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UPSC Essay Topics - Important Essay Topics for UPSC Mains 2023

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Understanding UPSC Essay Topics holds significant importance as it evaluates the candidate's ability to analyse, present arguments, and communicate effectively. In this article, we will explore the diverse range of UPSC essay topics, their significance, and essential tips to excel in this section. Get ready to enhance your writing and analytical skills and make a strong impression on the evaluators with well-crafted essays.

UPSC Essay Paper

The Essay paper in the UPSC Mains examination requires candidates to write multiple essays , each on a different topic, chosen from a given list of options. The essay topics for UPSC cover a wide range of issues, including social, economic, political, cultural, and philosophical aspects, both national and international.

The essay paper holds significant weightage in the UPSC Mains examination, contributing 250 marks out of the total 1750 marks . Scoring well in this section can have a considerable impact on the overall ranking and selection for the coveted civil services.

Weekly UPSC Essay Topics By Vajiram & Ravi

The UPSC Essay Paper is an opportunity for candidates to demonstrate their proficiency in expressing ideas and analysing complex issues. Vajiram & Ravi Pensive-Weekly Essay Writing Programme provides you with two Essay Topics every Saturday based on the previous year's question papers and the changing trends analysis. You can submit your Essay for peer evaluation on vajiramandravi.com. This will help you nourish your writing skills, give you clarity of thought, and build the capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Important Essay Topics for UPSC 2023

The purpose of the essay paper is to assess the candidate's ability to critically analyse a topic, present well-structured arguments, and communicate their ideas effectively. It also evaluates their knowledge of various issues, their clarity of thought, and their capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Some of the Important Essay Topics to prepare for the UPSC Mains Examination 2023 are:

• Gender Equality
• Environment/Urbanization
• Economic Growth
• Federalism/Decentralization
• Agriculture
• Economics 

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy

Every year, UPSC typically provides you with two or more essay topics centred around philosophical thoughts, Indian philosophical schools, or quotes from notable personalities. To effectively address these philosophical topics, you should refer to Philosophy Books to gain a foundational understanding. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy :

• Everything comes to him, who hustles while he waits.
• We are always blind as we want to be.
• You cannot step twice in the same river.
• A disciplined mind brings happiness.
• The price of Greatness is Responsibility.
• People would rather Believe than Know.
• Mind - A beautiful Servant? Or a dangerous Master?

UPSC Essay Topics on Art and Culture

The UPSC Essay Topics related to Indian society, art, and culture cover a wide range of subjects, offering great diversity. To gain knowledge about the static content on these topics, you should rely on fundamental books on society, as recommended for the exam. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Art and Culture :

• Culture changes with economic development.
• Culture is what we are, Civilization is what we have.
• Social reform is a myth if places of worship are open only to all castes and not to all genders.
• Impact of Globalization on Indian Art and Culture.
• Caste System - India’s Enduring Curse.
• Godmen - A Threat to Indian Art and Culture?

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

UPSC essay topics on Science and Technology can largely be addressed through current affairs. You may also benefit from consulting a Science and Technology Book for UPSC to compose a comprehensive and well-rounded essay. Here are some UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology:

• Deglobalisation is good for the world.
• Science is organised Knowledge. Wisdom is Organised life.
• Technology is a Weapon against Poverty.
• Prioritising Education Technology for Global Growth.
• Technology is the silent factor in International Relations.
• Scientific and Technological Progress cannot be equated with Human Progress.

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

Education stands as one of the preferred UPSC Essay Topics, with an essay related to this subject often appearing in the paper each year. To tackle this topic effectively, you should stay abreast of Current Affairs , incorporating significant changes and advancements in the field. Let's explore some of the Essay topics for UPSC centred around education:

• Self Education is a lifelong curiosity.
• Education Breeds Peace.
• Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.
• Education must also train one for quick, resolute and effective thinking.
• Schooling is not Education.

