phd in education in turkey

Educational Administration and Planning Ph.D. Program Course Descriptions

Ph.D. Courses

Required Courses

4540604 Multivariate Statistical Techniques in Education 

Students with some educational statistics background learn advanced statistical techniques with the aid of computer packages, such as SPSS and LISREL. The course focuses on multiple linear regression, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), repeated measure analysis, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), factorial analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, principle component analysis, and path analysis.

4540695 Research Seminar in Educational Sciences 

Development of doctoral dissertations and projects and presentations of plans. The course which is intended for students who have identified a reasonably narrow area for research will assist them in design, methods and other matters of concern in the preparation of an acceptable dissertation or project proposal. The course involves presentations, group discussions, and critiques.

4540699 Ph.D. Dissertation

4540900-999 Special Topics

Area Courses

4540515 Organizational Psychology

Human problems in organizations. Organizational perspectives of human nature and motivation. Leadership and participation. Inter group problems in organizations. Organizations as dynamic and developing systems.

4540516 Group Dynamics and Leadership

An analysis of primary and secondary group dynamics. Dynamics of organizational behavior. Conflict in organizations. Several leadership theories and their applicability in Turkey and other developing countries.

4540517 Educational Organization and Design 

An investigation in organizations in terms of their design, climates and the other characteristics as well as the theories, with the emphasis on educational organizations. Study of various issues and problems in Turkish educational organizations.

4540520 Strategic Planning in Higher Education

Theoretical background of strategic planning, basic steps of carrying out a strategic planning in public institutions. Based on a case study design, this course provides hands-on experience on strategic planning through which students can apply a similar framework in carrying out a strategic planning process in school organizations as well as in other public and nonprofit organizations.

4540524 Gap Analysis in Educational Organizations

This course is intended to help students develop an understanding of and practice the use of a specific type of organizational problem solving approach (Gap Analysis) for the purposes of performance improvement. In the first part of the course students are provided with an overview of organizational problem solving approaches and decision making, as well as job performance. Then the gap analysis approach to organizational problem solving is introduce. Students learn how to use this diagnostic and treatment selection and evaluation tool to be able to analyze and support the goals and progress of people/teams in educational organizations where learning and motivation are required to achieve goals. It is a three-credit graduate level seminar and students will be expected to attend class, be current with the issues, understand relevant background and learn to conduct a gap analysis on a performance problem in educational organizations.

4540525 Systems Analysis in Education 

An in-depth study of the concepts: Systems and Systems Analysis, A reconsideration of education as a system. Meaning and development of MIS in education. Introduction to techniques in Systems Analysis: Flow Charts, Simulation, PERT, CPM, Linear Programming, Game Theory, and other applications.

4540526 Economics of Education

Theory of the Formation of Human Capital. Contribution of education to economic growth. Microeconomics of Education: Study of the effectiveness of educational systems.

4540533 Total Quality Management in Education

Acquire an adequate understanding of the theory of total quality management as a way of continuous improvement and the skills necessary to implement it in the field of education.

4540527 Finance and Educational Planning

4540511 Supervisory Techniques I

4540512 Administrative Processes

4540513 Administrative Problems in Education

4540534 Critical Texts on the Politics of Education

This course is an extended introduction to the controversial structural issues surrounding educational institutions and practices in society. By focusing on the major theoretical approaches that are useful in examining and re-considering the immanent regularities of the school as a dynamic organism, this course is organized around a couple of overlapping circles of analysis. One of the major circle will focus on the issues of ecology of education; examining the ways in which schools are embedded within social, historical, and cultural contexts, the recognition of pedagogical domain as a site of (re)producing the technologies of collaboration with the families and the communities in the circuits of reciprocity principle, and the role in producing or transforming the existing power relations in society. Another circle will offer critical engagement with intra-institutional centers, i.e. a complex set of authority patterns and governance structures, rituals, micro practices established around the students, administrators, and teachers, and foundations of morality. This course does not offer a continuous reflection on the contemporary issues of education, but inhabits instead back and forth encounters of micro and macro level of historically and culturally sedimented discourses of that root silently within these circles.

4540607 Issues in Educational Administration  

A course on international and national aspects of transformation, innovation, and critical issues in school administration in the 1990s.

4540610 Educational Leadership and Change  

A course on educational leadership. Theoretical approaches to educational leadership, organizational development. The importance of leadership as a change in educational setting with a special reference to reforming Turkish educational system.

4540617 Restructing Educational Organizations  

An in-depth study of organizational change and restructuring in education. Information age, `The new world order, and education, emerging theoretical issues in the concept of education, magnitude and scale of emerging issues and problems related to educational organizations, and the explorations of change alternatives for the Turkish education al system

4540619 Organization and Administration of Higher Education

This course is intended to help students to gain understanding of colleges and universities as organizations and be able to use organizational theories to describe, analyze, and address higher education problems particularly as it applies to Higher Education in Turkey. Students will investigate higher education organizations by critically reviewing theories of organizational behavior and governance. We will discuss the theoretical underpinnings of these organizations and apply them to real and hypothetical situations in order to develop an understanding of how authority and power are exercised in higher education. When viewing post-secondary education through an organizational analysis, a broader view is taken looking at the entire system internally and externally. The first half of the course will be more theory driven while in the second half more attention will be paid to activities that universities engage in. As this is doctoral level seminar course, it will focus on deep readings of texts, constructive critique, and presentations in a collegial and reciprocal learning environment. Students will be expected to attend class, be up to date with the issues facing higher education, and actively engage in course discussion.

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Educational Administration, Supervision and Planning (Ph. D.)

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COURSE CONTENTS

COMPULSORY COURSES

ARM 600-Research Methods in Education

The course aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills in research methodology and assist them in developing an effective and successful research proposal. The topics to be covered are: action research, classroom observation, data collection methods, statistical methods, analyzing and interpreting data using the SPSS software for quantitative research and/or qualitative research analysis software (Nvivo, Atlas.ti), writing research proposal, research ethics, quantitative, qualitative and mixed research methodologies and experimental research.

EYD 601-Comparative Educational Administration

The course presents fundamental principles related to Educational Administration with a comparative approach.  Educational administration philosophies and applications of leading countries will be investigated and compared.  The main objectives are to understand the structure of educational administration run by the authorities, identify the strengths and weaknesses of current applications and compare them with the homeland applications and philosophies.  

EYD 603-Advanced Statistics

This course consolidates knowledge of the advanced statistical techniques, including general linear modelling, multiple regression analysis and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Proficiency is acquired in the use of SPSS for the purpose of undertaking complex statistical analysis of educational data. The course prepares students to undertake dissertations and to conduct professional research by applying multi variance analysis like ANAVO, MANOVA, ANCOVA.

