assignment on natural resources class 9

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science (biology) Chapter 14 Natural Resources are given below. In these solutions, we have answered all the intext and exercise questions provided in NCERT class 9 science textbook. Class 9 NCERT Solutions Science Chapter 14 provided in this article are strictly based on the CBSE syllabus and curriculum. Students can easily download these solutions in PDF format for free from our app.

Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Textbook Questions and Answers

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1: How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars?

Answer: Earth’s atmosphere is different from those of Venus and Mars. This difference lies essentially in their compositions. Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen (79%), oxygen (20%), and a small fraction of carbon dioxide, water vapours and other gases. This makes the existence of life possible on Earth. However, the atmospheres on Venus and Mars mainly consist of carbon dioxide. The amount of carbon dioxide on these planets can range from 95% to 97%.

Question 2: How does the atmosphere act as a blanket?

Answer: The atmosphere acts as a blanket by performing the following functions:

(a) It keeps the average temperature of the Earth fairly constant during day time and even during the course of whole year.

(b) It prevents a sudden increase in the temperature during day time.

Question 3: What causes winds?

Answer: The uneven heating of the earth’s surface is the main cause for the winds. On being heated more the air raises up and hence low pressure is created. Hence the air in high pressure occupy the low-pressure region causing the wind.

Question 4: How are clouds formed?

Answer: During day time, on being heated, a large amount of water evaporates from various water bodies and goes into the air. A part of this water vapour also reaches the atmosphere through biological activities such as transpiration and respiration. This causes the air in the atmosphere to heat up.

When this heated air rises, it expands and cools, which results in the condensation of water vapour forming water droplets. The presence of dust and other suspended particles in air also facilitates the process of condensation. The formation of water droplets leads to the formation of clouds.

Question 5: List any three human activities that you think would lead to air pollution.

Answer: The following three human activities would lead to air pollution: (i) Burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum (ii) Industrialization (iii) Deforestation

PAGE NO 194

Question 1: Why do organisms need water?

Answer: Organisms need water for the following reasons:

(i) All cellular processes need water as a medium. Usually, the reactions that take place in our body or within the cells occur between substances that are dissolved in water.

(ii) Since most of the substances are transported in a dissolved form, water is necessary.

Question 2: What is the major source of fresh water in the city/town/village where you live?

Answer: River is a major source of fresh water.

Question 3: Do you know of any activity which may be polluting this water source?

Answer: The discharge of waste water from homes, industries, hospitals, etc. into the river pollutes this fresh water source.

PAGE NO 196

Question 1: How is soil formed?

Answer: Soil is formed by breaking down of rocks at or near the surface of the Earth through various physical, chemical, and biological processes by various factors such as the sun, water, wind and living organisms.

Sun: During day time, the rocks are heated. This causes the rocks to expand. During night time, these rocks cool down and contract. Since all parts of the rock do not undergo expansion and contraction at the same rate, this causes the formation of cracks in these rocks. These cracks lead to the breaking up of huge rocks into smaller pieces.

Water: Water catalysis the process of formation of soil in two ways.

(i) Water goes into the cracks and crevices formed in the rocks. When this water freezes, its volume increases. As a result, the size of the cracks also increases. This helps in the weathering of rocks.

(ii) Running water wears away hard rocks over long periods of time. Water moving in fast speed carries big and small particles of rock downstream. These rocks rub against each other, resulting in breaking down of rocks. These smaller particles are carried away by running water and deposited down its path.

Wind: Strong winds carry away rocks, which causes rubbing of rocks. This results in the breaking down of rocks into smaller and smaller particles.

Living organisms: Some living organisms like lichens help in the formation of soil. Lichens also grow on rocks. During their growth, lichens release certain substances, which cause the rock surface to powder down forming a thin layer of soil. On this thin layer of soil, some small plants like moss also grow. They further cause the breaking down of the rock particles.

Question 2: What is soil erosion?

Answer: The blowing away or washing away of land surface by wind or water is known as soil erosion.

Question 3: What are the methods of preventing or reducing soil erosion?

Answer: The methods of preventing or reducing soil erosion are:

Prevention of deforestation
Plantation of trees

PAGE NO 201

Question 1: What are the different states in which water is found during the water cycle?

Answer: During the water cycle, water is found in solid state (snow, ice, etc.), liquid state (ground water, river water, etc.), and gaseous state (water vapours).

Question 2: Name two biologically important compounds that contain both oxygen and nitrogen.

Answer: Two biologically important compounds that contain both oxygen and nitrogen are:

Amino acids
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 3: List any three human activities which would lead to an increase in the carbon dioxide content of air.

Burning of fuels in various processes like heating, cooking, transportation, and industry.
Human induced forest fires.
The process of deforestation includes the cutting down of trees. This decreases the uptake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Eventually, the content of carbon dioxide increases.

Question 4: What is the greenhouse effect?

Answer: Some gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitro us oxide prevent the escape of heat from the Earth’s surface by trapping it. This increases the average temperature of the Earth. This is called the greenhouse effect. An increase in the content of such gases would lead to a situation of global warming.

Question 5: What are the two forms of oxygen found in the atmosphere

Answer: The two forms of oxygen found in the atmosphere are:

Diatomic molecular form with chemical formula O 2 .
Triatomic molecular form with chemical formula O 3 known as ozone.

Question 1: Why is the atmosphere essential for life?

Answer: The atmosphere is essential for life because it maintains an appropriate climate for the sustenance of life by carrying out the following activities:

(i) Atmosphere keeps the average temperature of the Earth fairly constant during day time.

(ii) It prevents a sudden increase in temperature during day time.

(iii) It also slows down the escape of heat from the surface of the Earth into outer space during night time.

Question 2: Why is water essential for life?

Answer: Water is essential for life because of the following reasons:

(i) Most biological reactions occur when substances are dissolved in water. Thus, all cellular processes need water as a medium to take place.

(ii) Transportation of biological substances needs water as a medium.

Question 3: How are living organisms dependent on the soil? Are organisms that live in water totally independent of soil as a resource?

Answer: All living organisms on the earth directly or indirectly dependent on soil for a living. Plants obtain water and minerals through the soil and prepare their food. Other living organisms that live in water are entirely not totally independent of soil because the microbes growing on the soil in water are the primary producers. Primary producers are the main and chief element of the food chain. Various microbes found in soil help in the decomposition of dead plants and animals in water which helps in returning the nutrients and elements back to the water.

Question 4: You have seen weather reports on television and in newspapers. How do you think we are able to predict the weather?

Answer: Weather is studied as the collection of various elements like high and low temperatures, humidity, rainfall, wind speed and more using various figures and facts with relevant instruments. Hence on the data collected by the meteorologists, we are able to forecast the weather.

Question 5: We know that many human activities lead to increasing levels of pollution of the air, water-bodies and soil. Do you think that isolating these activities to specific and limited areas would help in reducing pollution?

Answer: Yes. Isolating human activities to specific areas would help in reducing levels of pollution. For example, setting up of industries in isolated regions will control pollution to some extent. The pollution caused by these industries will not contaminate water resources, agriculture land, fertile land, etc.

Question 6: Write a note on how forests influence the quality of our air, soil and water resources.

Answer: Forests influence the quality of our air, soil, and water resources in various ways. Some of them are:

(i) Forests balance the percentages of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere. The increasing amount of carbon dioxide caused by human activities is balanced by a larger intake of carbon dioxide by plants during the process of photosynthesis. Simultaneously, a large amount of oxygen is released.

(ii) Forests prevent soil erosion. Roots of plants bind the soil tightly in a way that the surface of the soil cannot be eroded away by wind, water, etc.

(iii) Forests help in the replenishment of water resources. During the process of transpiration, a huge amount of water vapour goes into the air and condenses to form clouds. These clouds cause rainfall that recharge water bodies.

Class 9 Science NCERT Solutions Chapter 14 Natural Resources

CBSE Class 9 Science NCERT Solutions Chapter 14 helps students to clear their doubts and to score good marks in the board exam. All the questions are solved by experts with a detailed explanation that will help students complete their assignments & homework. Having a good grasp over CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science will further help the students in their preparation for board exams and other competitive exams such as NTSE, Olympiad, etc.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 PDF

Below we have listed the topics discussed in NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14. The list gives you a quick look at the different topics and subtopics of this chapter.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources

Chapter 14: natural resources | ncert science class 9 solutions pdf download.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources : These natural resources class 9 solutions are part of the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science . What do you understand when you hear about natural resources? Have you ever thought about these resources on earth? When you go through class 9 science chapter 14 , you will learn about the natural resources present on the earth. CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources deal with all the important questions mentioned in the chapter. You will get queries based on such concepts in class 9 science chapter 14 question answer . For more understanding of this chapter, you should also check Chapter 14 Natural Resources Class 9 notes, Science. In this article, you will get NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 14.

New: JEE Main 2027: Narayana Scholarship Test Preparation Kit for Class 9

Latest: Important Formulas for Class 9 Science - Chapterwise

Class 9 Science Chapter 14 question answer: When we talk about natural resources, we mean to say that we can use whatever comes from the natural environment, such as water, air, wood, oil, wind energy, natural gas, iron, and coal. Through this article, you can clear your doubts and get a better understanding of the concepts from Chapter 14 Class 9 science . Along with solutions for NCERT class 9 science chapter 14 Natural Resources, you will get NCERT Solutions for other chapters as well.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science: All the exercises and topic-wise NCERT Solutions for Natural Resources Class 9 are mentioned below:

Download PDF

NCERT Exemplar for class 9 science chapter 14 Natural Resources

NCERT solutions for class 9 science chapter 14 Natural Resources: Solved In-Text Question-

Ncert solutions class 9 science natural resources - topic 14.1 the breath of life: air.

Q1. How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars?

Earth's atmosphere is different from the atmosphere on Venus and Mars.

$95-97 \%$

Q 2. How does the atmosphere act as a blanket?

The atmosphere is the thick blanket of air that covers the whole of the Earth. The atmosphere acts as a blanket in the following ways:

(i) It prevents the harmful UV rays from reaching the Earth's surface.

(ii) It helps in maintaining the surface temperature during day and night.

(iii) It protects Earth from celestial objects like asteroids.

Q 3. What causes winds?

The uneven heating of the atmosphere in different regions of the Earth creates some regions of low pressure and some regions of high pressure.

Air from the high-pressure region moves into the area of low pressure. This movement of air from one region to the other creates winds.

Q 4. How are clouds formed?

The heating of the water bodies during the day leads to the evaporation of a large amount of water which then rises up with the hot air.

As the air rises, it expands and cools. This cooling causes the water vapour in the air to condense in the form of tiny droplets around dust particles.

These tiny droplets cluster themselves to form clouds. When these water-drops become heavy, they precipitate and fall down as rain.

In a nutshell, evaporation and condensation are the two main processes involved in the formation of clouds.

Q5. List any three human activities that you think would lead to air pollution.

Three human activities that would lead to air pollution are:

i) Emission of harmful gases and dust particles from vehicles.

ii) Combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum releasing oxides of nitrogen and sulphur.

iii) The smoke released from industries containing harmful gases like sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen.

Natural Resources: NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Solutions

Topic 14.2 Water: A wonderful Liquid

Q1. Why do organisms need water?

Organisms need water for the following activities:

(1) All chemical reaction at the cellular level occurs with water as the solvent.

(2) Water acts as a medium for the transportation of substances in our body.

(3) Terrestrial animals require fresh water for the intake of minerals

(4) Water is required to get rid of waste from the body in the form of sweat and urine.

(5) Water is essential for photosynthesis

CBSE Solutions - NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Question Answer

Topic 14.3 Mineral Riches in the soil

Q1. How is soil formed?

The breaking of rocks near the Earth's surface by various physical, chemical and biological processes over a long period of time leads to the formation of soil.

Factors that help in the formation of soil are:

(i) Sun: Sun heats up rocks during the day causing them to expand. At night these rocks cool down and contract. This unequal expansion and contraction causes cracks in the rocks.

(ii) Water: Water during rainfall after enter these cracks, may freeze and cause the crack to widen. Also, Flowing water wears away rocks over long periods of time breaking it into smaller and smaller particles.

(iii) Wind: Strong winds erode rocks down, which rub with each other.

(iv) Living Organisms: Lichen growing on the surface of the rock, releases certain substances that cause the rock surface to powder down and form a thin layer of soil.

Q2. What is soil erosion?

The removal of the top layer of fertile soil by air, wind, and water is called soil erosion .

Q 3. What are the methods of preventing or reducing soil erosion?

The methods of preventing or reducing soil erosion are:

(i) Afforestation or planting of trees. The roots go deep into the ground and hold the soil thus preventing soil erosion.

(ii) Growth of vegetation. Vegetation ensures that the soil does not get carried away by rainwater or wind.

NCERT Textbook Solutions for class 9 science chapter 14 Natural Resources

Topic 14.5 Ozone Layer

Q1. What are the different states in which water is found during the water cycle?

The different states in which water is found during the water cycle are:

In solid-state as ice/snow.

In a liquid state as rainwater.

In a gaseous state as water vapor in the atmosphere.

Q 2. Name two biologically important compounds that contain both oxygen and nitrogen.

Two biologically important compounds that contain both oxygen and nitrogen are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Q 3. List any three human activities which would lead to an increase in the carbon dioxide content of the air.

Three human activities which would lead to an increase in the carbon dioxide content of air are:

(i) Combustion of fossil fuels like coal and petroleum releases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

(ii) Deforestation leads to an increase in carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere.

(iii) The smoke released from industries contains many harmful gases including carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Q 4. What is the greenhouse effect?

The greenhouse effect is the phenomenon of warming of atmosphere by gases like carbon dioxide and methane.

These gases trap the heat during day time thus keeping the night warm.

Q 5. What are the two forms of oxygen found in the atmosphere?

Two forms of oxygen found in the atmosphere are:

(i) diatomic oxygen O 2

(ii) triatomic Ozone O 3

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources- Solved Exercise Questions

Science Chapter 14 Class 9 Question Answer are explained below in detail for better experience.

Q 1 Why is the atmosphere essential for life?

The atmosphere is very essential for life in the following ways:

(1) It maintains the temperature of Earth and prevents the heat from escaping during the night.

(2) The atmosphere contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide which are required for various life processes.

(3) Oxygen in the atmosphere is required for burning, combustion and essential for respiration.

(4) The ozone layer in the stratosphere prevents UV rays from the sun to reach the Earth's surface.

(5) It protects Earth from celestial objects like asteroids and meteors.

Q2. Why is water essential for life?

Water is essential for life for the following reasons:

(3) Terrestrial animals require fresh water for the intake of essential minerals.

(5) Water is essential for photosynthesis by which plants make foo d.

Q3. How are living organisms dependent on the soil? Are organisms that live in water totally independent of soil as a resource?

Soil is a complex mixture, comprising of minerals, organic matter, water, and living organisms. It determines the diversity of life in any area.

Plants need soil for support and also get nutrients to prepare their own food. Herbivore obtains food from these plants. And, a carnivore is directly dependent on the herbivore.

Aquatic animals are also dependent on the soil as a resource. These animals depend on aquatic plants for food, which in turn, requires nutrients from the soil.

