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Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Australia

A research proposal to improve the environmental performance of the building industry by increasing the innovation activity of small contractors

Manley, Karen & Rose, Tim (2017) A research proposal to improve the environmental performance of the building industry by increasing the innovation activity of small contractors. In Wong, S C & Chow, B (Eds.) Proceedings of the World Sustainable Built Environment Conference 2017. Construction Industry Council and Hong Kong Green Building Council Limited, Hong Kong, China, pp. 2798-2805.

Open access copy at publisher website

Description

The World Building Council for Sustainable Development has singled out the building industry as an urgent problem where there are ‘large and attractive opportunities’ to reduce energy use at a lower cost and higher return than other sectors, given an appropriate investment in innovation (WBCSD, 2009, 1). Focus on the building industry is critical as it is the single largest contributor to climate change (UNEP, 2014, 16). It is the biggest consumer of energy amongst end-use sectors, and generates more greenhouse gas emissions than the transport sector (IPCC, 2014b, 47, IPCC, 2014a, 21-23). A shift to more sustainable building is seen as an essential part of urban renewal focused on reduced environmental impacts. Such a shift will require significant innovation, yet the building industry is renowned as an innovation laggard, rated second-last amongst all 17 Australian industries (ABS 8158.0, 2014). An exciting opportunity for fast-tracking innovation leading to sustainable buildings has been discovered by the research team. Through this study, they will divert attention given to large firms and iconic projects, where change is ponderously slow and impacts are marginal, to small contractors where change can be adopted much more rapidly and where major impacts are much more likely. The role of small contractors is significant. In fact, 98.5% of all Australian contractors are small, employing less than 20 people; yet they generate nearly half of the industry’s output and employ 62% of workers in the industry (ABS 8155.0, 2015, ABS 8165.0, 2015). Small contractors provide the most efficient lever for improving the sustainability of buildings. Small contractors are ubiquitous specialist intermediaries in the building industry, linking product manufacturers and distributors with building owners and users. From an innovation system’s perspective, the critical role of small contractors is clear; they hold a strategically important position within the industry and represent a focal point in the innovation system where the benefits of improved innovation activity to support environmental objectives would have strong multiplier effects. This role has not previously been examined in any depth, particularly with regard to environmental sustainability. The paper outlines a robust research proposal to address this gap in the literature.

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Section 1 - purpose, section 2 - application, section 3 - principles, section 4 - roles and responsibilities, section 5 - preparation of a proposal, section 6 - budgeting and pricing a proposal, section 7 - review, approval and submission of proposals, section 8 - contract negotiation and agreement, section 9 - project management and locally managed consultancies, section 10 - definitions, section 11 - delegations.

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(7) The first named investigator takes the role of ‘first among equals’, being responsible for coordinating the development of the proposal, for providing a complete and transparent approach to costing and for ensuring all investigators contribute similarly to the project and have approval from their Head of School to conduct the project.

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(13) Prior to submitting a proposal to an external organisation, the first named investigator must contact the Office of Research Services to review and endorse the proposal. All named investigators on the proposal must also obtain approval from their Head of School/employer (or Supervisor in the case of a Head of School or senior or professional staff member) to undertake the proposed project or activity. The first named chief investigator is required to obtain, prior to submission of a funding application, written confirmation that each named investigator approves, and has approval from their HOS/employer to be named on and contribute to the project as outlined in the application.

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Effect of the quenching temperature on the structural state of high-speed steels

  • Published: 05 November 2009
  • Volume 2009 , pages 329–333, ( 2009 )

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  • D. I. Doronin 1 ,
  • A. D. Rusakov 2 &
  • Yu. A. Lukina 1  

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The effect of the temperature of heating for quenching on the temperatures of the onset of intense grain growth and the onset of melting of grain boundaries is studied for high-speed steels of six grades. The mechanical properties of the tool are shown to be controlled with allowance for its design and operating conditions.

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Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Advanced High-Strength Steel

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Laws of Formation of Structure and Properties in Cold-Deformed Low-Carbon Structural Steel Under Incomplete Quenching

T. Yu. Barsukova, D. O. Panov & Yu. N. Simonov

V. I. Baranchikov, A. V. Zharikov, N. D. Yudina, et al., Advanced Cutting Tools and Metal Cutting Conditions: A Handbook (Mashinostroenie, Moscow, 1990) [in Russian].

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G. Hole, “High Speed Steel Alloys,” Metals Review 12 (115) (1965).

Yu. A. Geller, Tool Steels , 5th ed. (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1983) [in Russian].