EYD 602-Comparative Educational Supervision

The course presents fundamental concepts related to Educational Supervision with a comparative approach.  Educational supervision philosophies and applications of leading countries are investigated and compared. The main objectives are to understand the structure of educational supervision run by the authorities, overview the strategic planning issues, gather and compare information related to supervisor education.

TSEM 680-THESIS SEMINAR

In the seminar course, students learn how to write their thesis proposal, which consists of the statement of the problem, significance and purpose of the study, research questions and hypothesis, etc. They should also write a concise literature review and provide information about the prospective participants, design of the study, instrumentation, as well as data collection and data analysis procedures.  

QUAL 600-QUALIFICATION EXAM

Students have to register for the qualification exam at the beginning of the semester and have to pass the written and oral examination in which the field knowledge is tested. Students will be assessed in terms of the subjects that are thought during the first three semesters and the general topics that cover the field.    

THES 690-Dissertation I

Students are expected to choose a subject that is relevant and beneficial to the field and write their dissertation according to the rules and guidelines that are supplied by the Graduate School. The first three sections including Introduction, Literature Review and Methodology must be written during the semester. At the end of the semester, the work completed by the students must be presented to the   dissertation   jury that is formed by Graduate School.

* Monitoring 1: The dates for presentation of the work completed will be announced by the Graduate School. 

THES 690-Dissertation II

Students are expected to apply the planned methodology that is presented in Dissertation 1. Findings and Interpretations must be written according to the guidelines of the Institution within a scientific manner; Results, Conclusion and Recommendations sections must be written within a holistic point of view stating the benefits of the research to the field of literature.  At the end of the semester, the dissertation must be presented to the dissertation jury that is formed by  the Graduate School.

* Monitoring 2: The dates for presentation of the work completed will be announced by the Graduate School.

THES 690-Dissertation III

Students are expected to finish the work under the required conditions of the Graduate school (the quality of the methodology applied, accepted plagiarism percentages) and a publication that is drawn from the dissertation must be accomplished under the framework of Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).

SUBJECT ELECTIVE COURSES

EYD605-Organizational Behavior

The course presents fundamental concepts in organizational behavior such as the concept of organization, individual behavior in organizations, motivation theories, groups in organizations, power and policy Issues, leadership and leadership theories, decision making in organizations, similarities and differences between the structure of non-profit and for-profit organizations.

EYD607-Analysis of Education Policies

The course focuses on the relationship between education and policy, the structure of the organizations that identify and apply educational policies, the problems of policy making. Students are expected to understand and state the differences between educational policies in EU, US and the homeland applications.

EYD606-Supervision of Instruction

This course will study the ways in which principals can incorporate instructional leadership into their organizational behavior and work with teachers to create instructional practices that raise the level of teaching and learning in the classroom. Students will learn how to use aspects of effective teaching strategies when working with teachers during the observation/walk-through process.

EYD608 -new Trends and Approaches in Educational Supervision

The course aims to present the latest approaches in Educational Administration, Supervision and Planning as well as the criticism of the traditional and modern supervision philosophies and applications. The comparative approach of the course aims to help students to review the literature in the field.  

EYD 613-Leadership

The course contains the leadership theory and its effect to governmental and anon governmental organizations in both finance and education sector. Leadership styles, leadership types that are adopted by administrators and the organization workers.  

EYD 615-Qualitative Research Design and Analysis

The course contains the aspects of qualitative research design, data collection tools and data analysis techniques. Students are expected to create a research model by using different data collection tools as interviews, observation and documentation. Triangulation of the three techniques will be also encouraged to enrich the data collected which can be helpful during the dissertation process for mixed methodology designs.

FREL 500-Free Elective Course

An elective course that can be chosen form other departments of the university including similar contents and course activities.  

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• 2. Semester
• 3. Semester
• 4. Semester
• 5. Semester
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English Language Teaching (Ph.D.)

Graduate programs.

• English Language Teaching (M.A. with thesis)
• English Literature (M.A. with thesis)
• English Literature (Ph.D.)

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Program description (for the downloadable flyer version, click here ).

The Ph.D. program in ELT (English Language Teaching) aims to equip our graduates with a multidisciplinary, critical outlook on language research. Upon graduation, alumni of the ELT Ph.D. program are equipped with the skills necessary for synthesizing, critically assessing, and improving theoretical and practical findings in contemporary research on language, as well as language learning and teaching. Based on the vast fieldwork experience gained in the program, as their future academic career paths, our graduates can undertake large-scale qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research in areas of (cross-cultural) educational studies, as well as theoretical or applied linguistics.

The Ph.D. program in English Language Teaching provides wide-ranging interdisciplinary training as it enables students to enroll in two tracks:

1) Language Education Track

2) Language Studies Track

Ph.D. graduates acquire a firm theoretical and practical knowledge based on social, cultural, and individual variables of language learning to improve the practices of national English language teaching and learning by analyzing current theories and applications in ESL/EFL and/or (applied) linguistics and make significant contributions to the field of language studies or language learning/teaching studies.

The graduates of the Ph.D. program in ELT can work as academicians and researchers and advisors at higher education institutions and research centers both nationally and internationally working in diverse fields within the language sciences. The graduates may also work as teacher educators of pre-service and in-service teachers in the field of English Language Teaching.

Ph.D. Degree Requirements

The Ph.D. program in ELT requires students to enroll in either Language Education Track or Language Studies Track based on the interest areas they would like to specialize in.

In order to complete the Ph.D. program, students should take a total of 2 must courses, 5 elective courses, 4 non-credit courses and write a Ph.D. Thesis. Upon the completion of course requirements, Ph.D. candidates are required to pass a written and an oral exam in their concentration areas. The successful candidates focus on their thesis work for the rest of their candidacy period.

Regardless of the entrance year of the program, it has been decided to implement these course statuses for all students who will come to the graduation stage since the Fall semester of the 2022-2023 Academic Year.

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24 PhD Degrees in Turkey for 2024

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Ph.D. in Management

Ibn haldun university.

• Başakşehir, Turkey

The Ph.D. program’s mission is to educate students from across the globe who aspire to become scholars and make new contributions to management. We bring together our first-class faculty and cutting-edge research methods in an immersive, exciting study environment where the next generation of management scholars can refine their expertise.

Ph.D. in New Media and Communication

Ibn Haldun University's Doctoral Program in New Media and Communication provides theoretical information on new media and communication with practical applications to meet industry-specific expectations and requirements and meet the field's academic needs. Students enrolled in the program will be involved in the doctoral process by completing theoretical and practical courses at the doctoral level for two years.

Ph.D. in Psychology

The Ph.D. program in Psychology at Ibn Haldun University provides a vibrant research-led environment that allows students to combine theory and practice. To support their research, the university has developed an infrastructure with several psychological research laboratories, equipment such as state-of-the-art eye-tracking and visual presentation facilities, and a purpose-built observation room for behavioral experiments.

Medical School

Kafkas university.