Hence, all living organisms directly or indirectly depend on the soil.

Q4. You have seen weather reports on television and in newspapers. How do you think we are able to predict the weather?

The meteorological department predicts the weather. Various instruments are used to collect data like temperature, rainfall, humidity.

Rainfall is measured by a rain gauge. Satellites are used to monitor clouds and predict climate.

Q5. We know that many human activities lead to increasing levels of pollution of the air, water-bodies, and soil. Do you think that isolating these activities to specific and limited areas would help in reducing pollution?

Yes, isolating human activities which leads to increasing levels of pollution of the air, water-bodies, and soil to specific and limited areas would help in reducing pollution.

For example: Having heavy industries outside the main city will drastically decrease the effect of pollution on the population.

Q 6. Write a note on how forests influence the quality of our air, soil and water resources.

(i) Influence of forests on quality of air:

-Forests maintain an oxygen level in the atmosphere. And also reduces the carbon dioxide level.

-Forests maintain the temperature of the environment.

(ii) Influence of forests on quality of soil:

-The roots of the trees bind the soil together thus reducing soil erosion.

-Forests help in maintaining the nutrient cycle.

(iii) Influence of forests on quality of water:

-Forests help in conserving water thus increasing its availability.

-Forests maintain the water cycle in the atmosphere.

Science Class 9 Chapter 14: Important Formulas and Diagrams + eBook link

Did you know that some students perform better on their CBSE exams than others, despite having less time? The fact that they each employ various learning and revision strategies and plans explains this clearly. In addition to the S cience Class 9 Chapter 14 Question Answer , gathering the most important formulas and concepts in one place can help you finish your NCERT science revision faster. Once the ideas are understood, this will enable a quick glance and prompt immediate remembrance.

This helpful ebook was put together by subject matter experts at Careers360 and includes a list of all the critical formulas for NCERT Science Class 9. You can save time and quickly review each important formula with examples that you might encounter on your exams by using this ebook.

Important Topics in Solution of Natural Resources Class 9

The important topics of NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science Natural Resources are listed below:

14.1 - the Breath of Life: Air
14.1.1 - the Role of the Atmosphere in Climate Control
14.1.2 - the Movement of Air: Winds
14.1.3 - Rain
14.1.4 - Air Pollution
14.2 - Water: a Wonder Liquid
14.2.1 - Water Pollution
14.3 - Mineral Riches in the Soil
14.4 - Biogeochemical Cycles
14.4.1 - the Water-cycle
14.4.2 - the Nitrogen-cycle
14.4.3 - the Carbon-cycle
14.4.3 - (i) the Greenhouse Effect
14.4.4 - the Oxygen-cycle
14.5 - Ozone Layer

NCERT Solution for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources - Points to Remember

As you know, water covers 75% of the earth’s surface and is also found underground. These comprise the hydrosphere.
The air is the mixture of gases that covers the whole of the earth like a blanket, which is called the atmosphere.
Living things are found where land, air, and water exist.
Students can refer to the S cience Chapter 14 Class 9 Question Answer to assess themselves on these topics.
This life-supporting zone of the earth where the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and therefore the lithosphere interact and make life possible, is known as the biosphere.
In this NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Solutions, you will study these abiotic components in detail in order to understand their role in sustaining life on earth.
Quality of life and biodiversity are affected by pollution of the air, water, and soil.
For saving our natural resources we need to conserve our natural resources and use them in a proper manner.
Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Question Answer are easy to download and use offline.

Ch 14 Science Class 9 NCERT Solutions : Have you ever thought about how rain is formed? Rain is made up of droplets of water that form from clouds, and rainfall patterns depend on the prevailing wind patterns in an area. In this chapter, you will also study rain, ozone layers, and biogeochemical cycles. If you are having difficulty solving the exercise in the NCERT Textbook, please go through S cience Chapter 14 Class 9 Question Answer provided here.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science: Chapter-wise

Ncert solutions class 9: subject-wise, benefits of ncert solutions for class 9 science chapter 14 natural resources:.

The Natural Resources Class 9 PDF is very useful from an exam perspective. S cience Class 9 Chapter 14 Question Answer are created by experts, and the language of the solutions is very easy to understand.
Science Ch 14 Class 9 NCERT Solutions are created as per CBSE guidelines.
Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 will help you complete your homework and assignments as well.
If you have any doubts regarding Natural Resources Class 9 Solutions or any other chapter of Class 9 science and maths, you can directly ask our faculty.
Natural resources class 9th NCERT solutions created by the experienced faculties and experts.
The Class 9 Science Chapter 14 NCERT Solutions PDF is easy to download and use offline.
Natural resources Class 9 questions and answers are prepared by subject experts as per the latest CBSE syllabus.
Class 9 Natural resources NCERT solutions develop a logical approach and methodology towards science.

Also check the NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:

NCERT Books Class 9 Science
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Differences in atmospheric pressure are what create the wind. When there is a difference in atmospheric pressure, air moves from the area of higher pressure to the area of lower pressure, causing winds to blow in various directions and at different speeds.

These are resources that are derived naturally from the environment and without human intervention. Air, sunlight, water, soil, stone, plants, animals, and fossil fuels are typical examples of natural resources.

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Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi .

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials.

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process.

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Natural Resources Class 9 Notes

Chapter 14 Natural Resources

Earth is the only place where life exists. Earth's resources are land, water and air. Other resources include fossil fuels, sunlight, wind and minerals. Biological factors refer to organisms in an ecosystem. Air, water and soil form the abiotic or abiotic components of the biosphere.

NCERT notes for Grade 9 Science are ready to help students easily understand all concepts. Natural Resources is an important chapter in the biology section of the 9th grade science curriculum. Vidyakul's academic experts have addressed the questions in this chapter and presented them in an easily understandable way for all students.

These NCERT notes help students complete assignments on time. The notes also helps you quickly review chapters before exams. Students can learn more about energy sources by reading the article.

CBSE CLASS 9th CH-14

Points to remember.

Given below are the important points for NCERT notes on Class 9 Science Chapter 14:

Air pollution is caused by the introduction of pollutants, organic molecules, or other unsafe materials into Earth’s atmosphere

Causes: Man-made sources include combustion of fuel, smoke from industries, Burning crackers etc. Natural sources include forest fires, volcanoes, etc.

Effects: Respiratory diseases, Global warming, Acid Rain, etc.

The ozone layer is the thin part of Earth's atmosphere that serves to protect Earth's stratosphere and absorbs most of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ozone layer has a higher concentration of ozone (O3) than the rest of the atmosphere.

Biogeochemical = Biological Chemical + Geological Process

The circulation and transformation of carbon between living things and the environment is called the Carbon Cycle.

The nitrogen cycle is the recycling and reusing of nitrogen in different forms to meet the demands for various environmental activities.

It is a biological process which helps in maintaining the oxygen level.

Photosynthesis is a biological process used by plants to prepare their food with the help of sunlight and energy.

For more such important points, students can refer to Vidyakul.

Topics and Sub-topics

NCERT notes for Grade 9 Science Chapter 14's overarching topics will help students prepare for the exam. It is recommended that students complete all sections and subtopics. The "Energy Sources" chapter is easy to enter. Once the concepts are clear, students can carefully prepare for the exam. Vidyakul offers a variety of questions for CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 14. Also, students can get really good grades if they learn the concepts easily.

Before jumping into further details, let us first look into the different sections and sub-sections included in this chapter:

Few Important Questions

What are the consequences of CFC emission?

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and halons destroy the earth’s protective ozone layer, which shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) rays generated from the sun.

What are the steps in ‘Hydrologic cycle’?

The Hydrologic cycle is the water cycle and it consists of three major processes: evaporation, condensation and precipitation.

What are the uses of humus?

Humus allows water and oxygen to reach and feed plant roots. By allowing excess water to drain, organic material prevents vital nutrients from leaching out of the soil.

Learn more about in Natural Resources Class 9 Notes pdf.

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Natural Resources Class 9 Science Notes Part - 1

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CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 14 – Natural Resources Class 9 Notes

Natural Resources Class 9 Revision Notes

Natural Resources is one of the most important chapters in today’s time in class 9. It is so because the deteriorating condition of our planet earth needs awareness. This chapter does exactly the same. In other words, it makes students aware of the importance of natural resources on earth. This way, we will be able to produce more conscious children who will take care of our mother earth. Thus, the natural resources class 9 notes will be essential in doing that.

Other than that, it throws light on the different types of pollution our planet is facing. This awareness will help students understand the steps they can take to tackle it. Moreover, it lays emphasis on the different natural resources and how they are the basic requirements of every living being on earth. Through natural resources class 9 notes, students can learn about nature and its conservation in a better manner.

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Sub-topics covered under Natural Resources –

Air and Air Pollution – Through this section, you will be able to understand why there is so much air pollution and the causes behind it.
Water and Water Pollution – Over here, it explains the water pollution that takes place in different forms and the various pollutants responsible.
Mineral riches in the soil – You will get the answer as to why different soils vary from each other in texture, looks and more with reference to mineral riches present in them.
Biogeochemical Cycle and its role – This section explains to students how oxygen is not produced rather recycled in a cyclic pattern called the biogeochemical cycle.

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CBSE Class 9 Science Revision Notes

CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 10 – Gravitation Class 9 Notes
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Natural Resources Chapter 14 Class 9 Science Assignments

Please refer to Natural Resources Chapter 14 Class 9 Science Assignments below. We have provided important questions and answers for Natural Resources which is an important chapter in Class 9 Science. Students should go through the notes and also learn the solved assignment with solved questions provided below. All examination and class tests questions are as per the latest syllabus and books issued by CBSE, NCERT, and KVS. We have also provided Class 9 Science Assignments for all chapters on our website.

Chapter 14 Natural Resources Class 9 Science Assignments

Question. Name two biologically important compounds that contain both oxygen and nitrogen.

Proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Question. The atmosphere acts as a blanket, how?

Air is a bad conductor of heat which keeps average temperature of the Earth steady during day and at night. The ozone shield of the atmosphere absorbs most of the harmful radiations coming from Sun.

Question. List any two traditional systems of water harvesting.

Two traditional systems of water harvesting are : Collection of water in ponds and construction of small Earthen dams.

Question. Define anaerobic degradation.

Breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms when oxygen is not present is known as anaerobic degradation.

Question. Name the three processes which used oxygen.

Combustion, respiration and in the formation of oxides of nitrogen.

Question. What is the greenhouse effect?

Some gases prevent the escape of heat from the Earth.An increase in the percentage of such gases in the atmosphere would cause the average temperatures to increase worldwide and this is called the greenhouse effect.

Question. Give two natural resources available on the Earth.

Water and air.

Question. State two reasons each of conserving (a) forest and (b) wildlife.

Two reasons each of conserving : (a) Forest (i) It helps in retaining the sub-soil water. (ii) It checks flood. (b) Wildlife (i) To maintain ecological equilibrium. (ii) To protect the nature.

Question. Why does Moon have very cold and very hot temperature variations, e.g., from –190°C to 110°C even though it is at the same distance from the Sun as the Earth is?

Absence of atmosphere on the Moon.

Question. Identify which of the following are not the part of biotic environment : soil, plants, fish, air, insects.

Question. Name two oxides formed by burning of fossil fuels, which are responsible for acid rain.

The oxides of nitrogen and sulphur : (i) Sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide. (ii) Nitrous oxide and nitrogen dioxide.

Question. State an instance where human intervention saved the forests from destruction. Answer. Human intervention saved the Arabari forest range of West Bengal from destruction with active and willing participation of local community. The Sal forest of Arabari underwent a remarkable recovery.

Question. What are the consequences of global warming? Answer. (i) An increase in temperature of Earth even by 1°C may lead to melting of ice on the poles. (ii) The melting of ice will result in rise of sea level. (iii) Due to rise in sea level, many coastal cities will be flooded or submerged. (iv) Increase in temperature of Earth, results the changes in weather and may cause excessive raining or drought or extreme hot or cold weather conditions.

Question. What is ozone hole? Where is it found? What is its effect? Answer. There is a layer of ozone in the upper regions of the atmosphere which gets depleted due to chlorofluorocarbons and created a hole that is called ozone hole. It is found above North Pole.

Question. Which cycle is known as the perfect cycle in biosphere? Why? Answer. Nitrogen cycle is known as the perfect cycle in biosphere as it maintains the amount of nitrogen in atmosphere, water and soil.

Question. How is reuse better than recycling? Answer. ‘Sustainable management’ is the management of resources in which development can be maintained for a long time without undue damage to the environment.Recycling needs additional energy to make a usable item. Reuse does not require additional energy and hence, is better than recycle.

Question. How did ‘Chipko Andolan’ ultimately benefit the local people? Describe briefly. Answer. Chipko Movement : (i) During 1970, in Reni village of Garhwal, a contractor was allowed to cut trees in a forest near the village. (ii) When the contractor’s workers went to the forest to cut trees, the women of the village hugged the tree trunks to prevent the workers from cutting trees. (iii) Chipko means ‘hug’ and the movement began with the villagers hugging trees. It is called the ‘Chipko Andolan’. (iv) The movement benefited the local population as it conserved the forest products. It benefited the environment as it conserved the quality of soil and sources of water thereby, maintained balance in nature.

Question. Name four human activities which cause air pollution. Answer. Mining : Mining activities release dust. Thermal power plants : Air pollution caused by burning of fossil fuel. Firework on festivals : It results in the release of toxic chemicals into air.Burning of fossil fuel : In industries, automobiles,domestic purposes, etc.

Question. Name the stages of the life cycle of aquatic animals which are affected by change in temperature. Answer. The eggs and larvae of various aquatic animals are sensitive to temperature changes. Sudden change in the temperature in the water body would be dangerous for them or affect their breeding.

Question. Which of the two is a better option, (i) to collect rainwater in ponds or artificial lakes, or (ii) to let it recharge groundwater by water harvesting? List two advantages of the option to justify your Answer. Answer. To allow rainwater to recharge groundwater by water harvesting is the better option. Its advantages are : (i) Groundwater does not evaporate. (ii) Groundwater does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes.

Question. How is soil formed? Answer. The rocks near the surface of the Earth are broken down by various physical, chemical and some biological processes over long periods of time, thousands and millions of years. Finally, fine particles of soil formed.There are many other factors which play a vital role in the formation of soil. These factors are : (i) The Sun heat, (ii) Water, (iii) Wind, (iv) Living organisms.

Question. List any two causes of our failure to sustain availability of underground water. Answer. Two causes of our failure to sustain availability of underground water are : (i) Rising population : As the population increases, demand for water increases resulting in depletion of underground water level. (ii) Industrialization : Industries need more and more water to manufacture products. With growing industrialization, demand for water increases which results in reduction in the availability of underground water.

Question. Define biosphere. Name its components. Answer. Biosphere is global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. The two components of biosphere are : (i) Biotic : All living organism such as plants, animals and microorganisms. (ii) Abiotic : Air, water and the soil.

Question. Do you know any activity which may be polluting water sources? Answer. There are many activities which cause pollution of water sources such as : (i) Dumping of waste from factories, sewage from our towns and cities into rivers, (ii) Discharging polluting water from cooling towers into the water bodies affects the breeding capacity of aquatic organisms.

