jimma university mba thesis

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Water distribution network (WDN) is the components of water supply system that needs to design carefully because of cost involved and its significance. However, in many of the developing countries, the hydraulic and physical performance of water distribution network is inadequate to meet consumers’ demands and losses in system. Addis Zemen has been experiencing frequent and regular disruption of water supplies for days to a week. This study was conducted in Addis Zemen, to evaluate hydraulic performance of existing water supply distribution system of the town. Both primary and secondary data sources were used in this study. Primary data were collected though face-to-face interview with Addis Zemen Water Supply and Sewerage enterprise (AZWSSE) experts, field observations, photographs of relevant sites and infrastructures were taken. For secondary data collection, document review was used to collect valuable information. To analyze the data which is collected from different sources, both qualitative and quantitative methods was used. The computer software application that is Origin8 and excel was used to analyze the data obtained from office. The field survey data for distribution system was evaluated by using the engineering software called WaterCADv8i. The per capita domestic water consumption of Addis Zemen Town was found to be 12.98 l/c/d in the year 2015. The average water loss in Addis Zemen Town was 25.6%, showing that needs a matter of concern. 11.6% of the junctions were (>70 m) located around Michael area and Hospital due to low elevation. 1.9% of the junction was (<15 m) recorded 14 m around Hana due to high elevation.86.5% of the town that is the majority of the area has pressure within the optimum range (15-70 m) and the lowest velocity recorded was zero and the highest was 2.12 m/s during steady state analysis. 13.5% of the analyzed nodes get water at low pressure (<15 m), none of the node has pressure above 70m and only 86.5% have pressure within recommended limit (15 to 70 m) and velocity in major pipe parts was below 0.6 m/s during extended period simulation. The current water demand is 1398.68 m3/day and the demand at end of design period of 2025 years would be around 2926.33 m3/day. In order to achieve a 15 m minimum and 70 m maximum pressure, it is necessary to provide pressure controlling valve and establishing boosting station. Securing additional water supplies becomes an essential issue to meet the current water demand future demand. Key words: Hydraulic performance, Simulation, Water demand, Water distribution system and water losses.

Related Papers

Amanuel Adane

ABSTRACT This study is conducted to evaluate existing water supply distribution system of the town. The town gets water by classifying supply system into three pressure zones. About 66% of the town is categorized under pressure zone two and pressure zone one and three have no major problem hence, this study emphasizes on pressure zone two. Data for distribution system was evaluated by using WaterCADv6.5 software. The per capita domestic water consumption of Hosanna Town was found to be 42.9 l/c/d in the year 2020. The average water loss in Hosanna Town was 40%, which shows as it needs a matter of concern. During steady state analysis, 24% of the higher pressures in pressure zone two were observed due to low elevation and 3.96% of the lowest pressure recorded was due to high elevation. 72% of pressure zone two has pressure within the optimum range during steady state analysis. After hydraulic analysis, 15.53% of the identified nodes have pressure below 15m and 7.77% of nodes have pressure above 70m. Only 76.7% of the areas have pressure within the recommended limit during peak hour consumption. During minimum hour consumption, 1.98% of residents get water at low pressure due to high elevation of the area. 38% of the nodes have pressure above 70 m and only 59.41% of the area has pressure within the recommended limit. For the parts of the system that are located far away from the sources, and areas with high elevation are facing lack of water due to low pressure. The current water demand is found to be 2470 m3/day and at the end of design period of 2040 years, it would be 17352m3/day. In order to achieve a 15m minimum and 70m maximum pressure, it is necessary to provide pressure controlling valve and establishing boosting station. Finding for additional water source is also a fundamental issue to meet the current and future water demand. Keywords: Hydraulic performance, Simulation, Water distribution system, Water losses.

International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)

shambel belachew

Population growth in the town usually exerts enormous pressure on existing water supply systems. The continuous and repeated deficiency in the performance of the water network becomes one of the most critical issues in the water supply sector that requires immediate action. Asella town water supply system has problems related to water supply coverage, water quantity, velocity, and system pressure. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the hydraulic performance of Asella town's existing water supply distribution system with respect to pressure and velocity using Bentley Water GEMS v8i software. The average daily per capita water consumption and water supply coverage of the town in 2020 G.C is 35.31 l/p/d and 42.249% respectively.The simulated result for extended period simulation at peak hour consumption showed that the performance of distribution system related to pressure 47.08% for pressure value (<15m), 32.92% for pressure value (15-60m) and 20% for pressure value (>60m) head and the pressure at minimum consumption hour is 10% for pressure value (<15m), 45.85% for pressure value (15-60m) and 44.15% for pressure value (>60m. The velocity of pipe flow at peak hour consumption showed that 79.56% ofthe velocity (<0.6m/s), 14.09% ofthe velocity range (0.6-2m/s) and 6.35% ofthe velocity (>2m/s). From the total 650 nodes in the model, 306 nodes receive water with less than 15m pressure head of water and it indicates the critical point showing that needs a modification. The amount of water which actually reached the consumers on average from 2016 G.C to 2020 G.C is 64.76% of the total annual water production. It is recommended that, the water utility hasadded new water source to deliver adequate water and add parallel pipes or increasing its diameter to deliver water with the required pressure.

