nursing research topics about diabetes

• Call to +1 844 889-9952

193 Diabetes Research Topics & Essay Examples

📝 diabetes research papers examples, 💡 essay ideas on diabetes, 👍 good diabetes essay topics to write about, 🏆 best diabetes essay titles, 🎓 simple research topics about diabetes, ❓ diabetes research questions.

• Healthcare Concern: High Rate of Diabetes The primary health concern for Eatonville’s diverse population is a high rate of diabetes. Approximately 24% of residents are suffering from the condition.
• Patient Teaching Plan: Type II Diabetes The patient's genetic history strongly suggests a risk of developing type II diabetes. Hypertension is a common condition among many of its members.
• Diabetes Self-Management Education Evidence suggests that web-based education initiatives positively correlate with self-management outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
• Diabetes Types and Drug Treatments This paper explores the four types of diabetes, medication applied to manage type 1, and the effects that the condition has on individuals' lives.
• Diabetes Education for Hispanic Patients This article discusses the question of is continuing patient education effective in improving HgBA1C in diabetic Hispanic patients.
• Hispanics With Diabetes Mellitus This paper discusses the issue of how effectively does diabetes education improves health outcomes in Hispanics with diabetes mellitus.
• The Church's Diabetes Self-Management Education Program The main goal of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a multi-faceted church-based diabetes self-management education program. The researchers assessed the impact of this intervention.
• Various Diabetes Management Activities Diabetes management includes different activities. Education and support are basic aspects of any treatment plan because the disease requires daily monitoring and control performed by a patient.
• Educational Programs for Patients With Diabetes The effectiveness of educational programs for patients with diabetes is still a relevant issue. Different specialists claim that diabetes self-management education does not adequately address the problems.
• Diabetes Education Programs for Patients Problems related to diabetes are especially relevant for Latin Americans. There are different methods to address such a problem. One of the most effective approaches is educational programs.
• Silent Myocardial Infarction and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients who are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 often die from silent myocardial infarction and heart failure.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Educational Plan This paper will outline an education plan for homebound elderly with diabetes. The plan aims to reinforce the population’s understanding of the condition and improve their self-care behaviors.
• Diabetes and Hypertension Patient's Healthcare Plan This paper presents the healthcare plan of a 49-year-old white woman with a history of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and migraine headaches.
• Diabetes Prevention in Hispanic Populations Hispanic people face a considerably higher risk of type 2 diabetes due to the lack of knowledge about the condition and poor access to care.
• Lived Experience of Diabetes Among Older, Rural People The study by George and Thomas was aimed at revealing how the aged (65 years and above) diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes and living in rural areas perceive self-management.
• Type 2 Diabetes Patient's Support Needs To reduce the probability of contracting type 2 diabetes, it is strongly advisable for the patient to find more information about the disease and possible ways of its prevention.
• Useful Interventions in Treating Diabetes Diabetes is a chronic disease that mainly affects the older population. This paper discusses useful interventions that have been shown to yield better results.
• Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes Type 2: Assessment Obesity plays a substantial role in adipocytokine dysregulation which is suggested to be a pathogenic trigger of insulin resistance and other diabetes-related problems.
• Treatment of Patient: Risk of Diabetes and Hypertension The risk of diabetes is to be reduced with the help of a diet. To evaluate the effectiveness, keep track of BMI and blood sugar level.
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes and Hypertension The advantageous method to evaluate the intervention's efficiency is activity log. This element contains all the information about the patient's activities and progresses.
• Pathophysiology: Diabetes Type 1 and 2 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease; the immune system of the body attacks the beta cells of the pancreas, which results in the elimination of insulin production.
• Measuring the Global Burden of Disease Community members should identify the best sources of statistical information in order to understand the major illnesses affecting them.
• Diabetes Evidence-Based Treatment Outcomes Diabetes is associated with a decline in health-related quality of life, so after the intervention, it is reasonable to expect improvements in several areas.
• Elderly Education on Diabetes: Study Design This paper is meant to study the effect of post-discharge self-management education promotions and techniques for elderly patients with diabetes on health outcomes.
• Managing the Daily Life of Individuals With Diabetes The suggested teaching plan covers the topic of primary prevention and health promotion. The health problem it comprises is diabetes.
• A High Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes The purpose of the paper is to overview the type 2 diabetes , describe an evidence-based intervention related to the modifiable risk factor, and suggest a teaching plan for the patient.
• Hypertension and Type II Diabetes Mellitus Pathophysiology The clinical findings and physical examination of the patient provide evidence that prove the development of right-sided heart failure.
• Diabetes Patient: The Impact of Chronic Illness The interview indicates that the patient has accepted her disease and manages it. She is aware of her condition and controls her blood glucose level regularly.
• The Prevention and Control the Type-2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is a widespread health issue that affects many people around the world regardless of age and gender.
• Diabetes: Disease Analysis Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease. There are three types of diabetes, such as type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
• Teaching Patients to Live with Diabetes The lesson informs patients about possible behavioral changes associated with diabetes and prepares them to live under new conditions, requirements and restrictions.
• Diabetes Management and Pharmacological Effects The research paper provides pharmacological effects of herbal supplements and metformin medication in the management of diabetes and nursing implications.
• Epidemiology Topics for Signature Assignment The topic of diabetic retinopathy is relevant to my future career as I will seek to encourage every patient with diabetes to have an eye examination regularly.
• Cardiovascular Issues in Hispanic Diabetes Patient This paper discusses the disease processes and produces a treatment plan for a 59-year-old Hispanic male with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.
• Chronic Renal Failure: Prevention and Treatment in Diabetic Patients Chronic renal failure (CRF), which is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, is a condition when kidneys fail to perform their function and respond to the needs of a body.
• Benefits of the Ketogenic Diet in Diabetic Patients The goal of this study is to verify the benefits of ketogenic diets in diabetic patients. The objectives included searching the literature for recent articles on the use of ketogenic diets in diabetes.
• The Issue of Diabetes in Native Americans The paper contributes to efforts for improving the quality of care for Native American patients diagnosed with or at risk for diabetes.
• Diabetes Documentation for Non-Medical Individuals This essay looks at how diabetes has been documented for non-medical individuals over the decades. Examples will be drawn from the poem Diabetes by James Dickey.
• Effectiveness of Pragmatic Lifestyle Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes The studies show that even small changes in lifestyle and physical activity may significantly facilitate the condition of a patient with diabetes.
• The Management of Diabetes in Children The management of diabetes in children needs comprehensive understanding owing to the age of patients and the complexity that comes with the disease.
• Diabetes Prevention: Plan of Care As a lifestyle and dietary choices are central to diabetes prevention and management, it is critical to develop a plan of care for the use in health delivery to this population.
• Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is one of the primary health concerns of the American healthcare system. The prevalence of the disorder is likely to remain unchanged or even increase due to population aging.
• Geriatric Diabetes Management: Evidence-Based Project The presence of diabetes may provoke several complications such as an increase in the levels of blood sugar and blood glucose.
• Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes The patient involved in the assessment should pay attention to his diet as a modifiable risk factor associated with type 2 diabetes.
• Patient Education: Prepare to Live with Diabetes Living with diabetes is not an easy task. Unfortunately, no cure can be offered to patients in order to eliminate it completely.
• Diabetes Signs, Screening and Treatment Diabetes is among the most common endocrine disorders among adults. The condition can be successfully managed using a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches.
• Diabetes Monitor Health Application: Patient Guide The Diabetes Monitor health application records, analyzes, and controls the development of diabetes, reminds of blood glucose tests and the prescribed medicine.
• Nutritional Recommendations for Pediatric Diabetes The issue of children who have diabetes has gained a lot of attention in recent years due to the overwhelming number of consequences that influence their health on a daily basis.
• Diabetes: Causes and Effects Diabetes is the ailment in which there is lack of the production and improper utilization of insulin in the body.
• Diabetic Patient's Education on Insulin Injections The nursing case study is about Juan Duran, a Mexican-American who was prescribed to take insulin injections but was not instructed in how to perform them.
• Diabetes in Adolescents: Research Critique The following topics are discussed in this essay: protection of human participants, data collection, data management and analysis, findings, and interpretation of findings.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Recent Research and Clinical Findings Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, so it can not be completely treated; only properly managed, this is why the reliable method of diagnostics is a great tool for fighting it.
• The Negative Impact of Diabetes on Pregnancy This paper aims to raise awareness about the negative impact of diabetes on pregnancy and how this impact can be mitigated.
• Poor Diabetes Control in Miami-Dade County, Florida Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects a patient’s blood sugar level and leads to a range of negative consequences.
• The Family-Based Education for Adult Patients with T2DM: Positive Effects The purpose of this review is to determine whether family-based education improves glycemic control and health-related quality of life in adult patients with T2DM.
• “Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Diabetes” by Chlebowy In the article, Chlebowy et al. examined one’s ability to manage diabetes type 2 and possible complications in the form of depression, anxiety, and stress.
• The Treatment of Foot Ulcers in Diabetic Patients: Case Study The treatment of foot ulcers in diabetic patients is characterized by several restrictions and precautionary measures.
• Evidence-Based Practice Interventions for Diabetes: CLC Assignment in Nursing Looking for evidence-based practice interventions for diabetes? ➤ Read our project paper example to ✅ learn about mobile health interventions in diabetes care.
• Diabetes and Hypertension Avoiding Recommendations It is vital to develop a system of health recommendations that would promote the prevention of diabetes in Hispanic Americans.
• About Diabetes Treatment The article is a summary of the literature on the most recent findings for effective type 2 diabetes management strategies with a focus on patient engagement.
• Prevalence of Diabetes in Minority Populations This paper examines how nurse specialists could cope with the progression of diabetes in minority populations, such as Hispanics.
• COPD, Heart Failure, Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus The paper aims to address health problems associated with high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. It involves analyzing patients’ lifestyles.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Aged Indigenous Australians The prevalence of diabetes 2 is common amongst the indigenous Australian people. The trend can be attributed to the genetic susceptibility amongst these people.
• Resistin and Its Potential Effects on Insulin Resistance The paper explores the physiological effects of the gut hormone Resistin. In the study conducted at The Penn Diabetes Center, resistin was first discovered as a 12 kDa polypeptide.
• The Global Prevalence of Diabetes in the World This document explores diabetes’ occurrence, causes, and the people more affected around the world, discusses symptoms of the disease and corrective measures to deal with it.
• Management of Foot Ulcers for People with Diabetes Diabetes-related complications are responsible for diabetic foot ulceration and amputation. Cases of lower limb amputation have increased because of diabetes.
• Patient Illness Trajectory From Diabetes Diagnosis to Hemodialysis in Taiwan The article reviews a study that examined diabetic patients' perceptions of their health and the importance of such information for nurses in the treatment of the disease.
• Diabetes Prevention Program Review This report aims to review the curriculum for the Diabetes Prevention Program that is offered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in preventing diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus: The Key Aspects Diabetes mellitus signifies a chronic, lifetime condition that affects the aptitude of the body to consume the glucose in the blood.
• Prevention of Medication Errors in Diabetic Patients in Home Health Services The paper seeks to point out how medical errors can be prevented in-home care and hence lead to improved health outcomes in-home care for diabetic patients.
• Diabetes Risk Factors in Adolescents Diabetes is a common disease among young people in the USA. Dietary practices and a sedentary lifestyle are the main risk factors for the development of type II diabetes.
• How To Protect an Infant Born to a Diabetic Mother This paper evaluates an effective care plan to be given to the baby as a way of mitigating the risks of an infant born of a diabetic mother contracting the disease.
• Care Plan Development: Treating Diabetes Mellitus This study discusses my role as a nurse in the examination of the health of an individual having diabetes and the provision of medical care.
• Diabetes: Obesity in Children This paper will discuss obesity in children and the management strategies that may help to reduce cases of overweight among the kids.
• Type 2 Diabetes Effect on African American Community The paper focuses on an effective learning program that will create awareness about Type 2 diabetes so that members can avoid behavior that may put them at the risk.
• A Study of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes in the Northwest of England Juvenile type 1 diabetes mellitus is the form of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that occurs in children and adolescents.
• Healthy People 2020 Initiative Goals in Miami, FL The three population-based communicable diseases analyzed are HIV/AIDS, STDs, and Diabetes. The community considered is Miami, FL 33155.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Resources Diabetes resource centers provide information that aids in learning the best manner of preventing and managing the illness.
• Support for Diabetes Using Technology by Hunt et al. Although technology applications can be used in the self-management of diabetes, people need to understand the multifaceted treatment plan.
• Critical Analysis: Diabetes Risk Factors in Adolescents The paper is divided into various sections, as follows: protection of human participants; data collection; data management and analysis; problem statement; interpretation of findings.
• Strengthening Adherence in Patients With Diabetes Strengthening adherence in patients with diabetes could be realized via strong social and family support, the involvement of medical personnel, is also of great assistance.
• Diabetes Type-2 Management and Intervention Plan Better management of type-2 diabetes can help make positive changes in lifestyle and delay or avoid the complications related to this disorder.
• The Coping Skills, Treatment, and Support Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus Chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus is a big blow to the patient. The paper analysis the coping skills, treatment, and support aspects of diabetes mellitus.
• The Insulin Pump Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes The purpose of this paper is to discuss Johnson and the group findings in the context of the existing research the insulin pump therapy and its importance for the nursing practice.
• A Diabetes Diagnosis: Insulin Pump Therapy The current article discusses the long-term results of a diabetes diagnosis known as Insulin Pump Therapy. A large population was used to investigate these outcomes.
• Diabetes Mellitus Management Strategy This paper seeks to identify the most current diabetes management strategy, critically analyzing its findings in terms of its relevance to diabetes management.
• Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension for Elderly Patients With Diabetes This essay discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension in elderly diabetic patients, pharmacological principles in its management, and general nursing care.
• Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin This paper discusses the structure, synthesis, secretion and metabolism of insulin in association with its major function, which is to regulate blood glucose.
• Treatment for Diabetes Analysis Although the new discoveries of antidiabetic drugs appear on the market, diabetic patients still suffer from diseases and side effects of these discoveries.
• Course Project: Lesson Plan for Diabetes Mellitus The main purpose of the lesson plan is to inform and sensitize more people about the issues associated with diabetes mellitus.
• Diabetes Management and Quality Improvement Initiative The purpose of the diabetes management and quality improvement initiative is to enhance the process of the healthcare provider and the outcome of patients.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type II Diabetes mellitus type II is a chronic metabolic syndrome that affects the body’s sugar metabolism by resisting the stimulation and production of insulin.
• Diabetes and Healthy People 2020 Care Plan This project has identified the patient vulnerable to the selected health issue of diabetes and assessed one’s health status from the point of view of Healthy People 2020.
• Diabetes Resources, Control and Prevention The following project will list three helpful resources for this patient and for all those who need help in diabetes prevention and health promotion.
• Diabetic Diet Management: Patient Education Plan A nurse supporting individuals with diabetes should use education plans to produce the best goals, focus on a wide range of issues such as disease management, exercise, and diet.
• Diabetes Prevention Lesson and Teaching Plan In this paper, the teaching plan will be elaborated to help the community people affected by the diabetes problem improve their health status.
• Diabetes Impact on Direct Care Plan Development A diabetes direct care plan for the people in the community should be based on the data obtained during the screening and evaluation procedures.
• Aspirin Usage for Women with Diabetes For women with diabetes, does the use of low-dose aspirin daily reduce the risk of cardiovascular events within several years in comparison with no usage of low-dose aspirin?
• Type 2 Diabetes: The Ways to Prevent or Delay It This paper aims to describe several ways to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes: adequate diet, physical activity, etc.
• Diabetes and Positive Influence of Physical Exercise Continuous physical exercise helps diabetic patients to reduce their daily need for insulin, attain a healthy body mass index, and lower cardiovascular complications.
• Researching Intervention on Diabetes It is emotionally challenging for adolescents to understand why diabetes is a chronic disease that will accompany them throughout their lives
• Indicators in Black Diabetes Mellitus Type II Patients This paper aims to analyze the importance of the variables and their topicality to the chosen PICOT question about black diabetes mellitus type II patients.
• The BlueStar Diabetes Mobile Health Application The mobile health application "BlueStar Diabetes" is advised for the client to help improve his quality of life and prevent any complications.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Age-Related Changes Type 2 diabetes is a disorder commonly caused by blood sugar imbalance in the body when insulin hormone becomes defective, and mainly results from lifestyle implications.
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease The paper demonstrates that type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease (CAD) can cause the symptoms of feeling extremely tired and gaining weight.
• Diabetes and Healthy People 2020 The paper will address diabetes from the point of view of Healthy People 2020 and discuss diabetes' impact on individual health and the overall health of the nation.
• Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Health Promotion Program The prevention of type 2 diabetes can be accomplished by ensuring that patients exercise, maintain a proper diet, get an annual physical, and participate in lifestyle seminars.
• Diabetes Intervention as Evidence-Based Practice Project The development of artificial pancreas technology provides an opportunity for more effective and safe treatment that is ongoing 24/7.
• Rapid Weight Loss in Elderly Diabetic Patient The paper discusses about measures for diagnostic causes problem of weight loss in diabetic and importance of right diagnostics.
• Quality Healthcare: Measuring NP Performance Out of six domains of care proposed by the National Committee for Quality Assurance, the paper focuses on such domains as the effectiveness of care.
• Diabetes in Children: Policies and Programs Diabetes is a chronic disease, the onset of which is caused due to the lack of insulin produced by the pancreas or organism's inability to use this insulin.
• Reducing Hospital Readmissions Among Diabetes Patients This paper proposes to use several strategies that may not only improve outcomes in patients with diabetes but also reduce related workload and cost burden on the industry.
• Constant Glucose Monitoring in Diabetic Patients The paper discusses the importance of Constant Glucose Monitoring in diabetic patients. It includes that GCM improves treatment satisfaction.
• Health Belief Model in Diabetes Care It is important to note that diabetes is a chronic condition where an individual’s body experiences issues with blood sugar regulations.
• The Type 2 Diabetes Patient Education Knowledge of type 2 diabetes and mortality from this disease will help to raise awareness of patients in this matter.
• A Diabetes Patient's Challenging Experiences The current paper provides one with a better understanding of individuals’ experiences with chronic illnesses and associated vulnerabilities.
• Reducing Hospital Readmissions With Diabetes The current paper will review the ways of reducing frequent hospital readmissions among the population of patients with diabetes.
• Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Plan for Teenager The patient is a female teenager who goes to high school and frequently attends soccer practice, as she is the goalie of the soccer team.
• Factors That Affect the Increase of Type 2 Diabetes Worldwide
• Diabetes Mellitus and Contemporary Naturopathic Medicine
• Glucose Tolerance Tests Accuracy in Diagnosing Diabetes
• Metformin and Biliary Tract Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Among Ethnic Minorities and the Aging Population
• Diabetes, Ethnicity, and Genetics
• Type Two Diabetes Mellitus as a Disease That Discriminates Against Lifes
• Medications Adherence and Associated Factors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Gaza Strip, Palestine
• Obesity Issue in Society: A Growing Concern The paper focuses on obesity, reveals its prevalence in society, identifies solutions, and concludes by showing measures to be taken in controlling this condition.
• Obesity and Diabetes: Implications for Brain-Immunometabolism
• Optimizing Exercise for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
• Obesity and Diabetes: Energy Regulation by Free Fatty Acid Receptors
• Living With Diabetes: The Benefits of a High Fat and Low Carbohydrate Diet
• Sex and Gender Aspects in Diabetes
• Childhood Obesity and Its Correlation With Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus and Erectile Dysfunctions
• Diabetes: Health Policy Analysis This assignment discusses whether government officials should establish policies to promote diabetes prevention in educational institutions.
• Vegetarian and Vegan Diets on Type 2 Diabetes Management
• Genetic Origins and Interventions of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
• Understanding Autoimmune Diabetes Through the Prism of the Tri-Molecular Complex
• Mediterranean Diet and Type 2 Diabetes
• Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: A Critical Assessment of the Shared Pathological Traits
• Novel Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes
• Family-based Diabetes Intervention for Hispanic Adults and Their Family Members
• Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Among African Americans
• A Curriculum Objectives Paper: Diabetes This curriculum objectives document aims to educate key players in diabetes management and affected communities.
• Diabetes Alters Activation and Repression of Pro- And Anti-inflammatory Signaling Pathways in the Vasculature
• Diabetes: All About the Disease, Its Causes, Effects, Treatments, and Possible Future Treatments
• Diabetes Health and Prevention for Asian Americans
• Traditional and Alternative Medicine for Type Two Diabetes
• Camel Milk and Its Effects on People With Type One Diabetes
• Educational Program: Illness Perception and Medication Adherence This paper is dedicated to the improvement of medication adherence and illness perception among Saudi Arabian adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Diabetes, Pancreatic Cancer, and Metformin Therapy
• Platelet Measurements and Type 2 Diabetes: Investigations in Two Population-based Cohorts
• Gestational Diabetes and How To Treat the Disease During Pregnancy
• Connecting Alzheimer’s Disease With Diabetes Mellitus Through Amyloidogenic Evolvability
• Phosphatidylserine-liposomes Promote Tolerogenic Features on Dendritic Cells in Human Type 1 Diabetes by Apoptotic Mimicry
• Factors That Affect the Health Condition of Diabetes
• Diabetes in Malaysia: Diabetes Prevalence Rate and the Role of Education in Diabetes The study aims to update the knowledge on diabetes in Malaysia to determine the relationships of behavior and attitudes of the population and level of knowledge about the disease.
• Native Americans and the Effects of Diabetes
• Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments
• Asian Indians With Prediabetes Have Similar Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function to Those With Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes and Complementary and Alternative Therapies
• Diabetes Disease and Its Effect on the Digestive System
• Type One Diabetes and the Consequences
• What Are the Screening Tools for Type 1 Diabetes?
• How Does Insulin Help Diabetes Be Controlled?
• What Is the Prophylaxis To Prevent Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Does Diabetes Not Cause Depression?
• Why Are Approximately 1,800 New Cases of Diabetes Diagnosed in America Every Day?
• Does Alcohol Decrease the Risk of Diabetes?
• What Is the Relationship Between Excess Iron and Type 2 Diabetes?
• Does Overeating Cause Diabetes, Cavities, Acne, Hyperactivity and Make You Fat?
• How Fat and Obesity Cause Diabetes?
• What Is Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
• What Are the Effects of Diabetes on the Peripheral Blood Vessels and the Consequences?
• How Diabetes Insipidus Takes Place in the Human Body?
• Cell-Based Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Should We Take Hyperglycemia Into Account?
• What Is the Prevalence and Statistics of Diabetes in Australia?
• How Diabetes Mellitus Changes Urine Formation?
• What Is the Public Awareness of Diabetes?
• Can Diabetes Become Preventable?
• What Are the Main Causes and Treatments of Diabetes?
• Can Exercising and Dieting Prevent People From Type 2 Diabetes?
• What Is Pharmacotherapy and How Does It Help in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes?
• Can Coffee Reduce the Risk of Diabetes?
• What Factors Are Involved in the Increasing Prevalence of Type II Diabetes in Adolescents Living in Sub-saharan Africa?
• Is It Possible to Manage Diabetes Through Diet and Weight Control?
• What Is the Relationship Between Depression and Diabetes?
• How Does the Treatment With Insulin Affect Type 2 Diabetes?
• What Is the Relationship Between Genetic Predisposition, Obesity, and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes?
• How to Reduce the Likelihood of Rehospitalization of Patients With Diabetes?
• Why Diabetes Mellitus and How It Affects the United States?
• Does Valproic Acid Have Potential in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus?
• What Is the Relationship Between Genetics and Diabetes?

Cite this page

Select style

• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

NursingBird. (2024, January 20). 193 Diabetes Research Topics & Essay Examples. https://nursingbird.com/topics/diabetes-research-topics/

"193 Diabetes Research Topics & Essay Examples." NursingBird , 20 Jan. 2024, nursingbird.com/topics/diabetes-research-topics/.

NursingBird . (2024) '193 Diabetes Research Topics & Essay Examples'. 20 January.