Question. What are the different states in which water is found during the water cycle? Answer. Three different states of water can be seen during the water cycle. These states are : (i) Gaseous state : Form of water vapour which evaporates from the surface water, (ii) Liquid state : Formed by the condensation of water vapour and can be seen in the form of rain, (iii) Solid state : Formed by the freezing of liquid droplets in the upper layer of atmosphere which can be seen in the form of snow, hail.

66. What causes winds? Answer. Winds are caused due to uneven heating of atmospheric air. This phenomenon can be seen near coastal regions during the daytime. The air above the land gets heated faster and starts rising. A region of low pressure is created as this air rises, and air over the sea moves into this area of low pressure. The movement of air from one region to the other creates winds. During the day, the direction of the wind would be from the sea to the land.

Question. “Soil is formed by water.” If you agree to this statement then give reasons. Answer. Water helps in the formation of soil in the following ways : (i) Water causes ‘wear off’ of rocks over a long period of time. (ii) It also causes the rocks to rub against other rocks creating small particles which are taken away downstream and deposited as soil. (iii) Water expands on freezing in crevices of rocks and break rocks into smaller pieces.

Question. What causes movement of air? Mention the factors which influence these winds? Answer. (i) Uneven heating of the atmosphere. (ii) Rotation of the Earth. (iii) Presence of mountain range. (iv) Difference in cooling and heating of land and water bodies. (v) Formation and condensation of water vapours.(any two)

Question. How is the atmosphere of Venus/Mars different from that of the Earth? Name two main gases present in Earth’s atmosphere. Answer.

Natural Resources Chapter 14 Class 9 Science Assignments

Question. What are the adverse effects of products of combustion of fossil fuels on the environment? Answer. When fossil fuels are burnt, carbon dioxide, water,oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur are formed.If the combustion takes place in insufficient air, then carbon monoxide is formed instead of carbon dioxide. Of these products, the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen and carbon monoxide are poisonous gases and carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Question. What is ‘Chipko Movement’? Why should we conserve forests? Answer. ‘Chipko Movement’ is a non-political public movement for conservation of natural habitat and wildlife by preventing excessive commercial exploitation of forests. Chipko means ‘hugs’ and the movement were started by the villagers of Garhwal by hugging trees to stop the contractor’s workers from cutting the trees. We should conserve forests because it helps in protection of land, retaining sub-soil water, checking floods, and thereby maintain a balance in the ecosystem.

Question. Give two examples each of the Renewable sources of energy and Non-renewable sources of energy. Answer. (i) Geothermal energy, wind energy (ii) Coal, petroleum

Question. Write any four advantages of water stored in the ground. Answer. Four advantages of storing water in the ground are : (i) It does not evaporate. (ii) It is relatively protected from contamination by human and animal wastes. (iii) It does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes. (iv) It provides moisture for vegetation.

Question. What is meant by exploitation of resources with shortterm aims? List its four advantages. Answer. Exploitation of resources with short-term aims means consumption of resources for immediate requirement without their conservation for future. Its four advantages are : (i) It fulfils the requirement of mass population. (ii) It provides industrial growth. (iii) It provides economic development. (iv) It makes life comfortable.

Question. Define weathering. Write the different means which cause weathering. Answer. The process of breaking down of rocks into small, fine mineral particles is called weathering. The weathering may occur due to physical, chemical or biological means.

Question. Why must we conserve our forests? List any two causes for deforestation to take place. Answer. We must conserve our forests as they are of great value. The reasons for conserving forests are : (i) Forests help in protection of land and retaining sub-soil water. (ii) Forests check floods and maintain ecosystem. Therefore, forests must be conserved for economic and social growth. Two causes for deforestation taking place are : (i) For industrial needs. (ii) For development projects like building of roads or dams.

Question. Name any two forest products, each of which is the basis for some industry. Answer. (i) Pine wood for matchbox industry. (ii) Bamboo for paper industry.

Question. Describe how lichens and big trees influence the formation of soil. Answer. (i) Lichens grow on the surface of rocks and release substances that breaks down the rock surface. (ii) Moss grows on this surface and breaks it further. (iii) The roots of trees grow into rocks, form cracks and widen them further to form soil.

Question. State two changes you can make in your habits to reduce the consumption of electricity or water. Answer. Two changes that can be made to reduce the consumption of electricity or water are : (i) Switch off lights and fans when not in use. (ii) Leaked taps should be repaired immediately.

Question. List the causes that affect the life forms that are found in water bodies in various ways. Name the element present in coal other than carbon that releases harmful gases during combustion of coal. Answer. (i) Excess of fertilizers and pesticides used in the farms are washed into water bodies. (ii) Dumping of sewage from dwelling places into water bodies. (iii) Release of contaminated water from industries. (iv) Release of water from dams affects the temperature of river. (v) Sulphur and nitrogen.

Question. Give any four changes that you would like to incorporate in the lifestyle of students of your age to move towards a sustainable use of available resources. Answer. (i) Follow the principle of three ‘R’s – Reduce,Recycle and Reuse. (ii) Plant more trees. (iii) Use public transport, school bus and car pools. (iv) Switch off unnecessary lights and fans, thereby save electricity.

Question. List any four benefit of water harvesting. Answer. Benefits of water harvesting are : (i) It provides drinking water. (ii) It provides irrigation water. (iii) It is responsible for the increase in groundwater level. (iv) It reduces storm water discharge, urban flood and overloading of sewage treatment plants.

Question. What are the methods of preventing or reducing soil erosion? Answer. The methods of preventing soil erosion are : (i) Afforestation : Plants reduce erosion as the roots of plants bind the soil in place. (ii) Shelter belts : Trees planted in lines around farmland reduce erosion by reducing the speed of the wind. (iii) Contour ploughing : Farmers plough land so that furrows lie across the natural slope of the land which do not allow it to flow down carrying the topsoil. (iv) Terrace farming : A terraced hillside is a series of steps formed by horizontal strips supported by walls. It gives the water sufficient time to percolate into the soil and nourish the crop. (v) Soil cover : Soil left bare after harvesting a crop is often covered with dried vegetation to prevent erosion. (vi) Preventing overgrazing : Even a very little grass on a field prevents erosion of soil as the grass has a tendency to bind soil molecules.

Question. Write a note on “how forests influence the quality of our air, soil and water resources”. Answer. Forests influence the quality of air, soil and water resources in the following ways : (i) Influence of forests in controlling the quality of air: (a) Forests help in minimising the level of CO 2 in the atmosphere which help to reduce greenhouse effect and global warming. (b) Forests reduce environmental temperature which increases the rate of photosynthesis in plants in the surrounding regions. (c) Some of the trees have the ability to absorb harmful gases present in the atmosphere, e.g., Jamun trees can absorb compounds of lead easily. (ii) Influence of forests in controlling the quality of soil : (a) The roots of trees prevent erosion of topsoil (b) Forests also regulate biogeochemical cycles (c) Many of the decomposing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in close association with the roots of the trees. (iii) Control the quality of water : (a) Forests help in returning pure water back to the surface of Earth through rains. (b) Forests help in maintaining the water cycle as well as water resources of the Earth.

Question. Mention any three human activities which are responsible for water pollution. Answer. (i) Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. (ii) Disposal of industrial waste which contains poisonous substances into nearby water bodies. (iii) Sewage discharged into sewers from household/ domestic units. (iv) Synthetic soap and detergents used during washing in household units. (v) Hot water released from industrial units.

Question. (a) Explain the formation of acid rain. (b) What does the presence of smog in an area indicate? Answer. (a) Acid rain is the rainwater which have excessive amount of acids/i.e., sulphuric acid and nitric acid. These acids are formed by the reaction of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen with water. The oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are produced by combustion of fossil fuels in industries, automobiles, thermal power plants and domestic appliances, etc. The sulphur and nitrogen, present in fossil fuels form these oxides by reacting with oxygen of air by the process of combustion. (b) The presence of smog in an area indicates the high percentage of smoke released in the air by combustion of fossil fuel in industries or automobiles. It is an indicator of air pollution.

Question. (a) What is the outermost layer of our Earth called? (b) How is this important to life forms? (c) Name four factors that help in the formation of soil from rocks. Answer. (a) The outermost layer of our Earth is called crust.The outer crust of Earth is called lithosphere. (b) The living forms get all substances of their requirement for supporting life form this region. (c) (i) Winds, (ii) Water, (iii) Living organisms, (iv) Temperature variations (due to solar radiation).

Question. How does nitrogen fixation take place during lightning?How do plants make use of the nitrates and nitrites present in soil? Answer.

Figure: Nitrogen Cycle in Nature The high temperatures and pressure created in the air convert nitrogen into oxides of nitrogen during lightning. These oxides dissolve in water to give nitrous and nitric acids that fall on land with rain.Nitrogen fixing bacteria which are found in the roots of leguminous plants convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate (the usable form by plants).The plants use nitrogen in the form of nitrates and nitrites to form amino acids and proteins. The plants are used as food by animals. The bacteria convert these compounds of nitrogen into nitrates and nitrites, after the death of plants and animals. Some other types of bacteria convert nitrites and nitrates into molecular nitrogen, which escapes into atmosphere and becomes a part of it.

Question. ‘A change in temperature in the water body affects aquatic organisms.’ Explain in brief. Answer. Change in the water temperature can affect the aquatic life in the following ways : It can encourage the growth of some life forms and harm some other life forms. This affects the balance between various organisms which had been established in that system.This can lead to removal of desirable substances like oxygen and other nutrients from water bodies. The eggs and larvae of various animals are particularly susceptible to temperature changes.So such aquatic life forms may become extinct from the related water bodies. Thus, the breeding of aquatic organisms will be affected.

Question. Write in brief the harmful effects of water pollution. Answer. (i) Causes water borne disease. (ii) Destroys microorganisms thereby affecting self purification of water. (iii) Decreases amount of dissolved O 2 in water bodies. (iv) Changes the temperature of water, oceans, leading to melting of polar ice. (v) Disturbs aquatic life. (vi) Kills aquatic organisms.

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Important Questions for CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 14 - Natural Resources

CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter-14 Important Questions - Free PDF Download

The important questions of Natural Resources Class 9 will help the students to understand the topics covered in this chapter in-depth and prepare for their examination in an orderly manner. Class 9 Science Ch 14 extra questions or important questions are written in a simple and easy-to-understand language by the subject-matter experts at Vedantu. To get a fair idea about the subject, students can rely on Class 9 Chapter 14 Important questions PDF. Students can download the Important Questions of Class 9 Science Chapter 14 PDF for free from Vedantu, and study even when they are offline. Vedantu is a platform that provides free CBSE Solutions (NCERT) and other study materials for students. Maths Students who are looking for better solutions can download Class 9 Maths NCERT Solutions to help you to revise the complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

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Study Important Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 – Natural Resources

1 Marks Questions

1. Which of the following does not contribute to the biotic components of the biosphere?

Decomposers

Ans: d) Air

2. Which of the following is the major source of minerals in the soil?

Parent rock from which soil is covered

Plants

Animals

Ans: a) Parent rock from which soil is covered.

3. Which of the following factors does not cause soil formation in nature?

Polythene bags

Ans: c) Polythene bags

4. The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates compounds can be occured by

The process of nitrogen fixation by the bacteria present in soil.

The process of carbon fixation by carbon fixing factors present in soil.

Any of the industries manufacturing nitrogenous compounds.

The plants used as cereal crops in the field.

Ans: a) The process of nitrogen fixation by the bacteria present in soil.

5. Write down two forms of oxygen found in the atmosphere.

Ans: Ozone and Oxygen.

6. Write names of two compounds that contain both nitrogen and oxygen and are biologically important.

Ans: Proteins and urea are biologically important compounds that contain both nitrogen and oxygen.

7. Which of the given options is not fossil fuel?

Ans: c) Wood.

8. Carbon cycle does not have which of the following steps?

Respiration

Transpiration

Photosynthesis

Burning of fossils

Ans: b) Transpiration.

9. How much of the earth's surface is covered with water?

Ans: d) 85%

10. On barren rocks, lichens grow after the growth of which of the following organisms?

Gymnosperms

Ans: a) Mosses.

11. How will the earth’s temperature change, if there will be no atmosphere?

Earth’s temperature will decrease in that case.

Earth’s temperature will increase in that case.

Earth’s temperature will be unaffected in the absence of atmosphere.

Earth’s temperature will increase in daytime and will decrease at night.

Ans: d) Earth’s temperature will increase in daytime and will decrease at night.

12. Soil fertility decreases due to which of the following factors?

Crop rotation

Soil erosion

Afforestation

Strip cropping

Ans: b) Soil erosion.

13. Which of the following organisms cannot fix nitrogen in the atmosphere?

Azotobacter

Ans: c) E. Coli

14. Which atmospheric gas absorbs the harmful UV radiations coming from the sun?

Ans: d) O 3 (Ozone)

15. Ozone layer depletion is caused by _____.

Ans: c) CFC’s

16. Which of the following statements is not correctly related to the ‘Water Pollution’?

Undesirable substances are added to the water bodies.

Undesirable substances are removed from the water bodies.

Pressure change in water sources.

Temperature change in water sources.

Ans: c) Pressure change in water sources.

17. The pattern of rainfall depends on which of the following factors?

Water table present underground

Number of natural water sources present in a zone

Population density of humans in an area

Prevailing season in an area.

Ans: b) Number of natural water sources present in a zone.

18. The air present on Venus and Mars has which of the following components?

Ans: a) CO 2

19. Which of the following gases is present in a high amount in the atmosphere?

Carbon dioxide

Ans: c) Nitrogen

20. From outside to inside, the sequence of regions of earth are ____.

Core, mantle, and crust

Core, crust, and mantle

Crust, mental, and core

Mantle, core, and crust

Ans: c) Crust, mental, and core.

21. _____ is the topmost layer of earth’s surface.

Troposphere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Ans: (d) Thermosphere

22. Which of the following processes convert O 2 to CO 2 ?

Photosynthesis

Breathing

Respiration

Both (a) and (b)

Ans: c) Respiration

23. Define the atmosphere and name the different regions of the atmosphere.

Ans: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds the earth. Following are the different regions of the atmosphere:

(a) Troposphere

(b) Stratosphere

(d) Thermosphere

25. The process of conversion of water vapor into water droplets is known as ____.

Condensation

Sublimation

Evaporation

Ans: a) Condensation

26. The process of evaporation of plant water through its leaf surface is _____.

Both a) and c)

Ans: b) Transpiration

27. What is the %age of O 2 in the air?

12.5%

Ans: a) 21%

28. What is the full form of CFC?

Carbon fluorine compounds

Carbon fluoro compound

Chloro fluoro carbons

Chlorine fluoro compound

Ans: c) Chloro fluoro carbons

29. From the given options, greenhouse gas is ____.

Both a) and b)

Ans: b) Carbon dioxide

30. On which layer of earth, is life possible?

Biosphere

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere

None of the above

Ans: a) Biosphere

31. Which of the following is the major component of the atmosphere of Mars?

Ans: c) Carbon dioxide

2 Marks Questions

1. During the water cycle, water is found in how many states?

Ans: Water is present in all three states of matter during the water cycle which are ice (solid form), water (liquid form), and water vapor (gaseous form).