UPSC Essay Topics on Polity and Governance

To comprehensively address Polity and Governance topics, you should acquire fundamental knowledge from Polity Books for UPSC and Current Affairs. These resources offer static information about relevant issues and their historical context, which proves valuable while writing UPSC Essay Topics on Polity. Here are some Essay Topics on Polity and Governance:

• The Role of Politics in Development.
• Should Youth in India Consider Politics as a Career?
• Art, Freedom and Creativity will change society faster than politics.
• The politics of Identity is the Politics of the Weak.
• People should not be afraid of their Government. The Government should be afraid of its people.
• Government Surveillance - Good or Bad?

UPSC Essay Topics on Economy

Essays concerning economic growth are frequently included in the Essay Paper. To tackle these topics effectively, you should refer to Economy Notes for UPSC to gain a comprehensive understanding. Once the fundamentals are grasped, you can enhance their essays by incorporating examples, data, and statistics to create a multidimensional perspective. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Economy:

• We don't have to sacrifice a Strong Economy for a Healthy Environment.
• India, a $5 trillion Economy - Dream or Reality?
• Digital Economy: A leveller or a source of Economic Inequality?
• Innovation is the key determinant of social welfare and economic growth.
• Labour Reforms in India and its Role in Economic Growth.

UPSC Essay Topics on Social Issues

Social issues are a significant aspect of the UPSC essay paper, reflecting the candidates' understanding of societal challenges and their ability to propose viable solutions. These essays provide a platform for candidates to analyse, critique, and suggest measures for pressing social concerns. Topics related to social issues in the UPSC Essay paper may include:

• Inclusivity and Plurality are the hallmarks of a Peaceful Society.
• A Gender-sensitive Indian Society is a prerequisite for Women and Child Empowerment.
• The weaker sections of Indian Society - are their Rights and Access to Justice getting Better?

Previous Year UPSC Essay Topics

Practising previous year's essay topics will help you become familiar with the UPSC exam pattern , word limit, and the types of essay questions frequently asked in the Mains Examination. Analysing past essay topics will also allow you to identify recurring themes and trends, enabling you to prioritise their preparation accordingly. Regular practice with past essay topics will instil confidence in you, helping you feel more comfortable and prepared for the actual exam.

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in the harbour is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Tips to Excel in UPSC Essay Paper

• Understand the Topics: Thoroughly comprehend the essay topics, including the keywords and instructions. Choose a topic that aligns with your strengths and interests.
• Plan and Structure: Devote some time to plan your essay. Create an outline and organise your thoughts in a structured manner, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Be Objective: Present balanced arguments and avoid a biased or one-sided approach. Consider multiple perspectives and present a holistic view.
• Provide Examples and Evidence: Support your arguments with relevant examples, data, quotes and evidence to strengthen your essay.
• Maintain Clarity: Write in a clear and concise manner. Use simple language and avoid jargon or overly complex vocabulary.
• Practice Regularly: Regular practice is essential to improve Essay writing skills. Write essays on diverse topics to enhance your versatility.
• Time Management: Allocate appropriate time for planning, writing, and revising each essay to manage time effectively during the examination.
• Revise and Edit: Review your essays for coherence, grammar, and structure. Make necessary edits to refine your work.

FAQs on UPSC Essay Topics

What are the important UPSC Essay Topics?

Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics asked in Mains Examination previously:

• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
• What is research but a blind date with knowledge?
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for society.
• Wisdom finds truth.
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

How do I Prepare for the UPSC Essay?

To prepare for the UPSC essay, focus on understanding the essay syllabus and past topics to identify recurring themes. Regularly practise writing essays on various topics to improve your writing skills and time management. Structure your essays with a clear introduction, main body, and conclusion.

Which is the best source to practise UPSC Essay Topics?