NursingBird . 2024. "193 Diabetes Research Topics & Essay Examples." January 20, 2024. https://nursingbird.com/topics/diabetes-research-topics/.

1. NursingBird . "193 Diabetes Research Topics & Essay Examples." January 20, 2024. https://nursingbird.com/topics/diabetes-research-topics/.

Bibliography

NursingBird . "193 Diabetes Research Topics & Essay Examples." January 20, 2024. https://nursingbird.com/topics/diabetes-research-topics/.

• Human Papillomavirus

357 Diabetes Essay Topics & Examples

When you write about the science behind nutrition, heart diseases, and alternative medicine, checking titles for diabetes research papers can be quite beneficial. Below, our experts have gathered original ideas and examples for the task.

🏆 Best Diabetes Essay Examples & Topics

⭐ most interesting diabetes research paper topics, ✅ simple & easy diabetes essay topics, 🎓 good research topics about diabetes, 💡 interesting topics to write about diabetes, 👍 good essay topics on diabetes, ❓ diabetes research question examples.

• Type 2 Diabetes The two major types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Doctor: The first step in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is consumption of healthy diet.
• Living With a Chronic Disease: Diabetes and Asthma This paper will look at the main effects of chronic diseases in the lifestyle of the individuals and analyze the causes and the preventive measures of diabetes as a chronic disease.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms, Types, Effects Insulin is the hormone that controls the levels of glucose in the blood, and when the pancreas releases it, immediately the high levels are controlled, like after a meal.
• The Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative in Canada The ADI’s goal in the CDS was to raise type 2 diabetes awareness and lower the incidence of associated consequences among Aboriginal people.
• Diabetes Issues: Insulin Price and Unaffordability According to the forecast of researchers from Stanford University, the number of people with type 2 diabetes who need insulin-containing drugs in the world will increase by about 79 million people by 2030, which will […]
• Type 2 Diabetes as a Public Health Issue In recent years, a steady increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes is observed in almost all countries of the world.
• Leadership in Diabetes Management Nurses can collaborate and apply evidence-based strategies to empower their diabetic patients. The involvement of all key stakeholders is also necessary.
• Diabetes Self-Management: Evidence-Based Nursing The article by Seley and Weinger, improving diabetes self management attempts to address the possible barriers to patient education and the role of the nurse in assisting the patient to manage diabetes.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Pathophysiology and Treatment The primary etiologies linked to the patient’s T2DM condition include morbid obesity and family history. The genetic factors implicated in T2DM pathogenesis relate to a family history of the disease.
• Case Study of Patient with DKA and Diabetes Mellitus It is manifested by a sharp increase in glucose levels and the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood, their appearance in the urine, regardless of the degree of violation of the patient’s consciousness.
• Diabetes and Its Economic Effect on Healthcare For many years, there has been an active increase in the number of cases of diabetes of all types among the global population, which further aggravates the situation.
• Nursing Care For the Patient With Diabetes The right diagnosis of a patient’s condition also helps in the administering of the right medication. In this case, the doctor would keep the goal of administering the right medication to the patient.
• The Minority Diabetes Initiative Act’s Analysis The bill provides the right to the Department of Health and Human Services to generate grants to public and nonprofit private health care institutions with the aim of providing treatment for diabetes in minority communities.
• Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Patient’s Profile Any immediate care as well as post-discharge treatment should be explained in the best manner possible that is accessible and understandable to the patient.
• Diabetes Patients’ Long-Term Care and Life Quality Since insulin resistance can be lowered through weight reduction which, in turn, decreases the severity of the condition, it is also often incorporated into the long-term care of patients with Type 2 diabetes.
• Gestational Diabetes in a 38-Year-Old Woman The concept map, created to meet B.’s needs, considers her educational requirements and cultural and racial hurdles to recognize her risk factors and interventions to increase her adherence to the recommended course of treatment.B.said in […]
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Implications You call an ambulance and she is taken in to the ED. Background: Jean is still very active and works on the farm 3 days a week.
• Development of Comprehensive Inpatient and Outpatient Programs for Diabetes Overcoming the fiscal and resource utilization issues in the development of a comprehensive diabetes program is essential for the improvement of health and the reduction of treatment costs.
• Healthcare Cost Depending on Chronic Disease Management of Diabetes and Hypertension A sufficient level of process optimization and the presence of a professional treating staff in the necessary number will be able to help improve the indicators.
• Improving Glycemic Control in Black Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Information in them is critical for answering the question and supporting them with the data that might help to acquire an enhanced understanding of the issue under research. Finally, answering the PICOT question, it is […]
• Shared Decision-Making That Affects the Management of Diabetes The article by Peek et al.is a qualitative study investigating the phenomenon of shared decision-making that affects the management of diabetes. The researchers demonstrate the racial disparity that can arise in the choice of approaches […]
• Managing Obesity as a Strategy for Addressing Type 2 Diabetes When a patient, as in the case of Amanda, requires a quick solution to the existing problem, it is necessary to effectively evaluate all options in the shortest possible time.
• Tests and Screenings: Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease The test is offered to patients regardless of gender, while the age category is usually above 45 years. CDC1 recommends doing the test regardless of gender and is conducted once or twice to check the […]
• Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes American Diabetes Association states that for overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes who are ready to lose weight, a 5% weight reduction diet, physical exercise, and behavioral counseling should be provided.
• COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus Lim et al, in their article, “COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management”, explored how COVID-19 can worsen the symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
• The Importance of Physical Exercise in Diabetes II Patients The various activities help to improve blood sugar levels, reduce cardiovascular cases and promote the overall immunity of the patient. Subsequently, the aerobic part will help to promote muscle development and strengthen the bones.
• Diabetes Education Workflow Process Mapping DSN also introduces the patient to the roles of specialists involved in managing the condition, describes the patient’s actions, and offers the necessary educational materials.
• Diabetes: Treatment Complications and Adjustments One of the doctor’s main priorities is to check the compatibility of a patient’s medications. The prescriptions of other doctors need to be thoroughly checked and, if necessary, replaced with more appropriate medication.
• The Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus PICOT (Evidence-Based) Project Blood glucose levels, A1C, weight, and stress management are the parameters to indicate the adequacy of physical exercise in managing T2DM.
• Chronic Disease Cost Calculator (Diabetes) This paper aims at a thorough, detailed, and exhaustive explanation of such a chronic disease as diabetes in terms of the prevalence and cost of treatment in the United States and Maryland.
• Diabetes Mellitus Epidemiology Statistics This study entails a standard established observation order from the established starting time to an endpoint, in this case, the onset of disease, death, or the study’s end. It is crucial to state this value […]
• Epidemiology: Type II Diabetes in Hispanic Americans The prevalence of type II diabetes in Hispanic Americans is well-established, and the search for inexpensive prevention methods is in the limelight.
• Diabetes: Risk Factors and Effects Trends in improved medical care and the development of technology and medicine are certainly contributing to the reduction of the problem. All of the above indicates the seriousness of the problem of diabetes and insufficient […]
• Barriers to Engagement in Collaborative Care Treatment of Uncontrolled Diabetes The primary role of physicians, nurses, and other healthcare team members is to provide patients with medical treatment and coordinate that care while also working to keep costs down and expand access.
• Hereditary Diabetes Prevention With Lifestyle Modification Yeast infections between the fingers and toes, beneath the breast, and in or around the genital organs are the common symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
• Health Equity Regarding Type 2 Diabetes According to Tajkarimi, the number of research reports focusing on T2D’s prevalence and characteristics in underserved minorities in the U. Adapting the program’s toolkits to rural Americans’ eating and self-management habits could also be instrumental […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Treatment Methods Moreover, according to the multiple findings conducted by Park et al, Billeter et al, and Tsilingiris et al, bariatric surgeries have a positive rate of sending diabetes into remission.
• Diagnosing Patient with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes The possible outcomes of the issues that can be achieved are discussing the violations with the patient’s family and convincing them to follow the medical regulations; convincing the girl’s family to leave her at the […]
• Human Service for Diabetes in Late Adulthood The mission of the Georgia Diabetic Foot Care Program is to make a positive difference in the health of persons living with diabetes.
• Diabetes: Symptoms and Risk Factors In terms of the problem, according to estimates, 415 million individuals worldwide had diabetes mellitus in 2015, and it is expected to rise to 642 million by the year 2040.
• Diabetes: Types and Management Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the United States caused when the body fails to optimally metabolize food into energy.
• Type 2 Diabetes’ Impact on Australian Society Consequently, the most significant impact of the disease is the increased number of deaths among the population which puts their lives in jeopardy. Further, other opportunistic diseases are on the rise lowering the quality of […]
• Epidemiology of Diabetes and Forecasted Trends The authors note that urbanization and the rapid development of economies of different countries are the main causes of diabetes. The authors warn that current diabetes strategies are not effective since the rate of the […]
• Communicating the Issue of Diabetes The example with a CGM sensor is meant to show that doctors should focus on educating people with diabetes on how to manage their condition and what to do in extreme situations.
• Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 The goal is to define the features of patient information to provide data on the general course of the illness and its manifestations following the criteria of age, sex, BMI, and experimental data.
• The Prevention of Diabetes and Its Consequences on the Population At the same time, these findings can also be included in educational programs for people living with diabetes to warn them of the risks of fractures and prevent them.
• Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes and Depression Treatment The data synthesis demonstrates that carefully chosen depression and anxiety treatment is likely to result in better A1C outcomes for the patient on the condition that the treatment is regular and convenient for the patients.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Education Schillinger et al.came to the same conclusion; thus, their findings on the study of the Bigger Picture campaign effectiveness among youth of color are necessary to explore diabetes prevention.
• A Diabetes Quantitative Article Analysis The article “Correlates of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time among adults with type 2 diabetes” by Mathe et al.refers to the global issue of the prevention of diabetes and its complications.
• A Type 2 Diabetes Quantitative Article Critique Therefore, the main issue is the prevention of type 2 diabetes and its consequences, and this paper will examine one of the scientific studies that will be used for its exploration.
• The Diabetes Prevention Articles by Ford and Mathe The main goal of the researchers was to measure the baseline MVPA of participants and increase their activity to the recommended 150 minutes per week through their participation in the Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Hispanic Americans The HP2020 objectives and the “who, where, and when” of the problem highlight the significance of developing new, focused, culturally sensitive T2D prevention programs for Hispanic Americans.
• Diabetes Mellitus as Problem in US Healthcare Simultaneously, insurance companies are interested in decreasing the incidence of diabetes to reduce the costs of testing, treatment, and provision of medicines.
• Diabetes Prevention as a Change Project All of these queries are relevant and demonstrate the importance of including people at high risk of acquiring diabetes in the intervention.
• Evidence Synthesis Assignment: Prevention of Diabetes and Its Complications The purpose of this research is to analyze and synthesize evidence of good quality from three quantitative research and three non-research sources to present the problem of diabetes and justify the intervention to address it.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Causes and Health Challenges Second, the nature of this problem is a clear indication of other medical concerns in this country, such as poor health objectives and strategies and absence of resources.
• Diabetes in Adults in Oxfordshire On a national level, Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation aims to prevent the spread of the decease through research of the causes and effective treatment of diabetes 2 type.
• Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Disorder Case Study Analysis Thus, informing the patient about the importance of regular medication intake, physical activity, and adherence to diet in maintaining diabetes can solve the problem.
• Diabetes Mellitus in Young Adults Thus, programs for young adults should predominantly focus on the features of the transition from adolescence to adulthood. As a consequence, educational programs on diabetes improve the physical and psychological health of young adults.
• A Healthcare Issue of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is seen as a primary healthcare issue that affects populations across the globe and necessitates the combination of a healthy lifestyle and medication to improve the quality of life of people who suffer […]
• Control of LDL Cholesterol Levels in Patients, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In addition, some patients with hypercholesterolemia may have statin intolerance, which reduces adherence to therapy, limits treatment efficacy, and increases the risk of CVD.
• Exploring Glucose Tolerance and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In the case of a glucose tolerance test for the purpose of diagnosing GDM type, the interpretation of the test results is carried out according to the norms for the overall population.
• Type 2 Diabetes Health Issue and Exercise This approach will motivate the patient to engage in exercise and achieve better results while reducing the risk of diabetes-related complications.
• Diabetes Interventions in Children The study aims to answer the PICOT Question: In children with obesity, how does the use of m-Health applications for controlling their dieting choices compare to the supervision of their parents affect children’s understanding of […]
• Diabetes Tracker Device and Its Advantages The proposed diabetes tracker is a device that combines the functionality of an electronic BGL tester and a personal assistant to help patients stick to their diet plan.
• Disease Management for Diabetes Mellitus The selection of the appropriate philosophical and theoretical basis for the lesson is essential as it allows for the use of an evidence-based method for learning about a particular disease.
• Latino People and Type 2 Diabetes The primary aim of the study is to determine the facilitators and barriers to investigating the decision-making process in the Latin population and their values associated with type 2 diabetes.
• Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Program The choice of this topic and question is based on the fact that despite the high prevalence of diabetes among adolescents in the United States, the use of DSMES among DM patients is relatively low, […]
• Diabetes Mellitus Care Coordination The aim is to establish what medical technologies, care coordination and community resources, and standards of nursing practice contribute to the quality of care and safety of patients with diabetes.
• Healthy Lifestyle Interventions in Comorbid Asthma and Diabetes In most research, the weight loss in cases of comorbid asthma and obesity is reached through a combination of dietary interventions and physical exercise programs.
• PDSA in Diabetes Prevention The second step in the “Do” phase would be to isolate a few members of the community who are affected by diabetes voluntarily.
• Diabetes: Statistics, Disparities, Therapies The inability to produce adequate insulin or the body’s resistance to the hormone is the primary cause of diabetes. Diabetes is a serious health condition in the U.S.and the world.
• Type 2 Diabetes Prescriptions and Interventions The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a universal model due to the complexity of many factors that can affect the implementation of recommendations: from the variety of demographic data to the patient’s medical history.
• Health Education for Female African Americans With Diabetes In order to address and inform the public about the challenges, nurses are required to intervene by educating the population on the issues to enhance their understanding of the risks associated with the conditions they […]
• Diabetes Risk Assessment and Prevention It is one of the factors predisposing patients suffering from diabetes to various cardiovascular diseases. With diabetes, it is important to learn how to determine the presence of carbohydrates in foods.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Preventive Measures In addition to addressing the medical specialists who will be of service in disease prevention, it will emphasize the intervention programs required to help control the spread of the illness.
• “The Diabetes Online Community” by Litchman et al. The researchers applied the method of telephone interviews to determine the results and effectiveness of the program. The study described the value of DOC in providing support and knowledge to older diabetes patients.
• Mobile App for Improved Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes The central focus of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the BlueStar app in controlling glucose levels among the participants.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Minorities from Cultural Perspective The purpose of this paper is to examine the ethical and cultural perspectives on the issue of T2DM in minorities. Level 2: What are the ethical obstacles to treating T2DM in ethnic and cultural minorities?
• Ethics of Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence in Minorities The purpose of this article analysis is to dwell on scholarly evidence that raises the question of ethical and cultural aspects of T2DM prevalence in minorities.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Minorities: Research Questions The Level 2 research questions are: What are the pathophysiological implications of T2DM in minorities? What are the statistical implications of T2DM in minorities?
• Improving Adherence to Diabetes Treatment in Primary Care Settings Additionally, the patients from the intervention group will receive a detailed explanation of the negative consequences of low adherence to diabetes treatment.
• An Advocacy Tool for Diabetes Care in the US To ensure the implementation and consideration of my plea, I sent a copy of the letter to the government officials so it could reach the president.
• Diabetes and Allergies: A Statistical Check The current dataset allowed us to test the OR for the relationship between family history of diabetes and the presence of diabetes in a particular patient: all variables were dichotomous and discrete and could take […]
• Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents According to a National Diabetes Statistics Report released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the estimated prevalence of the disease was 25 cases per 10,000 adolescents in 2017. A proper understanding of T2D […]
• Analysis of Diabetes and Its Huge Effects In the US, diabetes is costly to treat and has caused much physical, emotional and mental harm to the people and the families of those who have been affected by the disease.
• Nursing: Self-Management of Type II Diabetes Sandra Fernandes and Shobha Naidu’s journal illustrates the authors’ understanding of a significant topic in the nursing profession.”Promoting Participation in self-care management among patients with diabetes mellitus” article exposes readers to Peplau’s theory to understand […]
• The Impact of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets on Diabetes Vegetarian diets are popular for a variety of reasons; according to the National Health Interview Survey in the United States, about 2% of the population reported following a vegetarian dietary pattern for health reasons in […]
• “Diabetes Prevention in U.S. Hispanic Adults” by McCurley et al. This information allows for supposing that face-to-face interventions can be suitable to my practicum project that considers measures to improve access to care among African Americans with heart failure diseases. Finally, it is possible to […]
• Diabetes Disease of the First and Second Types It is a decrease in the biological response of cells to one or more effects of insulin at its average concentration in the blood. During the first type of diabetes, insulin Degludec is required together […]
• The Trend of the Higher Prevalence of Diabetes According to the CDC, while new cases of diabetes have steadily decreased over the decades, the prevalence of the disease among people aged below twenty has not.
• Person-Centered Strategy of Diabetes and Dementia Care The population of focus for this study will be Afro-American women aged between sixty and ninety who have diabetes of the second type and dementia or are likely to develop dementia in the future.
• Video Consultations Between Patients and Clinicians in Diabetes, Cancer, and Heart Failure Services For example, during one of my interactions with the patient, I was asked whether the hospital had the policy to avoid face-to-face interaction during the pandemic with the help of video examinations.
• Diets to Prevent Heart Disease, Cancer, and Diabetes In order to prevent heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, people are required to adhere to strict routines, including in terms of diet. Additionally, people wanting to prevent heart disease, cancer, and diabetes also need to […]
• The Centers for Diabetes’ Risks Assessment In general, the business case for the Centers for Diabetes appears to be positive since the project is closely aligned with the needs of the community and the targets set by the Affordable Care Act.
• Diabetes Management: Case Study Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes contrast based on their definitions, the causes, and the management of the conditions. Since the CDC promotes the avoidance of saturated fat and the increase of fiber intake for […]
• Intervention Methods for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus An individual should maintain a regulated glycemic control using the tenets of self-management to reduce the possibility of complications related to diabetes.
• Diabetes Mellitus as Leading Cause of Disability The researchers used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where more than 12% of older people in the US live with the condition.
• Depression in Diabetes Patients The presence of depression concomitant to diabetes mellitus prevents the adaptation of the patient and negatively affects the course of the underlying disease.
• The Relationship Between Diabetes and COVID-19 After completing the research and analyzing the articles, it is possible to suggest a best practice that may be helpful and effective in defining the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 and providing a way to […]
• Pre-diabetes and Urinary Incontinence Most recent reports indicate that a physiotherapy procedure gives a positive result in up to 80% of patients with stage I or SUI and mixed form and 50% of patients with stage II SUI.
• Type 1 Diabetes: Recommendations for Alternative Drug Treatments Then, they have to assess the existing levels of literacy and numeracy a patient has. Tailoring educational initiatives to a person’s unique ethnic and cultural background is the basis of cultural competence in patient education.
• Type 2 Diabetes: A Pharmacologic Update Diabetes presents one of the most common diagnoses in causes of ED visits among adults and one of the leading causes of death in the United States.
• Type 2 Diabetes and Its Treatment The main difference in type 2 diabetes is the insensitivity of the body’s cells to the action of the hormone insulin and their insulin resistance.
• Diabetes: Vulnerability, Resilience, and Care In nursing care, resilience is a critical concept that shows the possibility of a person to continue functioning and meeting objectives despite the existing challenges.
• Diabetes Prevention in the United States The analysis of these policies and the other strategies provides the opportunity to understand what role they might play in the improvement of human health. NDPP policy, on the other hand, emphasizes the role of […]
• Teaching Experience: Diabetes Prevention The primary objective of the seminar is to reduce the annual number of diabetes cases and familiarize the audience with the very first signs of this disease.
• Summary of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pharmacologic Update The authors first emphasize that T2D is one of the most widespread diseases in the United States and the seventh leading cause of death.
• Insulin Effects in a Diabetes Person I will use this source to support my research because the perception of diabetes patients on insulin therapy is essential for understanding the impact they cause on the person.
• Diabetes and Medical Intervention In the research conducted by Moin et al, the authors attempted to define the scope of efficiency of such a tool as an online diabetes prevention program in the prevention of diabetes among obese/overweight population […]
• Relation Between Diabetes And Nutrition Any efforts to lessen and eliminate the risk of developing diabetes must involve the dietary habit of limiting the consumption of carbohydrates, sugar, and fats. According to Belfort-DeAguiar and Dongju, the three factors of obesity, […]
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and a Healthy Lifestyle Relationship The advantage of this study over the first is that the method uses a medical approach to determining the level of fasting glucose, while the dependences in the study of Ugandans were found using a […]
• Diabetes: Epidemiological Analysis I would like to pose the following question: how can epidemiology principles be applied to these statistics for further improvements of policies that aim to reduce the impact of diabetes on the U.S.population? The limited […]
• Pathogenesis and Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension The hormone is produced by the cells of the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas. It is attributed to the variation in the lifestyle of these individuals in these two geographical zones.
• Parental Intervention on Self-Management of an Adolescent With Diabetes Diabetes development and exposure are strongly tied to lifestyle, and the increasing incidents rate emphasizes the severity of the population’s health problem.
• Addressing the Needs of Hispanic Patients With Diabetes Similarly, in the program at hand, the needs of Hispanic patients with diabetes will be considered through the prism of the key specifics of the community, as well as the cultural background of the patients.
• Diabetes: Epidemiologic Study Design For instance, the range of their parents’ involvement in the self-management practices can be a crucial factor in treatment and control.
• What to Know About Diabetes? Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune reaction that prevent realization of insulin in a body. Estimated 5-10% of people who have diabetes have type 1.
• Diabetes in Saudi Arabia It is expected that should this underlying factor be discovered, whether it is cultural, societal, or genetic in nature, this should help policymakers within Saudi Arabia create new governmental initiatives to address the problem of […]
• “Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Key to Diabetes Management and Prevention” Article Analysis In the process of MNT application, the dietitian keeps a record of the changes in the main components of food and other components of the blood such as blood sugars to determine the trend to […]
• Nutrition and Physical Activity for Children With a Diabetes When a child understands that the family supports him or her, this is a great way to bring enthusiasm in dealing with the disease.
• Global and Societal Implications of the Diabetes Epidemic The main aim of the authors of this article seems to be alerting the reader on the consequences of diabetes to the society and to the whole world.
• Diabetes and Hypertension Avoiding Recommendations Thus, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle should entail the encouragement of the population to cease smoking and monitor for cholesterol levels.
• Pregnant Women With Type I Diabetes: COVID-19 Disease Management The grounded theory was selected for the given topic, and there are benefits and drawbacks of utilizing it to study the experiences of pregnant women with type I diabetes and COVID-19.
• Current Recommendations for the Glycemic Control in Diabetes Management of blood glucose is one of the critical issues in the care of people with diabetes. Therefore, the interval of the A1C testing should also depend on the condition of the patient, the physician’s […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Causes, Presentation, Treatment, and Examination Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrinologic disease, which is characterized by increased blood glucose concentration.
• Diabetes Problem at Country Walk Community: Intervention and Evaluation This presentation develops a community health nursing intervention and evaluation tool for the diabetes problem affecting Country Walk community.
• Communication Challenges Between Nurses and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes According to Pung and Goh, one of the limitations of communication in a multicultural environment is the language barrier that manifests itself in the direct interaction of nurses with patients and in the engagement work […]
• Diabetes Type 2 from Management Viewpoint Demonstrate the effects of type 2 diabetes and provide background information on the disease; Discuss the management plans of diabetes centers and critically analyze the frameworks implemented in the hospitals; Examine the existing methodology models […]
• Nursing Plan for the Patient with Diabetes Type 2, HTN, and CAD The health of the population is the most valuable achievement of society, so the preservation and strengthening of it is an essential task in which everyone should participate without exception.
• Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a serious public health concern that introduces a group of metabolic disorders caused by changes in the sugar blood level.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type II: A Case of a Female Adult Patient In this presentation, we are going to develop a care plan for a 47-year-old woman with a 3-year-old history of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (also known as Type II DM).
• Diabetes Insipidus: Disease Process With Implications for Healthcare Professionals This presentation will consider the topic of Diabetes Insipidus (DI) with a focus on its etiology and progress.
• The Nature of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease that has an active genetic component, which is identified by increased blood glucose levels, also known as hyperglycemia.
• A Study of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes in the Northwest of England The total number of children under seventeen years living with type 1 diabetes in North West England by 2009 was 2,630.
• Imperial Diabetes Center Field Study The purpose is to examine the leadership’s practices used to maintain and improve the quality and safety standards of the facility and, using the observations and scholarly research, offer recommendations for improvement.
• Diabetes Risk Assessment After completing the questionnaire, I learned that my risk for the development of diabetes is above average. Modern risk assessment tools allow identifying the current state of health and possibilities of developing the disease.
• The Role of Telenursing in the Management of Diabetes Type 1 Telemedicine is the solution that could potentially increase the coverage and improve the situation for many t1DM patients in the world.
• Health Issues of Heart Failure and Pediatric Diabetes As for the population, which is intended to participate in the research, I am convinced that there is the need to specify the patients who should be examined and monitored.
• Juvenile Diabetes: Demographics, Statistics and Risk Factors Juvenile diabetes, also referred to as Type 2 diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, describes a health condition associated with the pancreas’s limited insulin production. The condition is characterized by the destruction of the cells that make […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiologic Processes The main function of insulin produced by cells within the pancreas in response to food intake is to lower blood sugar levels by the facilitation of glucose uptake in the cells of the liver, fat, […]
• Type 2 Diabetes Management in Gulf Countries One such study is the systematic review on the quality of type 2 diabetes management in the countries of the cooperation council for the Arab states of the Gulf, prepared by Alhyas, McKay, Balasanthiran, and […]
• Patient with Ataxia and Diabetes Mellitus Therefore, the therapist prioritizes using the cushion to the client and persuades the patient to accept the product by discussing the merits of the infinity cushion with a low profile in enabling the customer to […]
• Diabetes Evidence-Based Project: Disseminating Results In this presentation, the involvement of mentors and collaboration with administration and other stakeholders are the preferred steps, and the idea to use social networking and web pages has to be removed.
• The Problem of Diabetes Among African Americans Taking into consideration the results of the research and the information found in the articles, the problem of diabetes among African Americans has to be identified and discussed at different levels.
• Childhood Obesity, Diabetes and Heart Problems Based on the data given in the introduction it can be seen that childhood obesity is a real problem within the country and as such it is believed that through proper education children will be […]
• Hypertension and Antihypertensive Therapy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In particular, Acebutolol impairs the functions of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are neurotransmitters that mediate the functioning of the heart and the sympathetic nervous system.
• Diabetes: Diagnosis and Treatment The disease is characterized by the pancreas almost not producing its own insulin, which leads to an increase in glucose levels in the blood.
• How to Manage Type 2 Diabetes The article is significant to the current research problem as the researchers concluded that the assessment of metabolic processes in diabetic patients was imperative for adjusting in the management of the condition.
• Type 2 Diabetes Analysis Thus, type 2 diabetes has medical costs, or the difficulties of coping up with the illness, economic ones, which are the financial costs of managing it, and the organizational ones for the healthcare systems.
• Clinical Trial of Diabetes Mellitus On the other hand, type II diabetes mellitus is caused by the failure of the liver and muscle cells to recognize the insulin produced by the pancreatic cells.
• Diabetes: Diagnosis and Related Prevention & Treatment Measures The information presented on the articles offers an insight in the diagnosis of diabetes among various groups of persons and the related preventive and treatment measures. The study identified 3666 cases of initial stages of […]
• Reinforcing Nutrition in Schools to Reduce Diabetes and Childhood Obesity For example, the 2010 report says that the rates of childhood obesity have peaked greatly compared to the previous decades: “Obesity has doubled in Maryland over the past 20 years, and nearly one-third of youth […]
• The Connection Between Diabetes and Consuming Red Meat In light of reporting the findings of this research, the Times Healthland gave a detailed report on the various aspects of this research.
• Synthesizing the Data From Relative Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Speaking of such demographic factors as race, the white population suffers from it in the majority of cases, unlike the rest of the races, the remaining 0.
• Using Exenatide as Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults Kendal et al.analyzed the effects of exenatide as an adjunct to a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea against the combination of the same drugs without the adjunct.
• Enhancing Health Literacy for People With Type 2 Diabetes Two professionals, Andrew Long, a professor in the school of heath care in the University of Leeds, and Tina Gambling, senior lecturer in the school of health care studies from the University of Cardiff, conducted […]
• The Scientific Method of Understanding if Coffee Can Impact Diabetes The hypothesis of the experiment ought to be straightforward and understandable. The control group and the experiment group for the test are then identified.
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Review This is because of the current patterns that show an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in offspring born to mothers with GDM.
• Health Service Management of Diabetes During the task, Fay makes a countless number of short calls and often takes water irrespective of the time of the day or the prevailing weather conditions.
• Necrotizing Fasciitis: Pathophysiology, Role of Diabetes
• The Benefits of Sharing Knowledge About Diabetes With Physicians
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus – NSW, Australia
• Health and Wellness: Stress, Diabetes and Tobacco Related Problems
• 52-Year-Old Female Patient With Type II Diabetes
• Healthy People Project: Personal Review About Diabetes
• Nursing Diagnosis: Type 1 Diabetes & Hypertension
• Nursing Care Development Plan for Diabetes and Hypertension
• Coronary Heart Disease Aggravated by Type 2 Diabetes and Age
• Diabetes as the Scourge of the 21st Century: Locating the Solution
• Psychosocial Implications of Diabetes Management
• Gestational Diabetes in a Pregnant Woman
• Diabetes Mellitus: Prominent Metabolic Disorder
• Holistic Approach to Man’s Health: Diabetes Prevention
• Holistic Image in Prevention of Diabetes
• Educational Strategies for Diabetes to Patients
• Diabetes and Obesity in the United Arab Emirates
• Epidemiological Problem: Diabetes in Illinois
• Diabetes as a Chronic Condition
• Managing Diabetes Through Genetic Engineering
• Diabetes, Functions of Insulin, and Preventive Practices
• Treating of Diabetes in Adults
• Counseling and Education Session in Type II Diabetes
• Diabetes II: Reduction in the Incidence
• Community Health Advocacy Project: Diabetes Among Hispanics
• Community Health Advocacy Project: Hispanics With Diabetes
• Hispanics Are More Susceptible to Diabetes That Non-Hispanics
• Rates Diabetes Between Hispanics Males and Females
• Diabetes Mellitus and HFSON Conceptual Framework
• Prince Georges County Community Health Concern: Diabetes
• Fats and Proteins in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes
• Alcohol Interaction With Medication: Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Management and Evidence-Based Practice
• Critical Analysis of Policy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Australia
• The Treatment and Management of Diabetes
• Obesity and Diabetes: The Enemies Within
• Impact of Diabetes on the United Arab Emirates’ Economy
• Childhood Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
• Health Nursing and Managing Diabetes
• Diabetes Management: How Lifestyle, Daily Routine Affect Blood Sugar
• Diabetes Management: Diagnostics and Treatment
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: The Family Genetic History
• Diabetes Type II: Hormonal Mechanism and Intracellular Effects of Insulin
• Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Causes of Diseases: Type 2 Diabetes
• Supportive Intervention in the Control of Diabetes Mellitus
• Enhancing Foot Care Practices in Patients With Diabetes
• Community Health Promotion: The Fight Against Diabetes in a Community Setting
• Diabetes in Australia and Saudi Arabia
• Diabetes: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Point of Care Testing
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 or Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
• Qualitative Research in Diabetes Management in Elderly Patient
• Diabetes Prevention Measures in the Republic of the Marshall Islands
• Diabetes Mellitus Management in the Elderly
• Impact of Diabetes on Healthcare
• Gestational Diabetes: American Diabetes Association Publishers
• Health Promotion: Diabetes Mellitus and Comorbidities
• Gestational Diabetes: Child Bearing Experience
• Diabetes Mellitus Effects on Periodontal Disease
• Diabetes Type II Disease in the Community
• The Relationship of Type 2 Diabetes and Depression
• Glycemic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
• The Diagnosis of Diabetes in Older Adults and Adolescents
• Physical Activity in Managing Type-2 Diabetes
• High Risk of Developing Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Children With Type 1 Diabetes in Clinical Practice
• Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Analysis
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Revealing the Diagnosis
• The Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Lifestyle Choices
• Indigenous and Torres Strait Population and Diabetes
• Interpretation of the Diabetes Interview Transcript
• Type 1 Diabetes: Using Glucose Monitoring in Treatment
• Managing Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Blood Sugar Prior to and After Surgical Procedures
• Dubai Diabetes… We Care: Leaflet Review
• Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes: Medical Terminology Definition
• Modern Diabetes Treatment Tools
• Diabetes: Encapsulation to Treat a Disease
• Current Dietary for the Treatment of Diabetes
• Diabetes: Discussion of the Disease
• Stranahan on Diabetes Impairs Hippocampal Function
• A Clinical-Based Study of Young Adults Who Have Diabetes
• Panax Ginseng for Diabetes Treatment
• Depression and Diabetes Association in Adults
• Is There Anu Cure For Diabetes?
• Diabetes Type 2 in Children: Causes and Effects
• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Case
• Health, Culture, and Identity as Diabetes Treatment Factors
• Diabetes Prevention in Chinese Elderly in Hunan
• “Experiences of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Starting Insulin Therapy” by Phillips
• Type 2 Diabetes: Nursing Change Project
• Diabetes and Health Promotion Concepts
• Type 2 Diabetes Project Results Dissemination
• Type 2 Diabetes in Geriatric Patients
• Type 2 Diabetes and Geriatric Evidence-Based Care
• Cultural Empowerment. Diabetes in Afro-Americans
• Diabetes Self-Management: Relationships & Expectations
• Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
• Improving Comprehensive Care for Patients With Diabetes
• Diabetes Impact on Cardiovascular and Nervous Systems
• Side Effects of Metformin in Diabetes Treatment
• Type 2 Diabetes and Drug Treatments
• Diabetes Mellitus and Health Determinants
• Nursing Leadership in Diabetes Management
• Diabetes Education for African American Women
• Latent Autoimmune Adult Diabetes
• Obesity: Epidemiology and Health Consequences
• Diabetes in Urban Cities of United States
• Diabetes in Australia: Analysis
• Type 2 Diabetes in the Afro-American Bronx Community
• Type 2 Diabetes From Cultural and Genetic Aspects
• Type 2 Diabetes in Bronx: Evidence-Based Practice
• Type 2 Diabetes in Bronx Project for Social Change
• Cardiovascular Care in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
• Ambition Diabetes and Diet on Macbeths’ Example
• Diabetes as Community Health Issue in the Bronx
• Diabetes Management Plan: Diagnosis and Development
• Diabetes Treatment and Care
• Transition from Pediatric to Adult Diabetes Care
• Diabetes Awareness Program and Strategic Planning
• Diabetes: Disease Control and Investigation
• Diabetes Pain Questionnaire and Patient Feedback
• Perception of Diabetes in the Hispanic Population
• Clinical Studies of Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus and Problems at Work
• Diabetes in the US: Cost Effectiveness Analysis
• Diabetes Investigation in Space Flight Research
• Diabetes Care Advice by Food and Drug Administration
• Artificial Intelligence for Diabetes: Project Experiences
• Chronic Care Model for Diabetes Patients in the UAE
• Diabetes Among British Adults and Children
• Endocrine Disorders: Diabetes and Fibromyalgia
• Future Technologies: Diabetes Treatment and Care
• Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes
• Diabetes: Treatment Technology and Billing
• Pathophysiology of Mellitus and Insipidus Diabetes
• Cure for Diabetes: The Impossible Takes a Little Longer
• Stem Cell Therapy as a Potential Cure for Diabetes
• Stem Cell Therapy and Diabetes Medical Research
• Type II Diabetes Susceptibility and Socioeconomic Status
• Obesity and Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
• Strongyloides Stercoralis Infection and Type 2 Diabetes
• Socioeconomic Status and Susceptibility to Type II Diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus: Differential Diagnosis
• Diabetes Disease in the USA Adults
• Education for African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Treatment and Funding in Fulton County
• Diabetes Care: Leadership and Strategy Plan
• Diabetes Mellitus’ New Treatment: Principles and Process
• Diet and Nutrition: European Diabetes
• Preventing the Proliferation Diabetes
• Diabetes: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
• Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in Medicine
• Ecological Models to Deal with Diabetes in Medicine
• Different Types of Diabetes Found in Different Countries
• Analysis of Program “Prevent Diabetes Live Life Well”
• The Effect of Physical, Social, and Health Variables on Diabetes
• Micro and Macro-Cosmos in Medicine and Care Models for Prevention of Diabetes
• Why Qualitative Method Was Chosen for Diabetes Program Evaluation
• Humanistic Image of Managing Diabetes
• Diabetes mellitus Education and hemoglobin A1C level
• Obesity, Diabetes and Heart Disease
• Illuminate Diabetes Event Design
• Cause and Diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes
• Patient Voices: Type 2 Diabetes. Podcast Review
• Type I Diabetes: Pathogenesis and Treatment
• Human Body Organ Systems Disorders: Diabetes
• Age Influence on Physical Activity: Exercise and Diabetes
• Hemoglobin A1C Test for Diabetes
• Why Injury and Diabetes Have Been Identified as National Health Priority?
• What Factors Are Involved in the Increasing Prevalence of Type II Diabetes in Adolescents?
• Does the Socioeconomic Position Determine the Incidence of Diabetes?
• What Are the Four Types of Diabetes?
• How Fat and Obesity Cause Diabetes?
• How Exercise Affects Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Does the Treatment With Insulin Affect Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Diabetes Does Cause Depression?
• Does Diabetes Prevention Pay For Itself?
• How Does Snap Participation Affect Rates of Diabetes?
• Does Overeating Sugar Cause Diabetes, Cavities, Acne, Hyperactivity and Make You Fat?
• Why Diabetes Mellitus and How It Affects the United States?
• Does Alcohol Decrease the Risk of Diabetes?
• How Does a Person With Diabetes Feel?
• Does Periodontal Inflammation Affect Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence?
• How Can the Paleolithic Diet Control Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Does Insulin Help Diabetes Be Controlled?
• Does Economic Status Matter for the Regional Variation of Malnutrition-Related Diabetes?
• How Can Artificial Intelligence Technology Be Used to Treat Diabetes?
• What Are the Main Causes and Treatments of Diabetes?
• What Evidence Exists for Treatments Depression With Comorbid Diabetes Using Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products?
• Why Was Qualitative Method Chosen for Diabetes Program Evaluation?
• What Are the Three Types of Diabetes?
• How Does Poverty Affect Diabetes?
• What Is the Leading Cause of Diabetes?
• How Is Diabetes Diagnosed?
• What Are the Main Symptoms of Diabetes?
• How Diabetes Adversely Affects Your Body?
• What Are the Most Common Symptoms of Undiagnosed Diabetes?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, February 25). 357 Diabetes Essay Topics & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/diabetes-essay-examples/

