the regions being hit the hardest….

FEMA. (2012). Mitigation Assessment Team Report: Spring 2011 Tornadoes: April 25-28 and May 22. FEMA P-908.

Knupp et al. (2014). Meteorological Overview of the Devastating April 27, 2011, Tornado Outbreak. American Meteorological Society. 95 (7): 1041–1062. Retrieved from:  https://journals.ametsoc.org/bams/article/95/7/1041/88536/Meteorological-Overview-of-the-Devastating-27 

NOAA (2011). National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate: Tornadoes for April 2011. Retrieved on July 26, 2020, from  https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tornadoes/201104 .

Example of a Destructive Tornado or Hurricane

Joplin Tornado The author of this report has been asked to focus on a single hurricane or tornado and how it impact human and societal life. Being that it is quite recent and it was very destructive, the author of this report has chosen the EF-5 tornado that decimated much of Joplin, Missouri in 2011. The author will cover how the tornado impacted the earth, the damage toll, the death toll, the economic impacts involved and any permanent consequences that have resulted. While the city of Joplin is certainly in recovery mode, that tornado hit that city head-on and levied a massive amount of destruction. One account of the Joplin tornado that is quite exhaustive and informative would be that of the National Institute of Standards and Technologies, or NIST. The "EF-5" label mentioned in the introduction makes reference to the Fujita scale of tornado intensity. There are only five points on….

NIST. (2015). Joplin Missouri Tornado 2011. Nist.gov. Retrieved 16 June 2015, from  http://www.nist.gov/el/disasterstudies/weather/joplin_tornado_2011.cfm 

Wheatley, K. (2013). The May 22, 2011 Joplin, Missouri EF5 tornado. United States Tornadoes. Retrieved 16 June 2015, from  http://www.ustornadoes.com/2013/05/22/joplin-missouri-ef5-tornado-may-22-2011/

Coping With a Disaster or Traumatic Events 2011 Tornadoes

Coping with a Disaster or Traumatic Event Disasters are realities and bearing this in mind, there is a requirement to have comprehensive plans to ensure that there are coping systems and mechanisms in place to deal with the physical, mental and emotional problems faced after any fortuitous events The paper will commence with various facts and statistics regarding how 2011 has been a banner year in terms of the number of tornadoes that hit the United States. Thence, emphasis will be placed on two major tornadoes that wreak the most havoc -- the one in Alabama that occurred in April 2011 and the month thereafter, the Joplin, Missouri tornado. The succeeding paragraph will introduce the thesis statement especially not only the death and destruction brought about by tornadoes but the physical, mental and emotional turmoil cause by these extraordinary events. Physical Problems After Disaster or Traumatic Events The section will deal with the physical injuries….

5. Kubler-Ross, E. (1969). The stages of grief. Available at http://www.memorialhospital.org/library/general/stress-the-3.html

6. Moyer, C. (2011, June 6). Doctors confront burst of mental health problems after disasters. American Medical News. Available at  http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/m/2011/06/06/hl20606.htm 

7. NOAA/National Weather Service. (2011, June 7). Monthly and annual U.S. tornado summaries. Available at  http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/online/monthly/newm.html

Disaster Preparedness Plan

Disaster Preparedness Plan: Georgia has been an area threatened by some of form of natural disaster that has a huge negative impact on the well-being of its residents and the personnel and financial resources of the emergency response agencies. The most common natural disaster that occurs in this area is tornadoes that have terrorized both the rural and urban areas while making everyone in danger of their perils. In the recent years, Georgia experienced deadly tornadoes that caused harm, damages, and deaths in approximately 15 counties within the state. Give the nature of these tragedies, residents of this state need to be prepared and planned on how to respond to such emergencies. Tornadoes in Georgia: Tornadoes are regarded as nature's most violent storms since they can generate wind speeds of over 250 mph and appear from nowhere with little warning ("March Marks Start of Active Tornado," n.d.). These natural disasters are the most….

References:

"Defining the Need." (2002). Georgia Amateur Radio Emergency Service. Retrieved January 31,

2012, from  http://www.gaares.org/ARESPlan/potential_disasters_in_georgia.html#tornadoes 

"Georgia Emergency Operations Plan." (2010, August). GEMA / Homeland Security.