The best sources to prepare Essay for UPSC include official UPSC materials, newspapers, and magazines like The Hindu, Yojana , and Kurukshetra for current affairs, standard books on diverse subjects, government reports and publications, online platforms like PIB and PRS India, UPSC previous year papers for understanding the exam pattern, and regular practice of essay writing on various topics.

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UPSC Essay Topics

The Upsc Essay Topics change every year, and aspirants are never sure what they will be. They can be about things like how the economy is doing, how women can be stronger, art and culture, or how the media affects us. Moreover, it’s a good idea to look at the essay questions from previous years to get an idea of what might be asked. This will help you practice writing essays and do well in the exam. With enough practice, you can become good at writing essays for the UPSC exam .

Furthermore, the IAS Essay section is very important in the UPSC exam. It contains 250 marks, and you must write two essay questions in three hours, each 1000 to 1200 words. Additionally, to prepare, it’s a good idea to look at previous upsc essay papers to understand what essay topics upsc might come up in the exam.

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UPSC Essay Topics 2024

The UPSC essay paper is one of the nine papers in the UPSC Mains exam . It’s a chance for candidates to share their opinions on social, economic, and political issues. UPSC usually chooses topics that are either related to current events or have a big impact on society. Moreover, some important IAS essay topics for the UPSC exam could include:

• Development
• Urbanisation
• Globalisation
• Bureaucracy/Civil Service
• Constitution
• Water Security
• Poverty/Hunger/Food Security
• Human Resources- Employment
• Social Media
• Privacy/Surveillance

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UPSC Essay Topics: Previous Year Question Paper

Having access to the previous year’s essay topics can be useful. It gives you an idea of the types of essays asked in previous years. Moreover, That’s why we’ve provided the UPSC essay topics from the previous year’s UPSC question paper below.

• UPSC Essay Topics for year 2022
• UPSC Essay Topics for year 2021
• UPSC Essay Topics for year 2020
• UPSC Essay Topics for year 2019
• UPSC Essay Topics for year 2018

You can also check for how to write an essay for upsc .

UPSC Essay Topics: Topic wise

Here, we will discuss different UPSC Essay Topics that are frequently asked in the UPSC Examination.

UPSC Essay Topics on Administration 

If you want to prepare for Polity and Administration topics for the UPSC exam, you can start by reading books on Polity and Public Administration. Moreover, these books provide basic information about relevant issues and their history, which can be useful when writing essay questions on Polity and Public Administration for the UPSC exam. Some UPSC essay topics on these topics could include:

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• Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanisation?
• Politics without ethics is a disaster.
• Judicial activism and Indian democracy.
• The language politics in India: its past, present, and future.
• Is a better disaster management system need of the hour?
• Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality.
• Need for transparency in public administration.
• The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy.

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

To write an essay on Science and Technology topics for the UPSC exam, you can start by following current affairs related to this field. You can also refer to books on Science and Technology for UPSC to get a multidimensional perspective. Moreover, some possible Science and Tech UPSC essay topics could include:

• The modern doctor and his patients.
• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
• Alternative technologies for a climate change-resilient India.
• Technology cannot replace manpower.
• Social media is inherently a selfish medium.
• Value-based science and education.
• Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilisation in the long run.
• The lure of space.
• Spirituality and scientific temper.
• The march of science and the erosion of human values.
• The cyberworld: Its charms and challenges.
• Science and Mysticism: Are they compatible?

UPSC Essay Topics on Women Empowerment

UPSC encourages gender equality in the workplace and often includes essay topics related to women. The UPSC Essay topics aims to understand the candidate’s level of critical thinking and ability to express their thoughts. Including data, references, and real-life examples can help earn extra marks while writing essays. Moreover, some possible UPSC essay topics related to women and women empowerment could include:

• Challenges and Prospects of Women Empowerment
• Ground realities of the new emerging women power
• Fulfillment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.
• Is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal- Managing work and home?
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
• What if all the developed countries had women as their heads?
• Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight.
• Whither women’s emancipation?

UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Culture & Society

The UPSC essay topics related to Indian society, art, and culture are always diverse. To prepare for these topics, candidates can read basic books on society that are typically referred to during the exam. Moreover, you can also use Art & Culture Notes for UPSC to help with your preparation. Some possible UPSC essay topics related to Indian culture and society are:

• Are new cults and godmen threats to the traditional religion?
• Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values.
• Indian society is at a crossroads.
• The composite culture of Indian society
• Where the Youth culture of today is heading towards
• As civilisation progresses, culture declines.

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophical Type

Every year, UPSC includes two or more UPSC essay topics related to philosophical thoughts, Indian philosophical schools, or quotes from famous personalities. Students can refer to Philosophy Books for UPSC to prepare for these topics to gain a basic background. Moreover, some possible UPSC essay topics related to philosophy or quotes from famous personalities are:

• Be the change you want to see in others.
• Reality does not conform to the ideal but confirms it.
• The paths of glory lead but to the grave.
• Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds.
• If youth knew if age could.
• Useless life is an early death.
• Search for truth can only be attained through spiritual means.
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
• Words are sharper than a two-edged sword

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

Education is a popular UPSC essay topics , and almost every year, an essay related to education is asked in the paper. Moreover, to prepare for this topic, staying updated with current affairs and major changes and developments related to the field is important. Some possible UPSC essay topics related to education for UPSC could include:

• Privatisation of the higher education system in India.
• Does growth in literacy correspond to growth in education?
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather make a man a more clever devil.
• Concept of Real Education
• Restructuring of the Indian education system with respect to the NEP
• The destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms.
• Education for all”: myth or reality.

UPSC Essay Topics on Economic Growth

UPSC frequently includes IAS essay topics on economic growth, development, and the MNC (multi-national corporation) sector. To prepare for these topics, candidates can refer to Economy Notes for UPSC to get a general overview of the subject. Moreover, once you grasp the basics well, you can add examples, data, and figures to make your essay more multi-dimensional. Some possible UPSC essay topics related to economics for UPSC could include:

• Can tourism be the next big thing for India?
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) should be the right indices for judging the well-being of a country.
• Are the Multinational corporations saviours or saboteurs?
• Is the Digital economy a leveller or a source of economic inequality?
• Is it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country?
• Future of BPO Culture in India
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic.
• Is the near jobless growth in India an anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms?

You can also check for UPSC Calendar 2023 .

Upsc Essay Topics: Things to keep in mind

Writing is a way to show how you think. When an examiner reads your essay, they can understand your thought process. An essay is a well-structured set of ideas on a specific topic. Moreover, to score well on the UPSC Essay paper , it’s important to practice and be persistent. The essay is about factual knowledge, creativity, and critical thinking. To score well on the UPSC Essay paper, follow these steps:

• Choose the Right Essay

The UPSC Essay paper has two sections, and you have to write one essay from each section. Both essays have 125 marks each and must be 1000-1200 words. Before choosing a topic, it’s important to reflect on it and consider if it’s too controversial or if you have enough information to write about it.

• Examine the Topic

When you select UPSC Essay Topics , it’s important to take some time to think about the topic and write down the main keywords that you will use in your essay. This will help you organise your thoughts and ensure you cover all the key points.

Taking a multidimensional approach is important when writing your essay, which means considering different perspectives and angles.

Additionally, structure your essay clearly and concisely, with an introduction that sets the stage for the rest of the essay, a body that covers your main points, and a conclusion that summarises your key ideas and leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

• Structure well

The introduction is a crucial part of the UPSC Essay Topics and should provide a brief idea about the topic. It should convey your perspective on the topic. The essay’s main body should be divided into well-connected small paragraphs. The language should be simple, clear, and easy to comprehend.