"357 Diabetes Essay Topics & Examples." IvyPanda , 25 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/diabetes-essay-examples/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '357 Diabetes Essay Topics & Examples'. 25 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "357 Diabetes Essay Topics & Examples." February 25, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/diabetes-essay-examples/.

1. IvyPanda . "357 Diabetes Essay Topics & Examples." February 25, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/diabetes-essay-examples/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "357 Diabetes Essay Topics & Examples." February 25, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/diabetes-essay-examples/.

• Disease Questions
• Health Promotion Research Topics
• Metabolism Research Topics
• Healthcare Questions
• Obesity Ideas
• Heart Failure Titles
• Childhood Obesity Research Ideas
• Epigenetics Essay Titles
• Alcohol Abuse Paper Topics
• Pathogenesis Research Ideas
• Therapeutics Research Ideas
• Hypertension Topics
• Osteoarthritis Ideas
• Cardiomyopathy Titles
• Malnutrition Titles

• Open access
• Published: 10 March 2022

The impact of nursing staff education on diabetes inpatient glucose management: a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

• Milan K. Piya 1 , 2 ,
• Therese Fletcher 1 , 2 ,
• Kyaw P. Myint 1 ,
• Reetu Zarora 1 ,
• Dahai Yu 3 &
• David Simmons 1 , 2  

BMC Endocrine Disorders volume  22 , Article number:  61 ( 2022 ) Cite this article

6924 Accesses

5 Citations

Metrics details

An increasing number of patients in hospital have diabetes, with most of them cared for by non-specialist staff. The effect of diabetes education for staff on patient outcomes, as well as the most effective method of staff education is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare diabetes outcomes in medical wards where nursing staff were offered one face-to-face (F2F) session followed by access to online education (online), F2F education only, or standard care (control).

We conducted a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial involving 16-weeks baseline/rollout followed by a 28-week post-intervention period across three medical wards (clusters) in a Sydney Teaching Hospital. The online ward provided an online competency-based diabetes education program and 1-h F2F teaching from a diabetes nurse educator (DNE), the F2F ward provided four separate 1-h teaching sessions by a DNE, with no additional sessions in the control ward. The primary outcome was length of stay (LOS); secondary outcomes included good diabetes days (GDD), hypoglycaemia and medication errors. Poisson and binary logistic regression were used to compare clusters.

Staff attendance/completion of ≥ 2 topics was greater with online than F2F education [39/48 (81%) vs 10/33 (30%); p  < 0.001]. Among the 827/881 patients, there was no difference in LOS change between online [Median(IQR) 5(2–8) to 4(2–7) days], F2F [7(4–14) to 5(3–13) days] or control wards [5(3–9) to 5(3–7) days]. GDD improved only in the online ward 4.7(2.7–7.0) to 6.0(2.3–7.0) days; p  = 0.038. Total patients with hypoglycaemia and appropriately treated hypoglycaemia increased in the online ward.

Conclusions

The inclusion of online education increased diabetes training uptake among nursing staff. GDD and appropriate hypoglycaemia management increased in the online education wards.

Trial registration

Prospectively registered on the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) on 24/05/2017: ACTRN12617000762358 .

Peer Review reports

Introduction

The increasing prevalence of diabetes places a huge burden on health systems, with one in every 4 or 5 patients in hospital having diabetes [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. People with diabetes have higher mortality, hospital readmission as well as complications including hypoglycaemia and infections [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The resulting increased length of hospital stay has both financial as well as hospital capacity implications [ 6 , 7 ]. Although studies have shown a reduced hospital readmission rate and hospitalisation cost when patients are looked after by a specialist inpatient diabetes team rather than the primary service team that includes ward-based nurses [ 8 ], the increase in number of inpatients with diabetes means that the majority of care provided to people with diabetes in hospital is not provided by diabetes specialist staff, making diabetes education for non-specialist nursing staff a priority [ 9 ]. Errors in medication, in particular insulin, can result in poor diabetes control in hospital including hypoglycaemia [ 1 , 3 , 10 ]. One previous way of measuring diabetes management in hospital has been with the use of good diabetes days (GDD) based on the (NaDIA, UK) definition [ 1 ], where a GDD was a day where there were no hypos and one or less episodes of hyperglycaemia.

However, healthcare practitioners face difficulty in accessing face to face education due to understaffing, workplace demands, personal commitments, expense and variation in individual learning needs [ 11 ]. Previous studies have shown a low confidence in diabetes management among healthcare professionals in hospital including junior doctors, nursing staff and pharmacists [ 12 ]. Attendance at traditional face to face continuing professional development (CPD) programs does have advantages but usually involve days away from clinical duties, and often involve travel and additional cost [ 13 ]. For time poor busy health professionals, particularly ward nursing staff, online programs are appealing and offer similar positive effect on learning compared to traditional face to face learning programs [ 14 ]. A range of hospital ward staff education approaches are available both face to face and online [ 15 ], but none have been rigorously evaluated in randomised controlled trials.

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate uptake of an online competency-based program among ward-based nursing staff, followed by a comparison of reach and clinical outcomes in a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial.

Subjects, methods and materials

Formative evaluation.

The online competency based program used was an Australian [ 16 ] adaptation of the Cambridge Diabetes Education Program (CDEP), itself underpinned by the UK national diabetes competencies frameworks [ 9 ]. The program contains multiple choice questions, linkages to national and international learning resources, and level progression through 100% mastery. The program was made available to all staff on a single medical ward in a 306-bed tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia in 2016, which was a different ward to the three wards in the cluster randomised trial, but was similar in terms of nursing staff numbers and nurse to patient ratios on the ward. Staff were invited by email and information sessions to voluntarily undertake two online modules (Suppl table 1 ): “ What is Diabetes” and “ Managing Diabetes in Hospital” over a 6-week period. Following each module, an embedded evaluation score graded 1–5 (1 = much worse, 2 = worse, 3 = same, 4 = better, 5 = much better) was completed regarding increase in overall competency in diabetes patient care, increase in overall confidence with managing patients with diabetes, and an increase in familiarity with diabetes guidelines in relation to managing patients with diabetes. Formative evaluation included three focus groups among participants undertaking the online modules which were recorded, transcribed verbatim and de-identified. Thematic analysis was used to identify and group themes [ 17 ].

While no formative evaluation was conducted for the F2F teaching ward, feedback was taken into account from previous F2F teaching sessions on the wards and discussions with the nurse unit manager. Based on this feedback, the F2F teaching was arranged to be conducted on the ward itself rather than a lecture theatre, and the time of the session was chosen by the nurse unit manager to allow for the maximum number of nursing staff to be available to attend the session.

Pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (CRCT)—study design and intervention

This was a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (CRCT) (ACTRN12617000762358) on three medical wards in the same hospital in Sydney, Australia. Each medical ward was a cluster, and randomised to receive either (1) one hour of protected time on three occasions with access to complete online education modules followed up by 1-h of face to face education for a total of four hours (online), (2) face-to-face (F2F) education for four 1-h sessions with protected time for a total of four hours, or (3) staff diabetes education as usual (control) (Fig.  1 ). Randomisation was undertaken through a sealed envelope delivered through an independent person. All investigators except TF were blinded to the allocation until after analyses were completed. Each ward included 26–30 beds, with 33–48 nurses. From June 2017, as shown in Fig.  1 , baseline data was collected over three weeks and the three-month roll out period when education was delivered/made available. Post-intervention data were collected for the subsequent six months. Ethics approval was granted by the South Western Sydney Local Health District HREC (formative evaluation: LNR/16/LPOOL/503; CRCT: HE17/047).

Study timeline and interventions on the three randomised wards

Participants and data collection

A daily census was conducted of all inpatients with pre-existing diabetes on the three wards. Length of stay was calculated post-discharge, and electronic medical records were reviewed by a blinded researcher using a pre-specified audit form, based on the National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (NaDIA, UK) [ 1 ]. Glucose data, hypo and hyperglycaemia episodes and medication errors were extracted from paper charts, with confirmation from patient notes. Diabetes medication errors included wrong medication charted or given; prescription not signed for, wrong dose charted or given, correct medication or dose not charted, correct medication charted but at the wrong time, as well as charted medication not give at the appropriate time. If patients moved between wards, patient data were analysed by the ward where they were first identified by the daily census.

Intervention

Nursing staff on the online ward were given access to the online modules with advice to complete at least two modules in three hours of protected time in an office with a computer away from the clinical environment, during work hours, as shown in Fig.  1 . This was followed by one face to face session on The Role of Nursing in the Continuum of Inpatient Diabetes Care developed by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), at the end of the rollout phase. Staff had ongoing access to the online modules. On the F2F ward, nursing staff were provided with three separate one-hour face to face sessions over three months, developed by the National Association of Diabetes Centres (NADC, Australia), plus the hour long AACE session identical to the online ward. The control ward had no scheduled diabetes education sessions in the intervention period.