Retrieved from Georgia Emergency Management Agency / Homeland Security website:  http://www.gema.ga.gov/content/atts/prepare/Plans%20and%20Maps/Plan%20Library/GEOP2010.pdf

Emergency Plan

Emergency Plan Business Name: MWV located in Covington VA Number of Employees 190 Emergency management plan entails a system of managing resources, information analysis and decision making in the event of a tornado hitting the facility (Hubbard, 2009). The emergency management plan acts a guide to the responsible personal, the staff and residents within the facility on the steps to take upon the occurrence of a tornado. The emergency plan gives a description of the role that the pre-appointed Emergency Management Group (EMG) is expected to carry out in the event of a tornado. The Emergency Management group will serve as the overall authority over the activities in the facility relating to the occurrence of a tornado. The emergency management policy is to ensure the safety of every individual within the facility and bring the facility to normal operations after an accident. The head of the Emergency Management group is an appointed Incident Commander (IC)….

Hubbard, C. o. (2009). Emergency Response, Windshield Survey; Hubbard, . City of Hubbard Oregon.

Safety, C. f C.P. (2002). American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Guidelines for Technical Planning for On-Site Emergencies. . New York: CCPS-AICHE.

Tornadoes: Nature's Phenomenon hat is a Tornado? A tornado is "a violent, destructive, whirling wind accompanied by a funnel-shaped cloud that progresses in a narrow path over the land" (Merriam-ebster, Incorporated,…

TORNADOES What causes a tornado? Tornado' comes in English from a Spanish word 'tornada' that means 'thunderstorm'. As defined by Nation Weather Service, a tornado is a 'violently rotating column of…

Today, however society has an extremely advanced ability to be forewarned of a possible or actual tornado sighting before it ever touches ground. One method commonly used is…

Tri-State tornado of 1925 is known to be one of the most lethal natural phenomena that has hit the U.S. especially because it found the residents of the three…

Seconds later the twister struck. The kitchen door fell on the husband, pinning him to the ground. After the roof blew away, hail battered his face and body.…

Tornadoes in the United States Every state in the union has experienced them, and the destruction caused by tornadoes each year can climb into the billions of dollars. Scientists have…

Tennessee Tornadoes On January 24, 1997, a supercell resulted in a tornado outbreak that spurred 13 tornadoes across middle Tennessee with an estimated damage in excess of nine million dollars…

Research Paper

It is also noted within this same report that the Alabama Power reacted very promptly to the power outage by installing 6,000 distribution poles and placing well over…

convert it into "Green Town" Overall Analysis of the ebuilding Process The region of Greensburg is an agricultural community, which is located in south-central Kansas. The day of May 4,…

formation of a tornado; the composition, causes, kinds and magnitude of destruction this natural calamity is capable to bring about. Tornado, a mysterious and violently destructive windstorm, is…

Interagency Cooperation of Incident ManagementSevere Tornado Outbreak in the Southern United States, April 2011Brief DescriptionOn 27-28th April 2011, America witnessed its severest tornado outbreak since the year 1974. The…

Joplin Tornado The author of this report has been asked to focus on a single hurricane or tornado and how it impact human and societal life. Being that it is…

Coping with a Disaster or Traumatic Event Disasters are realities and bearing this in mind, there is a requirement to have comprehensive plans to ensure that there are coping systems…

Disaster Preparedness Plan: Georgia has been an area threatened by some of form of natural disaster that has a huge negative impact on the well-being of its residents and the…

Business - Management

Emergency Plan Business Name: MWV located in Covington VA Number of Employees 190 Emergency management plan entails a system of managing resources, information analysis and decision making in the event of a…

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Yale Climate Connections

12 titles on extreme weather – and how to handle it

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With parts of Asia, Europe, and the United States still suffering or recovering from withering heat waves, and with the peak of hurricane season approaching, titles about extreme weather and how to handle it seem timely. 

The list starts off with what is still the best popular overview of the topic Friederike Otto’s Angry Weather . It’s followed by a children’s-level introduction and then a new survey of how designers and planners might best prepare for different forms of extreme weather. 

The next three offerings focus specifically on hurricanes: the new paperback edition of a retrospective study of Hurricane Katrina, a multidisciplinary response to Hurricane Harvey’s “ rain bombing ” of Houston, and an historical review of 15 hurricanes that shaped the Carolinas. 

From angry winds and flooding waters, the list turns next to heat and fire. 

Although the still lingering 2022 heat wave in Europe may ultimately prove more severe, meteorologically, than the 2003 heat wave, it will likely kill fewer people. The reason: The experience of losing more than 70,000 people taught public health systems important lessons about heat waves. Historian Richard C. Keller’s 2015 title, Fatal Isolation , remains the best account of what happened in France during those suffocatingly hot weeks of August 2003. It deserves a second look. (YCC’s full-length review of Keller’s account is here .) 