• Kars, Turkey

English, Turkish

The mission of Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, in addition to the mission undertaken by our university, is to meet the health needs of the country, to educate researchers and physicians who consider public health and preventive medicine, to raise all kinds of expectations of their patients in health services by applying the latest scientific and technological developments in the world, to meet in a quality, effective and efficient manner and to be a medical center opening to the Caucasus .

PHD in Anatomy

Bezmialem vakif university.

• Adnan Menderes Bulvarı, Turkey

Our department was founded in 2011. The education programs offered in our department are conducted under the "Thesis Postgraduate Degree Program" which is affiliated to Bezmialem Foundation University Health Sciences Institute. In Anatomy Thesis Postgraduate Program provided by our department; classical macroscopic anatomy education as well as neuroanatomy and clinical anatomy education are focused on. Graduates of postgraduate anatomy graduate with a "postgraduate degree".

PHD in Dentistry

Dicle university.

• Diyarbakır, Turkey

Main Science: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Oral Dental Maxillofacial Radiology Pediatric Dentistry Endodontics (Canal Treatment) Orthodontics Periodontology Restorative Dentistry Prosthetic Dentistry

PROMOTIONAL PROGRAM ROBOTICS AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

Türkisch-deutsche universität.

• Istanbul, Turkey

Robotics and intelligent systems is an interdisciplinary engineering department that deals with data collection and processing and their application-oriented use in industrial processes and is constantly developing with contributions from various areas of knowledge such as mechatronics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer and industrial engineering.

Ph.D. Business Administration

Yasar university.

• Izmir, Turkey

Yasar University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Business Administration Doctoral Program is designed to develop a research culture, and workable management approach in national and also international level by conveying modern management practices and theoretical approaches in the business world where the competition is growing rapidly.

Ph.D. Finance

The field of Finance is one of the disciplines that provide many high-quality job opportunities all around the world. The demand for the study of Finance is increasing, which in turn, increases the need for academicians specializing in Finance. Additionally, the development of new complex financial products and instruments has triggered a profound change in the practice of Finance, necessitating more researchers and managers with quantitative skills that can be obtained during a Ph.D. study. The Ph.D. program in Finance aims to satisfy the needs of both the academic world and the capital markets for highly-qualified researchers and managers.

Ph.D. in Finance and Banking

Kadir has university.

Kadir Has University Finance and Banking Doctorate (Ph.D.) Program serves individuals who are interested in pursuing a career in finance either as an academic in universities or as a professional in finance sector institutions and organizations. Considering the value of time, students must select courses according to the specialization that they seek to achieve a maximum possible benefit in their learning and thesis research endeavors.

Ph.D. in Sociology

Maltepe university.

Sociology PhD Program aspires to educate sociologists who analytically look at people, society and dynamics in societies in the light of different techniques based on the basic theories and concepts of Sociology, understand, interpret, implement them, and conduct sociological research on various social issues in the light of this information, and make original contributions to the field at theoretical and methodological levels.

PhD in Bioinformatics and Genetics

Biology, biotechnology and biosciences have been rapidly developing since 2000. To handle the data produced, computer technology is required due to the excessive amount of data.

PhD in Business Administration

Izmir university of economics.

Ph.D. Program in Business Administration is completely customizable and is open to executives who want to gain theoretical knowledge in business or aspiring academicians.Students are provided with the opportunity to specialize in one of six sub-branches of Business Administration. These branches are Management, Marketing, Accounting, Production and Technology Management, and Logistics Management.

PhD in Civil Engineering

Hasan kalyoncu university.

• Gaziantep, Turkey

Our Masters in Electrical and Electronic Engineering is an advanced course designed for engineering graduates to enhance their skills in this area of high technology.

PhD in Computer Engineering

Ever increasing the spread of information technology into people’s daily life calls for a constantly escalating intensity in scientific research and study. The Computer Engineering doctorate program, with this intention, paves the way for students to contribute to the world of science by giving them all the tools and the know-how required for an advanced study.

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PhD Degrees in Turkey

Universities in Turkey provide either two or four years of education for undergraduate studies, while graduate programs last a minimum of two years. There are around 820 higher education institutions in Turkey including 76 universities with a total student enrollment of over 1 million. The quality of education at the Turkish universities varies greatly, some providing education and facilities on par with internationally renowned schools.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.

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PhD in Turkey

Bursa Technical University

Phd ( bioengineering ).

• Bioengineering

Galatasaray University

Phd ( philosophy ).

Necmettin Erbakan University

Phd ( biomedical engineering ).

• Biomedical Engineering

Why Study PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Turkey

1. Quality Education: Turkish universities offer a diverse range of PhD programs across various disciplines, providing high-quality education and internationally recognized degrees.

2. Research Opportunities: Pursuing a PhD in Turkey allows you to engage in cutting-edge research projects and collaborate with renowned academics and researchers in your field.

3. Affordable Tuition: Tuition fees for PhD programs in Turkey are often more affordable compared to many Western countries, making it a cost-effective option for advanced studies.

4. Scholarship Opportunities: Turkey offers various scholarships for international students, such as the Turkiye Scholarships program and university-specific scholarships, which can help cover tuition fees, accommodation, and living expenses.

5. Cultural Diversity: Turkey's rich cultural heritage and geographical location between Europe and Asia provide a unique cultural experience for international students.

6. Language of Instruction: Many PhD programs in Turkey are offered in English, eliminating language barriers and facilitating international collaboration.

7. Research Facilities: Turkish universities are investing in research infrastructure, laboratories, and resources, providing you with the tools needed for your research endeavors.

8. Networking and Collaboration: Studying in Turkey allows you to build a global network of contacts, connecting with fellow students, researchers, and professionals from different parts of the world.

9. Geographical Advantage: Turkey's strategic location offers opportunities for travel and exploration across Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

10. Career Opportunities: A PhD from a reputable Turkish university can enhance your career prospects, opening doors to academic positions, research roles, and leadership positions in academia, industry, and government.

11. Language Skills: While many programs are offered in English, learning Turkish can be advantageous for your daily life, interactions with locals, and potential future opportunities in Turkey and the region.

PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Specializations in Turkey

Admission intake for phd (doctor of philosophy) in turkey.

1. Fall Intake (September): The Fall intake is the primary intake for PhD programs in Turkey. Most universities open their application periods for the Fall intake around the months of January to April. The exact application deadlines can vary from university to university and even from program to program within the same university. It's recommended to start researching and preparing your application well in advance to meet the deadlines.

2. Spring Intake (February): Some universities offer a Spring intake for certain PhD programs, which typically starts in February. The application period for the Spring intake is usually from September to November of the previous year.

Top 10 Universities in Turkey for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)

Tuition fees for phd (doctor of philosophy) in turkey.

1. Public Universities: Tuition fees for PhD programs at public universities in Turkey are generally more affordable compared to private universities. For international students, fees can range from around $1,000 to $5,000 per year for non-funded positions.