The primary outcome measure was the difference between wards in the change in length of stay. Secondary outcomes are shown in Fig. 1 including good diabetes days (GDD) based on the (NaDIA, UK) definition [ 1 ], where a GDD was a day where there were no hypos and one or less episodes of hyperglycaemia. Hypos were defined as documented capillary glucose ≤ 4.0 mmol/L, severe hypos as documented capillary glucose ≤ 3.0 mmol/L and hyperglycaemia as ≥ 11.0 mmol/L. GDD was adjusted to a standardised 7-day admission, so that the outcome was measured as GDD per week. For admissions less than 7 days, GDD = (number of good diabetes days/LOS) *7.

Statistical analysis

As a pilot study, no power calculations were undertaken and the duration of the study (and ergo the sample size of 400) was defined pragmatically. We predicted that it would take three months to undertake the study but roll out was delayed for administrative reasons, so this actually took 6 months. An intention to treat (ITT) analysis of the inpatient data was undertaken by a blinded statistician in the UK (DY). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to detect differences in baseline characteristics between clusters (wards) and between the baseline/rollout and intervention period. Poisson regression and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the change in primary and secondary outcomes including of lengths of stay (LOS) and good diabetes days, adjusting for clustering and baseline differences. STATA MP15.1 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) was used for all analyses. Tests are 2-tailed and P  < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Before the CRCT, formative evaluation was undertaken on a separate ward that was similar in nursing staff numbers and patient bed numbers, to ensure acceptability of the online program. Overall, 18/33 ward nursing staff registered for the online program, of whom nine completed two topics, one completed one topic and eight nurses started but did not complete any topics. Thirteen ward staff members voluntarily participated in three focus groups convened between 13 December 2016 and 2 February 2017, lasting between 27–32 min. Four themes emerged in the formative evaluation as shown in Supplementary Table 1 (see Supplementary Table 2 for quotes):

Perceptions and Experience

Functionality of program/webpage

Contextual and Clinical Relevance

Perceived Access: Barriers and Facilitators

Staff self-reported an increase in overall competency in diabetes patient care mean score of 4.4/5, an increase in overall confidence with managing patients with diabetes mean score of 4.3/5, and an increase in familiarity with diabetes guidelines in relation to managing patients with diabetes mean score of 4.3/5. Adjustments to the program were made following the formative evaluation (Suppl table 1 ).

Pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

Uptake of diabetes education was greater on the online ward compared to the F2F ward; 90% ( n  = 43/48) nurses completed one diabetes topic compared to 45% ( n  = 15/33) on the F2F ward ( p  < 0.01). Two diabetes topics were completed by 81% ( n  = 39/48) on the online ward compared to 30% ( n  = 10/33) on the F2F ward ( p  < 0.001). Of the 43 nurses completing at least one topic in the online ward, only nine (19%) attended the face to face teaching session on that ward.

Embedded online evaluation survey—CRCT participants

Staff from the online ward self-reported an increase in overall competency in diabetes patient care- mean score of 4.1/5, an increase in overall confidence with managing patients with diabetes- mean score of 4.0/5, and an increase in familiarity with diabetes guidelines in relation to managing patients with diabetes- mean score of 4.0/5.

Baseline patient data

Of the 881 eligible patients, 827 were included in the trial as shown in the Consort diagram (Fig.  2 ). The overall mean age of patients in the CRCT wards was 69 ± 12.4 years, with 46.1% female, and 73.3% of European descent. (Other population groups included 3% Aboriginal, 8.2% Pacific Islanders, 6.2% Asians, 9.3% others). Over 85% of the patients had T2DM, most were emergency admissions, and a quarter of patients were using insulin on admission. Table 1 shows no significant difference in characteristics between wards at baseline, or between baseline/rollout vs post-intervention period apart from during the post-intervention phase on the online ward where there was a change in mix of elective admissions and transfers ( p  = 0.01), less diet/more medication treated patients ( p  = 0.012), more hyperglycaemia ( p  < 0.001) and more patients with macrovascular disease ( p  < 0.001). The F2F ward had less patients admitted for a diabetes related reason in the post-intervention period ( p  = 0.044).

Consort Diagram

Outcomes for the CRCT

Table 2 shows no differences in hospital length of stay. The online ward, but not the F2F or control wards showed increased number of good diabetes days (GDD) from median (IQR) 4.7 (2.7–7.0) at baseline/rollout to 6.0 (2.3–7.0) in the post-intervention phase ( p  = 0.04), along with increased hypos treated appropriately by ward staff (80% vs 85%, p  = 0.026) and total hypos (10% vs 16%, p  = 0.043), while severe hypos was borderline significant (3% vs 6%, p  = 0.05). In the control ward alone, there was a reduction of the proportion of hypos being appropriately treated by ward staff from 88 to 68% in the post-intervention phase ( p  = 0.028), and an increase in the number of total medication errors in the control ward from 9 to 20% ( p  = 0.0028).

This pilot study is the first randomised trial to evaluate the impact of non-specialist nursing staff education on patient outcomes, and directly compare uptake of online learning with traditional F2F education. The study demonstrated a significantly greater uptake of online learning compared to F2F learning, accompanied by a self-reported improvement in confidence and competency in diabetes patient care as well as an increased familiarity with diabetes guidelines. The primary outcome of the pilot CRCT of length of stay did not differ between the wards. However, there was an increase in the number of GDD/week in the online ward only.

Computer based and online learning tools for staff education have been in place for a number of years, with increasing accessibility with smart phones and handheld devices [ 13 ]. Studies have shown an improvement in healthcare professional confidence in managing diabetes with face to face education in hospital [ 12 , 18 , 19 ]. While online learning complemented by face to face education (blended online learning) has been shown in a recent meta-analysis to demonstrate consistently better effects on knowledge outcomes compared to traditional learning in health education [ 20 ], this has not been shown in studies in diabetes. However, the advantage of being able to complete online CPD modules at a time and place convenient to you does have advantages, but also means that staff need the motivation and time to complete these modules.

In this study, the face to face sessions were conducted on the study ward at a time agreed with the ward nurse unit manager to make it easily accessible for staff to attend. In spite of this ease of access, staff not being on shift on the specified days and some staff not being able to attend the sessions due to clinical needs on the wards meant the attendance rate for the four education sessions was < 50%. This is in contrast to the 90% completion of one module and 81% completion of two modules in the online ward. Even in the online ward, < 20% attended the single face to face teaching session provided. Formative thematic analysis showed that main themes as seen in Suppl Table 1  and 2  include perceptions and experience, functionality of program, contextual and clinical relevance and perceived access barriers and facilitators. This was used to help modify the online delivery of the modules, and also the addition of a face to face component to make it blended online learning, as well as agreement to allow protected time at work. These themes on barriers are similar to those in a recent qualitative evaluation of nursing teams on using iPad delivered diabetes education, where the four themes that emerged were educational program and content, platform usability, tablet feasibility and workflow considerations [ 21 ]. Addressing these themes in the pilot phase formative evaluation before rollout of the Pilot CRCT may have helped completion rates and uptake. Also, with all the staff on the ward asked to complete the modules, there was opportunity for peer learning and support to encourage each other to complete these modules and improve the care of patients with diabetes.

Length of stay (LOS) was the primary outcome of the study but this was not affected by staff education in this study. This may not have been too surprising as LOS is affected by a multitude of factors beyond diabetes such as acuity of the co-morbidity, social circumstances, availability of the destination and overall efficiency of the inpatient care [ 22 ]. Hence, while a whole systems approach to managing inpatient diabetes, the Diabetes Inpatient Care and Education (DICE) initiative did reduce length of stay in people with diabetes [ 23 ], a randomised study in Australia with an early diabetes team intervention did not show changes in length of stay [ 4 ]. Interestingly, that study also showed a reduction in adverse glycaemic days (capillary glucose ≤ 4.0 mmol/L or ≥ 15.0 mmol/L) in the post-intervention phase.

On the other hand, good diabetes days/week (GDD/week) is a direct measure of diabetes control in hospital and has been used to describe glycaemic control in hospital in the UK National Diabetes Inpatient Audit [ 1 ]. With over 800 patients in this CRCT, the improvement in GDD/week in the online ward, but not the F2F ward or control ward suggests that an increased uptake and completion rate of competency-based diabetes education by nursing staff can improve glycaemic control in hospital. Previous studies have suggested an increased risk of infections in people with diabetes admitted to hospital [ 4 ], and improved glycaemic control in hospital has the potential to reduce this, although this was not measured in this study. It was interesting to find that in spite of an increase in the number of GDD/week, there was a statistically significant increase in hypos and severe hypos in the online ward between the baseline/rollout phase and post-intervention phase. These actual numbers were relatively small and the post-intervention percentages seemed to be closer to the values in the other wards for both durations and comparable to the UK National Diabetes Inpatient Audit data that showed 18.4% of patients had an episode of hypo in the previous 7 days [ 1 ]. It is known that hypoglycaemia in hospital can be asymptomatic and often goes undetected [ 24 , 25 ]. One potential explanation for the increase in hypos detected in this study could be that the nursing staff were involved in increased vigilance, testing and documentation in the online ward that led to increased testing and detection of hypos, severe hypos and hyperglycaemia, whereas some of the patients developing hypo symptoms were given food or hypo corrections without testing or documenting the capillary blood glucose level.

Hypos are a major problem in people with diabetes in hospital and have been linked to greater length of stay in hospital as well as in-hospital mortality [ 5 , 26 ]. However, in this study, length of stay did not seem to be affected by the increase in hypos on the online ward. However, of the hypos treated, there was an increase in the number of hypos treated appropriately in the online ward, which was encouraging and this is probably a direct effect of the online learning of nursing staff who are critical in the recognition, documentation and management of hypoglycaemia on the ward [ 27 ]. Worryingly, there was a reduction in the number of hypos treated appropriately in the control ward. This was also accompanied by an increase in medication errors in the control ward only, which in addition to errors in prescription included inappropriate omissions or delays in administering medications including insulin. While these results are surprising and unexpected, this may be a result of nursing staff being less engaged in diabetes care compared to the other wards due to not being offered any diabetes education. Many hospitals have come up with functionalities on both electronic and paper-based insulin prescription systems to reduce errors, but approaches, terminology and outcome measures have not been standardised as shown in a recent systematic review, which makes it difficult to compare the various interventions [ 28 ].

One of the ways to improve diabetes care in hospital has been use of technology including networked blood glucose meters with a dashboard or the use of Flash Glucose continuous glucose monitoring systems [ 29 ]. The use of Flash Glucose found a greater use during the Covid-19 pandemic where staff did not have to perform capillary blood glucose readings [ 30 ]. There is also potential for closed loop insulin delivery systems being used in hospital in the near future, which reduces the potential for human error [ 31 ]. However, this would still need ward staff to support patients and help them. If anything, this technology could identify which wards or staff needed education. The extent of the increase in uptake in staff education in this study through the additional access to online learning, and the associated improved GDD and hypo management, suggests the importance of such educational programs when social distancing limits the capacity to provide or attend face to face education sessions.

The lack of difference in medication errors in the online or F2F wards may be linked to the fact that the education was limited to nursing staff and not medical staff, who are the ones prescribing the medications including insulin. The fact that medical doctors and teams cover more than one ward, especially when providing out of hours cover, made it too difficult to randomise them into groups in this study. The lack of difference in LOS in the same way, may be because often the decision to discharge is led by the medical team.

The strengths of this study are that this is the first RCT assessing the effect of nursing staff education on patient outcomes with such a large number of patients over 6 months. The RCT was implemented robustly, with unbiased randomisation, blinding of the investigators and of the statistician. Also, the online learning modules were modified following formative evaluation from staff, before the CRCT. The main limitations of this study are that the baseline planned phase of 2 weeks had to be extended to 3 weeks’ baseline and 13 weeks’ rollout phase to allow more time for both the face to face education sessions to be organized for the ward nursing staff, as well as more protected time to be allowed for the online ward-based nursing staff. This delay in implementation is perhaps a sign that nursing education, whether it be online or face to face, was a low priority even in this CRCT setting. Another limitation is that we did not have the demographic data for the nursing staff involved in the study. However, the wards were chosen for the study as they were all medical wards of a similar size with a similar number of nursing staff and patient beds, and they were randomised after the start of the trial. We were also unable to include patient reported outcomes or patient satisfaction data from these wards.

In conclusion, the addition of access to online learning as well as face to face to education, significantly increased uptake of diabetes education among hospital non-specialist nursing staff. Although length of stay was not reduced, glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia treatment were improved. The findings of this pilot study suggest that there would likely be further benefits if online learning was rolled out to include medical staff, which, with social distancing and meeting restrictions amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, may offer a better alternative to traditional methods of diabetes education. Further randomised clinical trials to confirm these findings are required.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available as they include patient clinical data in the hospital, but some of the data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

NHS-Digital: National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (NADIA) Report 2017. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-andinformation/publications/statistical/national-diabetes-inpatient-audit/national-diabetes-inpatient-audit-nadia-2017

Bach LA, Ekinci EI, Engler D, Gilfillan C, Hamblin PS, MacIsaac RJ, Soldatos G, Steele C, Ward GM, Wyatt S. The high burden of inpatient diabetes mellitus: the Melbourne public hospitals diabetes inpatient audit. Med J Aust. 2014;201(6):334–8.

Article   Google Scholar  

Donovan P, Eccles-Smith J, Hinton N, Cutmore C, Porter K, Abel J, Allam L, Dermedgoglou A, Puri G. The Queensland Inpatient Diabetes Survey (QuIDS) 2019: the bedside audit of practice. Med J Aust. 2021;215(3):119–24.

Kyi M, Colman PG, Wraight PR, Reid J, Gorelik A, Galligan A, Kumar S, Rowan LM, Marley KA, Nankervis AJ, et al. Early intervention for diabetes in medical and surgical inpatients decreases hyperglycemia and hospital-acquired infections: a cluster randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(5):832–40.

CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Lake A, Arthur A, Byrne C, Davenport K, Yamamoto JM, Murphy HR. The effect of hypoglycaemia during hospital admission on health-related outcomes for people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2019;36(11):1349–59.

Article   CAS   Google Scholar  

Simmons D, Wenzel H. Diabetes inpatients: a case of lose, lose, lose. Is it time to use a ‘diabetes-attributable hospitalization cost’ to assess the impact of diabetes? Diabet Med. 2011;28(9):1123–30.

Comino EJ, Harris MF, Islam MD, Tran DT, Jalaludin B, Jorm L, Flack J, Haas M. Impact of diabetes on hospital admission and length of stay among a general population aged 45 year or more: a record linkage study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:12.

Bansal V, Mottalib A, Pawar TK, Abbasakoor N, Chuang E, Chaudhry A, Sakr M, Gabbay RA, Hamdy O. Inpatient diabetes management by specialized diabetes team versus primary service team in non-critical care units: impact on 30-day readmission rate and hospital cost. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2018;6(1):e000460.

Simmons D, Deakin T, Walsh N, Turner B, Lawrence S, Priest L, George S, Vanterpool G, McArdle J, Rylance A, et al. Diabetes UK position statement competency frameworks in diabetes. Diabet Med. 2015;32(5):576–84.

Cousins D, Rosario C, Scarpello J. Insulin, hospitals and harm: a review of patient safety incidents reported to the national patient safety agency. Clin Med (Lond). 2011;11(1):28–30.

Coventry TH, Maslin-Prothero SE, Smith G. Organizational impact of nurse supply and workload on nurses continuing professional development opportunities: an integrative review. J Adv Nurs. 2015;71(12):2715–27.

Herring R, Pengilley C, Hopkins H, Tuthill B, Patel N, Nelson C, Currie A, Russell-Jones DL. Can an interprofessional education tool improve healthcare professional confidence, knowledge and quality of inpatient diabetes care: a pilot study? Diabet Med. 2013;30(7):864–70.

Zand A, Ibrahim K, Sadhu AR. Innovations in professional inpatient diabetes education. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(12):147.

Cook DA, Levinson AJ, Garside S, Dupras DM, Erwin PJ, Montori VM. Internet-based learning in the health professions: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300(10):1181–96.

Inpatient Management of Diabetes Elearning Modules [ https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/networks/diabetes-taskforce/inpatient-management-of-diabetes-mellitus ]

Fletcher T, Ward C, Davenport K, Smedley P, Simmons D. Introduction of an online diabetes education programme to hospital clinicians: Cambridge Diabetes Education Programme-Australia (AusCDEP). Diabet Med. 2018;35:S1.

Google Scholar  

Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.

Taylor CG, Morris C, Rayman G. An interactive 1-h educational programme for junior doctors, increases their confidence and improves inpatient diabetes care. Diabet Med. 2012;29(12):1574–8.

Vaidya A, Hurwitz S, Yialamas M, Min L, Garg R. Improving the management of diabetes in hospitalized patients: the results of a computer-based house staff training program. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012;14(7):610–8.

Vallee A, Blacher J, Cariou A, Sorbets E. Blended learning compared to traditional learning in medical education: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(8):e16504.

Smith KM, Baker KM, Bardsley JK, McCartney P, Magee M. Redesigning hospital diabetes education: a qualitative evaluation with nursing teams. J Nurs Care Qual. 2019;34(2):151–7.

Sarkies MN, Bowles KA, Skinner EH, Mitchell D, Haas R, Ho M, Salter K, May K, Markham D, O’Brien L, et al. Data collection methods in health services research: hospital length of stay and discharge destination. Appl Clin Inform. 2015;6(1):96–109.

Akiboye F, Adderley NJ, Martin J, Gokhale K, Rudge GM, Marshall TP, Rajendran R, Nirantharakumar K, Rayman G, team D. Impact of the Diabetes Inpatient Care and Education (DICE) project on length of stay and mortality. Diabet Med. 2019;37(2):277.

Cardona S, Gomez PC, Vellanki P, Anzola I, Ramos C, Urrutia MA, Haw JS, Fayfman M, Wang H, Galindo RJ, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2018;6(1):e000607.

Galindo RJ, Migdal AL, Davis GM, Urrutia MA, Albury B, Zambrano C, Vellanki P, Pasquel FJ, Fayfman M, Peng L, et al. Comparison of the freestyle libre pro flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system and point-of-care capillary glucose testing in hospitalized patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with basal-bolus insulin regimen. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(11):2730–5.

Ruan Y, Tan GD, Lumb A, Rea RD. Importance of inpatient hypoglycaemia: impact, prediction and prevention. Diabet Med. 2019;36(4):434–43.

Anthony M. Hypoglycemia in hospitalized adults. Medsurg Nurs. 2008;17(1):31–4, 40.

PubMed   Google Scholar  

Bain A, Hasan SS, Babar ZU. Interventions to improve insulin prescribing practice for people with diabetes in hospital: a systematic review. Diabet Med. 2019;36(8):948–60.

Fortmann AL, Spierling Bagsic SR, Talavera L, Garcia IM, Sandoval H, Hottinger A, Philis-Tsimikas A. Glucose as the fifth vital sign: a randomized controlled trial of continuous glucose monitoring in a Non-ICU hospital setting. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(11):2873–7.

Ehrhardt N, Hirsch IB. The impact of COVID-19 on CGM use in the hospital. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(11):2628–30.

Thabit H, Hartnell S, Allen JM, Lake A, Wilinska ME, Ruan Y, Evans ML, Coll AP, Hovorka R. Closed-loop insulin delivery in inpatients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, parallel-group trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(2):117–24.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the patients and staff working on the three wards involved in this trial, especially Karen Kenmir, Patricia Mason, Sharon Edwards and Donna Lynn. The authors would also like to thank the Macarthur Diabetes Team, especially Daisy Yogendran who provided the face to face diabetes education sessions alongside TF. The authors would also like to acknowledge the technical support for the online modules by Paul Smedley from Hertsmedia, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK as well as Candice Ward and Katy Davenport from Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK, for their contributions.

This trial was funded by South Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia through its Academic Unit funding.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia

Milan K. Piya, Therese Fletcher, Kyaw P. Myint, Reetu Zarora & David Simmons

Macarthur Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia

Milan K. Piya, Therese Fletcher & David Simmons

Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

DS conceived the study and DS and TF wrote the initial the research proposal. RZ and KPM collected clinical data. DY performed the statistical analysis. MKP and TF wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. RZ and DS reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript. DS is the guarantor of the data.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Milan K. Piya .

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate.

This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was granted by the South Western Sydney Local Health District HREC (formative evaluation: LNR/16/LPOOL/503; CRCT: HE17/047). As part of this approval, a waiver of individual participant consent was approved by the ethics committee. Instead, the ethics committee asked that written informed consent was provided by the cluster guardian (Nurse Unit Manager) for each ward.

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Competing interests

DS is one of the founders and developers of the Cambridge Diabetes Education Program but receives no financial benefit from the products which are the property of Cambridge University Hospitals. Other authors declare no competing interests. This trial used an Australian adaptation of the Cambridge Diabetes Education Program.

Additional information

Publisher’s note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Additional file 1., rights and permissions.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Piya, M.K., Fletcher, T., Myint, K.P. et al. The impact of nursing staff education on diabetes inpatient glucose management: a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Endocr Disord 22 , 61 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-00975-y

Download citation

Received : 01 September 2021

Accepted : 01 March 2022

Published : 10 March 2022

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-00975-y

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• HCP education
• Online learning
• Inpatient diabetes
• Healthcare delivery
• Hypoglycaemia

BMC Endocrine Disorders

ISSN: 1472-6823

• General enquiries: [email protected]

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

The nursing effect of individualized management on patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension.

• 1 Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
• 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
• 3 Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
• 4 Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

It focused on clinical effects of individualized nursing and health education (INHE) on patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and hypertension. 68 patients were randomly rolled into two groups, 34 cases in the control group (group A) received routine nursing and remaining 34 cases in the experimental group (group B) received INHE. The disease knowledge mastery (DKM) and the effect of rehabilitation nursing of patients were compared. The results suggested that DKM of patients in group B was obviously greater ( P < 0.05). The total effective rate (TER) in group B was 91.45%, which was observably greater than that (76.35%) in group A ( P < 0.05). After nursing, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2h PG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels of all patients decreased, and those in group B were much lower ( P < 0.05). Scores of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) of the two groups were 56.34 ± 8.12 points and 56.33 ± 8.01 points in group A, respectively; and those in group B were 42.52 ± 6.77 points and 41.71 ± 7.23 points, respectively; and they were all decreased and those in the group B were obviously smaller ( P < 0.05). In summary, INHE can effectively improve the psychological cognition of patients with T2DM and hypertension and strengthen the control of blood pressure and blood sugar.

Introduction

As the rapid growth of the world economy and people’s living standards, the dietary structure is changing greatly day by day, and factors such as faster and faster pace of life and lack of exercise have increased the incidence and prevalence of diabetes ( 1 ). Diabetes is a public health issue of general concern around the world. It is a lifelong chronic disease that can affect multiple organs; it is the third most common, frequently-occurring, and chronic non-communicable disease after cerebrovascular disease and tumors; and it poses a serious threat to human health ( 2 ). Statistics show that there are about 347 million patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) in the world so far, and its prevalence in low-income countries is more serious ( 3 ). Statistics from the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) Diabetes Association in 2007 showed that the prevalence of the disease in men and women over 20 years old in China is 10.6% and 8.8%, respectively, and the total prevalence is 9.7%. Based on this estimate, the total number of diabetic patients in China is currently around 92.4 million, and there are 14.82 million patients in the pre-diabetes stage (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) > 6.1 mmol/L, or 2-hour postprandial glucose (2h PG) > 7.8 mmol/L, but they have not yet reached the diagnosis criteria of diabetes). It accounts for nearly 10% and 15% of the total population, which is 4 times the statistical data in 1994 and twice the statistical data in 2001 ( 4 , 5 ).