A. N. Popandopulo, “Study, Designing, and Implementation of a Series of Tungsten-Molybdenum and Molybdenum-Cobalt of Highly Effective High-Speed Steels and Their Heat Treatment,” Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 6, 38 (1991).

D. I. Doronin and Yu. V. Vinogradov, “Effect of the Composition and Strain on the Carbide Heterogeneity in High-Speed Steel,” in Manufacture of High-Speed and Die Steels (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1970), p. 14.

A. P. Gulyaev, K. A. Malinina, and S. M. Saverina, Tool Steels: A Handbook (Mashinostroenie, Moscow, 1975) [in Russian].

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JSC Elektrostal Heavy Engineering Works (JCS EZTM), Elektrostal’, Moscow oblast, Russia

D. I. Doronin & Yu. A. Lukina

Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 49, Moscow, 119991, Russia

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Correspondence to D. I. Doronin .

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Original Russian Text © D.I. Doronin, A.D. Rusakov, Yu.A. Lukina, 2009, published in Metally, 2009, No. 4, pp. 63–66.

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Doronin, D.I., Rusakov, A.D. & Lukina, Y.A. Effect of the quenching temperature on the structural state of high-speed steels. Russ. Metall. 2009 , 329–333 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029509040089

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Received : 18 February 2009

Published : 05 November 2009

Issue Date : August 2009

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029509040089

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  • How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on November 21, 2023.

Structure of a research proposal

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

Introduction

Literature review.

  • Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Table of contents

Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research proposals.

Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .

In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.

Research proposal length

The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.

One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.

Download our research proposal template

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qut engineering research proposal

Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.

  • Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
  • Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”

Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:

  • The proposed title of your project
  • Your supervisor’s name
  • Your institution and department

The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.

Your introduction should:

  • Introduce your topic
  • Give necessary background and context
  • Outline your  problem statement  and research questions

To guide your introduction , include information about:

  • Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
  • How much is already known about the topic
  • What is missing from this current knowledge
  • What new insights your research will contribute
  • Why you believe this research is worth doing

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

  • Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
  • Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
  • Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

  • Improving best practices
  • Informing policymaking decisions
  • Strengthening a theory or model
  • Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
  • Creating a basis for future research

Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .

Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.

Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.

Download our research schedule template

If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.

Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:

  • Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
  • Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
  • Source : how did you calculate the amount?

To determine your budget, think about:

  • Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
  • Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
  • Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

  • Sampling methods
  • Simple random sampling
  • Stratified sampling
  • Cluster sampling
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  • Reproducibility

 Statistics

  • Null hypothesis
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  • Poisson distribution

Research bias

  • Optimism bias
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Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.

Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.

The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.

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X-Energy Signs on to DOE ARDP for $80M in Initial Funding

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X-Energy Signs on for ARDP and $80M in Initial Funding

  • China  Five-Year-Plan Includes Proposals For Up to 20 New Reactors

China Commits to the ACP100 Small Modular Reactor

Tvel / russian company starts fuel facility for china’s cfr-600 fast neutron reactor, dutch consortium plans work on molten salt reactors, swedish companies seek financial support for lead cooled smr development.

The advanced nuclear energy reactor developer  X-Energy  announced this week that it has signed the Department of Energy’s (DOE)  Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program  (ARDP) Cooperative Agreement, officially marking the beginning of the company’s participation in ARDP’s ~$2.5 billion program.

DOE is providing $80M in the first phase of the cost shared funding plan. DOE will invest approximately $1.23 billion in X-energy’s project over the seven-year period for this demonstration project.

X-Energy Technical Profile

X-Energy Xe-100 Profile: Chart: IAEA

This project will enable X-energy to build the world’s first commercial scale advanced nuclear reactor with Energy Northwest at a site in Washington state.

conceptual image X-Energy Design

The Xe-100 is an 80 MWe (scalable to a 320 MWe four-pack) high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR).  (Image right is a conceptual view of the design. Image: X-Energy)

It uses TRi-structural ISOtropic particle fuel (TRISO),  manufactured by X-energy , that can integrate into large, regional electricity systems as a base and load-following source of carbon-free power.

According to X-Energy the reactor as designed is expected to optimize grid use of low-emission, intermittent renewables and other clean energy resources.

The reactor is also ideal for project sites and other power applications, including as a source for industrial process heat.

As part of the Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program, X-energy and its supply chain partners will deliver a commercial four-unit nuclear power plant of its Xe-100 reactor design and a commercial scale TRISO fuel fabrication facility.