Boiling Point , the new report from Public Citizen, makes the case that the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration must take deadly heat waves more seriously. Just since the report’s release at the end of June, at least 28 states have issued extreme heat alerts . 

High, dry heat can lead to raging fires, especially when authorities fail to maintain and upgrade critical infrastructure. California Burning details the complicity of Pacific Gas & Electric in the fire that ravaged Paradise and other unsuspecting communities in northern California. 

The last three titles in this aggregation offer advice on how best to prepare for heatwaves, natural disasters, and their aftermaths. Individuals and families can do a lot to reduce their vulnerability to heatstroke, to fortify their homes against destructive storms, and to prepare for disruptions in power and other services. But losses will still occur, so successful recovery from extreme weather may depend on knowing how to seek help.

As always, the descriptions of the titles are drawn from copy provided by the organizations or presses that published them. When two dates of publication are provided, the second is for the release of the paperback edition.

Angry Weather: Heat Waves, Floods, Storms, and the New Science of Climate Change , by Friederike Otto (Greystone Books 2020, 256 pages, $32.95)

Weather disasters are becoming more frequent each year, but not everyone agrees on what causes them. Renowned University of Oxford researcher Friederike Otto provides an answer with attribution science, a revolutionary method for pinpointing the role of climate change in extreme weather events. Anchoring her book with the gripping, day-by-day story of Hurricane Harvey, which caused over a hundred deaths and $125 billion in damage in 2017, Otto reveals how attribution science works in real time, and determines that Harvey’s terrifying floods were three times more likely to occur due to human-induced climate change. The research laid out in this groundbreaking book will have profound impacts, both today and in the future.   

Climate Change and Extreme Weather , by Isaac Kerry (Lerner Books 2022, 30 pages, $9.99 paperback)

Why are some places flooding more than they used to? Why do hurricanes seem to get stronger every year? With engaging diagrams and photos, this book explores how climate change affects weather across the globe. An updated edition of Climate Change and Extreme Storms, this title is part of the Searchlight Books – Spotlight on Climate Change collection and is written for Grade 3 level readers. Other titles in the series include Climate Change and Air Quality, Climate Change and Energy Technology, Climate Change and Rising Sea Level, Climate Change and Rising Temperatures, and Climate Change and Life on Earth. 

Managing the Climate Crisis: Designing and Building for Floods, Heat, Drought, and Wildfire , by Jonathan Barret and Matthijs Bouw (Island Press 2022, 296 pages, $35.00 paperback)

In Managing the Climate Crisis, design and planning experts Jonathan Barnett and Matthijs Bouw take a practical approach to addressing seven climate-related threats: flooding along coastlines, river flooding, flash floods from extreme rain events, drought, wildfire, long periods of high heat, and food shortages. The policies and investments needed to protect lives and property are affordable if they begin now, and are planned and budgeted over the next 30 years. Preventive actions also offer opportunities, not only to create jobs, but also to remake cities and landscapes to be better for everyone. Managing the Climate Crisis is a practical guide to managing the immediate threats from a changing climate while improving the way we live.

Katrina: A History, 1915-2015 , by Andy Horowitz (Harvard University Press 2020 / 2022, 296 pages, $17.95 paperback)

Hurricane Katrina made landfall in New Orleans on August 29, 2005, but the decisions that caused the disaster extend across the twentieth century. After the city weathered a major hurricane in 1915, its Board believed that developers could safely build housing in lowlands. When the flawed levee system surrounding the city and its suburbs failed, these were the neighborhoods that were devastated. Andy Horowitz investigates the response to the flood, and he explores how the profits and liabilities created by Louisiana’s oil industry have been distributed unequally. Laying bare the relationship between structural inequality and physical infrastructure Katrina offers a chilling glimpse of the future disasters we are already creating. 

More City Than Water: A Houston Flood Atlas , edited by Lucy M. Johnson & Cheryl Beckett (University of Texas Press 2022, 264 pages, $39.95) 

Shortly after Hurricane Harvey dumped a record 61 inches of rain on Houston in 2017, celebrated writer and Bayou City resident Lacy M. Johnson began collecting flood stories. Thus began More City Than Water, which brings together essays, conversations, and personal narratives from climate scientists, marine ecologists, housing activists, urban planners, artists, poets, and historians as they reflect on the human geography of a region increasingly defined by flooding. More City Than Water features striking maps of Houston’s floodplains, waterways, drainage systems, reservoirs, and inundated neighborhoods. each map, imaginative and precise, shifts our understanding of the flooding, the public’s relationship to it, and the fraught reality of rebuilding.  

