realism of education

Realism of Education

Feb 12, 2014

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Realism of Education. Present by Miss Kamonrat Chimpalee Mrs. Siwaporn Ratanapech Mrs. Siripun Siribunnam. Contents. Overview. Introduction. Definition of Realism. Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Francis Bacon, John Locke etc. Key Philosophers. Educator, Director Teacher and Student.

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Realism of Education Present byMiss KamonratChimpaleeMrs. SiwapornRatanapechMrs. SiripunSiribunnam

Contents Overview Introduction Definition of Realism Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Francis Bacon, John Locke etc. Key Philosophers Educator, Director Teacher and Student • Characteristic Technique/ media Classroom Activity www.themegallery.com

Characteristics of Realismist • Teacher • Educator Characteristics • Director • Student www.themegallery.com

Characteristic Educator Characteristic Educator Religious Realist Scientific realist

1. Realists believe nature (God) should be the principle aim of educator 2. Studying the world carefully Characteristic of Educator Religious Realist www.themegallery.com

1. Understanding of the material world through the development of methods of inquiry 2. Should clear their minds of the idols of generalization language and philosophy 3. Deduction Approach, rational thought Characteristic of Educator Scientific realist www.themegallery.com

4. Promoter a study of science and scientific method 6. Reading , Writing and Arithmetic 5. The idea of survival is and important one Characteristic of Educator Scientific realist www.themegallery.com

7. Concern for religion , patriotism and capitalism. 8. Emphasis on the practical, includes moral and character development. Characteristic of Educator Scientific realist www.themegallery.com

Characteristic of Director Religious realist 1. The school as a place where students are very happy and convenience in the ministry. 2. The promote harmony, collaboration. 3. Create an environment within the school with a good nature. 4. Promotional activities public in terest

Characteristic of Director Religious realist 5. Establishing a library that provides students with the Bible. 6. Promote the cultural heritage of their own learning 3. Create an environment within the school with a good nature. 4. Promotional activities public in terest

Characteristic of Director Scientific realist 1. The policy of producing students who are competent to practice. 2. Formalize the rules in school. 3. Encourage teachers to use the semi-experience in teaching. 4. Create environment within the school physic.

Characteristic of Director Scientific realist 5. The equality in their subordinates and social contracting. 6. In school, everyone must know the functions and duties of his intentions . 7. Audio-visual support in the classroom

Characteristic of Director Scientific realist 8. Supporting co-create Curriculumdesign andIntegration Learning. 9.Specific degrees to teach in their subject. 10. Encourages cooperation in research texts, the actual assembly.

Characteristic of Teacher Curriculum Methods. Role of the Teacher www.themegallery.com

Cultural Literacy • Reading , Writing and Arithmetic(Great Books) • Add Science, Geology, music and Art was provided student face a situation. • Physical activityhas educational value (Locke) Curriculum • Use of objects in education (Maria Montessori) • Attention to the completeperson (Locke) • Extensive use of pictures (John Amos Comenius) www.themegallery.com

Natural Law Correspondence Theory Scientific Realism The Spectator Theory Pure Theory Method Theory of Learning. • Reality and Natural • Natural Plan Correspond between Idea and Essence Scientific Method Prove Common sense www.themegallery.com

Self-evidence and Intuition Neo-ThomistEpistemology Intuition and Revelation Cause Principle Method Theory of Learning. • Synthetic or Evidence truth • Analytic or Self-Evident truth Analysis and Intuition All things have a cause

Role of teacher • Not only facts, but method of arriving at facts • Emphasis on critical reasoning through observation • Supports formal ways of teaching • Children should be given positive rewards (Locke) • Precision and order: ringing bells, time periods, daily lesson plans, pre packaged curriculum materials • Supports accountability and performance-based teaching • Scientific research and development • Most recent development: computer technology www.themegallery.com

Character of Teacher Realists emphasize the role of the teacher Humanities should be taught in ways that areconducive to cognitive development Should teach students what they need to survive. Material presented ina systematic andorganized way, Workshop, Case based Project At the very least, should teachthe essentials www.themegallery.com

Character of Student Development of Individual Talents and Abilities Natural Intelligence and Intellectual Virtues Can servicein the real world. Retention be good for a student,Scientific character. www.themegallery.com

Classroom Activity Authentic Meterial/ Audio-visual equipment. Demonstration Thinking Reinforcement

Question and Suggestion Thank You !