About the ARDP Program

ARDP is designed to help domestic private industry demonstrate advanced nuclear reactors in the United States. DOE expects to invest approximately $600 million over seven years with industry partners providing at least 20% in matching funds.

The Department of Energy ARDP program has three elements.

  • Advanced reactor demonstrations, which are expected to result in a fully functional advanced nuclear reactor within 7 years of the award.
  • Risk reduction for future demonstrations, which will support up to five additional teams resolving technical, operational, and regulatory challenges to prepare for future demonstration opportunities.
  • Advanced reactor concepts 2020 (ARC 20), which will support innovative and diverse designs with potential to commercialize in the mid-2030s.

NRIC image

The National Reactor Innovation Center (NRIC) accelerates the demonstration and deployment of advanced nuclear energy. NRIC is is a national Department of Energy program led by Idaho National Laboratory, working with collaborators to demonstrate advanced reactors by the end of 2025.

Risk Reduction for Future Demonstration Projects

Last October DOE awarded TerraPower LLC (Bellevue, WA) and X-energy (Rockville, MD) $80 million each in initial funding to build two advanced nuclear reactors that can be operational within seven years.

See prior coverage on this blog  –  DOE Awards $80M each to TerraPower, X-Energy for ARDP

The awards are cost-shared partnerships with industry that will deliver two first-of-a-kind advanced reactors to be licensed for commercial operations. The Department will invest a total of $3.2 billion over seven years, subject to the availability of future appropriations. The firms participating in the project will be providing matching funds.

TerraPower Role in ARDP

TerraPower , which is the other firm receiving the DOE funding, will demonstrate the Natrium reactor, a sodium cooled fast reactor that leverages of decades of development and design undertaken by TerraPower and its partner, GE Hitachi.

GE Hitachi will be leveraging the design work it has done on the  PRISM reactor  which in turn has its legacy in the design of the  Integral Fast Reactor  at the Argonne West site in Idaho.

The high-operating temperature of the Natrium reactor, coupled with thermal energy storage, will allow the plant to provide flexible electricity output that complements variable renewable generation such as wind a solar. In addition, this project will establish a new metal fuel fabrication facility that is scaled to meet the needs of this demonstration program.

DOE said that both projects incorporate a range of design features that will not only enhance safety, but make them affordable to construct and operate, paving the way for the United States to deploy highly competitive advanced reactors domestically and globally.

China / Five-Year-Plan Includes Proposals For Up to 20 New Reactors

( Nucnet )  China is backing the further development of commercial nuclear power as a key tool in its drive to cut carbon emissions, according to the 2021-2025 five-year plan presented on Friday to China’s annual National People’s Congress.

Beijing said it aims to have 70 GW of installed nuclear capacity by 2025 from about 50 GW at the end of 2019. That would equate to about 20 new reactors, 2021-2025, although China already has 12 under construction.

China originally aimed to bring its nuclear installed capacity to 58 GW by 2020, but didn’t meet the target following a moratorium on new projects following the March 2011 Fukushima-Daiichi accident and delays at a number of Generation III plants that were under construction.

According to the  World Nuclear Association January 2021 assessment  of China’s nuclear energy program, these are the project ( Table ) which are getting underway in the near term.

china new nuclear march 2021

According to several reports by World Nuclear New, two demonstration multi-purpose modular ACP100 ‘Linglong One’ units will be built at Changjiang. This will be China Guodian’s first mainland domestic nuclear power venture, with CNNC holding 51% of CNNC New Energy Corporation (CNNC-CNEC).

The ACP100 units are integral PWRs, 125 MWe, with passive cooling for decay heat removal. CNNC said that the units could provide electricity, heat and desalination. Construction time is expected to be 65 months.

The ACP100 was identified as a ‘key project’ in China’s 12th Five-Year Plan, and is developed from the larger ACP1000 PWR. The design, which has 57 fuel assemblies and integral steam generators, incorporates passive safety features and will be installed underground.  

ACP100 Technical Profile

ACP100 Technical Profile – Chart: IAEA

In 2016, China announced plans to build a demonstration floating nuclear power plant based on the ACP100S variant of the CNNC design. The use of the floating SMRs is targeted at providing power to artificial islands in the South China Sea for military bases there intended to project geopolitical influence in the region.

See prior coverage on this blog  —  China to deploy floating nuclear power plants to support geopolitical goals in S. E. Asia

The new mainland project involves a joint venture of three companies for the demonstration plant: CNNC as owner and operator, the Nuclear Power Institute of China as the reactor designer and China Nuclear Engineering Group being responsible for plan. Construction is expected to take 65 months, with the 125 MWe unit to start up by May 2025, subject to relevant governmental approvals.