2. Write any three human activities that can lead to an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.

Ans: Human activities that can increase the content of carbon dioxide in the air are given below:

Combustion of coal and oil

Burning wood

Deforestation (deforestation).

3. Define the greenhouse effect.

Ans: The phenomenon in which the temperature of the earth rises due to the trapping of harmful radiations by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that result in global warming is called the greenhouse effect.

5. Define soil erosion.

Ans: The process of wearing away topsoil that is rich in humus is known as soil erosion.

6. What role do the decomposers play in the biogeochemical cycle?

Ans: The decomposer breaks down rotten and dead organic matter into simpler forms and returns back the minerals to nutrient pools such as air, water, and soil.

7. Define the greenhouse effect. Write down the name of any one greenhouse gas.

Ans: The phenomenon of an increase in global temperature due to an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere is known as the greenhouse effect.

Carbon dioxide is one of the major greenhouse gases.

8. Mention some methods by which soil erosion can be prevented.

Ans: Methods to prevent soil erosion are given below:

Stop deforestation and plant more trees.

The borders of the crop fields should be planted with a few trees to mitigate the effects of strong winds on the fields.

Crop rotation i.e. growing different types of crops in the same field in a sequential manner should be applied to maintain soil fertility. The water retention capacity of the soil is also maintained in this way.

9. Write some causes of Water Pollution.

Ans: Water pollution can be caused by: -

a) Household waste such as detergent or sewage.

b) Agricultural wastes like fertilizers and pesticides are used for better crop production.

c) Calcium and magnesium compounds get dissolved in water and also act as pollutants in natural sediments.

d) Rivers, ponds, lakes, and other water bodies are used for bathing or washing purposes which results in water pollution as well as contaminate the water with a variety of bacteria and protozoa.

10. Mention the different types of natural resources with examples.

Ans: There are two types of natural resources which are given below:

a) Inexhaustible natural resources - There are some resources which are present in unlimited numbers in nature and are unlikely to be depleted by normal human activity like solar energy, air, water, etc.

b) Exhaustible Natural Resources - These resources exist in limited quantities in the natural world and may be depleted by human activities if not used in limits like coal, petroleum, and minerals.

11. Write some differences between renewable and non-renewable resources.

Ans: Some of the differences between renewable and nonrenewable resources are given below:

12. Discuss how the rivers add minerals, taken from land to the seawater?

Ans: The river passes over land, absorbs the minerals present in the soil and adds them to the sea.

13. Draw a diagram representing the water cycle.

Ans: The following diagram represents the water cycle:

(Image will be uploaded soon)

14. Write down any two methods to restore the fertility of soil.

Ans: Soil fertility can be restored using the following methods:

(a) Alternately cultivate beans and other types of crops.

(b) Using manure and fertilizer.

15. Why does growing legumes increase soil fertility?

Ans: Legumes have nodules in their roots. There are nitrogen-fixing bacteria present in the nodules of these leguminous plants, which convert atmospheric nitrogen into soluble compounds. By adding these compounds to the soil, soil fertility increases.

16. Write any two reasons, mentioning over-exploitation of natural resources.

Ans: Over-exploitation of natural resources is caused by:

(a) Significant increase in population

(b) Advances in industry and technology are the major reasons for the increase in the use of resources.

17. Write down the constituents of soil.

Ans: Soil has the components given below:

(a) It contains soil particles like gravel, sand, silt and clay.

(b) It has humus which is formed by the decomposition of dead organisms and organic matter.

(d) Soil air

(e) Soil organisms like bacteria, earthworms, etc.

18. Define soil. How is it important for humans?

Ans: Soil is the top fertile layer of the earth called soil. It provides us -

(i) Soil provides food and feed.

(ii) It provides material for clothes.

(iii) It provides anchorage to plants.

(iv) It provides water and minerals in plants.

19. What is the importance of air?

Ans: Following are the importance of air:

a) Air provides oxygen gas for respiration in animals and plants.

b) Air provides CO 2 for photosynthesis.

c) The atmosphere affects the climate by squeezing the sun's rays that reach the earth.

d) Air is a repository of some life-critical elements.

20. Write down the factors that affect soil fertility.

Ans: Soil fertility depends on

The presence of organic matter (humus) and nutrients.

Soil capacity to retain water and air.

21. Describe biological nitrogen fixation. Specify the name of the organism responsible for it.

Ans: The process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into a soluble and usable form by microorganisms is called nitrogen-fixation. Microorganisms responsible for nitrogen fixation include Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and Blue green algae.

22. Define biogeochemical cycle.

Ans: Biogeochemical cycle is the constant interaction between biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere that causes the exchange of matter and energy between them.

23. What are the reasons behind the possibility of life on the earth?

Ans: Life on earth is possible because:

(a) Earth temperatures are suitable for a variety of life forms.

(b) Oxygen is present in the air that is required by all living things.

24. What is the requirement of freshwater by terrestrial life forms?

Ans: Creatures that live on land need freshwater because their bodies cannot withstand saline water and also they cannot excrete the high amount of dissolved salt in seawater.

25. How is the climate-controlled by the atmosphere?

Ans: During the day, the atmosphere keeps the earth's average temperature constant and also prevents rapid temperature rise during the day. It also prevents heat from escaping into outer space, in this way, maintains a survivable climate on earth.

26. What is the process by which winds are created?

Ans: The air over land quickly heats up and begins to rise in the daytime. As it rises, it creates a zone of low pressure and the air moves from the sea towards the low pressure zone. The movement of this air from one area to another creates wind.

27. How does the sun help to break down the rocks into smaller pieces to form soil?

Ans: The sun heats and expands up the rock during the day. At night, this rock cools and shrinks. Because not all parts of the rock expand and contract at the same rate, as a result massive cracks form and then they break into smaller pieces.

28. What is the composition of air?

Ans: The air has following components:

In addition to the gases, water vapors are also present in the air.

29. How does soil pollution occur?

Ans: Soil pollution occurs in the following ways:

Using high amounts of fertilizers and pesticides kill the microorganisms that help to recycle the nutrients from the soil.

Earthworms that created humus and fertilized the soil are also getting killed with increased use of pesticides.

Addition of harmful substances and removal of useful components also affect the soil fertility.

30. Describe the carbon cycle that occurs in nature.

Ans: Following are the processes involved in the carbon cycle:

(a) Plants convert the atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic compounds which then go to the animals when eaten by the animals.

(b) Plant organic compounds are also converted into petroleum and coal.

(c) Carbon dioxide is converted directly into carbonic acid or carbonates when present in water and then switched to the limestone.

(d) Organic compounds of animals change into carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by respiration and decomposition process.

Diagram Representing Carbon Cycle

1. Define smog and the process of its formation.

Ans: Smog - Smog is the combination of smoke and fog.

Formation of smog - Smog is formed when air pollution exists and a high level of smoke is formed in the atmosphere. This smoke gets mixed with the fog and forms smog.

2. What is the importance of water in life?

Ans: Water is important for life because:

All types of life processes occurring inside the cell take place in a water medium.

Transportation of various substances in the body occurs through the water.

Transportation of various substances in plants also occurs through the water.

3. How do living things cause the erosion of rocks?

Ans: Organisms such as lichens when growing on the surface of a rock, release certain chemical substances that cause crushing of the surface of the rock, breaking it down into fine particles.

4. What is the process of rain formation?

Ans: Water vapors are formed when water from the water bodies evaporates. These water vapors move up in the atmosphere and condense to form small water droplets. When a huge amount of water droplets are collected, it becomes a large water droplet and becomes heavy which results in the falling of rain.

5. Explain the oxygen cycle that occurs in the atmosphere.

Ans: The following processes occur in the oxygen cycle:

Animals and humans take up the oxygen present in the air for respiration.

They produce water and carbon dioxide as the byproduct of respiration and release them out of their body.

These byproducts are used by plants during photosynthesis.

Plants make organic compounds as well as release oxygen gas in air after using the byproducts of respiration (water and carbon dioxide) by animals.

Oxygen is restored in the atmosphere and glucose is used by plants and animals.

3 Marks Questions

1. How is the earth’s atmosphere different from that of Venus and Mars?

Ans: The air present on the earth is mainly a mixture of many gases like nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and carbon dioxide (0.03%). However, on planets such as Venus and Mars, it has been observed that carbon dioxide is the major component of their atmospheric air. It has been found that carbon dioxide is 95-97% in the atmosphere of Venus and Mars.

2. Why is the atmosphere considered a blanket?

Ans: Because air is a bad conductor of heat, the atmosphere that covers the earth is like a blanket. The atmosphere significantly stabilizes the earth's average temperature during the day and even throughout the year. The atmosphere prevents rapid temperature rises during the day and also it slows the rate at which heat goes out into space at night time.

3. How is the wind created?

Ans: Due to the heated land or water, the air present over their surface also gets heated up and rises. The air present over land gets rapidly heated up as compared to the air present over water because land gets heated faster than the water. Hence, the air on land heats up faster during daytime and begins to rise. When this air rises, a low-pressure region is created and the air above the sea moves to the low-pressure region. The wind is created due to the movement of air from one region to another.

4. What is the process of cloud formation?

Ans: A large amount of water evaporates and moves to the air when the water bodies get heated up during the day. Other biological activities also cause the movement of water in the atmosphere. Along with the water vapors, the air also gets heated up and rises. When the air rises, it expands and cools. The cooling causes condensation of the water vapors and converts them into droplets. This condensation of water is facilitated when some particles are able to act as the "nucleus" around which these droplets can form. In general, dust in the air and other suspended particles act as nuclei. Clouds are formed by this process.

5. Write down the human activities that are responsible for causing air pollution.

Ans: The given human activities can cause air pollution:

Combustion of fossil fuels such as coal or petroleum releases various nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides into the air.

Smoke and other suspended particles are released into the air due to burning of wood.

Usage of harmful chemicals like aerosols, CFCs, etc can cause air pollution.

6. What is the need for water for living organisms?

Ans: Living organisms require water to perform various life processes. All living things are made up of cells and all types of cellular processes take place in water medium. The chemical reactions take place in living cells between the compounds that are dissolved in water. Also transportation of various substances occurs from one part of the body to another in dissolved form. Therefore, to stay alive, living organisms require to maintain the water level in their bodies.

7. What are the freshwater sources in different places on earth?

Ans: Following are some freshwater sources found in different places on earth:

Wells and Tubewells

Rainwater provides water to all of the above freshwater sources.

8. Do you know about activities that can pollute the freshwater sources?

Ans: We use fertilizers and pesticides in our farms. Their excess use can pollute these water sources. The sewage in our towns and cities and waste from factories and water used for cooling in a variety of operations in certain industries well are released into these water sources. Such activities pollute water bodies.

9. What is the process of soil formation?

Ans: Over a long period of time, like millions of years ago, the rocks present on earth were weathered by various physical, chemical and biological factors. This weathering resulted in the formation of soil particles. The factors responsible for weathering of rocks and formation of soil are given below:

The Sun: The heat radiation of the sun causes the expansion of rocks. These rocks cool down at night and contract, thus, forming cracks in the rocks.

Water: Water supports two methods by which soil formation takes place. First, water can enter cracks of rock formed due to uneven heating by the sun. And later on this water freezes and causes cracks to spread.

Wind: Strong winds rub against rocks and erode them down in a similar way to that of water.

Living organisms: Some living organisms release chemicals that cause crushing of the rocks. Lichens are such organisms that grow on the rocks and release some chemicals that convert the rocks into soil particles. Some other plants like mosses grow on rocks and create cracks in the rocks as their roots penetrate into the rocks.

10. By which methods soil erosion can be reduced or prevented?

Ans: By applying the following methods, soil erosion can be reduced or prevented:

Deforestation and overgrazing of animals should be reduced.

More trees should be planted to support afforestation or reforestation.

Agricultural methods should be improved.

11. What is the role of the atmosphere to make life possible on earth?

Ans: The atmosphere is essential for life in the following ways:

It protects the living organisms from harmful sun radiations by acting like a blanket that covers the earth’s surface and traps the harmful UV radiations from the sun. In this way, the atmosphere also maintains a constant temperature of the earth.

Carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and oxygen for respiration and combustion is provided by the atmosphere.

A sudden change in the earth’s temperature is prevented by the atmosphere.

12. What is the role of water to make life possible on earth?

Ans: Water is essential for all types of life forms because:

All living organisms comprise living cells and all types of cellular processes occur in water medium. All types of metabolic reactions occur in living organisms and in their cells take place between the substances that are dissolved in water.

Transportation of substances that occur in living organisms take place in dissolved form.

Water is required in digestion, excretion, and egestion-like body processes.

Water regulates the body temperature of organisms by sweating and evaporation.

13. How do living things depend on the soil? Are the organisms living in the water completely independent of the soil as a resource?

Ans: Plants require simple nutrients, such as certain elements to grow normally, and most of these elements are obtained from the soil. Plants use these elements to prepare their own food in the presence of the sun. Because all other living things depend on plants for their development and diet, we can say that organisms living in water are not completely independent of soil as a resource. Another reason is that the organic matter in the soil is dissolved in the water to provide nutrients for aquatic organisms.

14. There are weather reports on television and in newspapers. How predictable are these weather reports?

Ans: The weather forecast is based on information gathered from general patterns of temperature, humidity, wind and cloud changes.

15. There are many human activities that lead to increased air, water, and soil pollution. Do you think that isolating these activities in restricted and enclosed areas will help to reduce pollution?

Ans: Isolating many human activities that cause an increase in air, water, and soil pollution will help reduce water and soil pollution, but it is unlikely to affect the severity of air pollution, because gases can spread easily from the transmission area to other places nearby. We need to focus on the sustainable management of resources, rather than isolate them, and reduce or replace their consumption, such as using clean fuels such as CNG to replace fossil fuels.

16. Explain how forests affect the quality of air, water, and soil resources.

Ans: Effects of forests on air: Trees and plants in the forest can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, thereby maintaining the level of these gases in the biosphere.

Effects of forests on water: Forests enable the water cycle in nature to form clouds and condense to cause rainfall.

Effects of forests on soil: The roots capture soil particles and prevent soil erosion. Dead trees and plants or parts of them enrich the soil with humus and organic matter, making it fertile.

17. Write down the biotic and abiotic factors that cause soil formation.

Ans: Some of the abiotic factors that cause soil formation are given below:

Biotic factors responsible for soil formation:

Some living organisms release chemicals that cause crushing of the rocks. Lichens are organisms that grow on the rocks and release some chemicals that convert the rocks into soil particles. Some other plants like mosses grow on rocks and create cracks in the rocks as their roots penetrate into the rocks.

18. Mention down some sources that cause air pollution.

Ans: The given sources can cause air pollution:

Air pollution can be caused by some natural processes like forest fires, smoking volcanoes, sandstorms, floating pollen particles, and organic degradation.

Consequences of some human activities like overpopulation, deforestation, urbanization and industrialization.

The burning of fossil fuels in automobiles, thermal power stations and industries cause air pollution.