T2DM is an endocrine disease, which is very common clinically. It is characterized by high blood sugar, and it is closely related to factors such as weight (obesity) and genetics. In addition, the clinical manifestations are relatively mild at the initial stage of the illness. After the disease worsens, the symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and weight loss will occur, which greatly affect the patient’s quality of life ( 6 ). Nowadays, evidence-based medicine and clinical studies have shown that prevalence of hypertension in T2DM patients is much greater than that of those without diabetes. In clinical hypertension, it is a very common complication of diabetic patients ( 7 ). A report from World Health Organization (WHO) showed that the prevalence of concurrent hypertension in diabetic patients is 20 - 40%, which is about 40 - 50% in China. A surgery from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) found that 71% of 1500 diabetic patients have hypertension at the same time, and the incidence of concurrent hypertension in diabetic patients is 1.5 - 3.0 times that of patients without diabetes. On the contrary, hypertension patients are more likely to develop diabetes than patients with normal blood pressure, and the incidence of diabetes is 2.0 - 2.5 times that of the normal blood pressure group ( 8 , 9 ). Through epidemiological investigations, it is found that nearly 40% of T2DM patients will have hypertension, and 5% - 10% of primary hypertension may suffer from T2DM ( 10 ). These data suggest that T2DM is inseparable from hypertension. The prevention and treatment of diabetes complicated by hypertension has to be solved urgently, so as to improve people’s quality of life and health.

Incidence of hypertension in T2DM patients is increasing, and the patient’s condition will become worse when comorbidities occur. If the symptomatic treatment is not timely, it will cause anxiety and depression symptoms of the patient, and cause damage to the eyes, nerves, heart, and other parts of the patient. What is more, serious comorbidities such as kidney failure, myocardium, and cerebral infarction will occur ( 11 , 12 ). At the same time, the symptoms of anxiety and depression will in turn affect the patient’s blood sugar and blood pressure control, making the symptoms of anxiety and depression more serious, and then forming a vicious circle. T2DM patients with hypertension have a very obvious curative effect in terms of drug treatment. However, symptoms such as anxiety and depression will seriously affect the occurrence and development of the disease ( 13 ).

In the past few years, the general nursing mode such as monitoring the patient’s blood sugar and blood pressure has been mostly used. However, because most diabetic patients are accompanied by hypertension and are prone to some cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, this nursing mode is not effective. Therefore, while actively treating patients, it is particularly important to use a scientific nursing model. The INHE, through scientific guidance on patients’ lifestyle and medication habits, improves the quality of life of patients. For example, it can correct the bad habits of the patient’s diet and ensure a balanced intake of nutrients, so as to effectively control the weight gain, so that the incidence of diabetes is greatly reduced. It can guide patients to carry out reasonable and effective aerobic exercise, help expand the peripheral blood vessels of the body, and reduce peripheral resistance, thereby reducing the occurrence and development of hypertension. There are relatively many clinical studies on the individualized care model or health education for patients with diabetes and hypertension, but relatively few studies on the combination of the two methods ( 14 , 15 ). Therefore, it explored the clinical effect of the combination of INHE on patients with T2DM and hypertension in this work.

Research Materials and Methods

General data of included patients.

68 patients with T2DM complicated with hypertension admitted to the Endocrinology Department of our Hospital from March 2018 to February 2020 were rolled into a group B and a group A using the random number table method. 34 cases in the control group (group A) received routine nursing and remaining 34 cases in the experimental group (group B) received INHE. Patients included had to meet the following criteria. First, patients suffered from the symptoms in line with the diagnostic criteria for diabetes defined by World Health Organization (WHO) and complied with the diagnostic criteria for hypertension defined by the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in China. Second, the age of the patient was between 34 and 78 years old, and the course of the disease was 3 to 20 years. Third, the measured FPG was ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, the measured 2h PG was ≥ 11.1 mmol/L, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was ≥ 140 mmHg, and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was ≥ 90 mmHg. If following items can be meet, the patients had to be excluded from this study: patients with severe functional disorders of any organ; patients with cancer or secondary diabetes; patients with hearing and speech impairment and dementia; and patients being unable to cooperate and accept the treatment. The general conditions of patients were shown in Table 1 .

Table 1 General data of patients.

No statistically obvious difference was found between the two groups of patients in gender, age, course of disease, and other data ( P > 0.05). The patients and their families in this study had fully understood the situation and signed the informed consent forms. The medical ethics committee of the hospital had known and agreed to implement it.

Methods of Individualized Management

Patients in group A underwent routine nursing, which referred to routine (admission and diet) guidance, disease introduction, regular monitoring of patients’ FPG and 2h PG levels, and changes in blood pressure. It should monitor the blood sugar and blood pressure control situation of patients, arrange medication plan accordingly, and guide the patient to use medication rationally. Patients in the group B were given INHE on the basis of treatment ways in the group A. The detailed methods were as follows:

The health education was implemented as follows. After the patient was admitted to the hospital, a specific person would be arranged to carry out admission publicity and education to the patient and his family with a kind attitude to tell the patient and his family about the disease-related knowledge, preventive measures, medication plan, emergency management, drug effects and adverse reactions, and exercise plan during the rehabilitation period. The person should give timely and effective responses to patients’ doubts, and regularly distribute materials and play videos to explain relevant knowledge. It should strengthen the awareness of diabetes and confidence in treatment through visits and questionnaire surveys. In this way, it aimed to build a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients and allow patients to actively cooperate with treatment.

The individualized care model was implemented as follows.

First, after the patient was admitted to the hospital, the nurses carefully told the patient and their family about the ward’s environmental equipment, the doctor in charge, and the nurse with a kind attitude, give them more care and nursing, eliminate their bad mood, and make the patient actively cooperate with the treatment.

Second, it can plan the patient’s personal meal plan. For example, it should confirm the total calories required per day and the distribution method of nutrients required for each meal; instruct them to eat less high-cholesterol and high-fat foods, eat more high-potassium and high-calcium foods and more dietary fiber and vitamin content food, avoid drinking black tea, and control the intake of sodium, fat, and carbohydrates.

Third, it should strictly abide by the doctor’s orders, and explain in detail the mechanism of action and adverse reactions of the drug to patients and their families. At the same time, it should inform the patient that metformin drugs should be taken after meals, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs should be taken 30 minutes before meals, and α-glucose anhydrase inhibitors should be taken with the first meal. If symptoms of hypotension (dizziness, nausea, vomiting, etc.) occur, it can slowly move to the supine position with head down and feet up to increase the return to the heart. When paleness, palpitations, and low blood sugar reactions occur, the sugar can be dissolved in warm water and used, and the above reactions can be quickly relieved. If the symptoms are not relieved, they should be sent to a doctor immediately; and the patient and their family members are advised to act mildly to avoid the occurrence of orthostatic hypotension and cerebrovascular disease.

Fourth: it should measure and record blood pressure at 7:00 ~ 8:00 and 19:00 ~ 20:00 every day. When blood pressure was stable, it can be measured 1 ~ 2 times a week, and when there is fluctuation, it can be measured 1 ~ 2 times a day. In addition, it can monitor and record blood glucose levels before and after breakfast, lunch and dinner, and before bedtime. The blood lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hemoglobin, HbA1c), urine glucose (Urine glucose, GLU), and urine ketone levels should be measured and recorded. It should instruct the patient’s family to use blood pressure monitor, blood glucose meter correctly.

Fifth, it should explain to patients and their families the importance of exercise for disease recovery, so that patients can better control blood sugar without metabolic disorders. It should instruct patients to choose appropriate exercise (walking, square dancing, swimming, cycling, etc.) and time 1 hour after meals according to their own conditions, and exercise 3 to 5 times a week. At the same time, it should make regular health assessments, and go out to exercise to prepare candy or other sugary substances to prevent hypoglycemia.

Observation Index and Effect Evaluation Standard

The disease knowledge mastery (DKM) of patients was analyzed and compared after the intervention from 5 aspects to understand the mastery status, including diet, rehabilitation, nursing, medication guidance, and precautions. The total score of each aspect was 10 points, and the score was proportional to the degree of DKM.

The clinical efficacy was compared and graded into three levels. Grade I (excellent) meant that the symptoms of diabetes and hypertension were effectively controlled, the nursing effect was maintained for more than 1 year, the blood pressure level was less than 130/85 mmHg, the FPG level was 3.9 ~ 6.1 mmol/L, and the 2h PG was less than 10.0 mmol/L. Grade II (good) meant that diabetes and hypertension were basically controlled, but the effect was relatively unstable, and a phenomenon greater than the prescribed value occurs within 1 year. Grade III (poor) meant that blood pressure and blood sugar did not meet the specified value standards. The total effective rate (TER) = (level I + level II) / total number of cases × 100%.

Changes in blood sugar and blood pressure of patients were compared before and after nursing. PFG in the morning and 2h PG were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a Pumen automatic chemiluminescence analyzer (eCL8000, Shenzhen Hewlett Packard Medical Technology Co., Ltd.). PG level. The adult desktop sphygmomanometer from Shanghai Mediffin was adopted to monitor the patient’s DBP and SBP (the patient was instructed to rest quietly for more than 5 minutes before the test, do not smoke and drink coffee, and empty the bladder half an hour before). The average of the two monitoring results was calculated and recorded. If the difference in DBP and SBP was greater than 5 mmHg, then the average of the three monitoring results was calculated and recorded.

The mental states of patients before and after nursing were analyzed and compared. Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression of the two groups of patients before and after nursing. There were 20 items for each scale, each with 0 ~ 4 points. The critical value of the SDS scale was 53 points, 53 ~ 62 indicated the depression was mild, 63 ~ 72 indicated the depression was moderate, and > 72 indicated the depression was severe. The critical value of the SAS scale was 50 points, 50 - 59 indicated mild anxiety, 60 - 69 indicated moderate anxiety, and greater than 70 indicated severe anxiety.

Statistical Analysis

The statistical data was processed by SPSS22.0. The count data was expressed in the form of N/%, using the χ 2 test, and the measurement data was expressed as x ¯ ± s , using the t test. P < 0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.

The DKM of two groups of patients was analyzed, as shown in Figure 1 .

Figure 1 DKM of patients. [# indicated that compared with group A, the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05)].

Figure 1 illustrated that DKM of the patients in the group B was remarkably greater than that of the group A, showing statistically great difference ( P < 0.05).

Clinical Efficacy

Comparison on the clinical efficacy of the two groups were shown in Figure 2 .

Figure 2 The results of the comparison of the clinical efficacy of the two groups of patients.

As shown in Figure 2 , there were 10 cases of grade I and 16 cases of grade II in group A; and 19 cases of grade I and 12 cases of grade II in group B. From the equation of TER = (grade I + grade II)/total number of cases × 100%, it can calculate the TER of the two groups of patients. The TER of patients in group B was 91.18%, which was significantly greater than that of group A (76.47%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05).

Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure, and Rehabilitation Effect Before and After Nursing

The levels of FPG, 2h PG, SBP, DBP, and rehabilitation effect of the two groups of patients before and after nursing were shown in Figures 3 , 4 .

Figure 3 Comparison of blood glucose and blood pressure before and after nursing [ (A) showed the change before nursing, (B) showed the change after nursing; *# represented the comparison with the case in the same group before nursing, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05)].

Figure 4 Comparison of rehabilitation effects between the two groups of patients [*# indicated that compared with group A, the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05)].

As illustrated in Figures 3 , 4 , after nursing, the levels of FPG, 2h PG, SBP, and DBP in the two groups of patients were significantly decreased, and those in group B were much lower than group A ( P < 0.05). Similarly, the rehabilitation effect of patients in group B was significantly better than that in group A, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05).

Mental State Before and After Nursing

The scores of the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) of the patients in the two groups before and after nursing were shown in Figures 5 , 6 .

Figure 5 SDS score results of the two groups of patients before and after nursing [*# indicated that compared with the same group before nursing, the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05)].

Figure 6 SAS score results of the two groups of patients before and after nursing [*# indicated that compared with the same group before nursing, the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05)].

After nursing, the scores of the SDS and SAS of all patients in groups A and B decreased, and those in the group B were significantly smaller than the scores in the group A, showing statistically visible differences ( P < 0.05).

T2DM is a chronic disease caused by insufficient insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells or caused by insensitivity of target cells to insulin. Its course is longer, the condition is more complicated, and there are many complications, the prognosis is poor, and it is easy to relapse ( 16 ). One of the very common complications of T2DM is hypertension, which is prone to cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The mortality and disability rate are relatively high. It is one of the important causes of death in diabetic patients and seriously threatens the patient’s life safety ( 17 ). Some scholars believe that the cause of hypertension associated with T2DM is that the increase in blood sugar inhibits the relaxation of vascular endothelium, stimulates the transcription of vascular smooth factor genes, and leads to the emergence of hypertension. In addition, the main risk factors for increased mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are hypertension, hyperglycemia, and lipid metabolism disorders ( 18 , 19 ). Therefore, increasing the regulation of blood sugar and blood pressure in patients with T2DM accompanied by hypertension is of high significance for the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

At present, methods such as reducing blood sugar and blood lipids, adjusting body weight, and changing lifestyles are commonly used clinical methods to treat T2DM with hypertension. However, most patients have symptoms such as anxiety and depression due to long treatment time and repeated illnesses, resulting in poor control of blood sugar and blood pressure levels, resulting in a low treatment rate ( 20 ). Therefore, while actively treating patients, it is particularly important to carry out a scientific and reasonable nursing model. The implementation of individualized health education combined with a nursing model can enhance the patient’s enthusiasm for cooperating with treatment, eliminate bad emotions such as anxiety and depression, and effectively improve the patient’s quality of life.

After INHE, the levels of FPG, 2h PG, SBP, and DBP, and the scores of SDS and SAS in the two groups were decreased, and those in group B were significantly lower than those in group A (P < 0.05). The DKM and rehabilitation effect of patients in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P < 0.05); and the TER of patients in group B was 91.18%, which was higher than 76.47% in group A (P < 0.05). It can be found that INHE can effectively improve the clinical treatment effect of patients, and has very good professionalism, pertinence, and effectiveness. In this work, the psychological and physiological characteristics of patients are combined for health education for them, which strengthened the patients’ awareness of the disease and better cooperates with clinical treatment. Combined with the individualized care model, effective psychological counseling is provided to patients, to eliminate negative emotions, and to promote patients’ mastery of the use of various commonly used drugs. Thereby, it can effectively prevent abnormal blood pressure and blood sugar of patients and improve the quality of life of patients.

INHE was implemented for patients with T2DM complicated with hypertension to observe and compare DKM and rehabilitation effect of patients in the group B and the group A of patients. It was found that INHE can effectively improve the psychological cognition of patients with T2DM by hypertension, strengthen the control of blood pressure and blood sugar, and improve their quality of life. The innovation of this work lied in the combination of individualized nursing intervention and health education, which was more conducive to the rehabilitation of patients with diabetes and hypertension. However, the sample size was small, and it needed to further expand the research in the future, aiming to use more clinical experiments to verify the conclusion.

Data Availability Statement

The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

Ethics Statement

Ethical review and approval were not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

Author Contributions

RL: conceptualization, data collection and analysis, and writing–original draft. WX: data collection and wrting–original draft. PY: visualization and data collection. LT: software and visualization. ZL: writing–editing and reviewing. XG: writing–editing and reviewing, and project administration. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

Scientific research funding program of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (2021-13).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher’s Note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

1. Winzeler B, Cesana-Nigro N, Refardt J, Vogt DR, Imber C, Morin B, et al. Arginine-Stimulated Copeptin Measurements in the Differential Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus: A Prospective Diagnostic Study. Lancet (2019) 394(10198):587–95. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31255-3

PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

2. Fotso Soh J, Torres-Platas SG, Beaulieu S, Mantere O, Platt R, Mucsi I, et al. Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: The Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Psychiatry (2018) 18(1):227. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1793-9

3. Nery C, Moraes SRA, Novaes KA, Bezerra MA, Silveira PVC, Lemos A. Effectiveness of Resistance Exercise Compared to Aerobic Exercise Without Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Braz J Phys Ther (2017) 21(6):400–15. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.06.004

4. Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, Bailey CJ, Ceriello A, Delgado V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases Developed in Collaboration With the EASD. Eur Heart J (2020) 41(2):255–323. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486

5. Liu Y, Ye W, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Kuo CH, Korivi M. Resistance Exercise Intensity is Correlated With Attenuation of HbA1c and Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health (2019) 16(1):140. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16010140

CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

6. Lorentzen J, Medhus AW, Hertel JK, Borgeraas H, Karlsen TI, Kolotkin RL, et al. Erosive Esophagitis and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients With Morbid Obesity With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Obes Surg (2020) 30(7):2667–75. doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-04545-w

7. Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB. Global Aetiology and Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol (2018) 14(2):88–98. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.151

8. Sabuncu T, Sonmez A, Eren MA, Sahin I, Çorapçioğlu D, Üçler R, et al. Characteristics of Patients With Hypertension in a Population With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Results From the Turkish Nationwide SurvEy of Glycemic and Other Metabolic Parameters of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus (TEMD Hypertension Study). Prim Care Diabetes (2021) 15(2):332–9. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.11.001

9. Gonah L, Moodley I, Hlongwana K. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy in Gweru District, Zimbabwe. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med (2020) 12(1):e1–6. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2473

10. Bingham JM, Black M, Anderson EJ, Li Y, Toselli N, Fox S, et al. Impact of Telehealth Interventions on Medication Adherence for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, and/or Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review. Ann Pharmacother (2021) 55(5):637–49. doi: 10.1177/1060028020950726

11. Sánchez Tinajero Á, González Cueto E, Martínez Orozco JA, Becerril Vargas E, Ruiz Santillán DP, Reséndiz Escobar H. A 65-Year-Old Woman With a History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension and a 15-Day History of Dry Cough and Fever Who Presented With Acute Renal Failure Due to Infection With SARS-Cov-2. Am J Case Rep (2020) 21:e926737. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.926737

12. Li SY, Yoshida Y, Kobayashi E, Adachi A, Hirono S, Matsutani T, et al. Association Between Serum Anti−ASXL2 Antibody Levels and Acute Ischemic Stroke, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Kidney Disease and Digestive Organ Cancer, and Their Possible Association With Atherosclerosis and Hypertension. Int J Mol Med (2020) 46(4):1274–88. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4690

13. Tan JP, Cheng KKF, Siah RC. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Education on Medication Adherence for Patients With Hypertension, Hyperlipidaemia and Diabetes. J Adv Nurs (2019) 75(11):2478–94. doi: 10.1111/jan.14025

14. Or CK, Liu K, So MKP, Cheung B, Yam LYC, Tiwari A, et al. Improving Self-Care in Patients With Coexisting Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension by Technological Surrogate Nursing: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res (2020) 22(3):e16769. doi: 10.2196/16769

15. Trento M, Fornengo P, Amione C, Salassa M, Barutta F, Gruden G, et al. Self-Management Education may Improve Blood Pressure in People With Type 2 Diabetes. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis (2020) 30(11):1973–9. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.023

16. Hayden MR. An Immediate and Long-Term Complication of COVID-19 May Be Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of β-Cell Dysfunction, Apoptosis and Exploration of Possible Mechanisms. Cells (2020) 9(11):2475. doi: 10.3390/cells9112475

17. Ray KK, Nicholls SJ, Buhr KA, Ginsberg HN, Johansson JO, Kalantar-Zadeh K, et al. Effect of Apabetalone Added to Standard Therapy on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA (2020) 323(16):1565–73. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3308

18. Fernandez-Mendoza J, He F, Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO. Interplay of Objective Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases on Cause-Specific Mortality. J Am Heart Assoc (2019) 8(20):e013043. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013043

19. Berkelmans GFN, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Visseren FLJ, Wild SH, Franzen S, Chalmers J, et al. Prediction of Individual Life-Years Gained Without Cardiovascular Events From Lipid, Blood Pressure, Glucose, and Aspirin Treatment Based on Data of More Than 500 000 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Eur Heart J (2019) 40(34):2899–906. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy839

20. Pavlou DI, Paschou SA, Anagnostis P, Spartalis M, Spartalis E, Vryonidou A, et al. Hypertension in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Targets and Management. Maturitas (2018) 112:71–7. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.03.013

Keywords: individualized nursing and health education, individualized management, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, rehabilitation efficacy

Citation: Li R, Xu W, Yang P, Tan L, Ling Z and Gan X (2022) The Nursing Effect of Individualized Management on Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Hypertension. Front. Endocrinol. 13:846419. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.846419

Received: 31 December 2021; Accepted: 25 January 2022; Published: 17 March 2022.

Reviewed by:

Copyright © 2022 Li, Xu, Yang, Tan, Ling and Gan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Xiuni Gan, [email protected]

† These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

• How it works

Useful Links

How much will your dissertation cost?

Have an expert academic write your dissertation paper!

Dissertation Services

Get unlimited topic ideas and a dissertation plan for just £45.00

Order topics and plan

Get 1 free topic in your area of study with aim and justification

Yes I want the free topic

45 of the Best Diabetes Dissertation Topics

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On August 16, 2023

The prevalence of diabetes among the world’s population has been increasing steadily over the last few decades, thanks to the growing consumption of fast food and an increasingly comfortable lifestyle. With the field of diabetes evolving rapidly, it is essential to base your dissertation on a trending diabetes dissertation topic that fills a gap in research. 

Finding a perfect research topic is one of the most challenging aspects of dissertation writing in any discipline . Several resources are available to students on the internet to help them conduct research and brainstorm to develop their topic selection, but this can take a significant amount of time. So, we decided to provide a list of well-researched, unique and intriguing diabetes research topics and ideas to help you get started. 

Other Subject Links:

• Evidence-based Practice Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Child Health Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Adult Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Critical Care Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Palliative Care Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Mental Health Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Coronavirus (COVID-19) Nursing Dissertation Topics

List of Diabetes Dissertation Topics

• Why do people recently diagnosed with diabetes have such difficulty accepting reality and controlling their health?
• What are the reactions of children who have recently been diagnosed with diabetes? What can be done to improve their grasp of how to treat the disease?
• In long-term research, people getting intensive therapy for the condition had a worse quality of life. What role should health professionals have in mitigating this effect?
• Why do so many individuals experience severe depression the months after their diagnosis despite displaying no other signs of deteriorating health?
• Discuss some of the advantages of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for people with diabetes
• Discuss the notion of diabetes in paediatrics and why it is necessary to do this research regularly.
• Explain the current threat and difficulty of childhood obesity and diabetes, stressing some areas where parents are failing in their position as guardians to avoid the situation
• Explain some of the difficulties that persons with diabetes have, particularly when obtaining the necessary information and medical treatment
• Explain some of the most frequent problems that people with diabetes face, as well as how they affect the prevalence of the disease. Put out steps that can be implemented to help the problem.
• Discuss the diabetes problem among Asian American teens
• Even though it is a worldwide disease, particular ethnic groups are more likely to be diagnosed as a function of nutrition and culture. What can be done to improve their health literacy?
• Explain how self-management may be beneficial in coping with diabetes, particularly for people unable to get prompt treatment for their illness
• Discuss the possibility of better management for those with diabetes who are hospitalized
• What current therapies have had the most influence on reducing the number of short-term problems in patients’ bodies?
• How have various types of steroids altered the way the body responds in people with hypoglycemia more frequently than usual?
• What effects do type 1, and type 2 diabetes have on the kidneys? How do the most widely used monitoring approaches influence this?
• Is it true that people from specific ethnic groups are more likely to acquire heart disease or eye illness due to their diabetes diagnosis?
• How has the new a1c test helped to reduce the detrimental consequences of diabetes on the body by detecting the condition early?
• Explain the difficulty of uncontrolled diabetes and how it can eventually harm the kidneys and the heart
• Discuss how the diabetic genetic strain may be handed down from generation to generation
• What difficulties do diabetic people have while attempting to check their glucose levels and keep a balanced food plan?
• How have some individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes managed to live better lives than others with the disease?
• Is it true that eating too much sugar causes diabetes, cavities, acne, hyperactivity, and weight gain?
• What effect does insulin treatment have on type 2 diabetes?
• How does diabetes contribute to depression?
• What impact does snap participation have on diabetes rates?
• Why has the number of persons who perform blood glucose self-tests decreased? Could other variables, such as social or environmental, have contributed to this decrease?
• Why do patients in the United States struggle to obtain the treatment they require to monitor and maintain appropriate glucose levels? Is this due to increased healthcare costs?
• Nutrition is critical to a healthy lifestyle, yet many diabetic patients are unaware of what they should consume. Discuss
• Why have injuries and diabetes been designated as national health priorities?
• What factors contribute to the growing prevalence of type ii diabetes in adolescents?
• Does socioeconomic status influence the prevalence of diabetes?
• Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes: a critical assessment of the shared pathological traits
• What are the effects and consequences of diabetes on peripheral blood vessels?
• What is the link between genetic predisposition, obesity, and type 2 diabetes development?
• Diabetes modifies the activation and repression of pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling pathways in the vascular system.
• Understanding autoimmune diabetes through the tri-molecular complex prism
• Does economic status influence the regional variation of diabetes caused by malnutrition?
• What evidence is there for using traditional Chinese medicine and natural products to treat depression in people who also have diabetes?
• Why was the qualitative method used to evaluate diabetes programs?
• Investigate the most common symptoms of undiagnosed diabetes
• How can artificial intelligence help diabetes patients?
• What effect does the palaeolithic diet have on type 2 diabetes?
• What are the most common diabetes causes and treatments?
• What causes diabetes mellitus, and how does it affect the United Kingdom?