China Slated to Become World Leader in Commercial Nuclear Power

China will have the world’s largest nuclear power fleet within a decade, an International Energy Agency official said during a session at the High-Level Workshop on Nuclear Power in Clean Energy Transitions according to  World Nuclear News  . The workshop was held jointly by the IEA and the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The IEA official, Brent Wanner, head of Power Sector Modelling & Analysis for the agency’s World Energy Outlook publication, said that as nuclear fleets in the United States, Canada, and Japan reach their original design lifetimes, the contribution of nuclear power could decline substantially in those countries while China’s reactor building program will boost it into first place.

china nuclear plants map WNN

   Map of Current and Planned Nuclear Power Plants in China. Ma: World Nuclear Assoc

China already has 50 nuclear reactors in commercial operation, the third highest number behind the US (94) and France (56). In 2019, nuclear energy accounted for 4.9% of the country’s electricity production share, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency.

( Nucnet ) Russian nuclear fuel manufacturer Tvel has started a production facility which will fabricate fuel for China’s  CFR-600  fast neutron reactor under construction under construction in Xiapu County, Fujian province, China, on  Changbiao Island , a coastal site 650 km south of Shanghai.. It is a generation IV demonstration project by the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). The project is also known as Xiapu fast reactor pilot project.

Tvel said in a statement that the facility is part of the Elemash Machine-Building Plant, a Tvel plant in Elektrostal, near Moscow.

The CFR-600 is a 600-MW sodium-cooled pool-type fast reactor and is expected to begin commercial operation by 2023. The plant will be able to operate on both mixed oxide (MOX) and uranium dioxide (UO2) fuel types. It is expected to have a design life of 60 years.

Tvel said the new production facility in Elektrostal is a result of a contract signed as a part of a 2018 nuclear cooperation deal between Russia and China, which included the joint construction and operation of the CFR-600 plant.

According to Tvel, the fuel contract covers initial loading of nuclear fuel into the CFR-600 and a number of subsequent refuels covering the first seven years of the unit’s operation. It isn’t clear what the duration is for each fuel cycle.

Tvel said the new fuel fabrication facility will be used to produce fuel not only for the Chinese CFR-600 and CEFR fast reactors, but also for the Russian BN-600 fast reactor at the Beloyarsk nuclear power station.

See prior coverage on this blog  —  Russia’s BN-800 Reactor Enters Commercial Operation

Profile of the CFR600

The CFR600 (China Fast Reactor-600) nuclear reactor pilot project represents the second step in fast reactor development in China following the success of the  China Experimental Fast Reactor  (CEFR), which was connected to the grid in July 2010.

Designed by China Institute of Atomic Energy, the CFR600 is a prototype sodium-cooled pool-type fast reactor capable of generating 1,500MW of thermal power and 600MW of electric power. The reactor design aims at achieving a thermal efficiency of 40%. The medium-sized fourth-generation advanced nuclear reactor will feature two coolant loops and is designed to operate at 380°C and 550°C of inlet and outlet core temperatures, respectively.

Scheduled for commissioning in 2023, the CFR-600 pilot project is  expected to pave the way  for the development and commercialization of much larger CFR-1000 reactors in China by 2030.

The CFR-600 nuclear reactor will also feature design flexibility to use two fuel types. The reactor will be first loaded with uranium oxide (UO2) and then converted to run on mixed oxide (MOX) fuel.

The  Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group  (NRG) in the Netherlands said this month that it had set up a consortium to work on development of  Molten Salt Reactors . The focus of the joint effort will be design and testing of important processes and materials needed to build them. A key emphasis is expected to be on the use of thorium as a fuel type.

440px-IMSR_heat_applications

 Conceptual image of a molten salt reactor:  Image: Wikipedia

Members of the consortium include TU Delft,  DIFFER , and reactor developer Thorizon. According to press releases,  TU Delft  has been involved in  research into the thorium MSR  for a number of years, and NRG in Petten has research facilities including the High Flux (research) Reactor.

The consortium members said they are making plans to have a first of a kind reactor built by 2035. This will be fueled with thorium with the objective of demonstrating the use of this fuel in MSRs.

NRG said said that it will carry out irradiations of materials intended to be used in MSRs. It will also work on testing and qualification of fuels for MSRs.

sunrise logo

This is the second step of three in the development and commercialization of a new type of reactor in Sweden during the 2030s.