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4 Chapter 4: Foundational Philosophies of Education

realism in education powerpoint presentation

A philosophy is often defined as the foundation upon which knowledge is based. However, when you break apart the actual word, a much different meaning emerges. Derived from the Greek “philos,” which means love , and “sophos,” which means wisdom , the actual meaning of the word philosophy is love of wisdom (Johnson et. al., 2011).

In this chapter, we will explore how traditional philosophies have evolved over time by briefly looking at three key branches of philosophy. Then, the schools of philosophy and their influence on education will be presented. Finally, you will hear from educators in the field and see how they put their “philosophies” of education into practice.

Section I: Schools of Philosophy

4.1 Essential Questions

At the end of this section, the following essential questions will be answered:

  • What are the four 
 main schools of philosophy?
  • Who were the 
 key philosophers within each 
 school of 
 philosophy?
  • What are the key implications of 
 each school of philosophy 
on education 
 today?

There are four broad schools of thought that reflect the key philosophies of education that we know today. These schools of thought are: Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism, and Existentialism. It is important to note that idealism and realism, otherwise known as general or world philosophies, have their roots in the work of the ancient Greek philosophers: Plato and Aristotle. Whereas pragmatism and existentialism are much more contemporary schools of thought.

It is important to study each school of thought because they shape the way we approach education today. Specifically, each school of thought directly impacts how curriculum is developed, implemented, and assessed.

Idealism is a school of philosophy that emphasizes that “ideas or concepts are the essence of all that is worth knowing” (Johnson et. al., 2011, p. 87). In other words, the only true reality is that of ideas. Based on the writings of Plato, this school of philosophy encourages conscious reasoning in the mind. Furthermore, idealists look for, and value, universal or absolute truths and ideas. Consequently, idealists believe that ideas should remain constant throughout the centuries.

Key Philosophers

Plato (ca. 427 – 
 ca. 347 BCE):

realism in education powerpoint presentation

4.2 A Closer Look

  • How does the Allegory of the Cave give us insight into Plato’s conception of reality?
  • What are some other examples of “cave-like” thinking?
  • Do you agree with Plato’s premise? Why or why not?

Socrates (ca. 470 – ca. 399 BCE):

realism in education powerpoint presentation

4.3 A Closer Look

  • In what ways does the Socratic Method actively engage students in the learning process?
  • Do you think this method improves students understanding?
  • How does this method promote higher-order thinking?
  • Elementary Example: Socratic Seminar Strategies for the Second Grade Classroom
  • Secondary Example: Scaffolding Discussion Skills with a Socratic Circle

Kant (1724 – 1804):

realism in education powerpoint presentation

Educational Implications of Idealism

When translated to the classroom, teachers with an Idealist school of though would emphasize being role models of these absolute truths, ideas, and values. Curriculum would focus on broad ideas, particularly those contained in great works of literature and/or scriptures. Teaching methods used within idealism include: lecture, discussion, and Socratic dialogue. Essential to these teaching methods is posing questions that generate thoughts and spark connections.

Paul (n/d) suggests the following six types of Socratic questions:

  • How does this relate to our discussion?

realism in education powerpoint presentation

  • What would be an example?
  • What is another way to look at it?
  • What are the consequences of that assumption?
  • What was the point of this question?

Realism is a school of 
 philosophy with origins in the work of Aristotle. This philosophy emphasizes that “reality, knowledge, and value exist independent of the human mind” (Johnson, 2011, p. 89). Realists argue for the use of the senses and scientific investigation in order to discover truth. The application of the scientific method also allows individuals to classify things into different groups based on their essential differences.