Fifteen Hurricanes That Changed the Carolinas: Powerful Storms, Climate Change, and What We Do Next , by Jay Barnes (University of North Carolina Press 2022, 384 pages, $27.00 paperback)

Historian Jay Barnes offers an illuminating and compelling account of the Carolinas’ most recent storm disasters, Matthew and Florence, as well as thirteen other memorable hurricanes in the Tar Heel and Palmetto States, including Hazel, Hugo, Fran, and Floyd. In Barnes’s hands, the examination of these powerful tropical cyclones leads to a broader view of the history of the Carolinas, revealing not only their terrifying and deadly consequences but also the perseverance of the region’s people in the face of such devastation. In recounting the rich hurricane history of the Carolinas, from the mountains to the coast, Barnes urges readers to consider the storms to come and profiles how a warming planet and rising seas will affect future Carolina hurricanes.

Fatal Isolation: The Devastating Paris Heat Wave of 2003 , by Richard C. Keller (University of Chicago Press 2015, 240 pages, $35.00)

In a cemetery on the southern outskirts of Paris lie the bodies of nearly a hundred abandoned victims of the worst natural disaster in French history, the devastating heat wave that struck in August 2003, leaving 15,000 dead. Fatal Isolation tells the stories of these victims and the catastrophe that took their lives. It explores the multiple narratives of disaster – the official story of the crisis and its aftermath, as presented by the media and the state; the life stories of the individual victims; and the scientific understandings of disaster and its management. Fatal Isolation is both a social history of risk and vulnerability in the urban landscape and a story of how a city copes with emerging threats and sudden, dramatic change.

Boiling Point: OSHA Must Act Immediately to Protect Workers from Deadly Temperatures by Juley Fulcher (Public Citizen 2022, 38 pages, free download available here )

Fifty years ago, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) called for rules to protect workers from unsafe heat. Five decades later, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has still failed to put such rules in place. With the climate crisis shattering heat records each summer, heat stress is a rapidly worsening threat for workers across the country. Environmental heat is likely responsible for 170,000 work-related injuries every year, making it the third ranking risk. In light of the severity of the environmental heat crisis and the known efficacy of protective measures, OSHA should issue an Emergency Temporary Standard while it continues the slow process of proposing and finalizing a permanent standard.

California Burning: The Fall of Pacific Gas and Electric – and What It Means for America’s Power Grid , by Katherine Blunt (Penguin Random House / Portfolio 2022, 368 pages, $29.00)

Pacific Gas and Electric was a legacy company built by innovators and visionaries, establishing California as a desirable home and economic powerhouse. In California Burning, Wall Street Journal reporter and Pulitzer finalist Katherine Blunt examines how that legacy fell apart. As PG&E prioritized profits and politics, power lines went unchecked – until a rusted hook purchased for 56 cents in 1921 split in two, sparking the deadliest wildfire in California history. California Burning is a deeply reported, character-driven narrative. It’s the story of an American tragedy that serves as a cautionary tale for utilities across the nation – especially as climate change makes aging infrastructure more vulnerable, with potentially fatal consequences.

Climate Change and Extreme Heat: What You Can Do to Prepare , by Outreach Staff (US EPA & CDC 2016, 20 pages, free download available here )

Climate change affects human health by making extreme heat more common, more severe, and last longer. That is expected to continue into the future. This handbook explains the connection between climate change and extreme heat events, and outlines actions citizens can take to protect their health during extreme heat. This resource builds on the 2006 Excessive Heat Events Guidebook from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and includes up-to-date climate information from recent climate assessment reports, such as the 2014 Third National Climate Assessment, the 2016 Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States, and EPA’s 2016 Climate Change Indicators in the United States.

The Disaster-Ready Home: A Step-by-Step Emergency Preparedness Manual for Sheltering in Place , by Creek Stewart (Simon & Schuster / Adams Media 2022, 224 pages, $18.99 paperback) 

If a disaster forces you to shelter in place, do you think you have everything you need to safely and comfortably stay put in your home? If the answer is no, The Disaster-Ready Home will help you create a safe, well-stocked place to weather out any emergency. Survival expert and bestselling author Creek Stewart gives you a step-by-step emergency preparedness plan to meet your food, water, heat, and sanitation needs during any disaster, including detailed lists, photo-graphs, and complete instructions to make the plan easy to follow. With headlines dominated by disease and disasters, the need to be prepared has never been more evident. This practical, field-tested guide will help you protect and provide for your family when any situation arises.