The application is based on the project “ Sunrise ” which the Foundation for Strategic Research supported with SEK50 million ($6M) to develop design, material technology and safety analysis for an advanced  lead-cooled research and demonstration reactor . Sunrise includes KTH, Luleå University and Uppsala University. An  detailed workplan , in English, is posted at the project website.

Lead Cooled Reactor Conceptual Image

Conceptual image of a lead cooled reactor; Image:  Gen IV

If funding is available, the next step will be to build an electrically powered non-nuclear prototype for testing and verifying materials and technology in an environment of molten lead at high temperatures. The prototype, which will be operated for five years starting in 2024, is planned to be built on OKG’s area at Simpevarp outside Oskarshamn.

Johan Svenningsson, CEO Uniper Sweden, said in a press statement, “We see a clear role for nuclear power in the energy system of the future, and we therefore invest in developing the nuclear power of the future in collaboration with the company Blykalla, which has patents on design and materials for a small modular reactor with lead cooling and passive safety.”

Nuclear Energy’s Role in Sweden

The path for advanced nuclear reactor technology in Sweden may face some stiff headwinds. In recent years Sweden has shut down four older nuclear reactors which led to the restart of fossil fuel power plants. The country’s political leadership has been ambivalent about challenging the influence of green parties who want to do away with all nuclear energy use in the country.

According to the  World Nuclear Association , Sweden’s nuclear power reactors provide about 40% of its electricity.

The country’s 1997 energy policy allowed 10 reactors to operate longer than envisaged by the 1980 phase-out policy, but also resulted in the premature closure of a two-unit plant (1200 MWe).

Some 1600 MWe was subsequently added in uprates to the remaining ten reactors. In 2015 decisions were made to close four older reactors by 2020, removing 2.7 GWe. Nuclear power plants are heavily taxed by the government despite their role in abating further releases of greenhouse gases.

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Discussions

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Matt Chester's picture

What would be the unique proposition of lead cooled SMRs as opposed to the ones already in development? 

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Nathan Wilson's picture

Lead is normally proposed as a coolant for "fast reactors".  Like sodium cooled fast reactors (e.g. CFR-600 or Natrium/GE Prism), they can be used to efficiently consume plutonium removed from dismantled weapons or plutonium and other trans-uranics from spent nuclear fuel from other reactors.

Fast reactors (at least in larger sizes) can usual operate as breeders, or near break-even.  That means that they are so fuel efficient, that they can provide inexhaustible clean energy from Earth's enormous uranium reserves (even low-grade ores, which would not be cost effective for LWRs).

Lead-cooled reactors may* have an advantage over sodium-cooled types since the boiling point of lead is higher than that of sodium, which means that they should be able to operate at a higher temperature.  Specifically, they should be able to match the operating temperature of a coal-fired power plant; so coal-to-nuclear plant conversions could be feasible.  The higher temperature may also enable lead-cooled reactors to use passive cooling at higher power levels than sodium-cooled units.  (*lead-coolant also involves greater challenges managing corrosion, however).

That ACP100 Chinese SMR is also big news.  125 MW is too small for the gargantuan 2000 GW Chinese power grid; that reactor is designed for export.

If anyone can make SMRs cheap, it's the Chinese.

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Dear Colleague Letter: Funding Opportunities for Science and Engineering Research with Impact on Women's Health

March 18, 2024

Dear Colleagues:

With this Dear Colleague Letter (DCL), in response to the White House Initiative on Women's Health Research , the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) encourages the submission of research and education proposals related to women's health. Despite making up more than half of the population, women are historically understudied and underrepresented in health research. The historical exclusion of women from scientific and biomedical research studies, combined with the undervaluation of research that advances knowledge on conditions that uniquely, differentially, or disproportionately affect women, has resulted in significant knowledge and health gaps. Addressing these research gaps will ultimately advance the health, prosperity, and welfare of all.

NSF continues to support fundamental science and engineering research with implications for women's health. This DCL reaffirms NSF's commitment to fund discovery, innovation, and research translation on topics of relevance to women's health, from the molecular to the ecosystem level, including input from the full range of science, engineering, and education that NSF supports. Pioneering the next generation of discoveries in women's health will require a sustained effort focusing on the socioeconomic impact of women's health, breaking down disciplinary boundaries in carrying out the necessary research to advance understanding of relevant questions, and building a diverse STEM workforce committed to advancing women's health and the health of a citizens.