Aristotle (384 – 
 322 BCE):

realism in education powerpoint presentation

4.4 A Closer Look

  • Scientific Method Clip

Locke (1632 – 1704):

John Locke believed in the tabula rasa, or blank tablet, view of the mind. According to this view, a child’s mind is a blank slate when they are born. All the sensory experiences they have after birth fill up the slate through the impressions that are made upon the mind.

4.5 A Closer Look

  • Do you agree with Locke’s claim that “at birth our minds are like a sheet of white paper?” Why or why not?
  • How is this idea more similar to “nature” vs. “nurture?”

Educational Implications of Realism

Within a realist educational philosophy, the curricular focus is on scientific research and development as Realists’ consider education a matter of reality rather than speculation. The teacher role is to teach students about the world they live in. Realists view the subject expert as the source and authority for determining the curriculum.

Outcomes of this thinking in classrooms today include the appearance of standardized tests, serialized textbooks, and specialized curriculum (Johnson et. al., 2011). Teaching methods used in realism include:

realism in education powerpoint presentation

  • Critical thinking
  • Observation
  • Experimentation

Pragmatism is “a process 
philosophy 
that stresses evolving and 
change rather than being” (Johnson et. al., 2011, p. 91). In other words, pragmatists believe that reality is constantly changing so we learn best through experience.

realism in education powerpoint presentation

According to pragmatists, the learner is constantly conversing and being changed by the environment with whom he or she is interacting. There is “no absolute and unchanging truth, but rather, truth is what works” (Cohen, 1999, p.1). Based on what is learned at any point and time, the learner or the world in which he or she is interacting can be changed.

Peirce (1839 – 1914):

Charles Sanders Peirce is one of the first pragmatic thinkers. He introduced the pragmatic method in which students are supplied a procedure for constructing and clarifying meanings. In addition, this system helps to facilitate communication among students.

Dewey (1859 – 1952):

realism in education powerpoint presentation

Dewey also believed that the application of the “scientific method” could solve an array of problems. He saw ideas as the instruments to solving problems and advocated for the application of the following steps to meet this goal:

  • Recognize that the problem exists.
  • Clearly define the problem.
  • Suggest possible solutions.
  • Consider the potential consequences of the possible solutions.
  • Carry out further observation and experiment leading to the solution’s acceptance or rejection. (Timm, 2020)

4.6 A Closer Look

  • What did the “new” or “Romantic” side believe about education? What did the “old” or “traditional” side believe about education? Which side(s) did Dewey lean toward and why?
  • What else did Dewey think we should take into account? Why is this so important to Dewey?
  • Why did Dewey want to connect education with society?
  • What is the question of education according to Dewey? Do you agree? Why or why not?

Educational Implications of Pragmatism

According to a Pragmatic school of thought, curriculum should be so planned in such a way that it teaches the learner how to think critically rather than what to think. Teaching should, therefore, be more exploratory in nature than explanatory. To promote this approach to teaching, students should be actively engaged in the learning process and be challenged to solve problems. The teachers job is to help  support students learning by promoting questioning and problem-solving during the natural course of lesson delivery.

The curriculum is also interdisciplinary. Teaching methods used in pragmatism include:

  • Hands-on problem solving
  • Experimenting
  • Cooperative Learning

Existentialism

Existentialism is a school of philosophy 
 that “focuses on the 
importance of the individual rather than on external standards” (Johnson et. al., 2011, p. 93). Existentialists believe that our reality is made up of nothing more than our lived experiences, therefore our final realities reside within each of us as individuals. As such, 
 the physical world has no real meaning outside our human 
 experience and there is no objective, authoritative truth about metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics.

realism in education powerpoint presentation

Kierkegaard (1813-1855):

realism in education powerpoint presentation

Soren Kierkegaard was a Danish minister and philosopher. He is

considered to be the founder of existentialism.