19. Why is the Mathura refinery a problem for the Taj Mahal?

Ans: The Mathura refinery emits acidic gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide into the air. In the presence of moisture, sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfuric acid, and nitrogen dioxide is oxidized to nitric acid in the air. Acid reaches the surface and water bodies together with rain. Acid rain is rainwater that contains acid as a pollutant. This acid rain caused problems for Taj Mahal marble.

20. How does the atmosphere function as a protective blanket? Did you mention the harmful effects of ultraviolet light?

Ans: The atmosphere protects the earth as it absorbs most of the harmful radiation, such as ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The harmful radiation is absorbed by the upper atmosphere and reflected back to space. The sun's rays are reflected back to space by dust particles, water vapor, and clouds. Because of this, the earth receives the necessary heat and light from the sun, which helps control the weather and allows living things to survive. The harmful effects of UV radiation cause blindness and skin cancer.

21. Explain the reasons:

a) Step farming is very common in the mountains.

Ans: (a) On hilly slopes, step farming reduces the steepness of the slope, and thus controls soil erosion.

b) Fertile soil contains a lot of humus.

Ans: The decomposition of dead organic matter occurs in the topsoil. This monastery, built-in , converts organic materials into humus. Therefore, fertile soil has humus.

22. What are the hazards of air pollution?

Ans: The Harmful Effects of Air Pollution are:

Air pollution affects the respiratory tract of living things, causing bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, and lung cancer.

The burning of fossil fuels such as coal and patrols releases nitrogen oxides and sulfur, and causes acid rain.

Burning fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum will also increase particulate matter in the air. The presence of these pollutants in the air during the cold season can cause the formation of smog, which reduces visibility and causes road problems.

23. Most of the land is surrounded by the sea. Then why do we need to save water? Ans: Maintaining water conservation:

Due to population growth, water consumption is increasing substantially.

Due to increased water pollution.

The water level is falling due to the decrease in precipitation.

24. What is weathering? How does weathering happen?

Ans: The formation of soil due to the destruction of rocks is called weathering. is derived from

physical factors such as the sun (temperature), rain, wind, and frost.

Biological media-through the action of plants, animals and microorganisms.

25. Write down how to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Ans: By following ways, the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere:

Both plants and animals emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through respiration.

When organic waste and carcasses are decomposed by decomposers.

Burning fossil fuels such as wood, coal, gasoline, natural gas and kerosene.

By volcanic eruptions.

The carbonate rock is weathered by soil microorganisms, plant roots and acid rain.

26. "Water is important." Give the reason for the statement.

Ans: The value of the water of life is explained in the following points:

It acts as a universal solvent.

Most of the activities in the body are carried out in the water.

The transfer of a substance from one part of the body to another in a dissolved form.

Dissolve waste and promote excretion from the body.

Aquatic organisms use oxygen dissolved in water.

27. How do forests affect our air, water, and soil?

Ans: Forests affect air, water, and soil in the following ways:

The forest acts as an air purifier. During photosynthesis, they consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

The forest also keeps the water level below ground level. The roots absorb water and raise the water level. Trees also contribute to cloud formation during evaporation and increase the humidity (water vapor) in the air. This water vapor will form more clouds, which will help when it rains.

Tree roots support the soil and prevent erosion, thereby maintaining soil fertility.

28. What is the greenhouse effect? How does this affect the earth’s atmosphere?

Ans: An increase in the concentration of watr vapor and other atmospheric gases (such as nitrous oxide methane) will prevent the release of solar radiation. This increases the temperature of the atmosphere above the earth's surface, making it warmer. This phenomenon is called the greenhouse effect. The warm atmosphere will melt snow from the polar and high mountains, which will raise sea levels and flood low-lying areas.

29. What are the hazards of water pollution?

Ans: The hazards of water pollution are as follows:

Polluted water can cause water-borne diseases such as dysentery, cholera and jaundice.

Pesticides such as DDT enter the water body with rainwater, and from there enter the food chain through producers and accumulate at various trophic levels. This is called biological surge , which seriously affects the body at the top of the food chain.

Eutrophication-Excessive growth of phytoplankton due to wastewater discharge will reduce the level of dissolved oxygen, thereby affecting aquatic organisms.

30. What is the biogeochemical cycle? What is the nutrient cycle in the atmosphere?

Ans: The nutrient cycle between the inanimate environment (soil, air, water) and living organisms is called the biogeochemical cycle.

Where i) shows the Ammonifaction process while ii) shows denitrification.

31. Explain how to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Ans: Ways to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide-

a) Photosynthesis-Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and use it to synthesize food.

b) Fossils-Due to the pressure and temperature of the earth, dead plants and animals are converted into fossil fuels such as coal and oil.

c) The carbon dioxide contained in the water is combined with the carbonate and graphite in the rock.

32. How do fossil fuels produce air pollution?

Ans: The burning of fossil fuels has the following effects:

a) The burning of fossil fuels releases nitrogen oxides and sulfur. This can cause breathing problems and acid rain.

b) The burning of fossil fuels increases the amount of fine dust in the air, which can cause smog, reduced visibility and traffic accidents in winter.

c) When burned, it releases carbon dioxide, which absorbs solar energy and increases the temperature of the earth.

33. Write down what will happen if the water is contaminated.

Ans: When water is contaminated, the following events occur:

a) Undesirable substances that can cause cholera are added to water bodies.

b) It can remove required substances from water bodies and dissolve oxygen. , which is important for aquatic organisms and poses a danger to aquatic organisms.

c) When water is polluted, the temperature of the water will change, which will adversely affect the life forms in the water.

34. Write about the nitrogen cycle in nature?

Ans: The nitrogen cycle is divided into the following stages:

a) Nitrogen in the atmosphere is transformed into the protoplasm of green plants through nitrogen fixation.

b) Protoplast is converted to ammonia by ammoniating.

c) The ammonia is then converted to nitrite and then to nitrate.

d) The nitrogen in the atmosphere is then directly converted into nitrate through nitrification.

e) Nitrate is converted to nitrogen by denitrification.

35. What is the greenhouse effect? What happens if the amount of carbon dioxide in the air increases?

Ans: The phenomenon that various gases absorb heat in the air and cause the earth's temperature to rise is called the greenhouse effect. If the carbon dioxide content in the air rises, because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, the greenhouse effect will increase and cause the earth’s atmospheric temperature to rise rapidly. That leads to the melting of glaciers and becoming a danger for various living organisms.

36. What is the role of ozone in the atmosphere? How is the ozone hole created?

Ans: The ozone layer absorbs harmful radiation from the sun and prevents it from reaching the surface of the earth, where it can harm living things. There are ozone layers, and an ozone hole has been discovered over Antarctica.

37. What is the role of the earth's soil in agriculture?

Ans: Under the ground, the loose surface of the earth's crust is present. Soil is the nutrient medium for all plants. It provides material support and nutrients for plant growth, as well as sufficient air and water.

38. What is the difference between the Earth's atmosphere and the atmospheres of Venus and Mars?

Ans: The earth's atmosphere contains oxygen, which is necessary for life to exist on the planet. It is required during breathing and respiration, two of life's most important events. Mars atmosphere has as its main constituent, and thus life on Earth is not possible.

39. What is air pollution and how does it cause acid rain?

Ans: The air is mixed with harmful substances, which changes the components of air to make it harmful, which is called air pollution. When fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum are burned, various nitrogen and sulfur oxides are formed, which are mixed with rainwater to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and then fall on the earth's surface in the form of acid rain. It is very dangerous because it can cause kinds of disturbances to living organisms and destroy buildings and monuments.

40. Why is carbon dioxide so vital to the survival of life on Earth? What are the two methods by which it is fixed on Earth?

Ans: Carbon dioxide aids in the heating of the earth's surface, which aids in the maintenance of a suitable temperature for life forms on Earth.It is also required for photosynthesis by plants.

It is fixed in two ways:

(a) green plants convert to glucose in the presence of sunlight.

(b) Marine animals make use of carbonates dissolved in seawater to make shells.

5 Marks Questions

1. What is the nitrogen cycle? Explain the different steps.

Ans: Steps of the Nitrogen cycle

1) Ammonification – The process of converting complex organic compounds such as proteins. Ammonification is the process of converting ammonia into ammonia.

2) Nitrification – Nitrification refers to the process of converting ammonia into nitrites and nitrates.

It occurs in two steps:

$\text{Ammonia} \underset{Nitrosomonas}{\longrightarrow} {\text{Nitrite}}$

$\text{Nitrite} \underset{Nitrobactor}{\longrightarrow} {\text{Nitrate}}$

3) Denitrification – The process of converting nitrite salts in soil and water to free nitrogen gas. This is done by bacteria pseudomonas.

2. Draw a carbon cycle.

Download Important Questions of Natural Resources Class 9 PDF

Natural resources class 9 important questions summary.

Earth is the only planet on which life exists and its important resources are land, water, and air. And some of the other resources that earth includes are fossil fuels, sunlight, wind, and minerals. Biofactors which are referred to as living things in the ecosystem and air, water, soil, etc forms the non-living or abiotic components of the biosphere.

Topics covered in the natural resources Class 9 Important questions are - Natural resources, The Breath of Life: Air, Water: A Wonder Liquid, Mineral Riches in the Soil, Biogeochemical Cycles, Ozone Layer.

Air and Air Pollution - The atmosphere is surrounded by a layer of gases. Some of the gases are 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases by volume. The main role of the atmosphere is to keep the temperature steady. It also slows down the escape of the temperature of heat to outer space and it also prevents the sudden rise of temperature during the day.

Ozone Layer - It is a thin layer of the earth's atmosphere. The main function of the ozone layer is to provide a shield over the earth's stratosphere and absorb the greatest amount of the sun's ultraviolet rays. The ozone layer comprises a high concentration of ozone when compared to other parts of the atmosphere. When the amount of ozone is reduced in the stratosphere is known as ozone depletion. Which results in greater UV radiations reaching the earth’s surface. The main reason for ozone depletion is the greenhouse effect and CFCs.

Water: A Natural Resource - Water is the main component of our life in day-to-day activities. It forms two-thirds of our body and helps to keep our body temperature normal. It is also used for various purposes like agricultural, domestic, industrial, etc. earth has only three percent of freshwater, and the rest 97 percent of water resides in the ocean. When any impurities are mixed with water, this is caused by the discharge of pollutants directly or indirectly to freshwater without proper treatment. The main causes of water pollution are urbanization, industries, agriculture, religious and social practices.

Soil - It is the uppermost layer of the earth's surface. The formation of soil takes place by continuous weathering and it depends on the parent material, time, climate, and organisms. Soil is a mixture of organic matter and its basic components are minerals, inorganic matter, water, and air. The various types of soil are clay, loam, silt, sand, etc.

After going through all Class 9 Science Chapter 14 important questions , provides fully solved solutions to all questions. These important questions will help the student to save their time during exam preparation and those answers are designed in such a way that it improves the confidence of the student by solving them. If a student goes through all-important questions of natural resources class 9, he can easily score good marks in the board examinations.

Important Related Links for CBSE Class 9

FAQs on Important Questions for CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 14 - Natural Resources

1. What are Natural Resources according to Chapter 14 of Class 9 Science?

The resources that are provided to us by the nature and environment we live in are known as natural resources. These resources are essential for fulfilling our daily requirements and cannot be made by man. Some examples of natural resources include water, air, coal, fuel, soil, minerals, etc. Natural resources are further categorized into being renewable like solar energy, soil, trees, etc., and nonrenewable resources like oil, coal, aluminum, etc.

2. How can we protect natural resources from the information available in Chapter 14 of Class 9 Science?

Since natural resources cannot be created by man and take a lot of time to replenish, it is important for us to protect and conserve them. Some ways to do so are:

Plant more trees to avoid soil erosion

Use alternative power sources like solar and wind energy

Indulge in rainwater harvesting at home

Use biogas for cooking at home

Switch to energy-saving electronic appliances

Indulge in reusing and recycling

3. What are the 5 most important natural resources according to Chapter 14 of Class 9 Science?

The 5 most important natural resources are:

Water: It is the most important natural resource without a doubt since we require it on a daily basis for our survival.

Oil: The manufacturing and transportation industries are majorly dependent upon oil resources.

Coal: It is also an essential heat and fuel-providing resource.

Forests: These are not only a resource providing us with paper, wood, lumber, etc. but also a habitat to various species in the world.

Iron: This has been a very useful resource for many generations now.

4. What are the two main problems with natural resources discussed in Chapter 14 of Class 9 Science?

There are many problems that can be associated with natural resources. Some of these include:

Exhaustion of the non-renewable natural resources caused by the exploitation of them is one the biggest issues and will lead to a damaging effect on the environment and the survival of all organisms.

All human activities like deforestation, air and water pollution, depletion of freshwater resources, climate change due to the increasing amount of human activity are also major problems with regard to natural resources and their use.

5. What are important topics covered in Class 9 Science Chapter 14?

The important topics covered in the Important Questions for CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 14 - Natural Resources include the following:

Air pollution

Water pollution

Biogeochemical cycles

Greenhouse effect

Ozone layer depletion

These topics have a greater chance of being questioned in the exam in comparison to other topics. Hence, students must ensure that they prepare these topics and the important questions based on them to help them achieve better scores in the Class 9 Science exams. The solution notes or any study material is available for downloading from Vedantu absolutely free of cost.

CBSE Class 9 Science Important Questions

Cbse study materials.

Notes of Ch 14 Natural Resources| Class 9th Science

Study material and notes of ch 14 natural resources class 9th science.

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NCERT Books for Class 9 Science
Chapter 1 - Matter in our Surroundings
Chapter 2 - Is Matter Around Us Pure
Chapter 3 - Atoms and Molecules
Chapter 4 - Structure of the Atom
Chapter 5 - The Fundamental Unit of Life
Chapter 6 - Tissues
Chapter 7 - Diversity in Living Organisms
Chapter 8 - Motion
Chapter 9 - Force and Laws of Motion
Chapter 10 - Gravitation
Chapter 11 - Work and Energy
Chapter 12 - Sound
Chapter 13 - Why Do We Fall Ill

Chapter 14 - Natural Resources

Chapter 15 - Improvement in Food Resources
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Natural Resources - Class 9 Science

Types of natural resources, air pollution, rainwater harvesting, soil erosion, soil pollution, biotic resources.

Solved Questions on Natural Resources

Natural resources are the materials and components that occur naturally in the environment and are utilised by humans for various purposes. These resources are essential for sustaining life, supporting economic activities, and maintaining ecosystems. Natural resources can be broadly categorised into two main types: renewable and non-renewable resources.

1. Inexhaustible Natural Resources

These resources are abundant and not likely to be depleted despite continuous use.

Examples include:

Air: The Earth's atmosphere, composed mainly of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, is an inexhaustible resource.
Water: Oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater provide a constant supply of water.
Solar Energy: The sun's energy is an ongoing source of power that can be harnessed using solar panels.

2. Exhaustible Natural Resources

These resources are available in limited quantities and can be depleted with continuous and unchecked use. Exhaustible resources are further divided into two categories:

a) Renewable Resources: These resources can replenish themselves naturally over time, given responsible use.