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo

Zerihun Tefera

Opua Patrick

IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering

Water is an essential requirement of human being and water supply is becoming a challenging problem which is address by many researcher and attempts made towards tackling the crisis in providing safe water to the rural people in sufficient quantity, quality and at satisfactory pressure head with achieving economy constraint. EPANET software is used to design and analysis of water supply system with reference to technical sustainability. The study presents the hydraulic analysis of Pipe line network of SAYAJIPURA village near Vadodara city, Gujarat using EPANET v2.0. The village has 550 Ha area and 13,850 Population (2016). Source supplies water to village by 117 Nodes having 111 Pipes divided in two different zones. The village receives water supply from TIMBI lake located at east of city. The water from this source is taken via network of pipes to the GSR (Ground Service Reservoirs) across the village. The water from these GSR is then pumped to the Adjacent ESRs (Elevated Service Reservoirs) during the supply hours and water is supplied to the village by gravity. The results obtained verified that the pressures at all junctions, the velocities and flows in pipes are feasible enough to provide adequate water to the network of the study area. The findings will help to understand the Pipe lines system of the study area in a better way. The study also deals with the future demand of the village.

Binyam Berhanu

DARSHAN J MEHTA , sahita yadav , vipin yadav

Since ancient times, man has tried to reside beside the source of water for its easy availability. But with the increase in the population the residence of all near the water source became difficult day by day and thus man started residing at the location away from water source. Water distribution systems are designed with an objective of minimizing the overall cost while meeting the water demand requirements at adequate pressures. However during operations of water supply systems, cases of pressure drops, Leakages and contamination occur and the main challenge is the lack of a simple tool to accurately predict zones of low pressures and areas where quality is compromised. This study will investigate the operations of Punagam area Water Distribution system in Surat city in terms of pressure Variations from the Treatment Works to the consumer points using WATERGEMS V8i software. The WATERGEMS V8i programme analyses the pressure at each node, track the flow of water in each pipe and height of the water in each tank during simulation. After simulation of existing water distribution network, results were presented in various forms and compared with the field actual data. This paper covers the water scarcity problems to consumer and the problem of leakage in the distribution system in particular with an explanation of its causes and its impact on various aspects of life and a clarification of the possibility of effectively using of geographic information systems to contribute in the management of this problem. The results obtained verified that the pressures at all junctions at all pipes are feasible enough to provide adequate water to the network of the study area. Simulated water pressure did not vary significantly with the actual values indicating that the pipes still had their hydraulic capacities even though some sections of the network need augmentation. 1 INTRODUCTION Water is a vital element in the living system and is an important component and also a key element for the socioeconomic development of a country. A water distribution system is an essential infrastructure in the supply of water for domestic as well as industrial uses. It connects consumers to sources of water, using hydraulic components, such as pipes, valves, pumps and tanks. The design of such systems is a multifarious task involving numerous interrelated factors, requiring careful consideration in the design process. Important design parameters include water demand, minimum pressure requirements, topography; system reliability, economics, piping, pumping and energy use. The primary goal of all water distribution system engineers is the delivery of water to meet the demands on quantity and pressure. Unfortunately, as a water distribution system ages, its ability to transport water diminishes and the demands placed upon it typically increase. In addition to the unsatisfactory performance of a deteriorated network, there are direct economic impacts of a failing system. Water distribution system, hydraulic infrastructure consisting of elements such as pipes, tanks, reservoirs, pumps and valves etc. is crucial to provide water to the consumers. Elements of a distribution system include distribution mains, arterial mains, storage reservoirs and system accessories (valves, hydrants, mainline meters, service connections, and backflow preventers). Distribution mains are the pipelines that make up the distribution system. Their function is to carry water from the water source or treatment works to users. Water distribution system can be divided into two main parts: (i) Intermittent System: In this system water is supplied at regular intervals throughout the day. Water may be supplied for a few hours in the morning or in the evening. Due to some negative pressure, the quality of water is not so good compared to continuous water supply system. This system may cause serious risk to health as a result of ingress of contaminated ground water into the distribution system, (ii) Continuous system: In this system, the distribution system remains continuously pressurized so that no contaminated ground water can enter into the water pipelines even there are some small leakages in the system. Therefore, inspection, control and planned maintenance and rehabilitation programs are necessary to properly operate existing water distribution systems. There is still not a convenient evaluation for the reliability of water distribution systems. Traditionally, a water distribution network design is based on the proposed

Urbanization Challenges in Emerging Economies

DARSHAN J MEHTA

Ararsa Kuma

Understanding water distribution system hydraulic performance is crucial for a water supply system management. A case study was conducted evaluating the hydraulic performance of water distribution system of Tulu Bolo town. The hydraulic model of water distribution network was developed using GIS integrated with WaterGEMS hydraulic model. The implementation of the integrated system verified that water to regulate the pressure and velocity in order to sustain. According to the analysis, about 92.6% of nodes have optimized pressure ranged between 15m to 70m and about 1.27% is under permissible pressure. Model calibration was performed by comparing simulated data with field data, the result of pressure calibration has a linear correlation coefficient of 0.93 and the hydraulic model in WaterGEMS was calibrated and optimized with a field data.

International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology

Ijesrt Journal

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