Exploring Disaster Human Services for Children and Youth: From Hurricane Katrina to Paradise Wildfires: Proceedings of a Workshop Series , by A. Nicholson et al (National Academies Press 2022, 137 pages, $35.00 paperback, free download w/registration)

To explore issues related to the effects of disasters on children and youth, the virtual workshop From Hurricane Katrina to Paradise Wildfires, was convened on July 22 and 23, 2020, by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The workshop focused on families engaged with federal, state or local supportive programs prior to disasters. Additional areas of focus were the coordination of disaster response efforts and reestablishing routine service post-disaster. The workshop also highlighted promising practices, ongoing challenges, and potential opportunities for coordinated delivery and restoration of social and human services programs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.

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Michael svoboda.

Michael Svoboda, Ph.D., is the Yale Climate Connections books editor. He is a professor in the University Writing Program at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C., where he has taught since... More by Michael Svoboda

How to Title an Essay, With Tips and Examples

If you read this blog regularly, you’ll notice something about our blog posts’ titles: They all summarize what their post is about. This is so you know exactly what you’ll find in the post, so if you’re looking for specific tips, you know exactly which post to read. 

An essay title does the same thing. There are a lot of similarities between essays and blog posts , and one of those similarities is that for the title to be effective, it needs to be concise and clear. It should also contain one or more keywords, which tells readers the essay’s main topic.  Write papers with confidence Grammarly helps you make the grade Write with Grammarly

What is the purpose of an essay title?

An essay title tells readers what your essay is about. This gives them a heads up on what to expect from the essay and, if they’re reading it to conduct their own research, whether it’s relevant to their area of study. 

Ideally, an essay title also catches readers’ attention and stokes their curiosity, prompting them to read your work. How important it is to achieve this depends on the kind of essay you’re writing—if it’s an assigned essay and your instructor has to read it, an engaging title isn’t your top priority. But if you’re submitting your essay to a contest, as part of an application to college or graduate school, or pitching it for publication, it needs a catchy, intriguing title because the title is the first part of your work the editor or admissions committee will see. And depending on the title’s catchiness and other circumstances of your submission, it could be the deciding factor in whether they read your essay. 

As we mentioned above, a strong essay title gives a clear preview of what the reader will find in your writing . You don’t have to give it all away, but it should act as a general briefing on what to expect from your work and make them want to continue reading it. 

>>Read more: How to Start an Essay: 7 Tips for a Knockout Introduction

What are the rules for essay titles?

Guidelines for essay titles in mla format.

In MLA format , your essay’s title should be in title case. That means every principle word— words that aren’t articles , prepositions , coordinating conjunctions , or the word “to” paired with an infinitive —is capitalized. The only exception to this is when one of these words is the first or last word in the essay’s title. Here’s a quick example: 

Looking Through the Rear Window: Perspective in Hitchcock’s Films

Guidelines for essay titles in APA format

Similarly to MLA format, APA format requires essay titles to be in title case. In addition to this formatting requirement, APA requires that essay titles be succinct and specifically not contain any abbreviations or unnecessary words. Here is an example of how an essay title looks in APA format:

Effects of Blue Light on Boston Lettuce Crops

See how straightforward this essay title is? You know exactly what the essay is going to be about: How exposure to blue light impacts growing Boston lettuce crops. Keep in mind that APA format is typically used for scientific and technical work, so it’s unlikely you’ll use figurative language in your title. 

Guidelines for essay titles in Chicago Manual of Style format

Chicago style also requires that essay titles be in title case. Other than that, Chicago style doesn’t have specific guidelines for what a title should or shouldn’t include. Here is an example of an essay title in Chicago style:

2021 Returns: What We Projected vs. Actual Returns

How to brainstorm your essay title

When you’re brainstorming for your essay, think about the potential titles you can choose. Jot down your keyword and the kind of essay you’re writing, such as an analytical or compare-and-contrast essay . This won’t only help you determine an effective title, but it can also help you determine the best way to structure your essay .

Stay away from punny or otherwise funny titles unless you’re writing a humorous or personal piece—your creative writing class is probably the only course where that kind of title is appropriate. 

Here’s what your essay title should include

• One or more relevant keywords to your subject
• Any other necessary words or phrases that tell the reader what to expect from your essay
• When applicable, a catchy phrase or figurative language

Let’s take another look at the example essay titles from the section above. In the first example, Looking Through the Rear Window: Perspective in Hitchcock’s Films , we have the following elements:

• An attention-grabbing phrase that references one of Hitchcock’s most well-known films
• The keyword “perspective,” which tells us immediately what this essay is about
• Clarity around how the essay specifically explores perspective in Hitchcock’s films and instances where Hitchcock used perspective as a storytelling device

Now take a look at the example APA title essay, Effects of Blue Light on Boston Lettuce Crops. This one is more straightforward and technical. But still, it’s got the key elements that make up a strong essay title: 

• A clear preview of exactly what’s in the essay: data on how an environmental factor affects specific crops
• Clear keywords: “blue light” and “Boston lettuce crops”

Additionally, notice how the tone is different from the tone in the MLA essay title. This essay title feels more objective and detached from its subject, giving a preview of the tone the reader will find in the essay. 