Moreover, the focus should be on critical thinking rather than using complex vocabulary. If necessary, include relevant facts and data. Using quotes and sayings can add weight to the essay. The conclusion should be clear and concise. While writing, strive for a neutral or balanced approach.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

Q1: Do UPSC Topics get repeated?

Ans: That’s correct. While UPSC may repeat essay topics from previous years, they are likely to ask a different question with the exact same wording. Instead, they may tweak the language or focus of the question slightly to test a candidate’s understanding and analytical skills. Moreover, it is also true that certain topics, such as history, economics, and Indian polity, tend to be asked more frequently than others.

Q2: How many essay questions are asked in the upsc essay paper?

Ans: The UPSC Essay Paper consists of two sections, each containing four to five essay topics. Candidates need to choose one essay topic from each section and write an essay of 1000 to 1200 words on each topic. Moreover, each essay is worth 125 marks, and the total mark for the UPSC Essay Paper is 250.

Q3: How can I write a good essay for UPSC?

Ans: Keeping notes and staying updated with current affairs is crucial in developing a deep understanding of various topics. Reading books, journals, and other publications related to the UPSC Essay Topics can also help enhance knowledge and vocabulary. Moreover, ractising writing essays regularly and getting feedback from mentors or peers to improve writing skills is also important.

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Essay Topics and Previous papers for UPSC Civil service exam

List of essay topics.

• [Essay] No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it’s not the same river and he’s not the same man. — HERACLITUS
• [Mock] Essay Paper for UPSC Mains-2016: Identity Groups vs Democracy, Chakra vs Charkha, Wisdom vs Force, UBI vs Skill Development
• [Mock] Essay Paper for UPSC Mains-2016: Role of Educator, Taste for Literature, Cost of Liberty, Success in Dictionary
• [Essays] February Week2: Equidistant diplomacy, Strategic Autonomy without Military Alliance, Censorship & Moral responsibility
• [Essays] February Week1: Censorship of Ideas, Acts of Kindness, Childhood to Adulthood, consciously secular society
• [Essays] January Week4: Socialist Preamble, Democracy without participation, women-the deities of household fire
• [Essays] January Week3: Ideological Colonization, Dovish vs Hawkish Foreign Policy, limits of free speech
• [Essays] January Week2: competitive vs. cooperative federalism, God above all gods, Suicide- a social shame
• [Essays] January 2015 Week1: Religion-A form of Enslavement, Market Oriented Education, Constructive Criticism
• [Essays] December Week4: Apoplectic Secularism, Syncretism, Spiritual Alzheimer, Pragmatic Diplomacy
• [Essays] December Week1: Social suffocation, true Sovereignty, Arc of revanchist states
• [Essays] November Week4: Classical Arts, Security Trilemma, Think in India, Soullessness of men
• [Essays] November Week3: Garrison Governance, Dignity of Labour, Rationalist Thinking, Age of Knowledge
• [Essays] November Week2: Nehru legacy, knowledge society, age of discontinuity (only Topiclists)
• [Essays] November Week1: New Urbanism, Regional Chauvinism, Majoritarian Populism
• [Essays] October Week4: End of American Century, Activism vs Restrain, Censorship vs Lynching
• [Essays] October Week3: Militant Atheism, Rational Consumption, Ecocide, Prosperity without Morality
• [Essays] October Week2: Corruption, Child Labour, Probity, Good Governance, Injustice, Optimism
• [Essays] October Week1: Colonization, Gandhiism, Volunteerism, Personification, Social Transformation
• [Essays] September Week4: De-bureaucratizing the executive, Hidden Euthanasia, Gender equality
• [Essays] September Week3: India-China, Zero Sum Game, Parliamentary minority, Daughter aversion
• [Essays] September Week2: 21 Topics for UPSC Mains: Fanaticism, Colonizing Culture, Age of Loneliness, piecemeal WW-III
• [Essays] September Week1: 16 Topics for UPSC Mains- Expansionism, Buried Justice, India-the Model international citizen
• [Download] Essay 2013 Question Paper of UPSC Civil Service Mains
• [Essay Tip for Newcomers] What to write & What not to write in Mains IAS exam?