4.7 A Closer Look

  • Kierkegaard’s Philosophy

Nietzsche (1844-1900):

Friedrich Nietzcshe stressed the importance of the individuality of each person. According to Johnson et. al. (2011), his work provided a “strategy to liberate people from the oppression of feeling inferior within themselves, and a teaching of how not to judge what one is in relation to what one should be” (p. 95).

realism in education powerpoint presentation

Educational Implications of Existentialism

Within an existentialist classroom, subject matter takes second place to helping the students understand and appreciate themselves for who they are as individuals.  The teacher’s role is to help students accept individual responsibility for their personal thoughts, feelings, and actions. To do this, the teacher is responsible for creating an environment in which student may freely choose their own preferred way of learning by giving students latitude in their choice of subject matter.

Furthermore, answers come from within the individual in an existential classroom, not from the teacher. For this reason, Existentialists strongly oppose standardized assessments which measure or track student learning.  Instead, they want the educational experience of the student to focus on creating opportunities for self-direction and self-actualization of the whole person, not just the mind (Cohen, 1999).

In an Existentialist classroom, curriculum is structured to provide students with experiences that will help unleash their own creativity and self-expression through an emphasis on teaching humanities. For example, rather than emphasizing historical events, existentialists focus upon the actions of historical individuals, each of whom provides possible models for the students’ own behavior. Math and science may be de-emphasized because their subject matter would be considered “cold,” “dry,” “objective,” and therefore less fruitful to self-awareness.  In teaching art, existentialism encourages individual creativity and imagination more than copying and imitating established models.

As described above, Existentialist methods focus on the individual. Learning is self-paced, self directed, and includes a great deal of individual contact with the teacher, who relates to each student openly and honestly. Although elements of existentialism occasionally appear in public schools, this philosophy has found wider acceptance in private schools and in alternative public schools founded in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

4.8 A Closer Look

Now that you have learned about the four main schools of thought, let’s find out which one you most align to right now. In order to do this, you are going to take the quiz below. Note: Make sure to write down which school of thought you are based on your quiz results.

  • What school of thought were you?
  • Do you agree that you align with the school of thought identified by the quiz? Why or why not?
  • What are some specific implications for you as a future teacher given the school of thought you were identified as from the quiz?

 Section II: Defining your own philosophy

4.9 Essential Questions

  • What is a philosophy?
  • What elements do you consider to be most important to include in your philosophy of education?
  • Think about the elements identified in this section, do you think all of them are essential to include when writing a philosophy of education? Why or why not?

realism in education powerpoint presentation

As discussed in section one, there are 
 several key schools of thought that reflect key philosophies of education. In this section, we are going to look at the “definition” of a 
 philosophy. We will also explore the 
 importance of defining your own education philosophy as a future teacher. Finally, we will identify essential elements that should 
 be considered when writing your educational philosophy.

What is a Philosophy?

When asked to think about the following question, what comes to mind: What is a Philosophy?

Common responses 
 include:

realism in education powerpoint presentation

• A set of beliefs

• A personal platform

• Our personal thoughts

A philosophy is indeed all of these things, and so much more! According to the New Oxford American Dictionary (2005), a philosophy is “the study of the fundamental nature of knowl- edge, reality, and existence” (p. 1278).

When it comes to our educational philosophy, Webb et. al. (2010) state that our “philosophy of education enables us to recognize certain educational principles that define our views about the learner, the teacher, and the school” (p. 50). As such, it critical to determine what school of thought you most align to as this will shape the way you see the students, curriculum and educational setting.

Articulating Your Philosophy of Education

realism in education powerpoint presentation

When articulating your philosophy of education, it is 
 essential to reflect on the multiple dimension of teaching 
that would impact your philosophy. As demonstrated by the diagram, there are a lot of factors to consider. Take a moment to reflect on the diagram, are there any elements you feel are more important than the others? Are there elements missing that you would include? If so, what are they and why do you feel they are important?

When approaching the writing of your philosophy of education, we recommend using the following key elements to ensure that your philosophy of education is well thought out and supported, no matter which school of thought it is based upon.