What not to include in your essay title

It’s usually best to stay away from negative or controversial terms. Do this even if your essay is taking a stand against something or arguing that another position is harmful. Instead, reframe your position using neutral or positive words to avoid potentially offending a reader or undermining your own position by coming across as aggressive or bitter. Compare these two essay titles:

• Why Rerouting Campus Traffic Is a Terrible Idea
• Finding Solutions to Campus Traffic Challenges 

See how the second option, the one that avoids negative language, sounds more engaging and promises a more resolution-oriented read? Remember, your reader is supposed to draw their own conclusions from your essay—don’t attempt to do their work for them by telling them what to think in your title. 

As you brainstorm titles, write them down so you can revisit them after you complete your first draft. Once you have a finished draft , it can be a lot easier to determine the title that fits your essay best. 

Essay title examples

Take a look at these example essay titles and take note of how the tones and vocabulary vary between essay types. A title that’s perfect for a persuasive essay might not be right for a college application or expository essay . And similarly, a title that works for a comparative essay might be too lackluster for a personal or argumentative essay . 

Personal essays

Why I’ll Never Wear a Blue Baseball Cap Again

How 20 Years in Corporate America Made Me a Better Parent

Analytical essays

What is Love? How Romantic and Modern Artists’ Answers Differ

Three Reasons Why We Won’t See a Repeat of the 2008 Bubble

Argumentative essays

The Correlation between New School Buildings and Higher Test Scores—Three Stats You Can’t Ignore

Are We Using the Right Success Metrics for Students?

Persuasive essays

Four Ways Free Wi-Fi Will Boost the City’s Economy

Unless We Take Action, This Heat Wave Is Just the Beginning

Compare-and-contrast essays

Dynamite, Profit, and the Pursuit of Power: Chasing White Whales in Moby Dick and Jaws

Outdoor Growth Patterns of Shiitake and Lion’s Mane Mushrooms 

College application essays

What Scooping Ice Cream Taught Me about Human Nature

Dancing and Math Are More Similar than You Realize

Essay title FAQs

What is an essay title.

An essay title concisely states what an essay is about.

Why is an essay title important?

An essay title is important because it accomplishes a few things:

• Tells readers what the essay is about
• Catches potential readers’ attention
• Helps researchers sort essays and find the ones most relevant to their work

What should you consider when creating an essay title?

When creating an essay title, think about the essay’s purpose. Then, explain the essay’s subject and purpose in a brief clause or short sentence, making it appropriately intriguing to draw readers’ attention. 

99 Tsunami Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best tsunami topic ideas & essay examples, 🥇 most interesting tsunami topics to write about, 📌 simple & easy tsunami essay titles, ❓ tsunami research questions.