Hire an Expert Writer

Orders completed by our expert writers are

• Formally drafted in an academic style
• Free Amendments and 100% Plagiarism Free – or your money back!
• 100% Confidential and Timely Delivery!
• Free anti-plagiarism report
• Appreciated by thousands of clients. Check client reviews

You can contact our 24/7 customer service for a bespoke list of customized diabetes dissertation topics , proposals, or essays written by our experienced writers . Each of our professionals is accredited and well-trained to provide excellent content on a wide range of topics. Getting a good grade on your dissertation course is our priority, and we make sure that happens. Find out more here . 

Free Dissertation Topic

Phone Number

Academic Level Select Academic Level Undergraduate Graduate PHD

Academic Subject

Area of Research

Frequently Asked Questions

How to find diabetes dissertation topics.

To find diabetes dissertation topics:

• Study recent research in diabetes.
• Focus on emerging trends.
• Explore prevention, treatment, tech, etc.
• Consider cultural or demographic aspects.
• Consult experts or professors.
• Select a niche that resonates with you.

You May Also Like

Need interesting and manageable Snapchat dissertation topics? Here are the trending Snapchat dissertation titles so you can choose the most suitable one.

For any company and organisation, one of the most important yet sensitive assets is its information. Therefore, it is essential to keep the data secured from getting stolen and avoid getting it used for malicious activities.

Finding a unique wedding dissertation topic is difficult. We have gathered a list of 30 top wedding dissertation topic ideas for you.

USEFUL LINKS

LEARNING RESOURCES

COMPANY DETAILS

• How It Works

• Open access
• Published: 28 March 2023

Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice with regards to nutritional management of diabetes mellitus

• Mahsa Farzaei 1 ,
• Shahla Shahbazi 2 ,
• Neda Gilani 3 ,
• Alireza Ostadrahimi 4 &
• Leila Gholizadeh 5  

BMC Medical Education volume  23 , Article number:  192 ( 2023 ) Cite this article

3729 Accesses

1 Citations

1 Altmetric

Metrics details

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide. Nurses work collaboratively with multidisciplinary teams to improve diabetes management. Yet, little is known about nurses’ role in nutritional management of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) toward nutritional management of diabetes.

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 160 nurses, who were recruited between July 4 and July 18, 2021 from two referral tertiary teaching hospitals in Iran. A validated paper-based self-reported questionnaire was used to assess nurses’ KAP. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis.

The mean knowledge score of nurses about nutritional management of diabetes was 12.16 ± 2.83, and 61.2% showing a moderate knowledge level on nutritional management of diabetes. The mean attitudes score was 60.68 ± 6.11, with 86.92% of participants demonstrating positive attitudes. The mean practice score of study participants was 44.74 ± 7.81, with 51.9% having a moderate level of practice. Higher knowledge scores were observed among male nurses (B = -7.55, p  = 0.009) and those with blended learning as a preferred learning method (B = 7.28, p  = 0.029). Having an opportunity to provide education to patients with diabetes during shifts affected nurses’ attitudes positively (B = -7.59, p  = 0.017). Practice scores were higher among nurses who perceived themselves competent in the nutritional management of diabetes (B = -18.05, p  = 0.008).

Nurses’ knowledge and practice in the nutritional management of diabetes should be increased to help improve the quality of the dietary care and patient education they provide these patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the results of this study both in Iran and internationally.

Peer Review reports

Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest growing chronic diseases globally, with a significant burden on individuals and societies [ 1 ]. Management of diabetes includes nutritional therapy, exercise, monitoring, pharmacologic therapy, and patient education. Nutritional management is a key element of diabetes care. An effective nutritional management helps achieve and maintain glycemic control and contributes to the well-being and quality of life of patients [ 2 ]. While registered dietitians or nutritionists take the main responsibility in nutritional assessment and management of patients with diabetes, nurses and other members of the health care team must be knowledgeable about diabetes nutrition therapy and support patients in implementation of nutritional and lifestyle changes [ 3 ].

Nurses are more likely to encounter patients with diabetes as the number of associated hospital admissions rises. Further, they are in unique position to improve the outcomes for patients with diabetes due to the length of time they spend with patients. The holistic nature of the nursing profession requires nurses to be informal nutrition advisors [ 4 ], and ensure that patients in hospital receive an appropriate diet. They assist patients at meal times, during which patients may seek dietary advice [ 5 ]. Thus, nurses should be aware of the guidelines for the nutritional management of diabetes [ 6 ].

Yet, results of previous studies suggest significant knowledge gap among nurses with regards to nutritional management of patients with diabetes [ 7 , 8 ]. Poor knowledge of health care providers of dietary requirements of patients with diabetes can lead to a poor glycemic control and increase the risk of diabetes-associated complications [ 9 ]. Further, nurses had the lowest attitudes towards diabetes management among healthcare professionals in the study by Babelgaith et al. [ 10 ]. Nurses’ negative attitudes can affect their practice on nutritional management of diabetes. Other factors include time, nutrition education, organizational support, and resource availability [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].

Strategies to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are imperative to patient safety, and effective nutritional management can help achieve and maintain target glycemic control. Therefore, it is important that nurses have adequate knowledge and positive attitudes toward nutritional management in patients with diabetes to improve their practice [ 14 , 15 ]. The healthcare system in Iran has recently mandated a comprehensive assessment of all patients on their hospital admission. As part of this program, nurses assess the nutritional status of patients and report those with a poor nutritional status, including those with poorly controlled diabetes, to the physician to request a nutritional consultation. Adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practice of nurses are important to achievement of therapeutic goals for patients in diabetes and supporting patients in their self-care practice [15,16 ].

This study was underpinned by the KAP model, which considers using a structured standardized questionnaire to quantify and analyze what is known (knowledge), believed (attitudes), and done (practices) by a target population with regard to a topic of interest. Specific to this study, we aimed to develop an understanding of the knowledge level of nurse regarding of nutritional management of diabetes, and how the knowledge affected nurses’ attitudes and practice toward nutritional management of diabetes. Overall, studies investigating nurses’ KAP with regards to nutritional management of diabetes are limited, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no such a study in Iran. This study aimed to examine nurses’ KAP with regards to nutritional management of diabetes in Iran. Understanding nurses’ KAP about nutritional management of diabetes can generate evidence to inform the development of nutritional management programs. The specific objectives were to:

identify nurses’ knowledge about nutritional management of diabetes.

identify nurses’ attitudes toward nutritional management of diabetes.

identify nurses’ practice on nutritional management of diabetes.

identify relationships between nurses’ KAP about nutritional management of diabetes.

Identify multiple factors that affect nurses’ KAP about nutritional management of diabetes.

This study applied a descriptive cross-sectional design. Participants were recruited from 35 medical and surgical wards of two teaching tertiary referral hospitals in the Northwest of Iran using random sampling method. In the first step, all eligible nurses were identified from the 35 wards and their names were written on pieces of papers and folded and put in a box. The researchers then mixed the box before drawing out the required number of sample. To be eligible for the study, participants needed to have a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in nursing and be working as a fixed term registered nurse in a medical or surgical ward for at least one month. Information from a pilot study was used to calculate the sample size in this study. The required sample size increased to 156 participants when a possible dropout rate of 20% was considered. One hundred sixty participants were recruited to the study.

There is no diabetes educator position in Iran [ 17 ]. During data collection for this study, none of the participating hospitals had a designated diabetes educator or diabetes link nurse. However, both hospitals had a nutrition unit, which was responsible for providing general nutrition care for all forms of health conditions, including nutritional consultation to patients with diabetes.

Data collection tools

Data were collected using a self-report paper-based survey package containing four sections: The first section included questions about the socio-demographic and professional characteristics of nurses. The second section included the Nutritional Management of Diabetes Knowledge Test (NMDKT), designed and validated by Mogre et al. [ 5 ]. Its original version contains 21 questions; correct answers are scored 1, and others scored 0. Higher scores on the NMDKT represent higher level of knowledge about nutritional management of diabetes mellitus. A permission to modify and use the questionnaire for the current study was obtained from the designers (personal communication, November 3, 2019). The third section was the Nurses’ Attitudes about Nutritional Management of Diabetes Questionnaire, which developed by the researchers specifically for this study based on the WHO and the American Diabetes Association nutrition guidelines and the review of the relevant literature [ 2 , 16 , 18 ]. It contained 15 questions and used a five-point Likert scale, with responses ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Total scores could range from 15 to 75. The scores were then standardized between 0 to100 and categorized to three categories of high (66.6–100), moderate (33.3–66.6), and poor attitudes (0-33.3).

The final section included the Nurses’ Practice on Nutritional Management of Diabetes Questionnaire. This questionnaire was also developed by the researchers. It contained 15 questions and used a four-point Likert scale, with responses ranging from never (1) to always. Total practice scores could range from 15 to 60. The scores on practice about nutritional management of diabetes mellitus were then standardized between 0 to100 and categorized to three categories of good (66.6–100), moderate (33.3–66.6) and poor practice (0-33.3).

Validity and reliability

The survey package was submitted to a panel of 13 experts, 4 in nutrition and 9 in nursing, for evaluation of the face and content validity. The questionnaire was revised based on the comments of the review panel and resubmitted for further evaluation. For example, question 12 was removed for a cultural reason. The panel approved all the items as appropriate, assuring good content validity. In addition, the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) of all questionnaires were assessed and the results supported the content validity of the used tools. The CVR and CVI for were 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. The Nurses’ Attitudes about Nutritional Management of Diabetes Questionnaire had the CVR and the CVI of 0.99 and 1.00, respectively, and the Nurses’ Practice on Nutritional Management of Diabetes Questionnaire demonstrated the CVR and the CVI of 0.99 and 1.00, respectively. Using Cronbach’s alpha to measure internal consistency, a reliability coefficient of 0.65 was attained for the NMDKT, 0.83 for the Nurses’ Attitudes on Nutritional Management of Diabetes Questionnaire, and 0.90 for the Nurses’ Practice on Nutritional Management of Diabetes Questionnaire. The questionnaire took an average 17.88 ± 9.40 min to complete.

Thus, we used the NMDKT containing 20 questions in this study. Total row scores ranged from 0 to 20. The NMDKT scores were then standardized between 0 to100 and categorized to three categories of high (66.6–100), moderate (33.3–66.6) and poor knowledge (0-33.3).

Ethical considerations

The study received ethical approval from the Regional Research Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Approval ID: IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.844), was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Potential nurses were informed about the study and what participation would entail, and all provided informed consent before participating in the study. Permission to have access to the hospitals was obtained from hospital mangers. The survey was anonymous, and participants were ensured that the data could not be traced back to individual participants or hospitals.

Data analysis

Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to characterize respondents’ profiles. This included reporting mean values and standard deviations for continuous variables and frequency and percentages for categorical and ordinal variables. Relationship between KAP concepts was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the significant associates of KAP. Analyses were conducted using the IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 24.0 statistical software package. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Characteristics of the participants

Demographic characteristics and professional and educational background of the study nurses were summarized in Table  1 . All potential participants, who were invited to participate, accepted the invitations except three nurses (acceptance rate of 98.16%). Two nurses rejected the study of due to heavy workload due and one nurse due to sickness. The mean age of participants was 30.31 ± 6.32 years; the majority were female (n = 110, 68.75%), and had a Bachelor’s degree in Nursing (n = 158, 98.8%) while the remaining (n = 2, 1.2%) had a Master’s degree in Nursing in addition to a Bachelor of Nursing degree. Above half of the participants (n = 90, 56.3%) were working in medical wards and the remaining (n = 70, 43.8%) in the surgical wards. Only small number of nurses (n = 34, 21.3%) were satisfied with nutrition education they had received during university training. The majority of nurses in this study (n = 147, 91.9%) did not have a refresher training on diabetes (Table  1 ).

The first objective of this study was to identify nurses’ knowledge about nutritional management of diabetes. The result showed that the mean knowledge score was 12.16 ± 2.83, with minimum score of 4 and maximum score of 18. Based on standardized scores, 93(61.2%) participants demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge (Table  2 ).

The second objective was to identify nurses’ attitudes toward nutritional management of diabetes. The mean attitudes score was 60.68 ± 6.11. Based on standardized scores, 133(86.92%) participants demonstrated positive attitudes toward nutritional management of diabetes (Table  3 ).

The third objective was to identify nurses’ practice on nutritional management of diabetes. The mean practice score was 44.74 ± 7.8. Based on standardized scores 82(51.9%) of participants demonstrated a moderate level practice (Table  4 ).

The forth objective of this study was to identify relationships between nurses’ KAP about nutritional management of diabetes. The correlation between knowledge, attitudes, and practice was evaluated using the Pearson’s correlation analysis. There was a statistically significant correlation between both knowledge (r= -0.164, p  = 0.045) and attitudes (r = 0.361, p  < 0.001) with practice scores. However, the correlation between knowledge and attitudes was not statistically significant (r=-0.067, p  = 0.423) (Table  5 ).

In the multiple linear regression analysis, gender and preferred method of learning were statistically significant correlates of participants’ knowledge of nutritional management of diabetes (Table  6 ). Higher knowledge was reported among male nurses (B = -7.55, p  = 0.009), and those reported blended learning as their preferred learning method (B = 7.28, p  = 0.029).

Only provision of diabetes education during working shifts was the statistically significant correlate of attitudes toward nutritional management of diabetes (Table  7 ). Positive attitudes scores were reported by nurses who provided diabetes education for patients during their work shifts (B = -7.59, p  = 0.017).

The multiple linear regression analysis showed statistically significant relationships between hospital and feeling competent and practice on nutritional management of diabetes (Table  8 ). Higher practice scores were observed among nurses who were employed in hospital 2 and those who perceived themselves competent in the nutritional management of diabetes (B = -18.05, p  = 0.008).

The findings of this study provide insights into nurses’ KAP about the nutritional management of diabetes. Overall, participants demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge on the nutritional management of diabetes. Knowledge forms the basis of professional practice. Knowledge deficits of diabetes care, including nutritional management of diabetes, imposes a significant risk to delivery of safe practice [ 7 ]. The results of a review study revealed a significant knowledge deficit in the core aspects of diabetes care among nurses globally [ 7 ]. Comparing our findings with the past research, the mean knowledge score in our study was higher than the overall 44% correct responses reported by Mogre et al. [ 5 ]. Also, Naz et al. reported that half nurses in their study had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge about diabetes and diabetes meal planning [ 6 ]. Badshah et al. found that the majority of nurses had poor knowledge regarding diabetic diet [ 19 ]. Likewise, the study by Oyewole et al. revealed nurses’ knowledge deficiency in some critical areas, such as diabetes diet [ 20 ]. Inadequate nutritional knowledge of nurses could lead to inaccurate information provided to diabetic patients, which may lead to poor diabetes management and an increase in the rate of diabetes-related complications and treatment costs [ 19 ].

The moderate level of knowledge found among the nurses in our study could be due the fact that nurses mostly had not received any diabetes education after graduation from university. Similar to the present study results, Samancioglu et al. reported that only 3.9% of the nurses had a certificate as a ‘diabetes educator’ in Turkey [ 21 ]. Likewise, Alhaiti et al. reported that most nurses in Saudi Arabia in their study (78.4%) had not received any refreshing training on diabetes [ 22 ]. Like many other countries [ 23 ], nurses in Iran receive 26 h of education on nutrition during their bachelor of nursing degree. Considering the dramatic rise in the prevalence of diabetes worldwide, educational curriculums in health-related fields should better focus on training health care professionals about diabetes care, including the nutritional management of diabetes [ 24 ].

The majority of nurses in our study demonstrated positive attitudes toward the nutritional management of diabetes mellitus, which is a promising finding. Similar to the present study, a study by Kim and Choue showed that most Korean nurses possessed positive attitudes about attending to nutritional needs of patients and showed a high desire to receive further training on patient nutrition [ 14 ]. In contrast to the current study, Oyewole et al. in Nigeria reported that 48.9% of nurses in their study exhibited negative attitudes toward diabetes care in general [ 20 ]. Positive attitudes can be considered as an opportunity to improve the knowledge and practice of nurses on the nutritional management of diabetes mellitus.

Overall nurses in the current study reported a moderate level of practice on the nutritional management of diabetes. Direct comparison to other studies is difficult due to limited studies assessing nurses’ practice with regards to nutritional management of diabetes. The available studies mostly assessed nurses’ practice in relation to diabetes in general or addressed nutritional management in hospitalized patients in general, with a few questions targeted on diabetes. Comparing our findings with available evidence, the mean practice score achieved by the nurses in this study was higher than scores reported by Emami et al. in Iran [ 18 ]. In the Emami et al.’s study, nurses acted poorly on nutritional screening and the subsequent referral to a dietician for professional assessment. Initial nutritional assessment of chronically ill patients, including those with poorly controlled diabetes can have a significant effect on patient outcomes. A reason for the suboptimal practice of nurses in our study could be due to time constraint, making the process of initial nutritional assessment of patients and their referral to a dietitian unrealistic in the clinical settings.

The current study found a positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes with practice. The research team could not find any study that attempted to find the correlation between KAP about nutrition management of diabetes among nurses in Iran. The knowledge scores of nurses about nutritional management of diabetes were significantly higher among male nurses and nurses who selected blended learning as their preferred learning method. Similar to this finding, in the study conducted by Mogre et al. in Ghana, male nurses scored higher than female nurses on the NMDKT [ 5 ].

Furthermore, the present study revealed an association between attitude scores and involvement in diabetes education. Nurses who provided education to diabetic patients during their work possessed more positive attitudes toward nutritional management of diabetes. Higher practice scores were observed among nurses who were employed in hospital 2. One reasonable explanation to this finding could be that hospital 1 had an endocrine ward, admitting most patients with diabetes. This might have caused the nurses of other wards in hospital 1 have less exposure to patients with diabetes, and develop competency in managing the nutritional care needs of patients with diabetes. Supporting this explanation, practice scores in this study were positively associated with nurses’ perceived competency in nutritional management of diabetes.

Limitations

The results of this study contributed to our understanding of nurses’ KAP on the nutritional management of diabetes in Iran. Using random sampling method and recruiting participants from two tertiary referral teaching hospitals increase the generalizability of the findings. However the self-report nature of the data is a limitation. Also, this study was conducted in hospital settings, it should be noted that only small percentage of patients with diabetes are admitted to hospitals, and the main part of diabetes care is provided in primary care settings or outpatient clinics. Thus, the results of this study are applicable to hospital settings only.

Conclusions

Nurses in this study demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge and practice in relation to the nutritional management of diabetes mellitus, although their attitude toward this aspect of patient care was positive. Being a male nurse, having a preference for blended learning, having opportunities to get involved in providing education to diabetes patients during work, hospital where employed, and perceive competency in the nutritional management of diabetes affected nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Given the growing trend of diabetes worldwide and the role of nutrition in diabetes management, it is necessary to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of nurses about the nutritional management of diabetes. The educational curriculums should be examined for adequate education of nurses about diabetes care.

Data Availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to agreements with participants who restricted data sharing but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Sørensen H, Toft. Prevention of diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years: access to medications and high-quality health care. Lancet Diabets Endocrionol. 2022;10(3):151–2.

Article   Google Scholar  

Middelbeek RJ, Hafida S, Schrager C. Medical nutrition therapy for the treatment of diabetes: prioritizing recommendations based on evidence. nutrition guide for physicians and related healthcare professions.Springer; 2022:pp. 109–119.

Brunner L, Sholtis SCO, Smeltzer. Suddarth. Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Volume 2. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.

Henning M. Nursing’s role in nutrition. CIN: Computers Informatics Nursing. 2009;27(5):301–6.

Google Scholar  

Mogre V, Ansah GA, Marfo DN, Garti HA. Assessing nurses’ knowledge levels in the nutritional management of diabetes. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2015;3:40–3.

Naz S, Jan A, Muhammad D. Assessment of nurses ’knowledge regarding nutritional management of diabetic patients in public and private sector tertiary care hospital, Peshawar. Rehman J Health Sci. 2021;3(2):68–71.

Alotaibi A, Al-Ganmi A, Gholizadeh L, Perry L. Diabetes knowledge of nurses in different countries: an integrative review. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;39:32–49.

Alotaibi A, Gholizadeh L, Al-Ganmi AHA, Perry L. Factors influencing nurses’ knowledge acquisition of diabetes care and its management: a qualitative study. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(23–24):4340–52.

Mian SI, Brauer PM. Dietary education tools for South Asians with diabetes. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2009;70(1):28–35.

Babelgaith SD, Alfadly S, Baidi M. Assessment of the attitude of health care professionals towards diabetes care in Mukalla, Yemen. Int J Public Health Sciences. 2013;2(4):159–64.

Boocock RC, Lake AA, Haste A, Moore HJ. Clinicians’ perceived barriers and enablers to the dietary management of adults with type 2 diabetes in primary care: a systematic review. J Hum Nutr Dietetics. 2021;34(6):1042–52.

Gianfrancesco C, Johnson M. Exploring the provision of diabetes nutrition education by practice nurses in primary care settings. J Hum Nutr Dietetics. 2020;33(2):263–73.

Hulbert LR, Zhang X, Ng BP, Nhim K, Khan T, Cannon MJ. Health Care Providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and Practices and the Association with Referrals to the National Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Change Program. Am J Health Promotion. 2022;36(2):236–47.

Kim H, Choue R. Nurses’ positive attitudes to nutritional management but limited knowledge of nutritional assessment in Korea. Int Nurs Rev. 2009;56(3):333–9.

Al-Mugheed K, Bayraktar N, Al-Bsheish M, AlSyouf A, Jarrar Mt, AlBaker W, Aldhmadi BK. Patient safety attitudes among doctors and nurses: associations with workload, adverse events, experience. Healthcare. Vol.10. No.4. MDPI. 2022: 631.

RPHN EYORR. Primary Health Care Nurses’ Competencies and Resources availability for diabetes Mellitus Care at Local Government Areas of Ibadan. Int J Caring Sci. 2020;13(1):368–80.

Yazdani F, Abazari P, Haghani F, Iraj B. The most prominent problems of diabetes education in Iran: A qualitative content analysis.Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2021;10.

Emami M, Zarezadeh M, Sharifzadeh M, Fazelifarsani Z, Khorshidi M. Evaluation of nutritional assessment quality and rate of referral to dietitian in Shariati hospital, Tehran-Iran: a clinical audit. J Nutritional Sci Dietetics. 2019;5(1):8–13.

Badshah S, Naz S, ullah S, Aziz F, Bibi K, Wahab N, Akhtar R, Akhtar T, uddin N. Knowledge of Nurses regarding Nutritional management of Diabetes mellitus Patients in Tertiary Care Hospitals, Peshawar. IJRDO -Journal of Health Sciences and Nursing. 2020; 5(1).

Oyewole EY, Ojewale LY, Abimbola OO. Primary Health Care Nurses’ Competencies and Resources availability for diabetes Mellitus Care at Local Government Areas of Ibadan. Int J Caring Sci. 2020;13(1):368–80.