2. Private Universities: Private universities tend to have higher tuition fees compared to public universities. The fees can vary widely, but they might start from around $3,000 and can go up to $15,000 or more per year for non-funded positions.

3. Funded Positions: Some universities and research institutions offer funded PhD positions, where you might receive a monthly stipend and have your tuition fees waived. Funded positions are usually competitive and might be limited in availability.

4. Scholarships: Many universities offer scholarships for PhD students, which can help cover tuition fees and living expenses. These scholarships can be based on academic merit, research potential, or financial need.

Cost of Studying PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Turkey

Eligibility for doing phd (doctor of philosophy) in turkey.

1. Master's Degree: You typically need to have a master's degree from a recognized institution. Some universities might consider exceptional candidates with a bachelor's degree and substantial research experience.

2. Academic Transcripts: Official transcripts of your academic records from your previous studies, including your master's degree.

3. Language Proficiency: Since many PhD programs in Turkey are offered in English, you might need to demonstrate proficiency in English. This can be through standardized tests like TOEFL or IELTS. Some universities might also accept their own English proficiency exams.

4. Research Proposal: Most PhD programs require you to submit a detailed research proposal outlining your research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance.

5. Letters of Recommendation: You'll likely need to provide letters of recommendation from professors, researchers, or professionals who can vouch for your research potential and academic abilities.

6. Statement of Purpose: A statement of purpose or personal statement explaining your academic and career goals, why you want to pursue a PhD, and how the program aligns with your aspirations.

7. Entrance Exam: Some programs or universities might require you to take an entrance exam specific to your field of study. This is more common in competitive programs.

8. Interview: Depending on the program, you might be required to attend an interview, either in person or through video conferencing.

9. Work Experience (if applicable): Some PhD programs, especially those in professional fields, might require applicants to have relevant work experience.

Documents Required for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Turkey

1. Application Form: Complete the university's online application form through their admission portal.

2. Master's Degree Certificate: A copy of your master's degree certificate from a recognized institution. It should be attested or notarized.

3. Academic Transcripts: Official transcripts of your academic records from your master's and, if applicable, bachelor's studies.

4. Language Proficiency Test Scores: If the program is taught in English, you might need to provide scores from English proficiency tests such as TOEFL or IELTS. Some universities might also accept their own English proficiency exams.

5. Research Proposal: A detailed research proposal outlining your research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance.

6. Passport Copy: A clear copy of your passport's information page.

7. CV/Resume: A detailed CV or resume outlining your educational background, work experience, research, and any relevant activities.

8. Letters of Recommendation: Usually 2-3 letters of recommendation from professors, researchers, or professionals who can attest to your research potential and academic qualities.

9. Statement of Purpose: A written statement explaining your academic and career goals, why you want to pursue a PhD, and how the program aligns with your aspirations.

10. Passport-Sized Photographs: Passport-sized photographs that meet the specifications set by the university.

11. Application Fee: Payment of the required application fee, as specified by the university.

12. Equivalency Certificate: For international applicants, a certificate stating the equivalence of your master's degree to a Turkish master's degree might be required. This is issued by Turkish higher education authorities.

13. Health and Medical Documents: Some universities might require medical check-up reports or health insurance documents.

14. Visa Documents: After being accepted into a program, you'll need to provide the necessary documents to apply for a student visa. These might include a visa application form, acceptance letter from the university, proof of financial ability, and more.

Scholarships for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Turkey

1. Turkiye Scholarships: The Turkiye Scholarships program provides full funding for international students to pursue their PhD studies in Turkey. It covers tuition fees, accommodation, health insurance, and a monthly stipend. The program is highly competitive and open to students from around the world.

2. University Scholarships: Many Turkish universities offer scholarships for both domestic and international PhD students. These scholarships can cover tuition fees, accommodation, and living expenses. Each university might have its own scholarship programs, so it's essential to research the specific university's website for details.

3. Research Grants: Some research institutions and organizations in Turkey provide research grants and fellowships for PhD students working on specific research projects. These grants might cover research expenses, travel, and stipends.

4. Government Scholarships: Besides Turkiye Scholarships, various government ministries and agencies offer scholarships for specific fields of study. These might be country-specific or focused on certain disciplines.

5. Bilateral Agreements: Turkey has bilateral agreements with certain countries that allow for academic and research collaboration. These agreements might also include scholarship opportunities for students from those countries.

6. External Funding Sources: Depending on your field of study, you might be eligible for international scholarships from organizations like Fulbright, DAAD (for German students), Chevening (for UK students), and others. Some of these scholarships might also support PhD studies in Turkey.

Jobs and Salary after PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Turkey

1. University Professor: With a PhD, you can pursue an academic career as a university professor or lecturer. Salaries can vary widely depending on the university, department, and academic rank. Entry-level positions might start around $1,500 - $2,500 per month, and higher academic ranks can earn more.

2. Research Scientist: Many PhD holders work as research scientists in academia, research institutions, or industry. Salaries can vary based on the organization and your level of experience, starting around $1,000 - $1,800 per month.

3. Industry Research and Development: Industries, especially in sectors like technology, engineering, and pharmaceuticals, hire PhD graduates for research and development roles. Salaries can vary based on the industry, company size, and position, starting around $1,500 - $3,000 per month.

4. Government and Public Sector: PhD holders might work in government agencies, research organizations, or public sector institutions. Salaries can vary based on the position and government pay scale.

5. Consultant: PhD graduates might work as consultants, offering expertise to organizations, businesses, or government agencies. Consultant salaries can vary widely based on the nature of the consulting work, but entry-level salaries might start around $1,500 - $2,500 per month.

6. Data Scientist/Analyst: For PhD holders in fields related to data science, analytics, or quantitative research, roles as data scientists or analysts are available. Salaries can start around $1,500 - $3,000 per month.

7. Entrepreneurship: Some PhD holders venture into entrepreneurship, starting their own businesses based on their research expertise. Earnings can be highly variable and depend on the success of the business.

8. Postdoctoral Researcher: After completing your PhD, you might pursue postdoctoral research positions to further develop your research skills before entering a permanent job role.

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Ph.D. Study in Turkey - Your Comprehensive Guide

Table Of Contents

Advantages of studying a ph.d. in turkey, ph.d. system in turkey, ph.d. requirements in turkey, ph.d. enrollment fees in turkey, why do i choose the study platform (al-dirasa) to register for ph.d. programs in turkey, information about studying a ph.d. in turkey.

Turkey continues to attract different students to study in its educational institutions, not only at undergraduate levels but also in postgraduate studies, masters, and Ph.D.

The student who has completed his master's degree can pursue the highest level of doctoral achievement.

The first advantage of doctoral studies in Turkey is low fees compared to many countries in the world.

In addition, doctoral studies in Turkey have diversity in specialties, and the living costs associated with the study are low.