• Impact of the Japan Tsunami 2011 Disaster on Tourism and Hospitality Industries Most coastal regions in the Pacific countries are highly populated due to the fact that the inland regions are usually mountainous and inhabitable compared to the relatively flatland in the coastal areas.
• The Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 and Its Consequences The worst effects of the great wave were observed in Indonesia, where the death toll exceeded 160,000 people, and the overall damages almost reached $4. We will write a custom essay specifically for you by our professional experts 808 writers online Learn More
• 2011 Tsunami in Tohoku and Its Effects on Japan In this instance, the geological origin of the tsunami has to be discussed due to the fact that it plays a significant role in predicting the presence of a tsunami in the future.
• Damages of Tsunami to Human Beings High Cost of Fighting Tsunami The total cost of tsunami could be billions of dollars since the damages of income generating business, and the cost used to curb the situation on the ground was quite […]
• Tsunami Warning Management System Tsunami emergency management system detects and predicts tsunami in addition to warning individuals and government in good time before the onset of the disaster.
• Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis In addition, the paper will outline some of the similarities and differences between tsunamis and floods. Similarities between tsunamis and floods: Both tsunamis and floods are natural disasters that cause destruction of properties and human […]
• Tsunami’s Reasons and Effects Therefore, it is essential to know how to anticipate the place and time of the occurrence of a tsunami and to determine which factors are the main in assessing the potential wave’s power and the […]
• South California Tsunami and Disaster Response This paper provides the report’s estimate figures in terms of human casualties and the structures affected by the wave. The Figure 1 represents the graphical representation of the data collected.
• The Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011 Documentary The documentary reflects the events leading to the natural disasters and their aftermath, including an investigation into the reasons for the failure of the precautionary measures in place during the 2011 earthquake in Japan.
• Tsunamis: Case Studies Massive movement of seabed caused the tsunami during the earthquake movement. The Burma plates slipped around the earthquake’s epicenter.
• Tsunami Warning Systems In such a way, it is possible to conclude that the poor functioning of awareness systems in the past preconditioned the reconsideration of the approach to monitoring tsunamis and warning people about them.
• Tsunami and the Health Department The overstretching of health facilities poses a great challenge; how can the health department deal with tsunami cases to ensure that the community is disease-free and safe?
• Economic Tsunami and Current Economic Strategies The current economic situation in the world is the result of a great number of different factors including the sphere of finance.
• Tsunami Handling at a Nuclear Power Plant The information presented in this research paper has been analyzed and proved to be the actual content obtained by various parties that participate in the study of tsunamis.
• The Sumatra Earthquake of 26 December 2004: Indonesia Tsunami As such, the earthquake resulted in the development of a large tsunami off the Sumatran Coast that led to destruction of large cities in Indonesia.
• Tsunami Funding: On Assistance to the Victims of the December 2004 Tsunami In the US, through the help of the United Nations Organization in conjunction with the Red Cross, sited and established centers where people in the community would take their donations.
• Tsunami: Crisis Management The saving of lives during a disaster and emergency incident will depend on the proper coordination of the rescue team, delivery of the right skills to the scene which can only be achieved through the […]
• The Recommendations Made in the Field of Tsunami Emergency Managements Additionally, the tsunami that hit the coastal area of the Indian Ocean in 2004 was one of the events that led to reconsiderations of the preparedness levels in dealing with catastrophes of such scales.
• Physical Aspect of Tsunami According to Nelson, wave length is the distance between similar points of the wave; the concepts of tsunami wave height and amplitude are interconnected, as the height is the distance between tsunami’s trough and peak, […]
• Causes and Effect of the Tsunami in Indonesia Scientifically tsunami is caused by the water which is impelled afar the interior of the underwater commotion, the change in this water levels move at the speed of about four hundred miles per sixty minutes […]
• Natural Hazard: Tsunami Caused by Earthquakes Other areas that are prone to the tsunamis include Midwestern and Eastern United States of America and parts of Eastern of Canada, Indian Ocean and East Africa.
• Tsunamis and Their Harmful Effects on Countries As it begins, the video shows the surrounding of the beach which is still full of people, then focuses on an approaching wave.
• Tsunami Geological Origin Firstly, the source of the volcanic eruption has to be understood, as this natural phenomenon is one of the primary causes of a tsunami.
• Natural Disasters: Tsunami, Hurricanes and Earthquake The response time upon the prediction of a tsunami is minimal owing to the rapid fall and rise of the sea level.
• The Causes and Consequences of the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka Due to a displacement of sea water as a result of displaced debris from landslides, a series of waves that has a potential of causing a tsunami is formed.