Samancioglu S, Ozturk Donmez R, Arda Surucu H, Bayindir Cevik A. Experiences of clinic nurses regarding diabetes education in Turkey’health system. Health Syst Policy Res. 2017;4(3):1–5.

Alhaiti AH, Senitan M, Shanmuganathan S, Dacosta C, Jones LK, Lenon GB. Nurses’ attitudes towards diabetes in tertiary care: a cross-sectional study. Nurs Open. 2019;6(4):1381–7.

Al-Shwaiyat NM, Sinjillawi AB, Al-Rethaiaa AS, Fahmy A-EA, Al-Saraireh RM, Aqel MM, Al-Hajjaj SM, Al-Sbou AS. Assessment of therapeutic nutritional knowledge of jordanian nurses. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2013;2(3):142–8.

Kobos E, Imiela J, Kryczka T, Szewczyk A, Knoff B. Actual and perceived knowledge of type 1 diabetes mellitus among school nurses. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;87:104304.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The present study is a part of a master of nursing thesis. The research proposal was approved and supported by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Hence, the researchers feel obliged to thank Tabriz University of Medical Sciences for their support. In addition, the authors would like to thank the nurses who participated in this study. We would also like to thank Dr. Victor Mogre for the permission to use the Nutritional Management of Diabetes Knowledge Test (NMDKT) in this study. Finally, we would like to thank the Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research, and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, for their assistance in this research.

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 51745347, Tabriz, Iran

Mahsa Farzaei

Department of Medical- Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery& Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 51745347, Tabriz, Iran

Shahla Shahbazi

Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Postal code: 166614711, Iran

Neda Gilani

Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Postal code: 5166614711, Iran

Alireza Ostadrahimi

Faculty of Health, University of Technology, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia

Leila Gholizadeh

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

Study design: ShSh, MF, NG, AOR; Acquisition of data: MF; Analysis and interpretation of data: NG, MF; Drafting of the article: ShSh, LG; All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shahla Shahbazi .

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate.

The study received ethical approval from the Regional Research Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. (Approval ID: IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.844). The Declaration of Helsinki was followed in conducting the study. Participants received information about the objectives of the study and provided informed consent before participating in the research. Permission to access the hospitals was obtained from hospital administrators. The study was anonymous and collected data could not trace back to individual respondents or hospitals.

Consent for publication

Competing interests.

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Farzaei, M., Shahbazi, S., Gilani, N. et al. Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice with regards to nutritional management of diabetes mellitus. BMC Med Educ 23 , 192 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04178-4

Download citation

Received : 18 April 2022

Accepted : 20 March 2023

Published : 28 March 2023

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04178-4

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Nutritional
• Diabetes mellitus

BMC Medical Education

ISSN: 1472-6920

• Submission enquiries: [email protected]
• General enquiries: [email protected]

45+ Diabetes Management Nursing Research Topics: A Comprehensive List for Nursing Students

• Carla Johnson
• August 25, 2023
• Nursing Topics and Ideas

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, has reached epidemic proportions globally. As nursing students embark on their journey to become adept healthcare providers, understanding the intricacies of diabetes management nursing becomes paramount. This article delves into diabetes management nursing research topics, providing insight, questions for exploration, and project ideas to enhance the learning experience.

Understanding Diabetes Management Nursing

Diabetes management nursing plays a pivotal role in assisting individuals with diabetes to lead healthier lives and prevent complications. As nurses, a deep understanding of diabetes, its types (Type 1, Type 2, gestational), symptoms, causes, and treatment modalities is crucial. Not only does this encompass medication management and insulin administration, but it also involves educating patients about dietary choices, exercise routines, and blood sugar monitoring. Furthermore, nurses must be vigilant in recognizing potential complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy.

PICOT Questions in Diabetes Management Nursing

• P: Pediatric population diagnosed with type 1 diabetes; I: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices; C: Traditional fingerstick blood glucose monitoring; O: Improved glycemic control; T: 1 year. How does the utilization of continuous glucose monitoring devices compared to traditional fingerstick blood glucose monitoring impact glycemic control among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes over the course of one year?
• P: Older adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes; I: Structured diabetic education programs; C: Informal diabetes education; O: Better medication adherence and self-care behaviors; T: 6 months. Among older adults recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, what is the effect of structured diabetic education programs on medication adherence and self-care behaviors compared to informal education over a six-month period?
• P: Adults with diabetes; I: Nurse-led telehealth interventions; C: Standard in-person care; O: Improved HbA1c levels; T: 3 months. In adults with diabetes, how does nurse-led telehealth interventions impact HbA1c levels compared to standard in-person care over a three-month period?
• P: Pregnant women with gestational diabetes; I: Dietary counseling and monitoring; C: Standard prenatal care; O: Better gestational weight gain and glucose control; T: Throughout pregnancy. Among pregnant women with gestational diabetes, what is the effect of dietary counseling and monitoring on gestational weight gain and glucose control compared to standard prenatal care throughout pregnancy?
• P: Patients with diabetes in a home care setting; I: Mobile health apps for diabetes management; C: No mobile health app use; O: Enhanced self-management and reduced hospitalizations; T: 1 year. How do mobile health apps for diabetes management influence self-management behaviors and hospitalization rates among patients with diabetes receiving home care services over the course of one year?
• P: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes; I: Peer support groups; C: No peer support; O: Improved psychosocial well-being and diabetes management; T: 6 months. Among adolescents with type 1 diabetes, what is the impact of participating in peer support groups on psychosocial well-being and diabetes management compared to those without peer support over a six-month period?
• P: Patients with diabetic foot ulcers; I: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT); C: Traditional wound dressings; O: Faster wound healing and reduced infection rates; T: Until complete wound healing. How does the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) expedite wound healing and lower infection rates among patients with diabetic foot ulcers in comparison to traditional wound dressings until the wound is completely healed?
• P: Adults with type 2 diabetes; I: Regular physical activity; C: Sedentary lifestyle; O: Improved insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health; T: 3 months. Among adults with type 2 diabetes, what is the effect of engaging in regular physical activity on insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health in comparison to maintaining a sedentary lifestyle over a three-month period?
• P: Patients with diabetes receiving polypharmacy; I: Medication reconciliation process; C: Standard medication management; O: Reduced adverse drug events; T: 1 year. In patients with diabetes who are on multiple medications, how does the implementation of a medication reconciliation process impact the occurrence of adverse drug events compared to standard medication management over the course of one year?
• P: Individuals with diabetes and depression; I: Integrated care approach; C: Separate diabetes and mental health care; O: Better mental health outcomes and diabetes management; T: 6 months. Among individuals with diabetes and comorbid depression, what is the effect of an integrated care approach on mental health outcomes and diabetes management in comparison to receiving separate diabetes and mental health care over a six-month period?

10 EBP Project Ideas in Diabetes Management Nursing

• Developing an evidence-based diabetic foot care protocol.
• Assessing the impact of telehealth on diabetes management during the pandemic.
• Implementing a nurse-led diabetes support group.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of insulin pump therapy in adolescents.
• Investigating the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
• Creating a culturally sensitive diabetes education program for diverse populations.
• Exploring the benefits of mindfulness meditation in glycemic control.
• Analyzing the role of genetics in the development of Type 2 Diabetes.
• Examining the effects of exercise on insulin sensitivity.
• Studying the impact of sleep quality on diabetes management.

10 Capstone Project Ideas in Diabetes Management Nursing

• Designing an interactive mobile app for diabetes self-management.
• Developing a comprehensive guide for diabetic patients during pregnancy.
• Creating a toolkit for schools to manage diabetes in children.
• Designing an educational program for nurses on advanced insulin administration techniques.
• Implementing a community-based diabetes prevention initiative.
• Investigating the psychological impact of diabetes on adolescents.
• Designing a diabetic meal planning guide for busy families.
• Developing a protocol for diabetic patients undergoing surgery.
• Creating a resource for nurses to educate patients about diabetic neuropathy.
• Exploring the link between stress and blood sugar fluctuations.

10 Research Paper Topics in Diabetes Management Nursing

• The role of the gut microbiota in diabetes and metabolic health.
• Pharmacological advancements in Type 2 Diabetes treatment.
• Ethical considerations in diabetes-related research.
• Gender disparities in diabetes prevalence and outcomes.
• The impact of socioeconomic status on diabetes management.
• Nursing interventions for diabetic patients with depression.
• The connection between sleep disorders and Type 2 Diabetes.
• Exploring the effectiveness of diabetic retinopathy screening programs.
• The influence of family support on diabetes self-care behaviors.
• Addressing diabetes-related stigma and its effects on patients.

10 Diabetes Management Nursing Research Questions

• How does personalized nutrition therapy impact glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes?
• What are the barriers to insulin initiation and adherence in elderly diabetic patients?
• How can nurses effectively educate pediatric patients about continuous glucose monitoring?
• What is the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases?
• What strategies can improve medication adherence in culturally diverse diabetic populations?
• How does diabetes management differ in rural vs. urban communities?
• What are the long-term effects of early diabetes education in newly diagnosed patients?
• How can nurses assist pregnant women with Type 1 Diabetes in achieving optimal glycemic control?
• What interventions can nurses implement to prevent diabetic foot ulcers?
• How does technology influence diabetes self-management behaviors in adolescents?

20 Diabetes Management Nursing Research Topics

• The psychological impact of continuous glucose monitoring on diabetic adolescents.
• Exploring the intersection of diabetes and mental health.
• The role of advanced practice nurses in diabetes management.
• Diabetes management in elderly patients: Challenges and solutions.
• The influence of cultural beliefs on dietary choices in diabetic patients.
• Innovative technologies in diabetes care: A double-edged sword?
• The importance of patient education in preventing diabetic complications.
• Diabetes during pregnancy: Risks, management, and outcomes.
• The evolving landscape of insulin therapy: From injections to pumps.
• Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: A complex relationship.
• Diabetic neuropathy: Early detection and patient education.
• The impact of social determinants on diabetes prevalence.
• Gestational diabetes: Short-term risks and long-term implications.
• Nurses as advocates: Addressing discrimination against diabetic patients.
• Promoting physical activity in diabetic children: A nurse’s role.
• Diabetes in low-resource settings: Challenges and innovative solutions.
• The economics of diabetes: Burden on healthcare systems.
• The role of family in supporting diabetes self-management.
• Technology-assisted diabetes education: Pros and cons.
• Diabetic retinopathy: Screening, prevention, and nursing care.

As nursing students, your journey to becoming proficient diabetes management nurses starts here. The comprehensive understanding of diabetes, its management, and the myriad factors influencing it is pivotal. Delving into evidence-based practice projects, capstone ideas, research topics, and essay subjects will undoubtedly enhance your grasp of this critical aspect of healthcare. If you need further assistance, remember that seeking our reliable writing services can aid in producing well-structured, informative, and engaging content.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Diabetes Management Nursing

Q1: What is nursing management of a patient with diabetes? A1: Nursing management of a patient with diabetes involves providing comprehensive care, including medication administration, blood sugar monitoring, patient education, dietary guidance, and support to prevent complications.

Q2: What are the 5 components of diabetes management? A2: The 5 components of diabetes management include medication management, blood sugar monitoring , diet and nutrition planning, physical activity guidance, and patient education.

Q3: What are the basic management of diabetes? A3: Basic diabetes management involves regular blood sugar monitoring, taking prescribed medications as directed, maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in physical activity, and attending regular medical check-ups.

Q4: What are the 4 steps to managing diabetes? A4: The 4 steps to managing diabetes include monitoring blood sugar levels regularly, adhering to prescribed medication regimens, adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle, and staying informed through patient education.

Working On an Assignment With Similar Concepts Or Instructions? ​

A Page will cost you $12, however, this varies with your deadline. 

We have a team of expert nursing writers ready to help with your nursing assignments. They will save you time, and improve your grades. 

Whatever your goals are, expect plagiarism-free works, on-time delivery, and 24/7 support from us.  

Here is your 15% off to get started.  Simply:

• Place your order ( Place Order ) 
• Click on Enter Promo Code after adding your instructions  
• Insert your code –  Get20

All the Best, 

Get A 100% Plagiarism-Free Nursing Paper

Related samples.

• Medical Safety Competency Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example
• Descriptive Analytics in Organizations Comprehensive Solved Nursing Essay Example
• Interventions in the Management of Elderly Persons Comprehensive Solved Nursing Essay Example
• Final Care Coordination Plan Comprehensive Solved Nursing Essay Example
• Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child Comprehensive Solved Nursing Essay Example

Nursing Topics

• Academic Writing Guides
• Advanced Cardiac Care Nursing
• Advanced Community Health Nursing
• Advanced Critical Care Nursing
• Advanced Health Assessment
• Advanced Mental Health Nursing
• Advanced Nursing Ethics
• Advanced Nursing Informatics
• Advanced Occupational Health Nursing
• Advanced Pathophysiology
• Advanced Pediatric Nursing
• Advanced Pharmacology
• Gerontological Nursing
• Healthcare Policy and Advocacy
• Healthcare Quality Improvement
• Nurse Practitioner
• Nursing Education and Curriculum Development
• Nursing Leadership and Management
• Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
• Nursing Theories
• Population Health and Epidemiology
• Assignment Help
• Chamberlain University
• Grand Canyon University (GCU)
• MSN Nursing Papers Examples
• APA NURSING PAPER EXAMPLE
• capstone project
• community health nursing assignments
• comprehensive assessment
• graphic organizer
• Nursing Care Plan
• Nursing Case study
• nursing informatics assignments
• Nursing Leadership Essay
• Shadow Health
• tina jones shadow health
• Windshield Survey Examples
• Nursing Essays
• PICOT Paper Examples
• Walden University
• Women's Health Nursing

Important Links

Knowledge base, utilize our guides & services for flawless nursing papers: custom samples available.

MSNSTUDY.com helps students cope with college assignments and write papers on various topics. We deal with academic writing, creative writing, and non-word assignments.

All the materials from our website should be used with proper references. All the work should be used per the appropriate policies and applicable laws.

Our samples and other types of content are meant for research and reference purposes only. We are strongly against plagiarism and academic dishonesty.

We Accept: 

Key EBP Nursing Topics: Enhancing Patient Results through Evidence-Based Practice

This article was written in collaboration with Christine T. and ChatGPT, our little helper developed by OpenAI.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the use of the best available evidence to inform clinical decision-making in nursing. EBP has become increasingly popular in nursing practice because it ensures that patient care is based on the most current and relevant research. In this article, we will discuss the latest evidence-based practice nursing research topics, how to choose them, and where to find EBP project ideas.

What is Evidence-Based Practice Nursing?

EBP nursing involves a cyclical process of asking clinical questions, seeking the best available evidence, critically evaluating that evidence, and then integrating it with the patient’s clinical experience and values to make informed decisions. By following this process, nurses can provide the best care for their patients and ensure that their practice is informed by the latest research.

One of the key components of EBP nursing is the critical appraisal of research evidence. Nurses must be able to evaluate the quality of studies, including study design, sample size, and statistical analysis. This requires an understanding of research methodology and the ability to apply critical thinking skills to evaluate research evidence.

EBP nursing also involves the use of clinical practice guidelines and protocols, which are evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice. These guidelines have been developed by expert groups and are based on the best available evidence. By following these guidelines, nurses can ensure that their practice is in line with the latest research and can provide the best possible care for their patients.

Finally, EBP nursing involves continuous professional development and a commitment to lifelong learning. Nurses must keep abreast of the latest research and clinical practice guidelines to ensure that their practice is informed by the latest research. This requires a commitment to ongoing learning and professional development, including attending conferences, reading scholarly articles, and participating in continuing education programs.

You can also learn more about evidence-based practice in nursing to gain a deeper understanding of the definition, stages, benefits, and challenges of implementing it.

Medical Studies Overwhelming?

Delegate Your Nursing Papers to the Pros!

Get 15% Discount

+ Plagiarism Report for FREE

How to Choose Evidence-Based Practice Nursing Research Topics

Choosing a science-based topic for nursing practice can be a daunting task, especially if you are new to the field. Here are some tips to help you choose a relevant and interesting EBP topic:

• Look for controversial or debated issues

Look for areas of nursing practice that are controversial or have conflicting evidence. These topics often have the potential to generate innovative and effective research.

• Consider ethical issues

Consider topics related to ethical issues in nursing practice. For example, bereavement care, informed consent , and patient privacy are all ethical issues that can be explored in an EBP project.

• Explore interdisciplinary topics

Nursing practice often involves collaboration with other health professionals such as physicians, social workers, and occupational therapists. Consider interdisciplinary topics that may be useful from a nursing perspective.

• Consider local or regional issues

Consider topics that are relevant to your local or regional healthcare facility. These topics may be relevant to your practice and have a greater impact on patient outcomes in your community.

• Check out the latest research

Review recent research in your area of interest to identify gaps in the literature or areas where further research is needed. This can help you develop a research question that is relevant and innovative.

With these tips in mind, you can expand your options for EBP nursing research topics and find a topic that fits your interests and goals. Remember that patient outcomes should be at the forefront of your research and choose a topic that has the potential to improve treatment and patient outcomes.

Where to Get EBP Project Ideas

There are several sources that nurses can use to get EBP project ideas. These sources are diverse and can provide valuable inspiration for research topics. By exploring these sources, nurses can find research questions that align with their interests and that address gaps in the literature. These include:

• Clinical Practice Guidelines

Look for clinical practice guidelines developed by professional organizations or healthcare institutions. These guidelines provide evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice and can help identify areas where further research is needed.

• Research databases

Explore research databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library to find the latest studies and systematic reviews. These databases can help you identify gaps in the literature and areas where further research is needed.

• Clinical Experts

Consult with clinical experts in your practice area. These experts may have insights into areas where further research is needed or may provide guidance on areas of practice that may benefit from an EBP project.

• Quality Improvement Projects

Review quality improvement projects that have been implemented in your healthcare facility. These projects may identify areas where further research is needed or identify gaps in the literature that could be addressed in an EBP project.

• Patient and family feedback

Consider patient and family feedback to identify areas where further research is needed. Patients and families can provide valuable information about areas of nursing practice that can be improved or that could benefit from further research.

Remember, when searching for ideas for EBP nursing research projects, it is important to consider the potential impact on patient care and outcomes. Select a topic that has the potential to improve patient outcomes and consider the feasibility of the project in terms of time, resources, and access to data. By choosing a topic that matches your interests and goals and is feasible at your institution, you can conduct a meaningful and productive EBP research project in nursing.

Nursing EBP Topics You Can Use in Your Essay

Here are some of the latest evidence-based practice nursing research topics that you can use in your essay or explore further in your own research:

• The impact of telehealth on patient outcomes in primary care
• The use of music therapy to manage pain in post-operative patients
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in reducing stress and anxiety in healthcare workers
• Combating health care-associated infections: a community-based approach
• The impact of nurse-led discharge education on readmission rates for heart failure patients
• The use of simulation in nursing education to improve patient safety
• The effectiveness of early mobilization in preventing post-operative complications
• The use of aromatherapy to manage agitation in patients with dementia
• The impact of nurse-patient communication on patient satisfaction and outcomes
• The effectiveness of peer support in improving diabetes self-management
• The impact of cultural competence training on patient outcomes in diverse healthcare settings
• The use of animal-assisted therapy in managing anxiety and depression in patients with chronic illnesses
• The effectiveness of nurse-led smoking cessation interventions in promoting smoking cessation among hospitalized patients
• Importance of literature review in evidence-based research
• The impact of nurse-led care transitions on hospital readmission rates for older adults
• The effectiveness of nurse-led weight management interventions in reducing obesity rates among children and adolescents
• The impact of medication reconciliation on medication errors and adverse drug events
• The use of mindfulness-based interventions to manage chronic pain in older adults
• The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in reducing hospital-acquired infections
• The impact of patient-centered care on patient satisfaction and outcomes
• The use of art therapy to manage anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing medical procedures
• Pediatric oncology: working towards better treatment through evidence-based research
• The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in improving medication adherence among patients with chronic illnesses
• The impact of team-based care on patient outcomes in primary care settings
• The use of music therapy to improve sleep quality in hospitalized patients
• The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in reducing falls in older adults
• The impact of nurse-led care on maternal and infant outcomes in low-resource settings
• The use of acupressure to manage chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
• The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in promoting breastfeeding initiation and duration
• The impact of nurse-led palliative care interventions on end-of-life care in hospice settings
• The use of hypnotherapy to manage pain in labor and delivery
• The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in reducing hospital length of stay for surgical patients
• The impact of nurse-led transitional care interventions on readmission rates for heart failure patients
• The use of massage therapy to manage pain in hospitalized patients
• The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in promoting physical activity among adults with chronic illnesses
• The impact of technology-based interventions on patient outcomes in mental health settings
• The use of mind-body interventions to manage chronic pain in patients with fibromyalgia
• Optimizing the clarifying diagnosis of stomach cancer
• The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in reducing medication errors in pediatric patients
• The impact of nurse-led interventions on patient outcomes in long-term care settings
• The use of aromatherapy to manage anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization
• The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in improving glycemic control in patients with diabetes
• The impact of nurse-led interventions on patient outcomes in emergency department settings
• The use of relaxation techniques to manage anxiety in patients with cancer
• The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in improving self-management skills among patients with heart failure
• The impact of nurse-led interventions on patient outcomes in critical care settings
• The use of yoga to manage symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis
• The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in promoting medication safety in community settings
• The impact of nurse-led interventions on patient outcomes in home healthcare settings
• The role of family involvement in the rehabilitation of stroke patients
• Assessing the effectiveness of virtual reality in pain management
• The impact of pet therapy on mental well-being in elderly patients
• Exploring the benefits of intermittent fasting on diabetic patients
• The efficacy of acupuncture in managing chronic pain in cancer patients
• Effect of laughter therapy on stress levels among healthcare professionals
• The influence of a plant-based diet on cardiovascular health
• Analyzing the outcomes of nurse-led cognitive behavioral therapy sessions for insomnia patients
• The role of yoga and meditation in managing hypertension
• Exploring the benefits of hydrotherapy in post-operative orthopedic patients
• The impact of digital health applications on patient adherence to medications
• Assessing the outcomes of art therapy in pediatric patients with chronic illnesses
• The role of nutrition education in managing obesity in pediatric patients
• Exploring the effects of nature walks on mental well-being in patients with depression
• The impact of continuous glucose monitoring systems on glycemic control in diabetic patients

The Importance of Incorporating EBP in Nursing Education

Evidence-based practice is not just a tool for seasoned nurses; it’s a foundational skill that should be integrated early into nursing education. By doing so, students learn the mechanics of nursing and the rationale behind various interventions grounded in scientific research.

• Bridging Theory and Practice:

Introducing EBP in the curriculum helps students bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice. They learn how to perform a task and why it’s done a particular way.

• Critical Thinking:

EBP promotes critical thinking. By regularly reviewing and appraising research, students develop the ability to discern the quality and applicability of studies. This skill is invaluable in a rapidly evolving field like healthcare.

• Lifelong Learning:

EBP instills a culture of continuous learning. It encourages nurses to regularly seek out the most recent research findings and adapt their practices accordingly.

• Improved Patient Outcomes:

At the heart of EBP is the goal of enhanced patient care. We ensure patients receive the most effective, up-to-date care by teaching students to base their practices on evidence.

• Professional Development:

Familiarity with EBP makes it easier for nurses to contribute to professional discussions, attend conferences, and conduct research. It elevates their professional stature and opens doors to new opportunities.

To truly prepare nursing students for the challenges of modern healthcare, it’s essential to make EBP a core part of their education.

In summary, evidence-based practice nursing is an essential component of providing quality patient care. As a nurse, it is important to stay up to date on the latest research in the field and incorporate evidence-based practices into your daily work. Choosing a research topic that aligns with your interests and addresses a gap in the literature can lead to valuable contributions to the field of nursing.