Study in Turkish, English, and Arabic is also available at some universities. The Ph.D. study in Turkey offers significant future opportunities at work, with the possibility of equivalent certificates before the beginning of the study if they are from outside Turkey (issued by Turkey does not need to be equalized).

There is also a consideration for employees, thus, most lessons are in the evening.

Turkey's doctoral system is based on studying university courses, unlike some Arab universities that do not require a year to study university courses. In some specialties, You are allowed to study Ph.D. right away after getting your bachelor's degree, and in this case, you will have to study for ten semesters. If you have already a master's degree, you are required to study only eight semesters. In both cases, after passing the university courses successfully, you have to pass an efficiency exam before starting to prepare the Ph.D. thesis.

A doctoral study in Turkey does not require more than a master’s degree certificate with the transcript. The same is required if you have a bachelor’s degree. Also, you need to have personal photos, a minimum of two letters of recommendation from scholars, and a copy of the passport and residence permit. Some universities require an interview or an Aptitude test.

Turkey is one of the low-cost countries for study in general, and doctoral studies in particular, and the cost is determined by the specialization and the university, but the cost includes the four years and is estimated between five thousand dollars to twelve thousand US dollars, and universities allow the possibility of paying the costs in installments.

Applying for a Ph.D. in Turkey

Each university announces through its official website the dates for registration, so, the student can apply to any of the doctoral programs in Turkish universities. After applying and fulfilling the documentation requirements, the results will be announced and the registration procedures will begin.

The study platform is a pioneer in this field, and it has contracts with official agents to register and obtain admissions in universities, as the platform guarantees you to get a seat at the university with discounts and large discounts from the tuition fee, and the study platform guides the student to all the procedures that he must complete to register Officially at the university and obtains the “student document”, we also help the student to secure the appropriate university housing and in matters of obtaining student residence, and we keep in touch with the student to provide consultations and inquiries that he may need.

The study platform is a leader in this field and has contracts with official agents to register and obtain university admissions. Al-Dirasa platform guarantees you a seat at the university with considerable fees discounts. We provide the student with consultations and guidance that make him/ her aware of all the procedures that he/she must complete to enroll officially at the university and obtain a "student document". We also help our students to choose appropriate university accommodation options and obtain student residence identity. We ensure keeping in touch with students to provide advice and inquiries that they may need.

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A glimpse at the system of higher education in turkey  , admission requirements for undergradute programs, admission requirements for graduate programs, documents required from applicants, master's programs, doctorate programs, specialization in medicine programs, academic calendar, academic examination process, language of instruction.

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Each Turkish University sets its own admission criteria and decides which applicants meet those criteria. Therefore, applications by degree-seeking international students to a postgraduate program must be made directly to the Student İnternational Office of the university.

A PhD course in Turkey follows the successful completion of an undergraduate and postgraduate degree, this means international students can save time, money and begin their career much quicker with a highly regarded Turkish PhD degree.

Admission Requirements to Study in Turkey

Everyone is welcomed to study in Turkey as Turkish universities charge relatively affordable tuition fees and the quality of education is recognizable of international standard.

In order to gain admission into any of the Turkish universities, it is expected of international applicants to satisfy certain qualification requirements. But the focus here basically is on the requirements for international applicants going in for PhD programs.

PhD Program Requirements

PhD program-requirements-lists in most Turkish universities invariably are all similar. But when it comes to PhD programs, the requirements for admission are decided on by the individual department to which the student directly applies and not by the general institutional administration.

In most cases, some departments will request to meet with the applicant for a personal interview before deciding on whether the applicant will be admitted.

Detailed information on PhD program admission requirements in Turkish universities.

What are the requirements?

Most universities usually base their admissions decisions on a student’s academic record and applicable test scores, such as TOEFL, the GRE/GMAT.

The accepted documents for postgraduate programs are listed as follow:

• Application Fee (The fee for each application ranges $250. This pays for processing your application and is non-refundable, even if you aren’t admitted to the university.)
• Valid Passport Copy
• Undergraduate and Postgraduate diploma
• An official Undergraduate and Postgraduate transcript
• A statement of purpose (Personal Statement)
• Research Proposal
• An updated resume (Cv)
• Reference letters (Some universities require recommendation letters to be received from your professors about your qualities.)
• Graduate Exam Scores (Additionally, not all but some universities will ask for good scores on either the GRE or the GMAT, depends on each university.)
• Language Proficiency Score (The required score from language exams will still depend on the school to which applicant applies. Students who are not able to take one of the international language tests (TOEFL, IELTS, PEARSON etc.) or national language tests (YDS, E-YDS, YÖKDİL) may take the university's proficiency test upon arrival.
• Written exams and/or interviews (In addition to the postgraduate examinations, departments may require additional admission examinations or interviews that are periodically announced by the office of the pertinent postgraduate program.)

Having enlisted all the necessary requirements for enrolling in a PhD program in any Turkish university.

Intake periods/deadlines

Generally, admission calendars for most turkey universities are the same. Intake periods for admission start in December of the previous year and runs through to August in the succeeding/subsequent year.

September is usually a month set aside for aspiring students to sit for the necessary intake exams. Some universities usually accept applications by the end of June for Fall Semester. But some Universities offer programs in the spring semester and receive applications by the end of December for Spring Semesters.

Most universities encourage international students to contact them at least one year before they plan to enter that University. Then they could have a plenty of time to fulfil the requirements on time.

Who can apply?

International applicants who have an postgraduate diploma equivalent to Turkish diplomas and who meet the application criteria stated above may apply for a PhD program in Turkey. Applicants must complete their previous degree programs by the admission period at the latest.

How to apply for a Program

By estimate, there are around 206 universities in Turkey, most of which are state universities while the rest are private universities.

• Put together all the required documents under the advisement of the agent handling your admission processing or you can as well follow the detailed requirement information provided by the website.
• If your application into the university of your choosing eventually turns out successful, the university will issue acceptance documents which will aid your visa application.
• After completing the above steps successfully, the next thing is to put things in order with respect to your traveling and accommodation.