The National Science Foundation encourages the submission of fundamental research and education proposals related to women's health topics, including, but not limited to, proposals in the following areas:

  • Projects that develop a well-informed citizenry and a diverse and capable STEM workforce that will pioneer the next generation of discoveries in women's health.
  • Science and engineering approaches and novel computational models that elucidate factors that interact with and impact women's health, such as studies that examine the genetic, epigenetic, biological, economic, societal, and environmental determinants of women's health and cognition.
  • Holistic approaches to women's health and development, including aging, by moving beyond diagnostics and disease management to include novel methods for discovery and monitoring. This includes, but is not limited to, wearable devices, and other types of sensing and imaging technologies that improve early detection, as well as telehealth platforms that broaden accessibility and promote women's health.
  • Foundational and transformative research that advances our understanding of engineering biomechanics and/or mechanobiology related to women's health.
  • Advanced biomanufacturing of cells, tissues, or organs relevant to women's health.
  • Engineering research that advances the understanding of injury mechanisms and rehabilitation technologies for health conditions and disabilities that affect women.
  • Development of validated models (living or computational) of healthy and pathological cells, tissues, and organ systems relevant to women's health that improve the understanding of these systems.
  • Projects on novel computational approaches (i.e. multi-level and multiscale data, sensing, prediction) that examine the effects of women's health on mental and physical development across the life span and that support health decision making.
  • Projects that foster partnerships with government, industry, nonprofits, civil society, and communities of practice to leverage, energize, and rapidly bring to society use-inspired research and innovation that may include, but are not limited to, innovations that enable fundamental research of women's health topics, and breakthrough technologies designed for women.
  • Transdisciplinary approaches to environmental change challenges and opportunities to improve understanding of climate, environment, and health pathways to protect and promote women's health, such as research that elucidates mechanisms and/or prevention of pollution transport/exposure implicated in adverse health outcomes.
  • Studies that assess theories and models of health, aging, disease, and disease transmission at multiple scales (populational, generational, transgenerational, and geographical), from the molecular to the ecosystem level, including the interaction of environment on molecular scale phenomena.
  • Research that seeks to advance knowledge about the processes that shaped biological diversity in living and ancient human species such as effects of life history transitions on women's health; intergenerational effects of violence, stress, and maternal health; and impacts of biocultural context on women's health, reproduction, and epigenetics.
  • Research to advance theory on design and management of organizations such as how gendered aging symptoms may affect women's experience at work and in other environments.
  • Research and research infrastructure to advance basic knowledge in bias, prejudice, and discrimination directed toward women as well as the intersection of gender and other identities; dynamics of close interpersonal relationships and women's health; and power in relationships.

NSF welcomes proposals that broaden geographic and demographic participation to engage the full spectrum of diverse talent in STEM. Proposals from minority-serving institutions , emerging research institutions , primarily undergraduate institutions, two-year colleges, and institutions in EPSCoR-eligible jurisdictions , along with collaborations between these institutions and those in non-EPSCoR jurisdictions, are encouraged.

PROPOSAL SUBMISSION AND RELEVANT NSF PROGRAMS AND CONTACTS

This DCL does not constitute a new competition or program. Proposals submitted in response to this DCL should be prepared and submitted in accordance with guidelines in the NSF Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG) and instructions found in relevant NSF funding opportunities. Investigators who wish to submit proposals on any of these topics, or others related to women's health, are strongly encouraged to reach out to the cognizant NSF Program Officer(s) listed in the relevant funding opportunity to discuss the fit of their ideas to existing program. Specific programs and opportunities list these contacts. For assistance in determining program suitability for a proposal concept, researchers are encouraged to utilize the NSF "Program Suitability & Proposal Concept Tool (ProSPCT) at https://suitability.nsf.gov/s/ . Note that NSF has limitations on the scope of health-related projects that can be submitted to participating programs. More information on these limitations can be found in "Introduction, Part A: about the National Science Foundation" in the PAPPG. In addition to these limitations, investigators should also review new information regarding human subjects in NSF-funded research at https://new.nsf.gov/funding/research-involving-human-subjects .

Susan Marqusee, Assistant Director Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO)

Dilma Da Silva, Acting Assistant Director Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE)

Susan Margulies, Assistant Director Directorate for Engineering (ENG)

James Luther Moore, Assistant Director Directorate for STEM Education (EDU)

C. Denise Caldwell, Acting Assistant Director Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS)

Kendra Sharp, Office Head Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE)

Alicia Knoedler, Office Head Office of Integrated Activities (OIA)

Sylvia M. Butterfield, Acting Assistant Director Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE)

Erwin Gianchandani, Assistant Director Directorate for Technology, Innovation and Partnerships (TIP)

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You are here, a path toward low-carbon concrete.