When it comes to finding EBP project ideas, there are many sources available, including professional organizations, academic journals, and healthcare conferences. By collaborating with colleagues and seeking feedback from mentors, you can refine your research question and design a study that is rigorous and relevant.

The nursing evidence-based practice topics listed above provide a starting point for further exploration and investigation. By studying the effectiveness of various nursing interventions and techniques, we can continue to improve patient outcomes and deliver better care. Ultimately, evidence-based practice nursing is about using the best available research to inform our decisions and provide the highest quality care possible to our patients.

📎 Related Articles

1. Top Nursing Research Topics for Students and Professionals 2. Nursing Debate Topics: The Importance of Discussing and Debating Nursing Issues 3. Mental Health Nursing Research Topics: Inspiring Ideas for Students 4. Top Nursing Argumentative Essay Topics: Engage in Thought-Provoking Debates 5. Top Nursing Topics for Discussion: Engaging Conversations for Healthcare Professionals 6. Exploring Controversial Issues in Nursing: Key Topics and Examples 7. Pediatric Nursing Research Topics for Students: A Comprehensive Guide

Table of content

Crafted with Care:

Nursing Essays!

Precision, Passion, & Professionalism in Every Page.

Best Nursing Research Topics for Students

What is a nursing research paper.

• What They Include
• Choosing a Topic
• Best Nursing Research Topics
• Research Paper Writing Tips

Writing a research paper is a massive task that involves careful organization, critical analysis, and a lot of time. Some nursing students are natural writers, while others struggle to select a nursing research topic, let alone write about it.

If you're a nursing student who dreads writing research papers, this article may help ease your anxiety. We'll cover everything you need to know about writing nursing school research papers and the top topics for nursing research.  

Continue reading to make your paper-writing jitters a thing of the past.

A nursing research paper is a work of academic writing composed by a nurse or nursing student. The paper may present information on a specific topic or answer a question.

During LPN/LVN and RN programs, most papers you write focus on learning to use research databases, evaluate appropriate resources, and format your writing with APA style. You'll then synthesize your research information to answer a question or analyze a topic.

BSN , MSN , Ph.D., and DNP programs also write nursing research papers. Students in these programs may also participate in conducting original research studies.

Writing papers during your academic program improves and develops many skills, including the ability to:

• Select nursing topics for research
• Conduct effective research
• Analyze published academic literature
• Format and cite sources
• Synthesize data
• Organize and articulate findings

About Nursing Research Papers

When do nursing students write research papers.

You may need to write a research paper for any of the nursing courses you take. Research papers help develop critical thinking and communication skills. They allow you to learn how to conduct research and critically review publications.

That said, not every class will require in-depth, 10-20-page papers. The more advanced your degree path, the more you can expect to write and conduct research. If you're in an associate or bachelor's program, you'll probably write a few papers each semester or term.

Do Nursing Students Conduct Original Research?

Most of the time, you won't be designing, conducting, and evaluating new research. Instead, your projects will focus on learning the research process and the scientific method. You'll achieve these objectives by evaluating existing nursing literature and sources and defending a thesis.

However, many nursing faculty members do conduct original research. So, you may get opportunities to participate in, and publish, research articles.

Example Research Project Scenario:

In your maternal child nursing class, the professor assigns the class a research paper regarding developmentally appropriate nursing interventions for the pediatric population. While that may sound specific, you have almost endless opportunities to narrow down the focus of your writing. 

You could choose pain intervention measures in toddlers. Conversely, you can research the effects of prolonged hospitalization on adolescents' social-emotional development.

What Does a Nursing Research Paper Include?

Your professor should provide a thorough guideline of the scope of the paper. In general, an undergraduate nursing research paper will consist of:

Introduction : A brief overview of the research question/thesis statement your paper will discuss. You can include why the topic is relevant.

Body : This section presents your research findings and allows you to synthesize the information and data you collected. You'll have a chance to articulate your evaluation and answer your research question. The length of this section depends on your assignment.

Conclusion : A brief review of the information and analysis you presented throughout the body of the paper. This section is a recap of your paper and another chance to reassert your thesis.

The best advice is to follow your instructor's rubric and guidelines. Remember to ask for help whenever needed, and avoid overcomplicating the assignment!

How to Choose a Nursing Research Topic

The sheer volume of prospective nursing research topics can become overwhelming for students. Additionally, you may get the misconception that all the 'good' research ideas are exhausted. However, a personal approach may help you narrow down a research topic and find a unique angle.

Writing your research paper about a topic you value or connect with makes the task easier. Additionally, you should consider the material's breadth. Topics with plenty of existing literature will make developing a research question and thesis smoother.

Finally, feel free to shift gears if necessary, especially if you're still early in the research process. If you start down one path and have trouble finding published information, ask your professor if you can choose another topic.

The Best Research Topics for Nursing Students

You have endless subject choices for nursing research papers. This non-exhaustive list just scratches the surface of some of the best nursing research topics.

1. Clinical Nursing Research Topics

• Analyze the use of telehealth/virtual nursing to reduce inpatient nurse duties.
• Discuss the impact of evidence-based respiratory interventions on patient outcomes in critical care settings.
• Explore the effectiveness of pain management protocols in pediatric patients.

2. Community Health Nursing Research Topics

• Assess the impact of nurse-led diabetes education in Type II Diabetics.
• Analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status and access to healthcare services.

3. Nurse Education Research Topics

• Review the effectiveness of simulation-based learning to improve nursing students' clinical skills.
• Identify methods that best prepare pre-licensure students for clinical practice.
• Investigate factors that influence nurses to pursue advanced degrees.
• Evaluate education methods that enhance cultural competence among nurses.
• Describe the role of mindfulness interventions in reducing stress and burnout among nurses.

4. Mental Health Nursing Research Topics

• Explore patient outcomes related to nurse staffing levels in acute behavioral health settings.
• Assess the effectiveness of mental health education among emergency room nurses .
• Explore de-escalation techniques that result in improved patient outcomes.
• Review the effectiveness of therapeutic communication in improving patient outcomes.

5. Pediatric Nursing Research Topics

• Assess the impact of parental involvement in pediatric asthma treatment adherence.
• Explore challenges related to chronic illness management in pediatric patients.
• Review the role of play therapy and other therapeutic interventions that alleviate anxiety among hospitalized children.

6. The Nursing Profession Research Topics

• Analyze the effects of short staffing on nurse burnout .
• Evaluate factors that facilitate resiliency among nursing professionals.
• Examine predictors of nurse dissatisfaction and burnout.
• Posit how nursing theories influence modern nursing practice.

Tips for Writing a Nursing Research Paper

The best nursing research advice we can provide is to follow your professor's rubric and instructions. However, here are a few study tips for nursing students to make paper writing less painful:

Avoid procrastination: Everyone says it, but few follow this advice. You can significantly lower your stress levels if you avoid procrastinating and start working on your project immediately.

Plan Ahead: Break down the writing process into smaller sections, especially if it seems overwhelming. Give yourself time for each step in the process.

Research: Use your resources and ask for help from the librarian or instructor. The rest should come together quickly once you find high-quality studies to analyze.

Outline: Create an outline to help you organize your thoughts. Then, you can plug in information throughout the research process. 

Clear Language: Use plain language as much as possible to get your point across. Jargon is inevitable when writing academic nursing papers, but keep it to a minimum.

Cite Properly: Accurately cite all sources using the appropriate citation style. Nursing research papers will almost always implement APA style. Check out the resources below for some excellent reference management options.

Revise and Edit: Once you finish your first draft, put it away for one to two hours or, preferably, a whole day. Once you've placed some space between you and your paper, read through and edit for clarity, coherence, and grammatical errors. Reading your essay out loud is an excellent way to check for the 'flow' of the paper.

Helpful Nursing Research Writing Resources:

Purdue OWL (Online writing lab) has a robust APA guide covering everything you need about APA style and rules.

Grammarly helps you edit grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Upgrading to a paid plan will get you plagiarism detection, formatting, and engagement suggestions. This tool is excellent to help you simplify complicated sentences.

Mendeley is a free reference management software. It stores, organizes, and cites references. It has a Microsoft plug-in that inserts and correctly formats APA citations.

Don't let nursing research papers scare you away from starting nursing school or furthering your education. Their purpose is to develop skills you'll need to be an effective nurse: critical thinking, communication, and the ability to review published information critically.

Choose a great topic and follow your teacher's instructions; you'll finish that paper in no time.

Joleen Sams is a certified Family Nurse Practitioner based in the Kansas City metro area. During her 10-year RN career, Joleen worked in NICU, inpatient pediatrics, and regulatory compliance. Since graduating with her MSN-FNP in 2019, she has worked in urgent care and nursing administration. Connect with Joleen on LinkedIn or see more of her writing on her website.

Plus, get exclusive access to discounts for nurses, stay informed on the latest nurse news, and learn how to take the next steps in your career.

By clicking “Join Now”, you agree to receive email newsletters and special offers from Nurse.org. We will not sell or distribute your email address to any third party, and you may unsubscribe at any time by using the unsubscribe link, found at the bottom of every email.

Log in using your username and password

• Search More Search for this keyword Advanced search
• Latest content
• Current issue
• Write for Us
• BMJ Journals More You are viewing from: Google Indexer

You are here

• Online First
• Peer support, continuity and coordinated care between health professionals are valued by women with type 1 diabetes in pregnancy
• Article Text
• Article info
• Citation Tools
• Rapid Responses
• Article metrics

• Sonia Butalia ,
• Lois Donovan
• Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
• Correspondence to Dr Sonia Butalia, Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; sbutalia{at}ucalgary.ca

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebnurs-2024-103955

Statistics from Altmetric.com

Request permissions.

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.

Commentary on: Toledo-Chavarri A, Delgado J, Rodriguez-Martin B. Perspectives of women living with type one diabetes regarding preconception and antenatal care: A qualitative evidence synthesis. Health Expectations . 2023;27:e13876.

Implications for practice and research

Enhanced peer support and coordinated care between health professionals are needed to address concerns of women with type 1 diabetes in pregnancy.

The experiences and perceptions of diverse groups of women with type 1 diabetes need further exploration in order to ensure equitable care.

While guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for women with type 1 diabetes in pregnancy, women’s perceptions of these recommendations are not well-known. Toledo-Chavarri and colleagues explore these perceptions and found that continuity of care, coordination between health professionals and services, and a more holistic approach are key aspects that are needed for more acceptable, feasible and equitable peripartum care. 1

Of the 84 citations retrieved, 10 studies included women living with type 1 diabetes prior to, during and after pregnancy. Women living with type 1 diabetes had a variety of experiences, and importantly, continuity of care, coordination between healthcare professionals and services, as well as a more holistic approach, were endorsed for more acceptable, feasible and equitable pregnancy-related care. 1 Access was the main topic related to equity, but importantly, the included studies did not explore the experiences of women from diverse ethnicities and/or socioeconomic backgrounds.

Managing type 1 diabetes through pregnancy poses complex demands on women that have been described by some as all consuming. 2 Minor improvements in glucose have been shown to have major benefits in neonatal health. 3 Thus, it is important that clinicians understand the needs of such women they support through pregnancy in order to enhance their self-efficacy and provide them with effective care. This evidence synthesis provides a consolidated collection of the existing research and areas for clinicians to address. However, if clinicians are going to realise this, they need more diverse opinions on this topic, and notably, there was minimal diversity among women participating in the included studies.

Despite this limitation, important aspects of care should start to be addressed by care providers and researchers, such as intentional peer support. Future research is also needed to find the best way to address the identified need for coordinated care between the many health professionals involved in the care of women with type 1 diabetes. Interventions such as intentional peer support, cross-disciplinary clinics, formally scheduled care team meetings or the use of patient navigators, and a patient support intervention which has led to improved outcomes in another complex area of diabetes care 4 merit consideration.

Automated insulin delivery (AID) holds promise to reduce the burden of diabetes management in pregnancy for women with type 1 diabetes and has been shown to result in more positive pregnancy experiences. 5 The opinions of women with type 1 diabetes and their care providers surrounding AID and support women and care providers desire for their use are emphasised by qualitative studies that were too recent to be included in this synthesis. 5 6

In general, clinical guidelines are based on available evidence and/or expert opinion. Importantly, this study’s findings underscore the importance of patient engagement and partnerships in defining clinical priorities as well as research priorities, their methods, knowledge translation and implementation.

• Toledo-Chavarri A ,
• Delgado J ,
• Rodríguez-Martín B
• Ingersoll K ,
• Gonder-Frederick L , et al
• Donovan LE ,
• Corcoy R , et al
• Butalia S ,
• Crawford SG ,
• McGuire KA , et al
• Kimbell B ,
• Closs M , et al
• Kimbell B , et al

Twitter @Sonia_ButaliaMD

Competing interests SB has no competing interests to declare. LD reports in-kind donations, loan and reduced cost for study supplies for investigator-initiated trials from Medtronic, Dexcom, Tandem Diabetes Care and Inter-analytics.

Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

Read the full text or download the PDF:

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• J Healthc Eng
• v.2022; 2022

This article has been retracted.

Study on the nursing effect of diabetes health education nursing methods applied to diabetes patients in the endocrinology department, jianhua wang.

Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China

Associated Data

The simulation experiment data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

The aim of this study was to explore the nursing effect of diabetes education and nursing methods applied to diabetic patients in the endocrinology department. From October 2019 to October 2020, 90 patients with diabetes who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology in our hospital were selected as the research objects, and the medical records of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 45 patients who were given regular care as the control group and 45 patients who were given the diabetes health education care model as the experimental group. Routine care was given to patients in the routine group; that is, we paid attention to the patients' diet, medication, and blood glucose levels. The experimental group patients were given diabetes health education guidance. The nursing effect, blood sugar level, disease awareness level, occurrence of complications, and compliance of the two groups of patients were evaluated. In this study, diabetes health education was given to the experimental group of patients. The conditions of this group of patients were significantly better than those of the basic group using conventional nursing methods. Therefore, the application of diabetes health education is very effective. The recovery from the disease has positive significance.

1. Introduction

Diabetes is a very common disease in the entire clinic. It belongs to the endocrine system disease. It not only has great harm but also the patient's organs and systems will suffer very serious damage, and sometimes, it may even cause it. Diabetic feet and diabetic kidneys, as well as various diseases such as chloasma of the fundus and peripheral audit damage, directly lead to a continuous decrease in the quality of life of patients [ 1 – 3 ]. In clinical medicine, there is no good method for the treatment of diabetes at this stage, but more attention is paid to the patient's comprehensive life intervention, which can effectively improve the prognosis and prevent the complications of diabetes. The treatment of diabetes is a long process, so it is very important to do a good job of health education during the treatment. Diabetes, as the most common chronic disease, has a very high clinical incidence. The patient's long-term high blood sugar state will cause blood vessels and organs to develop diseases, trigger a variety of complications, and threaten patients' life safety in severe cases. For diabetic patients, long-term medications to control blood sugar are needed, but adverse emotions will also affect the treatment during the treatment of the patient's disease, which will reduce the patient's treatment compliance. If the patient's knowledge of the disease is poor, it will also reduce their treatment compliance [ 4 – 6 ].

2. Materials and Methods

General information: 90 diabetic patients admitted to our hospital's Department of Endocrinology from October 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the research objects, and the medical records of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 45 patients who were given regular care as the control group 45 patients who were given diabetes health education and nursing mode as the experimental group, and the general data such as gender and age of the two groups were compared. There was no statistical difference.

Routine care was given to patients in the routine group; that is, we paid attention to the patient's diet, medication, and blood glucose levels. The experimental group patients were given diabetes health education guidance, and the main operation methods are as follows: Firstly, a diabetes education and nursing research team is built. The director of the endocrinology department, professional diabetes-attending physicians, nursing physicians, head nurses, and key nurses in the department, combined with nutritionists and psychologists, jointly formed a diabetes healthcare research team in the hospital. Secondly, when the patient comes to the hospital for treatment, the nursing staff should enthusiastically and actively communicate with the patient and their family members about the patient's condition, fully grasp the patient's understanding of diabetes, life, eating habits, and physical conditions, and then, build an electronic account of the patient's condition. They should file and continue to improve in the future treatment process. At the same time, it is necessary for the attending physician in the undergraduate room to inform patients on how to control blood sugar so that patients can realize the importance of effective blood sugar control and then effectively control the development of their own disease and complications. Thirdly, during the patient's hospitalization, nursing staff should distribute diabetes health education brochures or leaflets to every patient and appropriately explain the pathogenesis, types, related complications, and correct methods of how to control blood sugar to patients. At the same time, the director of the endocrinology department should regularly organize patients to give lectures on the condition of “diabetes” so that patients can fully understand the correct methods of personal hygiene, diet, exercise, and medication after illness and promote patients in future treatment to eat healthy, exercise rationally, and use scientific medications so that blood sugar can be effectively controlled and patients' self-management ability can be improved so that the continued development of the disease can be controlled and the incidence of complications can be reduced. In addition, the nursing staff should also carry out appropriate education and publicity to the family members of the patients so that the family members can assist the patients in the control of the disease as much as possible and supervise the patients to carry out effective self-management. Finally, nursing staff should patiently instruct patients when they are discharged from the hospital and at the same time, according to the conditions of different patients, formulate relevant care plans and instruct patients to come to the hospital for review on a regular basis. Nursing staff should conduct regular telephone follow-ups after the patients are discharged from the hospital, to grasp the patient's recovery and adjust the care plan in time for the patients' recovery so that the patients can get better care. The department should also set up a consultation hotline to provide convenience for patients' consultation after discharge. It can also establish a patients' WeChat group so that different patients can discuss their conditions together, share treatment experiences, and encourage each other. The nursing effect, blood sugar level, disease awareness level, occurrence of complications, and compliance of the two groups of patients were evaluated. SPSS 22.0 software was used to perform statistics on the data in the text, t and chi-square were regarded as test indicators, and P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically different.

3.1. Comparison of General Information of the Two Groups of Patients

By comparing the general information of the two groups of patients, it was found that there was no significant statistical difference between the patients in terms of gender, age, and time of illness ( P > 0.05). Table 1 shows the comparison of general information of the two groups of patients.

Comparison of general information of the two groups of patients.

3.2. Comparison of Nursing Effects between the Two Groups of Patients

After comparing the nursing effect of the two groups of patients, it was found that the nursing effect of the experimental group was better and the total effective rate was higher. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Table 2 is a comparative analysis of the nursing effect of the two groups of patients.

Comparative analysis of the nursing effect of the two groups of patients (%).

3.3. Differences in Blood Glucose Levels and Disease Awareness between the Two Groups

After comparing the blood glucose levels and disease cognition levels of the two groups of patients, it was found that compared with the control group, the fasting blood glucose and the 2 h postmeal blood glucose levels of the experimental group were lower, and the difference was statistically significant. In addition, compared with the control group, the disease cognition level of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Table 3 displays the comparison of blood glucose level and disease awareness level.

Comparison of blood glucose level and disease awareness level ( x  ±  s ).

3.4. Comparison of Complications

Comparing the incidence of the two groups of patients, it was found that the complication rate in the experimental group was 6.7%, including 1 case of hypoglycemia and 2 cases of heart failure. The complication rate of the control group was 11%, including 2 cases of hypoglycemia. There were 2 cases of heart failure and 3 cases of angina pectoris. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.05).

3.5. Compliance Assessment of the Two Groups of Patients

The effective rate of treatment compliance assessment in the experimental group was 91.1%, which was significantly higher than the 75.6% in the control group ( P < 0.05). Table 4 shows the compliance assessment of the two groups of patients.

Compliance assessment of the two groups of patients.

4. Conclusions

Diabetes patients have higher blood sugar, which is generally caused by autoimmune problems, obesity, environment, genetics, and other factors. Diabetes is caused by a variety of factors. The patients in this study all belong to type 2 diabetes, and diabetes can be controlled by taking medicine. According to related studies, it is difficult to achieve better curative effect if only relying on drugs to treat diabetes, but health education can improve the treatment effect of diabetes. Medical staff should implement health education for patients with diabetes, which can greatly improve patients' compliance with treatment [ 7 , 8 ].

Nursing staff can use various forms to carry out health education. Nursing staff can analyze the patient's condition in detail and formulate a targeted education program based on the patient's condition. The patient's awareness of diabetes can be improved through demonstration, training, and seminars. The content of health education includes blood glucose testing methods, the significance of blood glucose control, and the normal range of blood glucose; the mechanism, symptoms, prognosis, and types of diabetes; methods, goals, and meanings of diet control; the amount of exercise during exercise, the choice of exercise time, etc; the impact of negative emotions on diseases and how to control negative emotions; side effects, indications, dosages, and time of administration of hypoglycemic drugs; and use, storage, injection methods and dosages of insulin. Through health education, patients can actively cooperate with the nursing staff and scientifically control their own behavior and diet, thereby gradually improving the treatment effect. Through this research, we know that the application of diabetes health education in endocrine patients can gradually increase the patient's treatment compliance and improve the patient's diet, behavior, and psychological status, which has a positive significance in improving the treatment effect [ 9 , 10 ].

Diabetes is a metabolic disease. Most diabetic patients are accompanied by endocrine disorders. If not intervened in time, it is likely to lead to metabolic disorders, vascular disease, and serious development of the disease and can even threaten the lives of patients. Relevant studies have shown that endocrine disorders in diabetic patients are mostly related to living habits, work habits, and eating habits. Patients do not have a clear understanding of their own diseases and will not exercise self-control in their daily lives, resulting in poor treatment and prognosis. Therefore, in order to better ensure the treatment effect of diabetic patients, it is necessary to pay attention to health education in clinical practice. Through scientific and effective health education, we should help patients correct their bad living habits and eating habits. At the same time, we should let patients realize the importance of taking medication on time, thereby improving patient compliance with medication and improving treatment effects. Therefore, it is of great significance to do a good job of health education in the endocrine care of diabetic patients [ 11 ].

Nursing staff can use various forms to carry out health education. Nursing staff can analyze the patient's condition in detail and formulate a targeted education program based on the patient's condition. The patient's awareness of diabetes can be improved through demonstration, training, and seminars. The content of health education includes blood glucose testing methods, the significance of blood glucose control, and the normal range of blood glucose; the mechanism, symptoms, prognosis, and types of diabetes; methods, goals, and meanings of diet control; the amount of exercise during exercise, the choice of exercise time, etc.; the impact of negative emotions on diseases and how to control negative emotions; side effects, indications, dosages, and time of administration of hypoglycemic drugs; and use, storage, injection methods and dosages of insulin. Through health education, patients can actively cooperate with the nursing staff and scientifically control their own behavior and diet, thereby gradually improving the treatment effect. Through this study, it is known that the application of diabetes health education in endocrine patients can gradually increase the patient's treatment compliance and improve the patient's diet, behavior, and psychological status, which has a positive significance in improving the treatment effect [ 12 – 14 ].

In this study, by comparing the general information of the two groups of patients, it was found that the patients had no significant statistical differences in gender, age, and time of illness ( P > 0.05). After comparing the nursing effect of the two groups of patients, it was found that the nursing effect of the experimental group was better, and the total effective rate was higher [ 15 – 17 ]. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.05) [ 18 – 20 ]. By comparing the blood glucose levels and disease cognition levels of the two groups of patients, it was found that compared with the control group, the fasting blood glucose and the 2 h postmeal blood glucose levels of the experimental group were lower, and the difference was statistically significant. In addition, compared with the control group, the disease cognition level of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05) [ 21 , 22 ]. Comparing the incidence of the two groups of patients, it was found that the complication rate in the experimental group was 6.7%, including 1 case of hypoglycemia and 2 cases of heart failure. The complication rate of the control group was 11%, including 2 cases of hypoglycemia. There were 2 cases of heart failure and 3 cases of angina pectoris. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The effective rate of treatment compliance assessment in the experimental group was 91.1%, which was significantly higher than the 75.6% in the control group ( P < 0.05).

In summary, in this study, the experimental group of patients was given diabetes health education. The conditions of this group of patients were significantly better than those of the basic group of patients using conventional nursing methods. Therefore, the application of diabetes health education is extremely effective. Also, it has a positive significance for the recovery of the disease.

Data Availability

Conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.