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Education in Turkey - statistics & facts

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Net enrollment rate in Turkey in academic year 2022/2023, by education level and gender

Primary school completion rate in Turkey 2014-2023, by gender

Primary school completion rate in Turkey from the academic year 2014/2015 to 2022/2023, by gender

Lower secondary school completion rate in Turkey 2014-2023, by gender

Lower secondary school completion rate in Turkey from the academic year 2014/2015 to 2022/2023, by gender

Upper secondary school completion rate in Turkey 2014-2023, by gender

Upper secondary school completion rate in Turkey from the academic year 2014/2015 to 2022/2023, by gender

Number of literate people in Turkey 2008-2022

Number of literate people* in Turkey from 2008 to 2022 (in millions)

Number of illiterate people in Turkey 2008-2022

Number of illiterate people* in Turkey from 2008 to 2022 (in millions)

Number of literate women in Turkey 2008-2022

Number of literate women* in Turkey from 2008 to 2022 (in millions)

Number of literate men in Turkey 2008-2022

Number of literate men* in Turkey from 2008 to 2022 (in millions)

Employment rate in Turkey 2021, by field of study

Employment rate of tertiary-educated 25-to-64 year olds in Turkey in 2021, by field of study

Public opinion

• Basic Statistic Contribution of education to people's lives in Turkey 2021
• Premium Statistic Problems in pre-primary, primary, and secondary education in Turkey 2021
• Basic Statistic Reasons for dropping out of school in Turkey 2021, by gender
• Premium Statistic Educational institutions with the most problems in Turkey 2021
• Basic Statistic Opinions about the adequacy of the number of universities in Turkey 2022
• Premium Statistic Opinions about the declining quality of universities in Turkey 2022
• Premium Statistic Importance of improvement of teachers' working conditions and salaries in Turkey 2022
• Premium Statistic Opinions about compulsory preschool education in Turkey 2022

Contribution of education to people's lives in Turkey 2021

What was the contribution of education to your life?

Problems in pre-primary, primary, and secondary education in Turkey 2021

What do you think are the main problems in pre-primary, primary, and secondary education in Turkey?

Reasons for dropping out of school in Turkey 2021, by gender

Reasons for dropping out of school by young people in Turkey in 2021, by gender

Educational institutions with the most problems in Turkey 2021

Educational institutions having the most problems in Turkey in 2021

Opinions about the adequacy of the number of universities in Turkey 2022

Do you think the number of universities in Turkey is more than needed?

Opinions about the declining quality of universities in Turkey 2022

Do you agree to the statement that the quality of the universities has declined?

Importance of improvement of teachers' working conditions and salaries in Turkey 2022

How important do you think it is to improve the working conditions and salaries of teachers?

Opinions about compulsory preschool education in Turkey 2022

How important is it to make preschool education compulsory?

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Turkey is an interesting country, with a unique location between East and West. As it is a home to many different cultures, both modern and ancient, which is why it is a destination for many students all over the world.

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Studying a PhD in Turkey is a good option for many students, due to the high academic level of Turkish universities, also the lower cost of living and studying in Turkey than many European countries.

Moreover, universities in Turkey have excellent and modern facilities, and many degrees in Turkey are also valid all over the world.

There are many famous PhD programs in Turkey, and you can choose what suits you to complete the study in one of them.

Below we will talk about the best university to study a PhD in Turkey, the conditions and required documents.

Studying a PhD in Turkey

A PhD is a scientific research or course of study that lasts 2 to 5 years, and PhD students are admitted after completing a master’s degree.

A PhD is the highest level of postgraduate study, and people with a PhD degree are usually allowed to teach at universities.

Conditions for studying a PhD in Turkey

Students who wish to study a PhD in Turkey must take an admission test in Turkish universities to prove their academic expertise.

The admission tests to Turkish universities in the PhD program are:

• ALES Test : The minimum score required to pass this test is 50 to 70, and this test is taken three times a year.
• GMAT Test: The minimum score required for admission is 500, which is valid for five years.
• GRE Test: The minimum score required for admission is 685, which is valid for five years.

Students are evaluated for PhD studies in Turkey on the basis of one of these tests, these tests are certified in Turkish universities in written and oral form.

After passing the admission exam, students can start studying for a PhD, and the university’s competency committee reviews students’ research regularly every six months.

When a student completes their research, their final thesis will be reviewed by a jury.

Note that studying a PhD in Turkey does not have a specific age requirement, but to receive a scholarship to study a PhD in Turkey, the student must be less than 35 years.

Students wishing to obtain a scholarship to study a PhD in Turkey must have a GPA above 15 in their master’s program.

Languages ​​for PhD programs in Turkey

The predominant study languages ​​in many PhD programs in Turkish universities are English and Turkish.

Foreign students must take one of the English or Turkish language tests in order to study for a PhD in Turkey.

English language tests include:

• TOEFL Test: The minimum TOEFL score required for a PhD program is 79 and is valid for two years.
• IELTS Test: The minimum score required for the IELTS test in a PhD program is 7 and is valid for two years.

Turkish language tests include:

• TÖMER Test: The most popular Turkish language test, students in this test must obtain a Turkish language certificate with C1 skills to study for a doctorate.

PhD programs in Turkey

PhD programs in Turkey include many specializations in various fields. The most important of which are:

Medicine, Veterinary medicine, Nursing, Finance and Banking, Business Administration, Architecture, Industrial Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Design Studies, Biosciences and Genetics, International Relations…

The most famous universities to study a PhD in Turkey

PhD studies are possible in 166 universities in Turkey, the duration of doctoral studies is usually two or three years.

Universities in Turkey are divided into public and private universities, and all Turkish universities are subject to the Turkish Higher Education Council (YOK) , which means that Turkish universities compete internationally and follow high educational standards.

Here is a list of the most famous universities to study PhD in Turkey:

• Cankaya University: ranked 401-500 in THE 2021 Rankings of Best Universities in the World .
• Koç University: ranked 501–600.
• Hacettepe University: ranked 601–800.
• Sabancı University: ranked 501–600.
• Bilkent University: ranked 601–800.
• Boğaziçi University: ranked 801–1000.
• Istanbul Technical University: ranked 601–800.

The tuition fees to study a PhD in Turkey

The tuition fees of studying a PhD in Turkey ranges from 1000$ to 2000$ in public universities, while it rises to about 3000$ to 15,000$ in private universities annually.

PhD students in Turkey can also get scholarships, but since PhD tuition fees at Turkish public universities are relatively low, scholarships are usually reserved for students from countries with weaker economies.

Working conditions while studying for a PhD in Turkey

PhD Students in Turkey are not allowed to work full time, but they can find part time jobs, some of the most popular part time jobs:

• Assistant Professor.
• Waiters in cafes or restaurants.
• Salesman in stores or supermarkets.
• Private teacher for school lessons.
• Online jobs.

Work after a PhD in Turkey

PhD students can be employed in universities after completing their PhD study.

They can also obtain a work permit and residence in Turkey , and they can also buy a property in Turkey and obtain a residence permit.

Documents needed to study a PhD in Turkey

• Bachelor’s degree.
• Master’s degree.
• Master’s Thesis.
• A copy of a passport valid for at least 90 days.
• Recent photograph.
• Proof of financial ability.
• health insurance.

Frequently Asked Questions About PhD Study in Turkey

Why is pursuing a phd in turkey a good choice for foreign students.

Because of the high quality of education in Turkish universities, and the lower cost of education and living compared to other countries.

How long does it take to study for a PhD in Turkey?

Studying a PhD in Turkey usually takes between two to three years, and may reach five years in some disciplines.

What are the admission tests for PhD studies in Turkey?

ALES test, GMAT test, or GRE test.