  • Why do you teach?
  • Why have you chosen to teach elementary, 
 secondary, or a particular content area?
  • What are your values as a teacher?
  • FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
  • What philosophy of education do you MOST 
 align with and why (revisit Ch. 4 – Ch. 9 of 
 your iBook)?
  • How has education changed historically in the 
 last 50/60 years (revisit Ch. 2 & Ch. 3 of your iBook)?
  • What impact have movements like the civil 
 rights had on schools (revisit Ch. 2 of your 
 iBook)?
  • How have educational policies like NCLB 
 and the standardized testing movement 
 impacted educators and instructional decisions/programming?
  • In what ways has the increased diversity 
 in our educational settings impacted the 
 need for teachers to be prepared to address 
 the needs of linguistically and culturally 
 diverse students in their classrooms now 
 more than ever before?

3. UNDERSTANDING OF TEACHING AND 
 LEARNING

  • What approaches, methods, pedagogy do you 
 use and why and how are these influenced 
 by the philosophy you MOST aligned with
 (revisit Ch. 4 – Ch. 9 of your iBook)?
  • Which elements of effective instruction do you 
 think are most important to apply to support 
 ALL students learning?
  • What strategies do you apply to actively engage 
 ALL your students throughout the lesson?
  • How do you motivate your students to learn?
  • How do you motivate yourself to be the teacher 
 your students need you to be?

    4. CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT

  • How do you create a community of learners 
 (revisit Ch. 1 of your iBook)?
  • What is your “code of conduct” (revisit Ch. 1 
 of your iBook)?
  • How do you engage students to limit disruptions 
 and time off task?
  • If disruptions do occur, what do you do?

     5. INCLUSIVENESS

  • Do you understand your own bias and how this 
 impacts your teaching (revisit Ch. 2 of your iBook)?
  • How are you effective with ALL students (revisit 
 Ch. 2 of your iBook)?
  • How do you create a culturally responsive class
 room environment (revisit Ch. 1 of your iBook)?
  • How do you teach UNCONDITIONALLY so 
 that all your students get the best education 
 possible and you demonstrate respect for the 
 customs and beliefs of the diverse student groups 
 represented in your classroom?
  • What specific strategies do you use to support 
 diverse learners?
  • In what ways do you act as an advocate for your 
 students, their families, and the 
 community?

realism in education powerpoint presentation

Take a moment to reflect on all the information 
 you read about educational philosophies. Your challenge is to write at least a one-page, 
 single-spaced philosophy of education paper
 that summarizes your current philosophy of 
 education.

Section III: The importance of student voices

4.10 Essential Questions

By the end of this section, the following essential questions will be answered.

  • What can we learn from student voices?
  • What insights might you gain from the student quotes?
  • What did you learn from watching the video clips?
  • What links did you make between the what the speakers shared in the video clips and the different schools of thought discussed in this chapter?

To best understand the power of an educational philosophy in practice, this section is going to provide you with two different sets of evidence. The first set of evidence comes from KSU students. The second set comes from a student and two educators in the field. As you read and listen to the 
 information being shared, please reflect on the questions to consider. Although you do not need to document your responses to each of the questions, they have been provided to help you critical reflect on the information being presented.

4.11 Student Voices

  • “My philosophical belief is that I want to 
 prepare my children, not for the next grade or college;
 but for their future in society through tools learned in 
 the classroom.” ASU16
  • “I feel that after studying several popular philosophies
 of education my personal philosophy is a medley of all 
 of them, making it completely mine.” DP U16
  •  “Every experience I have impacts the way I look at the 
 world and I will continue to strive to keep my teaching
 the same while as the same time adapting to the needs of my students.” MLU16

4.12 A Closer Look

The following video provides and more in-depth look the importance of having a solid philosophy of education from a student’s point of view. As you watch this video, consider the following questions:

  • What insights did you gain from the video?
  • Based on the information shared, what school of thought(s) do you think influenced prior educational experiences of this student?
  • What school of thought do you think this student is 
 advocating for in the future? Why?