• Effect of the 2004 Tsunami on Indonesia The areas prone to tsunamis on the Indonesian coast are: The west coast of Sumatra, the south coast of Java, the north and south coasts of West Nusa, Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara provinces, the […]
• Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island In addition, fire outbreaks also contributed to the devastating effects of the tsunami. In addition, the question of educating and passing information about dangers of tsunami contributed to massive loss of lives.
• Marketing after a Crisis: Recovering From the Tsunami in Thailand The researchers aim was to assess the damages caused by the tsunami, to evaluate and adjust the impact and strategize on how to combat the crisis in the future.
• Tsunami: Definition and Causes Tsunamis have gained worldwide notoriety following the two devastating tsunamis that have occurred in the course of the last ten years. Submarine earthquakes can generate dangerous tsunamis and that the intensity of this tsunami is […]
• What Is a Tsunami and What Causes Them? We shall dwell on the Shifts in the Tectonic plates as the reasoning behind the Tsunamis, but we have to understand the concept involved in the movement of the plate tectonics then how the earthquake […]
• The Impacts of Japan’s Earthquake, Tsunami on the World Economy The future prospects in regard to the tsunami and the world economy will be presented and application of the lessons learnt during the catastrophe in future” tsunami occurrence” management.
• Effect on People Who Have Been Through Tsunami The community and government were left with a major challenge of how to cope with the physical and psychological stress that was quite evident.
• Exceedance Probability for Various Magnitudes of Tsunami
• A Short History of Tsunami Research and Countermeasures in Japan
• New Computational Methods in Tsunami Science
• Adult Mortality Five Years After a Natural Disaster: Evidence From the Indian Ocean Tsunami
• Affect, Risk Perception and Future Optimism After the Tsunami Disaster
• Probabilistic Analysis of Tsunami Hazards
• Tsunami Risk Assessment in Indonesia
• Real-Time Tsunami Forecasting: Challenges and Solutions
• Battening Down the Hatches: How Should the Maritime Industries Weather the Financial Tsunami
• A Simple Model for Calculating Tsunami Flow Speed From Tsunami Deposits
• Implementation and Testing of the Method of Splitting Tsunami Model
• The Storegga Slides: Evidence From Eastern Scotland for a Possible Tsunami
• Coastal Vegetation Structures and Their Functions in Tsunami Protection: Experience of the Recent Indian Ocean Tsunami
• Tsunami Fragility: A New Measure to Identify Tsunami Damage
• Geological Indicators of Large Tsunami in Australia
• Calamity, Aid and Indirect Reciprocity: The Long Run Impact of Tsunami on Altruism
• Cash and In-Kind Food Aid Transfers: Tsunami Emergency Aid in Banda Aceh
• Confronting the “Second Wave of the Tsunami”: Stabilizing Communities in the Wake of Foreclosures
• A Numerical Model for the Transport of a Boulder by Tsunami
• Experimental Investigation of Tsunami Impact on Free Standing Structures
• Economic and Business Development in China After the Tsunami
• How Effective Were Mangroves as a Defence Against the Recent Tsunami?
• Estimating Probable Maximum Loss From a Cascadia Tsunami
• Faster Than Real Time Tsunami Warning With Associated Hazard Uncertainties
• Tsunami Science Before and Beyond Boxing Day 2004
• Sediment Effect on Tsunami Generation of the 1896 Sanriku Tsunami Earthquake
• Tsunami Generation by Horizontal Displacement of Ocean Bottom
• Joint Evaluation of the International Response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami
• The Effectiveness and Limit of Tsunami Control Forests
• Distinguishing Tsunami and Storm Deposits: An Example From Martinhal, SW Portugal
• Developing Effective Vegetation Bioshield for Tsunami Protection
• Indian Ocean Tsunami: Disaster, Generosity and Recovery
• Three-Dimensional Splay Fault Geometry and Implications for Tsunami Generation
• Assessing Tsunami Vulnerability, an Example From Herakleio, Crete
• Knowledge-Building Approach for Tsunami Impact Analysis Aided by Citizen Science
• Mental Health Problems Among Adults in Tsunami-Affected Areas in Southern Thailand
• Legitimacy, Accountability and Impression Management in NGOs: The Indian Ocean Tsunami
• Measuring Tsunami Preparedness in Coastal Washington, United States
• Standards, Criteria, and Procedures for NOAA Evaluation of Tsunami Numerical Models
• The Use of Scenarios to Evaluate the Tsunami Impact in Southern Italy
• Could a Large Tsunami Happen in the United States?
• What Does a Tsunami Look Like When It Reaches the Coast?
• Is It Rare for a Tsunami to Happen?
• What Happens to Sharks During a Tsunami?
• Where Is the Safest Place During a Tsunami?
• What’s the Worst Tsunami Ever?
• What Happens to the Beach Before a Tsunami?
• Why Does Water Go Out Before a Tsunami?
• Can You Survive a Tsunami With a Life Jacket?
• Where Do Tsunami Most Hit?
• How Are Tsunamis Different From Normal Ocean Waves?
• What Are the Designated Service Areas of the Tsunami Warning Centers?
• How Quickly Are Tsunami Messages Issued?
• What Is the Difference Between a Local and a Distant Tsunami?
• What Types of Earthquakes Generate Tsunamis?
• Can Near Earth Objects Generate Tsunamis?
• What Are the Causes of Tsunamis?
• How Can Tsunami Be Controlled?
• What Keeps a Tsunami Going?
• Which Country Has the Most Tsunamis?
• What Are Some of the Most Damaging Tsunamis to Affect the United States?
• What Is the Tsunami Hazard Level for Anchorage and the Upper Cook Inlet in Alaska?
• What Are Ways Tsunami Start?
• How Many Tsunami Happen a Year?
• Can a Boat at Sea Survive a Tsunami?
• What Happens to a Whale in a Tsunami?
• How Much Warning Is There Before a Tsunami?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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