Forests: Trees can regrow and renew themselves through reproduction, making them a renewable resource.
Wildlife: Populations of various animal species can reproduce and sustain themselves if conservation efforts are in place.
Soil: Proper soil management practices can allow soil to regenerate and remain fertile.
Underground Water: Responsible water usage and management can ensure a sustainable supply of underground water.

b) Non-renewable Resources: These resources cannot naturally replenish themselves in human timescales. Once they are depleted, they are gone.

Minerals: Elements like iron, copper, and aluminium are finite in supply and cannot be regenerated within human lifetimes.
Fossil Fuels: Coal, oil, and natural gas are formed over millions of years and cannot be renewed in a short time. Once extracted and used, they are gone.

Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is composed of various gases, with nitrogen and oxygen being the most abundant. Other gases, such as carbon dioxide, argon, and trace amounts of other gases, also contribute to the composition of air. Air is essential for sustaining life on Earth and plays a crucial role in many natural processes.

The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth and is held in place by gravity. It is divided into different layers based on altitude, each with distinct characteristics. The main layers, from lowest to highest, are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. The atmosphere serves several important functions:

Protection: The atmosphere acts as a protective shield, absorbing and scattering harmful solar radiation (UV rays) and cosmic rays. It prevents these radiations from reaching the Earth's surface and causing damage to living organisms.
Climate Regulation: The atmosphere plays a vital role in regulating the Earth's temperature. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and water vapour, trap heat and maintain the planet's temperature within a habitable range. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect.
Weather Patterns: The movement of air masses and the distribution of heat contribute to the formation of weather patterns. The atmosphere carries moisture, which condenses to form clouds and precipitation. Wind patterns are influenced by differences in temperature and pressure.
Oxygen Supply: Oxygen, present in the atmosphere, is essential for the respiration of humans, animals, and most organisms. It supports cellular processes and energy production.
Carbon Cycle: The atmosphere is involved in the carbon cycle, where carbon dioxide is exchanged between the atmosphere, oceans, and land through processes like photosynthesis and respiration.

Wind: Causes and Patterns

Air movement, known as wind, is a fundamental aspect of our atmosphere, influencing our daily experiences and weather patterns. The intricate dance of wind is driven by various factors, including temperature differentials, pressure variations, and Earth's rotation.

Causes of Air Movement: The primary driver of air movement is the uneven heating of the Earth's surface by solar radiation. This process creates variations in temperature and pressure, prompting air to flow from areas of high pressure to those of low pressure. These movements give rise to the diverse wind patterns we observe.
Temperature and Pressure Gradients: The intensity and character of wind, whether a gentle breeze or a powerful storm, depend on the degree of temperature and pressure differences between regions. Regions receiving more sunlight become warmer, leading to the expansion of air and lower pressure. Conversely, cooler regions experience denser air and higher pressure. This contrast in pressure propels the air, creating wind currents.
Diurnal Air Movement: Coastal areas exhibit distinct air movement patterns due to the uneven heating of land and water. During the day, land heats up more quickly than water, causing cooler air from the sea to flow toward the warmer land. It is known as the sea breeze. At night, the land cools rapidly, leading to a reversal in air flow as cooler air from the land moves toward the warmer sea. This is known as a land breeze. These shifts are driven by the variations in heating rates between land and water.

Diagram of Sea and Land Breezes - CREST Olympiads

Vertical Air Movement and Fronts: The interplay of temperature and pressure gradients also leads to vertical air movement. Warmer air near the surface, being lighter, rises, creating a low-pressure area. This uplift can lead to cloud formation and precipitation. Additionally, the collision of warm and cold air masses generates fronts and depressions, contributing to the complexity of Earth's atmospheric dynamics.

Vertical Air Movement: Cloud Formation - CREST Olympiads

The Coriolis Effect: The Coriolis Effect is a phenomenon that occurs due to the Earth's rotation. When objects, like air or water, move across the Earth's surface, they appear to be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This deflection happens because the Earth is rotating beneath these moving objects.

Imagine you're standing on a spinning carousel, and you throw a ball to someone across from you. To you, the ball appears to curve as it travels, even though you threw it in a straight line. This is similar to how the Coriolis Effect works. The Earth is like that spinning carousel, and anything that moves across its surface, like air masses or ocean currents, seems to curve due to the Earth's rotation.

The Coriolis Effect has a significant impact on various phenomena, especially large-scale movements like global wind patterns and ocean currents. It influences the way weather systems, like hurricanes, rotate and move. This effect is essential for understanding Earth's dynamic systems and how they interact with its rotation.

Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful substances in the air that can have adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ecosystems. These pollutants can originate from natural sources, such as volcanic eruptions and wildfires, or human activities, such as industrial processes, transportation, and burning of fossil fuels.

Common Air pollutants

Particulate matter (PM): Tiny solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in the air.
Ground-level ozone (O 3 ): A component of smog formed by the reaction of pollutants in the presence of sunlight.
Nitrogen oxides (NOx): Gases produced from combustion processes, contributing to smog and acid rain.
Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ): A gas produced from burning fossil fuels and industrial processes, leading to acid rain.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Gases emitted from vehicles, industrial processes, and solvents.
Carbon monoxide (CO): A colourless, odourless gas produced by incomplete combustion.

Effects of Air Pollution

Air pollution can have a range of negative effects on human health, the environment, and the atmosphere:

Health Impacts: Air pollutants can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, aggravate asthma, and lead to premature death. Long-term exposure to polluted air is linked to chronic health conditions.
Environmental Impact: Air pollution can harm plant life, damage crops, and acidify soils. It can also affect aquatic ecosystems by contaminating water bodies through deposition.
Smog Formation: High levels of air pollutants can lead to the formation of smog, a type of air pollution characterised by a hazy appearance and poor visibility.
Global Warming: Some air pollutants, such as carbon dioxide and methane, contribute to global warming by enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing temperature rise.
Ozone Depletion: Certain pollutants can lead to the depletion of the ozone layer, allowing harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing the risk of skin cancer and other health issues.
Acid Rain: Pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can combine with water vapour in the atmosphere to form acid rain. Acid rain damages vegetation, aquatic ecosystems, and buildings.

Water is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless substance that covers about 71% of Earth's surface. It exists in various forms – solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (water vapour) – and plays a fundamental role in supporting life on our planet. Water is a universal solvent, meaning it can dissolve a wide variety of substances, making it essential for many biochemical processes. It is also a major component of all living organisms.

Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere refers to the total amount of water on Earth's surface, including oceans, rivers, lakes, glaciers, groundwater, and even water vapour in the atmosphere. It's a dynamic system where water constantly moves and cycles through different forms and locations.

Water Pollution

Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies – including rivers, lakes, oceans, and groundwater – by harmful substances. Pollutants can originate from various sources and have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, human health, and the environment.

Sources of Water Pollution

a) Point Sources of Water Pollution: Point sources are pollution discharge points that have a specific and identifiable location from which pollutants are directly released into water bodies. These sources are usually well-defined and relatively easier to monitor and regulate. Because point sources have a fixed location, it is often possible to implement pollution control measures, such as installing treatment systems, before the pollutants are discharged into water bodies. Regulations and permits can be issued to ensure that the released pollutants meet acceptable standards.

Some examples of point sources include:

Factories and industrial facilities that release wastewater containing chemicals, heavy metals, and other pollutants.
Power plants that discharge heated water into water bodies.
Sewage treatment plants that release treated or untreated wastewater.
Underground coal mines and oil wells may release pollutants into groundwater.

b) Non-point Sources of Water Pollution: Non-point sources are diffuse and scattered pollution inputs that do not have a specific discharge point. They result from the runoff of pollutants from various land surfaces, making them more challenging to identify and control.

Some examples of non-point sources include:

Runoff from agricultural fields carrying fertilisers, pesticides, and soil particles.
Urban runoff from roads, streets, and parking lots carrying oil, chemicals, and litter.
Runoff from lawns and gardens containing fertilisers and pesticides.
Erosion from construction sites, logging areas, and disturbed land.

Causes of Water Pollution

Industrial Discharges: Factories and industries release various chemicals, heavy metals, and pollutants into water bodies through their wastewater.
Agricultural Runoff: Excessive use of fertilisers, pesticides, and herbicides in agriculture can lead to runoff that carries these chemicals into water bodies.
Sewage and Wastewater: Improperly treated or untreated sewage and wastewater release harmful pathogens and pollutants into water bodies.
Oil Spills: Accidental or intentional release of oil into water bodies can harm aquatic life and degrade water quality.
Plastic and Trash: Improper disposal of plastic waste and other debris can accumulate in water bodies, harming marine life and ecosystems.
Mining Activities: Mining operations can release heavy metals and toxic substances into nearby water bodies.

Effects of Water Pollution

Impact on Human Health: Contaminated water sources can lead to various waterborne diseases, including cholera, typhoid, dysentery, hepatitis, and gastrointestinal infections. Pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and parasites present in polluted water can cause severe illnesses and even death, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and water treatment facilities.
Aquatic Ecosystem Damage: Pollutants can disrupt aquatic ecosystems, killing aquatic organisms, disrupting food chains, and reducing biodiversity.
Loss of Biodiversity: Water pollution can harm aquatic plants and animals, leading to habitat destruction and a loss of biodiversity. Many species of fish, amphibians, and invertebrates are sensitive to changes in water quality and can be severely impacted by pollution. This can disrupt entire food chains and ecological relationships.
Depletion of Oxygen: Organic pollutants from sewage and industrial waste can lead to increased microbial activity during decomposition. As microorganisms break down these pollutants, they consume oxygen from the water, leading to reduced oxygen levels. Low oxygen levels (hypoxia) can cause "dead zones" where aquatic life cannot survive.
Economic Impact: Industries that rely on clean water, like fishing and tourism, can suffer economic losses due to polluted water bodies.
Food Chain Contamination: Pollutants can accumulate in the food chain, affecting both aquatic and human organisms that rely on contaminated sources.
Eutrophication: Eutrophication is a process that occurs when water bodies, such as lakes, rivers, and ponds, become enriched with excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrients often come from sources like agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and industrial effluents. The excessive nutrients cause rapid growth of algae and aquatic plants, leading to a series of detrimental effects.

Preventing Water Pollution

Efforts to prevent water pollution include:

Regulations: Governments enact laws and regulations to limit pollutant discharges and protect water quality.
Wastewater Treatment: Industries and municipalities treat their wastewater before releasing it into water bodies.
Waste Management: Proper disposal and recycling of waste, especially plastics, can prevent pollutants from entering water bodies.
Conservation Practices: Implementing sustainable agriculture practices, reducing fertiliser use, and promoting responsible waste disposal can help prevent pollution.
Public Awareness: Educating individuals about the importance of clean water and responsible behaviour can lead to more conscious water use and pollution prevention.

Rainwater harvesting is a technique used to collect and store rainwater for various purposes. It involves the capture of rainwater from surfaces like rooftops, which is then stored in tanks or underground reservoirs. Rainwater harvesting can provide a sustainable source of fresh water in areas with low rainfall or limited access to surface or groundwater. It has several benefits:

Water Conservation: Harvesting rainwater reduces the demand for other water sources, easing pressure on freshwater supplies.
Reduced Flooding: Collecting rainwater reduces surface runoff, which can help mitigate flooding during heavy rainfall.
Groundwater Recharge: By infiltrating into the ground, harvested rainwater can replenish underground aquifers and maintain groundwater levels.
Cost Savings: Rainwater harvesting can reduce the cost of water bills, especially for non-potable uses like irrigation and toilet flushing.

Soil is a complex mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, air, and living organisms that covers the Earth's land surface. It plays a crucial role in supporting plant growth, providing nutrients to organisms, filtering and storing water, and serving as a habitat for various organisms. Soil is formed through the process of weathering of rocks and the accumulation of organic material over time.

Formation of Soil

Soil formation is a gradual process influenced by various factors, including climate, parent material (rock from which soil forms), topography, organisms, and time. The process involves physical, chemical, and biological interactions:

Weathering: Weathering is the initial step where rocks are broken down into smaller particles. Physical weathering involves processes like freezing and thawing that break rocks apart. Chemical weathering involves reactions with water, gases, and minerals, leading to rock decomposition.
Organic Matter Accumulation: As plants and animals decay, they contribute organic matter to the soil. This organic matter enriches the soil's fertility by providing nutrients and creating a better environment for organisms.
Leaching: Water moving through the soil can carry dissolved minerals and nutrients from the upper layers down to the lower layers. Leaching plays a crucial role in redistributing nutrients within the soil profile.
Mineralization: Organic matter present in the soil decomposes over time through microbial activity. This decomposition releases nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, into the soil.
Humus Formation: Partially decomposed organic matter accumulates as dark, nutrient-rich humus. Humus enhances soil structure, water-holding capacity, and nutrient retention.
Soil Horizons: Over time, distinct layers or horizons form within the soil profile. Each horizon has its own unique characteristics, including texture, colour, and nutrient content. The different horizons are labelled as O, A, B, C, and sometimes even deeper layers.

Composition of Soil

Soil is a complex mixture of various components, each contributing to its overall characteristics and properties. The composition of soil includes:

Mineral Particles: Soil is primarily composed of mineral particles, which are categorised based on their size: sand, silt, and clay. Sand particles are the largest, followed by silt particles, and clay particles are the smallest. The relative proportions of these particles determine the soil's texture. Sandy soils have larger particles, allowing for good drainage but lower water-holding capacity. Clay soils have small particles, leading to higher water retention but poor drainage. Silt falls between these two extremes.
Organic Matter: Organic matter in the soil consists of decomposed plant and animal materials. It plays a crucial role in soil fertility, structure, and nutrient availability. Organic matter improves soil's water-holding capacity, aeration, and nutrient-holding capacity. It also provides a habitat for beneficial soil organisms.
Water: Water is present in the spaces between soil particles. It is essential for plant growth and nutrient transportation within the soil. The amount of water soil can hold depends on its texture and structure.
Air: Air also occupies the spaces between soil particles. Adequate air circulation in the soil is crucial for root respiration and the survival of soil organisms.

The relative proportions of these components influence soil properties such as drainage, water-holding capacity, aeration, fertility, and suitability for plant growth.

Types of Soil

Soils are categorised based on their particle size and properties:

Clay Soil: This type of soil has fine particles and retains water well. It can become easily compacted, leading to drainage issues and poor aeration.
Sandy Soil: Sandy soil has larger particles and doesn't retain water well. It provides good drainage and aeration but may lack essential nutrients.
Silt Soil: Silt soil contains fine particles that are smaller than sand but larger than clay. It has good water retention and drainage properties and is fertile.
Loam Soil: Loam soil is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay. It has good water-holding capacity, and proper drainage, and is considered ideal for plant growth.
Peat Soil: Peat soil is rich in organic matter and retains a lot of moisture. It's often found in wetlands and can be fertile but requires careful management.