A research team led by civil and environmental engineering associate professor John T. Fox , has secured a $2 million grant from the Department of Energy to tackle the environmental impact of traditional concrete production. Their innovative proposal aims to develop a low-carbon alternative binder using low-temperature calcined clays, potentially halving CO 2 emissions compared with existing methods of producing Portland cement. With collaboration from industry leader Buzzi Unicem USA, the project seeks to revolutionize the concrete industry, offering a promising pathway toward greater sustainabilty.

The team also includes CEE professors Clay Naito and Paolo Bocchini , as well as Carlos Romero , director and principal research scientist of Lehigh's Energy Research Center.

“This grant shows the opportunities of synergy between academia and industry and how it could lead into high level and impactful research," says Shamim Pakzad , professor and chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. "I am particularly excited about the expansion of the research portfolio of CEE departments into this area of greener cement, which opens many opportunities for future research and implementation in industry.”

Read the full story on the Institute for Cyber Phyiscal Infrastructure and Energy (I-CPIE) website. 

John T. Fox

John T. Fox, associate professor, civil and environmental engineering

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  1. QUT

    How to apply. You can apply for a research degree via our online application form. complete your research proposal. Then you can submit your expression of interest (EOI) via the online form. If successful, you'll receive an invitation to submit your final application. It usually takes between 6 to 8 weeks from submitting your EOI until you ...

  2. QUT

    Professor Mahen Mahendran is an in structural engineering expert with a special interest in wind and fire engineering. He leads QUT's Wind and Fire Engineering Lab which offers full scale testing facilities for low-rise buildings under wind loads, air-box facilities to test cladding systems, and fire testing facilities for beams, columns ...

  3. PDF Stage 2 Proposal Guidelines

    For Engineering and laboratory based researchers this is an essential section. 4.3 Individual Contribution to the Research Team If your investigation is related to or dependent upon the work of a research team or a larger research project being carried out in your research centre or school, you need to indicate clearly your individual contribution.

  4. Library guides: EGH400 EGH408 Engineering Capstone Projects ...

    The section on planning shows you how to choose a project, research a topic, write a project proposal, plan the project, select methods and methodologies, and keep records. The section on writing provides help on writing the different sections of a research report as well as introduces you to the strategies and language conventions required for ...

  5. Research Question / Research Proposal

    Research in the Built Environment How to develop a research proposal based on a properly formulated research question, ... QUT Library's Advanced Information Research Skills course (AIRS) IFN001 ... built environment, construction management, PMN603, project management, quantity surveying, quantity surveying and cost engineering, research ...

  6. Research Question / Your Research Proposal (Books ...

    Practical, hands-on guide helps beginning researchers create a mixed methods research proposal for their dissertations, grants, or general research studies. Intertwines descriptions of the components of a research proposal (introduction, literature review, research methods, etc.) with discussions of the essential elements and steps of mixed ...

  7. Research Methods Generally

    Research Question / Research Proposal Toggle Dropdown. Research Question / Your Research Proposal (Videos) ... quantity surveying, quantity surveying and cost engineering, research methodology, research methods, urban and regional planning, urban development, urban studies, UXB330, UXH300, UXH400, UXH400-1 ... QUT acknowledges the Traditional ...

  8. QUT

    Curiosity, critical thinking and research skills are vital to solving real industry and community challenges. Enrolling in a research degree means you can make a real contribution to your field, progress into academia or use your research skills to benefit your existing career. Whatever your discipline, there's a research degree for you.

  9. Expression of Interest (EOI) FAQs

    If you are invited to submit an application, you will work with your potential supervisor to create a Research Proposal which is a more thorough document. We recommend you use the current available research topics as a guide for how to complete the research summary section. Some of the specific sections are detailed below.

  10. QUT

    Our strengths, study areas and projects. We prioritise areas of research identified as significant for the world, the nation, and the state. Our research seeks to address national and global cultural, environmental, economic and social challenges. In each of these areas we're continuing to build on the strength and experience of our experts.

  11. A research proposal to improve the environmental performance of ...

    Manley, Karen & Rose, Tim (2017) A research proposal to improve the environmental performance of the building industry by increasing the innovation activity of small contractors. In Wong, S C & Chow, B (Eds.) Proceedings of the World Sustainable Built Environment Conference 2017. Construction Industry Council and Hong Kong Green Building Council Limited, Hong Kong, China, pp. 2798-2805.