As demonstrated in the student voices, and video by Adora Avitak, being able to articulate your philosophy of education is essential as a future educator. For your philosophy of education shapes your delivery of academic content, but more importantly guides your beliefs when it comes to working with students. To learn more about the importance of how educators view students, let’s watch Rita Pierson.

4.7 A  Closer Look

As you listen to Rita Pierson, consider the following questions:

  • Based on the information shared, what school of thought(s) do you think influence this teacher?
  • How might you apply what you learned from Rita Pierson to your own future practice?

Rita Pierson is such a powerful educator and advocate for students. I hope you learned a lot from her TedTalk! As we wrap up this chapter, I leave you with one final question: How will you be a  champion for your future students?!

Media Attributions

  • Socrates Aristotle Shakespeare Flintstone © esmemes
  • Plato Quote © TraumaAndDissociation
  • Socrates Quote © obscuredreamer
  • Kant Quote © Butrous Foundation
  • Socratic Circle © Samantha Bush
  • Aristotle Quote © Mountaingoat Seventeen
  • Standardized Test © Alberto G.
  • Pragmatism Pic © Kristian Bjornard
  • Dewey Quote © PetiteFamily93
  • Existentialist Snoopy © Rob S
  • Kierkegaard Quote © Max Lagace
  • Nietzcshe Quote © SnD Quotes
  • Glass half full © Geralt
  • Thinking © GlobalUppal
  • My Philosophy of Education © Kelsey F. Hawkins

To the extent possible under law, Della Perez has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to Social Foundations of K-12 Education , except where otherwise noted.

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Realism Presented by: Overview Definition of Realism Key Philosophers Effects on Education Group Activity.

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    Presentation Transcript. Realism of Education Present byMiss KamonratChimpaleeMrs. SiwapornRatanapechMrs. SiripunSiribunnam. 1. Realists believe nature (God) should be the principle aim of educator 2. Studying the world carefully Characteristic of Educator Religious Realist www.themegallery.com. 1.

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    Teaching is a way to serve humankind; it is part of God's work. "Leading the student from ignorance to enlightenment is one of the greatest services one person can give to another.". The soul possesses an inner knowledge. The major goal of education was the perfection of the human being and the ultimate reunion of the soul with God.

  3. The Philosophy of Realism And its implications in education

    What is the Philosophy of Realism? Dictionary: the doctrine that universals have a real objective existence represents the theory that particular things exist independently of our perception Books: It is an attitude of mind, a mode of thinking and an attempt to explain the nature of things (Dhiman. 2008) Matter has its own existence independently of our mind. A doctrine that the objects of our ...

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    DEFINITION OF EDUCATION 1.Education is the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university: a course of education. 2.Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. 3. Education frequently takes ...

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    Chapter 5. What is Philosophy of Education. All teachers have a personal philosophy that. colors the way they teach. Engaging in philosophy helps clarify what. they do or intend to do, justify or explain. why they do what they do in a logical, systematic manner. Understanding two important.

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    Realism - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Realism is a philosophical approach that believes reality is objective and external. It views the world as governed by natural laws that humans can observe and understand through their senses. Key proponents included Aristotle, Aquinas, Locke, and ...

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    Realism and Education - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. This will help students to know the use of philosophy specifically realism in education

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    This thesis holds the reality, knowledge and value exist independently of the. human mind. In other words, realism rejects the idealist notion that only ideas are real. The. realist asserts, as a ...

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    This PPT provides a comprehensive presentation for Modern Art Realism through Art Nouveau-and supports the teacher, in preparing students for the AP Art History Exam. The course is a finishing course for many high school students, bringing together math, science, social studies, English and foreign language that spans the school curriculum.

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    Realism Powerpoint Presentation - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. This document defines realism and discusses several philosophers who contributed to the realist perspective. It provides an overview of realism, which is the view that objects exist independently of the mind.

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