Are the universities that offer PhD programs in Turkey only public?

No, public and private universities in Turkey offer different PhD programs.

What Turkish cities contain the most famous universities to study for a PhD degree?

İstanbul, İzmir, Ankara, Mersin, Kayseri city.

How much is the tuition fee for a PhD in Turkey?

Tuition fees to study a PhD degree in Turkish public universities range from $1,000 to $2,000 per year.

While the tuition fees for doctoral studies in private Turkish universities range from 3000 to 15,000 dollars annually.

Can PhD students in Turkey get scholarships?

Yes, the Turkish government and some private and public universities in Turkey offer scholarships for PhD students.

Are PhD students allowed to work while studying in Turkey?

Yes, PhD students in Turkey are allowed to work part-time, about 30 hours per week.

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• Student Information System
• Ibn Haldun University
• School of Graduate Studies

Ph. D. in Economics (in English)

Why economics ph.d. at ibn haldun university.

The scope of modern economic theory covers a wide range, including analyzing the economic behavior of individuals, firms, countries, and international institutions. With the fast developments in the information technology sector beginning in the 1990s, the economic behavior of all agents has become a phenomenon that needs to be analyzed at the global level. Despite a resurrection of the impact of nationalist views on the economic behavior of countries, globalization is still an important ongoing issue. Thus, the analysis of the developments in the goods, labor, and financial markets, as well as the interaction among them, from a scientific point of view, is essential for developing policies at the country or global level.

The Ph.D. program at Ibn Haldun University invites students from different educational backgrounds. It aims to build skills that will help them understand and analyze economic issues and bring policy solutions to them. During the coursework period, students can choose from a wide range of elective courses according to their areas of interest besides the compulsory economics courses. The dissertation period following the coursework will allow them to apply their knowledge to contemporary issues in the field of economics from a theoretical and practical point of view. English is the language of Ph.D. education in economics, giving students prestigious job opportunities in Turkey and across the globe.

About Program

Acting head of the department:.

Prof. Muhittin Kaplan

The mission of the Program:

In line with the vision of Ibn Haldun University, the mission of the economics Ph.D. program is to train individuals and equip them with skills that will meet the needs of academia, the private sector, and policy institutions across the globe. In addition, the Ph.D. program aims to enhance economics research and obtain valuable academic? Output at the national and international level, and educate economists who can analyze national or global economic issues and develop solutions.

The target of the program is to train individuals who,

• can apply the concepts and theories of economics effectively to contemporary problems and bring solutions to these issues.
• is strongly preferred at prestigious positions in academia, private and public sector, and international institutions due to the valuable knowledge accumulated, and the expertise gained with elective courses and the dissertation work
• have a broad view of economics and solid analytical capabilities
• can contribute to the progress of different tasks at work, take influential roles in teamwork, and have leadership skills.

Application Requirements

Visit Ph.D. Programs Application Requirements page.

Teaching Staff

Visit the department page for Teaching Staff.

Curriculum and Course Contents

Visit the curriculum page.

Course Contents

Econ 600 seminar.

This graduate-level course provides guided reading, research, expert discussions, and workshops in economics. The system heavily relies on the invited speakers' presenting their academic work in the seminar sessions.

ECON 601 Advanced Research Methods

In this course, students will be able to distinguish between the use of these techniques and models and the ability to interpret the results obtained by considering advanced research methods, analysis techniques, and models used in economics. In this direction, topics such as classical linear regression, generalized least squares (GLS) estimation, instrumental variable (IV) estimation, maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, and asymptotic test procedure will be investigated, and the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation, nonlinear least squares (NLS) estimation; basic concepts of asymptotic theory; asymptotics for integrated processes; model selection; AIC, SBC; trend- and difference-stationary time series models; tools for unit root econometrics will be analyzed.

ECON 602 Advanced Macroeconomics

This course will start with defining the main topics of macroeconomics within the framework of different economic schools and then continue with endogenous growth models such as Solow. Afterward, such issues as dynamic aggregate demand and aggregate supply, IS-LM models, monetary and fiscal policies, investment and consumption decisions, and macroeconomic decisions in open economies will be explained in more detail in terms of the functioning of money and foreign exchange markets and methods of struggling against inflation in an open economy.

ECON 603 Advanced Microeconomics

This course aims to provide students the ability to command the basic concepts, theories, and applications of microeconomics and to apply this knowledge to practical problems. For this purpose, first of all, consumer theories, demand theory, production theory, and uncertainty will be discussed under the topic of individual decisions. Next, the course will examine issues such as information asymmetry, reverse selection, and the principal-agent problems that enable the markets to operate effectively. Finally, continuing with game theory, this course will end with an analysis of Pareto optimality, Walrasian equilibrium, and general equilibrium.

ECON 604 Advanced Econometrics

Theoretical and practical studies on basic econometric tests, models, and techniques will be carried out in this course to acquire advanced econometric analysis skills. In this context; Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models and stationarity; estimation of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models; residual-based tests for cointegration; Estimation of  Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models will be worked on. Additionally, the topics such as modeling discrete choice; Least Squares Dummy Variable approach and discrete choice methods in pane data; limited dependent variable models; parametric and nonparametric duration and survival analysis; measurement errors in panel data models will be examined.

Elective Courses

Econ 510 international economics.

In this course, students will learn about the mechanism of international economic and commercial activities, the main reasons for the emergence of these relations, and the main theories trying to explain these relations. It will also touch upon the economic policies developed to make international financial activities and trade more effective and to develop them, the factors that determine foreign exchange prices, the essential components of balance-of-payments balance, the factors determining foreign trade, basic shapes and determinants of capital flows between countries and how globalization affects the international economy.

ECON 511 Innovation Economics

This course mainly analyzes the relationship between economic development and knowledge-based economic structure and the impact of innovation on competitiveness. Examples from individuals, companies, and countries examine creativity's role in achieving sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, current applications and case studies are addressed using global data clusters. Finally, the theoretical models of research and development, intellectual property rights, and patent economics are passed on to the students through the innovation indicators.

ECON 512 Game Theory

Based on the game theory frequently used in economic theory applications, this course will provide basic information about games under different assumptions and their equilibrium conditions. In this context, regular and consecutive games in which there is no cooperation between the participants will be explained based on whether participants have complete and perfect knowledge of the competitions and conditions of the game. Examples will address how these games are used in economic theory and applications. Other topics, such as experimental game theory and Markov-perfect equilibrium, will also be discussed.

ECON 513 Monetary Economics

In this course, we will focus primarily on the fundamental functions of money in an economy and the factors that affect money demand. Then, the issues such as money supply, the essential components of monetary policy, the role of central banks in the economy, and the process of determining policy and market interest rates will be discussed. Next, different concepts and models of the monetary transmission mechanisms used to explain the actual economic effect of monetary policy will be presented, and the problems, such as how to determine the optimal institutional and operational monetary policy, will be addressed. Additionally, some disruptions that may arise in financial markets and macro-financial links will be touched upon.