  12. EGH400-1: Research Project 1

    EGH400-1 / EGH408 / BEB801. Full Year 2022 Ended 31/12/2022. about a year ago. EGH400-1 Project 1. Full Year 2021 Ended 31/12/2021. 3 years ago.

  13. PDF Queensland University of Technology, QUT

    Engineering, Information Technology, Business and Economics, and Law at Monash University. ... from QUT, according to their expertise/research interest/key subject area. With the supervisor's support, applicants should develop a research proposal that is aligned with B40CRC research activities, partner requirements, and key subject areas as ...

  14. PDF Vol. 1, Issue 4, August 2015 Proposals for the Development of ...

    International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Applications (IJAERA) ISSN: 2454-2377 Vol. - 1, Issue - 4, August - 2015 www.ijaera.org 2015 ... developed proposals formed with reference to the complex management problems identified transport infrastructure. The purpose of the study is to develop cost-based approaches to the ...

  15. External Research Funding Policy / Document / MOPP

    Section 1 - Purpose. (1) QUT aims to increase its collaboration with a wide variety of partners and staff are encouraged to seek external research funding from various sources and to participate in consultancies that are strategically important for the University. In this Policy the term External Research Funding includes all categories of ...

  16. Effect of the quenching temperature on the structural state of high

    The effect of the temperature of heating for quenching on the temperatures of the onset of intense grain growth and the onset of melting of grain boundaries is studied for high-speed steels of six grades. The mechanical properties of the tool are shown to be controlled with allowance for its design and operating conditions.

  17. QUT

    Professor Axel Bruns is a social media researcher with QUT's Digital Media Research Centre. He is at the forefront in developing groundbreaking new research approaches in media and communication studies that draw on innovative computational methods. ... mechanical, medical and process engineering. Learn more about research in our Science and ...

  18. QUT

    Search for a research supervisor, industry expert or collaborator. Research jobs at QUT. Integrate a research degree into your professional goals. Engage with our graduate researchers. Work with graduate researchers to help solve your real-world problems. Research initiatives. Learn about QUT's involvement in collaborative research initiatives.

  19. PDF Proposed Systems for Wave Energy Conversion

    The most typical and well-known technical proposals are presented in accordance with ... No 2, pp. 133-150. [Research results of the working process and optimization parameters are listed] Carmichael A.D. (1978). An Experimental Study and Engineering Evaluation of the Salter Duck Wave Energy Converter, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ...

  20. Research Question / Your Research Proposal (Videos ...

    Research Question / Research Proposal. Research Question / Your Research Proposal (Videos) ... quantity surveying, quantity surveying and cost engineering, research methodology, research methods, urban and regional planning, urban development, urban studies, UXB330, UXH300, UXH400, UXH400-1 ... QUT acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the ...

  21. How to Write a Research Proposal

    Research proposal examples. Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We've included a few for you below. Example research proposal #1: "A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management" Example research proposal #2: "Medical Students as Mediators of ...

  22. X-Energy Signs on to DOE ARDP for $80M in Initial Funding

    X-Energy Signs on for ARDP and $80M in Initial Funding. The advanced nuclear energy reactor developer X-Energy announced this week that it has signed the Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program (ARDP) Cooperative Agreement, officially marking the beginning of the company's participation in ARDP's ~$2.5 billion ...

  23. 2024 NSF Chemistry Early Career Investigator Workshop

    Each year, NSF receives more than 40,000 competitive proposals and makes about 11,000 new awards. Those awards include support for cooperative research with industry, Arctic and Antarctic research and operations, and U.S. participation in international scientific efforts. Get News Updates by Email . Connect with us online NSF website: nsf.gov

  24. QUT

    To qualify for entry to the Master of Philosophy, you usually need to have: a proposed research project that the faculty has the resources to supervise and support. either: a completed bachelor degree (AQF Level 7) or equivalent in a relevant discipline, with a minimum grade point average of 5 (on a 7 point scale) and relevant professional or ...

  25. Dear Colleague Letter: Funding Opportunities for Science and

    March 18, 2024. Dear Colleagues: With this Dear Colleague Letter (DCL), in response to the White House Initiative on Women's Health Research, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) encourages the submission of research and education proposals related to women's health.Despite making up more than half of the population, women are historically understudied and underrepresented in health ...

  26. A path toward low-carbon concrete

    A research team led by civil and environmental engineering associate professor John T. Fox, has secured a $2 million grant from the Department of Energy to tackle the environmental impact of traditional concrete production. Their innovative proposal aims to develop a low-carbon alternative binder using low-temperature calcined clays, potentially halving CO2 emissions compared with existing ...