Effect of Minerals on Soil Fertility

Limestone: Limestone is calcium carbonate and can neutralise acidic soils, raising pH. It enhances fertility by improving nutrient availability in slightly acidic soils.
Phosphate Minerals: Minerals like apatite provide phosphorus, a crucial nutrient for plant growth. Adding phosphate-rich minerals or fertilisers enhances soil fertility.
Potassium Minerals: Minerals like feldspar release potassium as the weather. Potassium is essential for root development and overall plant health.
Organic Matter: Adding materials like compost, manure, and plant residues improves soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability, thus boosting fertility.
Micronutrient-Bearing Minerals: Minerals containing micronutrients like iron, zinc, and copper contribute to soil fertility by providing essential trace elements for plants.

Soil erosion is the process of detachment and movement of soil particles from their original location by agents like water, wind, and human activities.

Causes of Soil Erosion

Water Erosion: This type of erosion occurs due to the impact of rainfall, surface runoff, and water currents. Raindrops dislodge soil particles, which can be transported by flowing water. Streams, rivers, and even ocean currents can carry away eroded soil. Water erosion is particularly prominent on sloped landscapes.
Wind Erosion: Wind erosion is common in arid and semi-arid regions with sparse vegetation cover. Strong winds lift and carry loose soil particles, causing them to collide with other surfaces or drop in different areas. This process is most likely to happen when the soil is dry and lacks vegetation to anchor it.
Human Activities: Human-induced factors can greatly accelerate soil erosion:
Deforestation: Removing trees and plants exposes soil to the impact of raindrops and reduces root systems that help hold soil in place.
Construction: Grading and construction activities disturb the soil's natural structure and increase its vulnerability to erosion.
Overgrazing: Continuous grazing by livestock removes vegetation cover, leaving the soil exposed to erosive forces.

Improper Agricultural Practices: Practices like ploughing along slopes, leaving fields bare between crops, and not implementing proper soil conservation measures can lead to soil erosion.

Effects of Soil Erosion

Soil erosion can have significant and far-reaching impacts on both the environment and human activities. Some of the key effects of soil erosion include:

Loss of Fertility: Eroded topsoil contains valuable nutrients and organic matter essential for plant growth. As this nutrient-rich layer is carried away, the remaining soil becomes less fertile, leading to decreased agricultural productivity.
Reduced Agricultural Productivity: The loss of fertile topsoil directly affects crop yields and agricultural productivity. Farmers may experience lower harvests and struggle to grow healthy crops.
Sedimentation: Eroded soil particles can be transported by water runoff into rivers, lakes, and other water bodies. This sedimentation not only reduces the water-holding capacity of these bodies but also degrades water quality by carrying pollutants and nutrients. Aquatic habitats and ecosystems can suffer as a result.
Landslide Risk: Soil erosion weakens the stability of slopes and hillsides. As the protective topsoil layer is eroded, the underlying soil becomes more prone to landslides, especially during heavy rainfall or other erosive events. Landslides can damage infrastructure, disrupt communities, and pose safety risks.
Impact on Infrastructure: Eroded soil can accumulate in areas such as roads, ditches, and drainage systems, causing blockages and reducing the efficiency of these structures. This can lead to increased maintenance costs and disruptions to transportation.
Desertification: In severe cases, continuous soil erosion can lead to the expansion of desert-like conditions, where fertile land turns into unproductive arid landscapes. This process, known as desertification, has serious consequences for local communities and ecosystems.
Economic Consequences: The negative effects of soil erosion can result in economic losses for agricultural sectors, increased expenses for sediment cleanup in water bodies, and the need for soil conservation efforts. These economic impacts can ripple through communities and regions.

Prevention of Soil Erosion

Implementing effective soil erosion prevention measures is crucial for maintaining soil health and sustainability. Some key strategies for preventing soil erosion include:

Plant Vegetative Cover: Planting and maintaining vegetation, such as grasses, shrubs, and trees, provides natural protection against soil erosion. The vegetation acts as a barrier, reducing the impact of raindrops and wind on the soil surface, and preventing detachment and erosion.
Terracing: Constructing terraces on slopes involves creating level platforms with short vertical slopes. Terracing slows down the flow of water down the slope, allowing more time for water to infiltrate the soil. This helps to reduce erosion and retain moisture.
Contour Farming: Ploughing and planting crops perpendicular to the slope contour rather than following the slope helps to slow down water runoff. This method reduces the speed at which water flows across the land, minimising erosion and allowing water to infiltrate the soil more effectively.
Cover Crops: Planting cover crops, also known as green manure, between main crops, helps protect the soil from erosion during periods when the main crops are not growing. Cover crops improve soil structure, reduce surface runoff, and prevent soil from being exposed to erosive forces.
Mulching: Applying a layer of organic or synthetic materials, such as straw, wood chips, or plastic, to the soil surface helps to reduce erosion by creating a protective barrier. Mulch slows down water flow, prevents soil splashing, and promotes water infiltration.
Windbreaks: Planting rows of trees or shrubs along the edges of fields helps reduce wind erosion by acting as a wind barrier. Windbreaks also provide habitat for wildlife and can have multiple benefits beyond erosion prevention.
Erosion-Control Structures: Installing physical structures like silt fences, check dams, and sediment ponds in areas prone to erosion can capture sediment and prevent it from entering water bodies.
Sustainable Land Management: Adopting integrated land management practices that take into account soil health, water management, and crop selection can contribute to long-term erosion prevention.

Soil pollution refers to the contamination of soil with pollutants such as chemicals, heavy metals, pesticides, industrial waste, and sewage.

Causes of Soil Pollution

Soil pollution occurs due to various human activities that introduce harmful substances into the soil, affecting its quality and fertility. Some key causes of soil pollution include:

Industrial Activities: Industries release pollutants and hazardous chemicals into the environment. These pollutants can find their way into the soil through various pathways, contaminating it with heavy metals, toxins, and synthetic chemicals.
Agricultural Chemicals: The excessive use of pesticides, herbicides, and synthetic fertilisers in agriculture can lead to the accumulation of toxic chemicals in the soil. These chemicals can disrupt soil ecosystems and impact both soil and water quality.
Improper Waste Disposal: The improper disposal of various types of waste, including untreated sewage, household waste, and electronic waste, can contaminate the soil. Toxic substances from these wastes can leach into the soil, posing risks to human health and the environment.
Mining Activities: Mining operations can release heavy metals, toxic chemicals, and acidic substances into the soil. These contaminants can persist in the soil for long periods, affecting soil structure and fertility.
Urbanization: The expansion of urban areas brings increased construction activities, vehicle emissions, and waste generation. Urban waste disposal, improper management of construction materials, and vehicle-related pollutants can all contribute to soil pollution.
Deforestation: Clearing forests for agriculture or development exposes the soil to erosion and degradation. Soil in deforested areas is more vulnerable to pollution from other sources due to reduced vegetation cover.
Contaminated Water Irrigation: Using contaminated water for irrigation can introduce pollutants and toxins into the soil. Irrigation with untreated or polluted water can lead to the accumulation of salts, heavy metals, and pathogens in the soil.
Atmospheric Deposition: Airborne pollutants, such as heavy metals, can be deposited onto the soil through rain, dust, and industrial emissions. These pollutants can accumulate in the soil over time.
Chemical Spills and Accidents: Accidental spills of chemicals, oil, or hazardous substances can lead to immediate soil contamination. These spills can impact the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties.
Landfill Leachate: Leachate from landfills contains a mixture of pollutants that can seep into the surrounding soil, contaminating it with a range of hazardous substances.

Effects of Soil Pollution

Soil pollution has far-reaching consequences for the environment, human health, and ecosystems. Some of the key effects of soil pollution include:

Reduced Soil Fertility: Pollutants in the soil can disrupt the natural nutrient balance, making essential nutrients less available to plants. This results in reduced crop yields and overall plant growth, impacting agricultural productivity.
Contaminated Food Chain: Pollutants present in the soil can be taken up by plants and subsequently transferred to animals and humans through the food chain. This can lead to the accumulation of harmful substances in edible parts of plants and animals, posing risks to human health.
Groundwater Contamination: Pollutants from the soil can leach into groundwater, which is a vital source of drinking water for many communities. Contaminated groundwater can carry toxic substances, heavy metals, and chemicals, affecting drinking water quality and endangering public health.
Negative Impact on Biodiversity: Soil pollution can harm soil-dwelling organisms such as earthworms, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms that play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and maintaining soil structure. The disruption of soil ecosystems can have cascading effects on higher trophic levels, impacting biodiversity.
Ecosystem Disruption: Polluted soil can disrupt entire ecosystems by affecting the health and vitality of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Soil pollution can alter the composition of plant communities, leading to changes in animal populations and overall ecosystem dynamics.
Soil Structure Degradation: Pollutants can alter the physical properties of soil, causing compaction, reduced water-holding capacity, and decreased soil porosity. These changes can negatively impact plant root growth and water infiltration.
Air Quality Impacts: Some pollutants in contaminated soil can become airborne through processes like volatilization or wind erosion. These airborne pollutants can contribute to poor air quality and may have additional negative impacts on human health.
Health Risks to Humans: Direct exposure to polluted soil can lead to various health risks for humans, such as skin diseases, respiratory issues, and the absorption of toxic substances. Consuming crops grown in polluted soil can also pose health hazards.
Economic Losses: Soil pollution can lead to economic losses in agriculture due to reduced crop yields, increased input costs, and the need for soil remediation measures. It can also impact tourism and property values in contaminated areas.

Prevention and Mitigation of Soil Pollution

Proper Waste Management: Effective disposal and treatment of industrial, household, and electronic waste prevent harmful substances from leaching into the soil. Safe waste disposal facilities, recycling, and proper hazardous waste management minimise the introduction of pollutants into the environment.
Integrated Pest Management: By reducing reliance on chemical pesticides and incorporating practices like crop rotation, biological control, and using pest-resistant crop varieties, agricultural pollution from excessive pesticide use can be minimised.
Soil Testing: Regular soil testing allows farmers, landowners, and authorities to monitor soil quality, identify potential contamination, and take corrective measures to maintain healthy soil conditions.
Bioremediation: This technique utilises the natural abilities of certain plants and microorganisms to break down or remove pollutants from the soil. Plants may absorb and accumulate contaminants, while microorganisms can break down pollutants through biological processes.
Reforestation: Planting trees and restoring vegetation cover helps prevent soil erosion by stabilising the soil with their root systems. Trees also play a role in absorbing pollutants and promoting healthy soil microbial communities.
Regulation and Legislation: Enforcing strict environmental regulations and policies establishes guidelines for industries, agriculture, and individuals to follow responsible practices and reduce pollution.
Contaminated Site Remediation: In cases where soil pollution has already occurred, various techniques such as soil excavation, soil washing, and soil vapour extraction can be employed to remove or treat contaminants and restore soil quality.
Public Awareness and Education: Educating communities about the importance of responsible soil management practices, waste reduction, and pollution prevention raises awareness and encourages collective efforts to safeguard soil health.
Green Infrastructure: Designing urban spaces with green roofs, permeable pavements, and vegetation helps manage stormwater runoff, prevent soil erosion, and mitigate pollution by providing natural filtration.
Industrial Best Practices: Industries can adopt cleaner production methods, reduce emissions, and implement proper waste disposal systems to minimise the release of pollutants into the environment.
Wastewater Treatment: Treating industrial and domestic wastewater before it is discharged into the environment prevents harmful chemicals and contaminants from infiltrating the soil and groundwater.

Biotic resources, also known as biological resources, are living organisms and organic materials that are derived from living organisms. These resources play a vital role in supporting life on Earth and provide various goods and services essential for human well-being. Biotic resources include a wide range of living organisms, from microorganisms to plants and animals.

Biotic resources can be broadly categorised into two main types:

Flora (Plants)

Flora refers to the plant life found in a particular region or ecosystem. Plants are essential components of ecosystems, providing a multitude of resources and services to humans and other organisms.

Some key biotic resources derived from plants include:

Timber: Trees provide wood for construction, furniture, paper, and other products.
Fruits and Vegetables: Plants yield various edible fruits, vegetables, and nuts that are important for human nutrition.
Medicinal Plants: Many plants have medicinal properties and are used to make traditional and modern medicines.
Fibre: Plants like cotton and jute provide fibres used for textiles and other materials.
Rubber and Latex: Rubber trees are tapped for latex, which is used to make rubber products.
Biofuel Crops: Certain plants are cultivated for biofuel production, such as bioethanol and biodiesel.

Fauna (Animals)

Fauna refers to the animal life in a particular region or ecosystem. Animals provide a wide range of resources and services to humans and ecosystems.

Some important biotic resources derived from animals include:

Livestock: Domesticated animals like cattle, poultry, and goats provide meat, milk, eggs, leather, and wool.
Fish and Seafood: Aquatic animals are an important source of protein for many people around the world.
Honey and Beeswax: Bees produce honey, beeswax, and other products with various uses.
Silk: Silkworms produce silk, which is used to make textiles and fabrics.
Leather and Fur: Animal hides are used to make leather products, and fur is used for clothing.
Labour and Transportation: Some animals are used for labour in agriculture and transportation.

Importance of Biotic Resources

Biotic resources are essential for ecosystem services that contribute to environmental stability and human well-being.

These services include:

Biodiversity: Biotic resources contribute to the diversity of species, which is crucial for ecosystem resilience and adaptation.
Pollination: Insects, birds, and other animals facilitate the pollination of plants, ensuring the reproduction of many crops.
Nutrient Cycling: The decomposition of organic matter by organisms contributes to nutrient cycling and soil fertility.
Carbon Sequestration: Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store carbon in their biomass, contributing to climate regulation.

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Revision Notes For Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources

Revision notes for class 9 chapter 14 natural resources is given here. Revision is one of the most important parts of the study. Revising the chapter will help the students to recollect the concepts what they have learned so far. Educational experts advise students to revise the topics before a night of exam so that they can develop a confidence when they will be going to write the exam. The chapter natural resources make students familiar with the various types of natural resources present in our environments like the water, the air, trees and many more.

CBSE Class 9 Chapter 14 Natural Resources

Frequently asked questions on cbse class 9 science notes chapter 14: natural resources, what is ‘acid rain’.

Any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms is called ‘Acid rain’.

What are the ways to prevent ‘Air pollution’?

1. Reduce unnecesary usage of vehicles.2. Elimate fireplaces in houses.3. Avoid burning of lawn, leaves and use other methods for cleaning.

What is ‘Water pollution’?

Water pollution is the contamination of water sources by substances which make the water unusable for drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming and other activities.

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For Earth Day, Try These Green Classroom Activities (Downloadable)

Earth Day is April 22 in the United States and the day the spring equinox occurs in some parts of the world. It’s a day to reflect on the work being done to raise awareness of climate change and the need to protect natural resources for future generations. Protecting the earth can feel like an enormous, distant undertaking to young people. To help them understand that they can play a role by focusing on their backyards or school yards, educators can scale those feelings of enormity to manageable activities that make a difference.

We collected simple ideas for teachers and students to educate, empower, and build a connection with nature so that they may be inspired to respect it and protect it. Classrooms can be the perfect greenhouse to grow future stewards of the environment.

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Ahenewa El-Amin leads a conversation with students during her AP African American Studies class at Henry Clay High School in Lexington, Ky., on March 19, 2024.

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Science Project On Natural Resources For Class 9

Table of Contents

Acknowledgment

I want to sincerely thank everyone who has assisted me in finishing my project on natural resources. First and foremost, I want to express my gratitude to my teacher for providing me with the chance to study and write about this significant subject.