ECON 514 Industrial Economics

This course will be based on possible disruptions to the market. It will use different optimization and game theory models to model other market structures outside the entire competition market, such as monopoly, oligopoly, and card, as well as models of various price and price strategies of companies operating in such market structures. Finally, antitrust regimes and competition policies to prevent social welfare losses from such market structures will be studied globally.

ECON 515 Energy Economics

This course will examine the theoretical and empirical approaches of primary energy sources such as oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity. The theoretical and practical practices of the processes in the spot and futures markets will be reviewed. Additionally, the impacts of energy and natural resources on economic development will be discussed.

ECON 516 Public Economics

The central theme of this course is the basic concepts of fiscal policy, finance policy applications, comparative analysis of the market economy with the public economy, and public goods. In addition, issues such as decision-making processes of public finance in the framework of models such as voting, contract and game theory, economic analysis of bureaucracy, local and central budgets, budgeting process, development of public expenditures, public incomes, and welfare will also be discussed.

ECON 517 Time Series Econometrics

This course addresses advanced qualitative forecasting methods, and different time series modeling approaches, regression analysis, and econometric modeling are explained. In the system's content, the characteristics of the time series will be emphasized, and the model selection will be taught to make the best guess for the structure of the given data. E-views and RATS software programs will be used during the coursework.

ECON 518 Panel Data and Cross-Section Models

In addition to the course on the analysis of time series, this course aims to develop different models for understanding the relations between economic variables. The course explains different approaches used in modeling panel data, problems encountered in estimating these models, and related econometric methods. In the study, applications will be made using STATA, a statistical software program.

ECON 519 Environmental Economics

Based on the mutual interaction between environment and economics, this course will discuss how economic operations should be regulated optimally to balance economic activities and other social objectives. Using general microeconomic theories and practices, this course has the central theme of optimizing economic efficiency and productivity with sustainable environmental policies.

ECON 520 Development Economics

This course will explain basic definitions, concepts, and theories about participatory development. In this framework, various indicators of economic development and growth will be addressed, as well as criticisms of different economic theories attempting to explain economic development, as well as criticisms of the concept and ideas of evolution. Finally, with essential information will discuss the structural transformations of economies, industrialization, agricultural change and environment, development policies, and market relations from an empirical point of view.

ECON 521 Transport Economics

The course aims to provide students interested in this area as a whole with the ability to make an economic analysis of the transportation sector and to understand the contributions of the transportation sector to economic development. The course also seeks to understand various analytical techniques of managerial economics that facilitate decision-making in production and costs, demand, pricing, investment, and government regulation and intervention in the transport sector. 

ECON 522 Real Estate and Urban Economics

This course aims to examine the economic activities in the real estate, construction, and building sectors from a theoretical point of view and to analyze urban economics. At the beginning of the course, economic models and applications for the housing sector and financing are covered, followed by the construction and operation economics of commercial real estate. This model of models and applications of real estate products in banking and capital markets is studied in detail, with simulations and calculations of some of these products. This course also focuses on the financing dimension of the issues such as intelligent urbanization, urban transformation, and green building and their impact on economic growth.

ECON 523 Islamic Economics and Finance

This course is an introduction to understanding Islamic economics and finance. The course aims to teach the main theories and practices of Islamic economics and finance using basic concepts. Starting from the origins and historical background of Islamic Economics and finance to understand the paradigm, this course then examines the Islamic rule system and financial instruments. In the central part of the course, Islamic capital markets and the banking sector are emphasized. This course also focuses on Turkey's experience and shows how Islamic economics and finance are positioned within the Turkish financial sector.

ECON 524 Economic Jurisprudence in Islam

This course is based on the claim that economic analysis methods are applied in law. In particular, it aims to examine the legal rules and legal institutions from the perspective of economic efficiency. It tries to guide rule-makers and judges by reviewing how much the legal order and practices such as property, law, compensation, peace, and jurisprudence overlap with the principle of efficiency of the economy.

ECON 525 Islam and Political Economy

This course discusses economic ideas and doctrines, namely how people perceive and make sense of the financial world around them. These discussions are handled with a comparative method, taking into account the perspectives of Eastern and Western civilizations. On the other hand, considering that ideas and doctrines are not independent of the environment in which they emerged, it also finds the discussion of the economic conditions in the time and place where ideas emerged, thus establishing a relationship with the history of economics.

ECON 527 Behavioral Economics and Finance

This course surveys the literature and relevant research incorporating psychological evidence into economics and finance. It introduces the theories developed by research into cognitive biases, individual emotions, and other psychological effects on decision-making. It also explores applications of these theories in economics and finance. This course will investigate various behavioral frames, biases, and heuristics, and some implications on the market and investors will be examined. In addition, discussing some of the more popular and accepted theories and academic papers on human behavior from psychology and decision-making, some prominent features of irrational behavior in the economy and financial markets will be characterized.

ECON 528 Labor Economics

This course aims to provide a theoretical and empirical examination of the labor market, addressing essential questions such as: How are wages determined? What is unemployment, and why do we observe it? What are the links between demographics and labor market outcomes? Is it worth investing in education? What is immigration's impact on wage earnings? Why does an informal labor market arise in economies? In addition, essential aspects of the US and Turkish labor markets will be discussed during the course.

ECON 545 Current Issues in the Turkish Economy 

In this course, using current economic data, the structural features of Turkey's economy are examined in depth while discussing the current economic issues. Economics and financial institutions are analyzed on the overall functioning of Turkey's economy, and major companies are concerned with business life in Turkey. Economic growth, unemployment, and international trade are also focused on significant economic issues such as privatization policies; in this course, banking and capital markets out of the current problems of the financial sector in Turkey are analyzed.

ECON 546 Economic History of Modern Turkey

As discussed during the historical development of Turkey's economy, the transition to modernity is a structural and institutional change analysis. In this course, economic politics of the last period of the Ottoman Empire, growth to and after the Republic, post-Great Depression, post-Second World War developments, import substitution politics, and liberal politics after 1980 are examined.

ECON 550 Selected Issues in Economics

This course aims to develop the knowledge and competence of the participants on selected topics related to the economy.

EFIN 518 Islamic Finance

In this course, the main principles and contract types of Islamic finance, which have grown remarkably in recent years, will be covered by referring to various financial sectors and institutions compared to conventional finance. The main aim of the course is to increase the participants' awareness of Islamic finance as an alternative financing model for Turkey and the World. The system will include contract types such as Musharakah, Ijarah, Musharabah, Musharakah, Salam, and Istisna, together with their usage, management, and their risks. Furthermore, Islamic capital market instruments and institutions such as Sukuk and Islamic investment funds will be explained. Finally, the challenges to the further development of Islamic finance will also be discussed.

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