I also want to express my gratitude to my parents for their unwavering support and inspiration during my academic career. They have been a tremendous source of inspiration and advice for me.

Last but not least, I want to thank my friends and classmates for their assistance and criticism during the research and writing process. Their advice and thoughts have been very beneficial in raising the calibre of this endeavour.

Once more, I would want to express my gratitude to everyone who helped finish our study on natural resources.

The existence and welfare of humans and other living things depend on natural resources. Everything we require for survival—from the oxygen we breathe to the water we drink, from the food we eat to the materials we use for our homes and clothing—is derived from the earth’s natural resources.

However, we are putting a greater strain on these resources as the world’s population continues to rise and as our economies develop. Our natural resources’ availability and sustainability are being threatened by environmental problems such as climate change, deforestation, pollution, overfishing, and others.

The significance of natural resources, the threats to our planet’s resources, and some of the actions we can take to safeguard and maintain these priceless resources for future generations will all be covered in this project. We want to inspire action to build a more sustainable future by raising awareness of the pressing need to solve these problems through our research and analysis.

Introduction

Natural resources are the earth’s raw materials and constituent parts that are vital to human survival and the well-being of all other living things. These resources include, among others, the air, water, soil, minerals, forests, and wildlife.

The accessibility and sustainability of these resources are more and more crucial as the global population and economies expand. We must effectively manage and utilise the limited natural resources we have given the rising demand and restricted supply.

However, a number of environmental problems, such as climate change, deforestation, pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction are putting our planet’s natural resources in danger. These problems endanger not just the environment but also the health and welfare of people.

Natural Resource Categories

Renewable Resources: Resources that can regenerate themselves over time include sunlight, wind, water, and wood. Because they can be used without becoming completely depleted, these resources are typically regarded as sustainable.

Non-Renewable Resources: Non-renewable resources are limited and cannot be renewed. Examples include minerals like iron, copper, and gold, as well as fossil fuels like coal , natural gas, and oil. These resources cannot be replenished after they are used up.

Inexhaustible Resources: Resources that are basically unending, such as solar and geothermal energy, are known as inexhaustible resources. Although these resources do have some limitations, they are not likely to run out anytime soon.

Biotic Resources: Resources derived from living things, such as those found in forests, fish, and animals, are referred to as biotic resources. These resources are crucial for economic growth and human life, but in order to assure their long-term availability, they must be handled sustainably.

Abiotic Resources: Resources that are not produced by living organisms, such as minerals, water, and air, are referred to as abiotic resources. These resources must be maintained responsibly to prevent depletion and contamination because they are crucial for human survival and economic growth.

We can better manage and utilise natural resources to maintain their sustainability and long-term availability by knowing the various forms of natural resources.

Amount Of Natural Resources Important

Economic Value: Natural resources are crucial for economic growth since they supply the industries ‘ raw materials and support the creation of jobs. Governments and regional communities profit from the mining and processing of natural resources.

Environmental Value: Natural resources are essential parts of our planet’s ecosystem because they promote biodiversity and provide habitats for animals. They are essential for controlling the temperature, water cycle, and cycling of nutrients on Earth.

Social Value: Natural resources offer the essentials for life, including food, water, and shelter. Additionally, they support leisure pursuits like tourism and outdoor recreation.

National Security: Natural resources are crucial to maintaining national security because they provide the energy, minerals, and other key elements required for military and defence operations.

Human Health: Clean air and water, wholesome food, and natural medicines are all provided by natural resources, which are crucial for maintaining human health and wellbeing.

It is impossible to exaggerate the value of natural resources. They are vital to the existence and well-being of humans and other living things, and the sustainability of their management is key to our future.

Natural Resource Depletion

Natural resource depletion is a significant issue that imperils both the health of humans and other living things as well as the viability of our planet’s ecosystems . The following are some of the primary reasons of resource depletion:

Mismanagement: Natural resources, particularly non-renewable resources like fossil fuels, have been overused and poorly managed, which has resulted in their depletion. Additionally, a lot of resources are depleted because they are used up faster than they can be replenished.

Pollution: Many natural resources, such as air and water, have been degraded by pollution from industries, agriculture, and other human activities, rendering them unusable or hazardous to human health and the environment.

Destruction of Habitats: The loss of biodiversity and the depletion of numerous resources, including timber and wildlife, have been brought on by the destruction of habitats, notably forests.

Climate Change: The availability of water and agricultural productivity are two examples of how climate change is altering natural resources, which may result in their depletion or degradation.

Unsustainable Consumption: Global natural resource depletion is a result of unsustainable consumption practises, particularly in industrialised nations.

Natural resource depletion has detrimental effects on human and other living things’ health as well as the ecosystems of our world. In order to ensure that these resources are available for future generations, it is crucial that we take action to manage and use them sustainably.

Natural Resource Preservation

The appropriate management and use of natural resources is referred to as conservation in order to guarantee their persistence for future generations. Among the most important measures we may take to protect natural resources are:

Reusing and recycling items can assist to conserve natural resources and cut down on waste by reducing the amount of natural resources we utilise.

Sustainable Agriculture: Crop rotation and organic farming are examples of sustainable agricultural practises that can help to preserve soil and water resources.

Sustainable Forestry: By using techniques like selective logging and regeneration, one may preserve timber supplies and advance biodiversity.

Renewable Energy: Increased use of renewable energy can lessen our reliance on non-renewable resources and encourage sustainability. Examples of such renewable energy sources include solar and wind power.

Pollution Control: Pollution control can aid in the preservation of natural resources like air and water by lowering the pollution produced by businesses and other human activities.

Education and Awareness: Raising public awareness of the value of natural resources and the need to protect them can support their sustainable management and use.

The long-term sustainability of our planet’s ecosystems and the health of humans and other living things depend on the conservation of natural resources. We can contribute to ensuring that these resources are accessible for future generations to enjoy by adopting sustainable practises, raising awareness of the issue, and encouraging education.

Natural Resources Examples

Water is a critical natural resource for human survival, agriculture, and many other sectors.

Another crucial natural resource is air, which contributes to climate regulation and supplies oxygen for both human and animal life.

Soil: Soil is a vital natural resource that promotes plant development and serves as the basis for many different businesses, including agriculture.

Fossil Fuels: Non-renewable natural resources utilised in the generation of energy include coal, oil, and natural gas.

Minerals: Natural resources like iron, copper, and gold are employed in a variety of industries, from electronics to building.

Timber: Timber is a naturally occurring resource that may be obtained from forests and utilised for a variety of tasks, including paper making and construction.

Animal: Wildlife is a natural resource that supports cultural and leisure activities like hunting and animal viewing while also providing ecological functions like pest control and pollination.

Renewable Energy Sources: Renewable energy sources are natural resources that are used to provide clean energy. Examples include solar, wind, and hydropower.

These are but a few instances of the numerous natural resources that are available and crucial to human existence and economic growth. In order to ensure that these resources are available for future generations, it is crucial that we manage and utilise them sustainably.

Conclusion And Prospects

Natural resources are crucial to the continued existence and welfare of humans and other living things. In addition to offering ecological services that support the ecosystems on our world, they also offer food, water, shelter, and energy. The sustainability of our world is now in jeopardy due to the overuse and poor management of natural resources, which has caused their degradation and depletion.

For natural resources to be available to future generations, they must be conserved. We can contribute to the preservation of these resources and the preservation of our planet’s ecosystems by implementing sustainable practises and encouraging awareness and education.

In order to manage and use natural resources sustainably in the future, it is crucial that we continue to develop and adopt sustainable practises. This entails encouraging the use of renewable energy sources, sustainable forestry and agricultural practises, and lowering pollution from businesses and other human endeavours. It also entails keeping up public awareness campaigns about the value of and need for protecting natural resources.

In conclusion, natural resources are essential to the ecosystems of our globe as well as the health of humans and other living things. For the benefit of both current and future generations, we must collaborate to sustainably manage and maintain these resources.

Certificate

This is to certify that I, [Your Name], a student of Class 9 at [Your School Name], have successfully completed the science project on “Natural Resources. ” The project was undertaken as part of my academic curriculum to explore and understand the significance of natural resources, their depletion, and the importance of conservation.

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my teacher, [Teacher’s Name], for providing me with the opportunity to delve into this critical topic and expand my knowledge on the subject matter. Their guidance, encouragement, and valuable insights have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.

I am also deeply thankful to my parents for their constant support and motivation throughout my academic journey. Their encouragement and belief in my abilities have been a constant source of inspiration.

Furthermore, I extend my appreciation to my friends and classmates for their assistance and constructive feedback during the research and writing process. Their input has been invaluable in enhancing the quality of this project.

I am thrilled to have worked on this project, as it has allowed me to understand the importance of natural resources, the threats they face, and the measures we can take to protect them. It is my hope that this project will raise awareness and inspire others to take action in preserving our planet’s precious resources for future generations.

Date: [Date]Place: [Your City] [Your Signature](Your Name)

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Natural Resources Class 9 Notes
Natural Resources Class 9 CBSE Notes - Chapter 14. Introduction to Natural Resources Air and Air Pollution Water A natural resource Water cycle Soil Bio geo chemical cycle Carbon cycle Nitrogen Cycle Oxygen Cycle. According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been removed from NCERT Class 9 Science textbook.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources
Topics and Sub Topics in Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources: Natural Resources. The Breath of Life: Air. Water: A Wonder Liquid. Mineral Riches in the Soil. Biogeochemical Cycles. Ozone Layer. These solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science. Here we have given Class 9 NCERT Science Textbook Solutions for Chapter 14 ...
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources
Class 9 Science NCERT Solutions Chapter 14 Natural Resources. CBSE Class 9 Science NCERT Solutions Chapter 14 helps students to clear their doubts and to score good marks in the board exam. All the questions are solved by experts with a detailed explanation that will help students complete their assignments & homework.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources
The Class 9 Science Chapter 14 NCERT Solutions PDF is easy to download and use offline. Natural resources Class 9 questions and answers are prepared by subject experts as per the latest CBSE syllabus. Class 9 Natural resources NCERT solutions develop a logical approach and methodology towards science.
Natural Resources Class 9 Notes Science Chapter 14
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 14 Natural Resources. Facts that Matter. Life exists on earth due to its ambient temperature, water, food and energy from the sun. Lithosphere: The outer crust of the earth is called the lithosphere. Hydrosphere: Sum of all water bodies is called hydrosphere. Atmosphere: Air that covers the earth is called the ...
Class 9th Science Natural resources NCERT Notes CBSE 2023
Natural Resources is an important chapter in the biology section of the 9th grade science curriculum. Vidyakul's academic experts have addressed the questions in this chapter and presented them in an easily understandable way for all students. These NCERT notes help students complete assignments on time. The notes also helps you quickly review ...
CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 14
Natural Resources is one of the most important chapters in today's time in class 9. It is so because the deteriorating condition of our planet earth needs awareness. This chapter does exactly the same. In other words, it makes students aware of the importance of natural resources on earth. This way, we will be able to produce more conscious ...
Natural Resources Chapter 14 Class 9 Science Assignments
Assignments for Class 9. Please refer to Natural Resources Chapter 14 Class 9 Science Assignments below. We have provided important questions and answers for Natural Resources which is an important chapter in Class 9 Science. Students should go through the notes and also learn the solved assignment with solved questions provided below.
Natural resources class 9 notes (Science chapter 14)
Class 9 Maths Class 9 Science. In this page for class 9 science chapter 14 Natural resources find notes about water cycle, oxygen cycle, carbon cycle, nytrogen cycle and greenhouse effect. Notes are in easy language for better understanding.
Natural Resources Class 9 Notes CBSE Science Chapter 14 (PDF)
Therefore, types of natural resources according to Class 9 Science Chapter 14 notes are forest, minerals, animals, air, soil, water and soil. Download the free PDF now. Vedantu is a platform that provides free CBSE Solutions (NCERT) and other study materials for students. They can download Class 9 Maths NCERT Solutions to help you to revise ...
CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 14
The important questions of Natural Resources Class 9 will help the students to understand the topics covered in this chapter in-depth and prepare for their examination in an orderly manner. Class 9 Science Ch 14 extra questions or important questions are written in a simple and easy-to-understand language by the subject-matter experts at Vedantu. To get a fair idea about the subject, students ...
Notes of Ch 14 Natural Resources| Class 9th Science
Study Material and Notes of Ch 14 Natural Resources Class 9th Science. → Life on earth depends on resources like soil, water, air and energy from sun. → Uneven heating of air over land and water-bodies causes winds. → Evaporation of water from water-bodies and subsequent condensation give us rain. → Pollution of air, water and soil ...
Natural Resources
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Natural Resources Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 14
Name the two things essential for existence of life on Earth. Answer: Natural resources like air, land and water. Energy of the Sun. Question 7. Name the processes which help to maintain the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the environment. Answer: Photosynthesis and respiration. Question 8.
Chapter
Email: [email protected] Chapter - 14, Natural Resources, Science, Class 9 RESOURCE THE FOUR MAIN SPHERES OF EARTH LITHOSPHERE HYDROSPHERE ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE THE BREATH OF LIFE: AIR CARBON DIOXIDE IS FIXED IN TWO WAYS THE ROLE OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN CLIMATE CONTROL THE MOVEMENT OF AIR: WINDS FORMATION OF RAIN AIR POLLUTION WATER TYPES ...
Chapter 14
NCERT Books for Class 9 Science. NCERT Books for Class 9 Science. Chapter 1 - Matter in our Surroundings. Chapter 2 - Is Matter Around Us Pure. Chapter 3 - Atoms and Molecules. Chapter 4 - Structure of the Atom. Chapter 5 - The Fundamental Unit of Life. Chapter 6 - Tissues. Chapter 7 - Diversity in Living Organisms.
Natural Resources Notes
Types of Natural Resources. 1. Inexhaustible Natural Resources. These resources are abundant and not likely to be depleted despite continuous use. Examples include: Air: The Earth's atmosphere, composed mainly of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, is an inexhaustible resource.
Natural Resources Class 9 Science (Biology) Concepts & Portfolio
Hello Kids!!!..🔷Apni Toh Pathshala, BYJU'S Ki Pathshala!!!..This Children's day! Stand a chance to come live in our Virtual Live Classroom!!Don't miss it, R...
Revision Notes For Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources
Revision notes for class 9 chapter 14 natural resources is given here. Revision is one of the most important parts of the study. Revising the chapter will help the students to recollect the concepts what they have learned so far. Educational experts advise students to revise the topics before a night of exam so that they can develop a ...
For Earth Day, Try These Green Classroom Activities (Downloadable)
It's a day to reflect on the work being done to raise awareness of climate change and the need to protect natural resources for future generations. Protecting the earth can feel like an enormous ...
Science Project On Natural Resources For Class 9
Examples include minerals like iron, copper, and gold, as well as fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and oil. These resources cannot be replenished after they are used up. Inexhaustible Resources: Resources that are basically unending, such as solar and geothermal energy, are known as inexhaustible resources.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Natural Resources

Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Textbook Questions and Answers

Class 9 Science NCERT Solutions Chapter 14 Natural Resources

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