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Plan, Prepare & Make the Best Career Choices

UPSC Essay Topics 2024 - Topic-Wise Essay Questions

• Application
• Eligibility
• Selection Process
• Preparation Tips
• Exam Pattern

The UPSC Civil Services mains exam includes UPSC essay topics paper out of 9 papers. Candidates can check trending UPSC CSE essay topics here. These UPSC Essay questions range from multiple topics like Economic Growth, Art & Culture, Women Empowerment, Media & Society, etc. UPSC IAS essay topics are significant for candidates to clear the mains paper 1 of UPSC IAS exam .

New:  UPSC IAS 2023 final Result & Toppers List | UPSC CSE 2023 cutoff

Latest: UPSC CSE sample papers | Complete guide | UPSC IAS 2024 application OUT; Direct link

Also See:  UPSC IAS Mains question papers (2016-23)

UPSC IAS essay exam topics play a vital role in UPSC IAS exam. UPSC IAS mains paper carries 250 marks and aspirants are asked to write at least 2 essays between 1000 to 1200 words in 3 hours. Aspirants need to analyse UPSC essays from last year's question papers to get an idea about UPSC CSE Essay topics. Practising IAS topics from previous years' papers assists candidates to clear the UPSC IAS exam 2024 easily. Candidates are required to read daily newspapers to get a clear idea about UPSC IAS essay 2024 exam topics.

UPSC IAS Essay Topics 2024

UPSC CSE essay paper is one of the 9 papers of the UPSC IAS mains examination. The IAS essay paper analysis is the perspective of aspirants on economic, social and political issues. UPSC usually takes IAS essay questions either from Current Affairs or affecting present society to a large extent. A few of the engaging UPSC CSE 2024 essay questions can be asked from the UPSC 2024 IAS exam.

Social Media

Surveillance/Privacy

Urbanisation

Globalisation

Bureaucracy

Water Security

Media Tourism

Constitution

Food Hunger/Poverty/Security

Human Resources - Employment

Development

Higher Education/Education/Foreign University in Higher Education

UPSC CSE Essay Questions - Previous Years

Aspirants must be aware of the latest trends of the IAS exam pattern 2024 for mains. Candidates will come to know about the types of IAS essay topics asked and important recent essay questions. The UPSC CSE essay topics asked in the IAS Mains exam in previous years are detailed below.

UPSC IAS Essay Topic 2023

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

Not all who wander are lost.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands - two equally harmful disciplines.

Mathematics is the music of reason

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

Previous year

Poets are the harmony of the world.

Forests can be the main area of discussion for economic excellence.

History of battle between scientific man and romantic man.

Ship in the Harbour is secured but not for that case.

When the sun shines, the roof needs repair.

Move twice on the same river.

A smile is a solution to all problems.

Topic-Wise UPSC IAS Essay Questions

Every year, the Union Public Service Commission tends to give two or more essays from one of the 9 subjects in the UPSC CSE 2024 exam. To write about these IAS essay questions, candidates must go through reference books on these subjects to get a clear picture of the CSE Essay topics.

1. Environment/Urbanization

Protection of Ecology and Environment

Urbanisation and its side-effects

Must a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in the tribal areas?

Brave human laws can’t resist natural laws.

2. Economic Sectors/MNCs

Multinational Corporations

BPO boom in India.

Special Economic zone - boon or bane?

Globalisation would finish small sectors.

Are traditional handcrafts finishing up slowly?

The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model of development is more than a boon in the Indian Context.

Tourism can be the next big thing for India.

3. Education

Restructuring of the Indian Education System

Irrelevance of the classroom

Privatisation of Higher Education in India

Modern technological education and human values

What is real education?

The new emerging women's power

Greater political power will not wash out women’s plight

The woman is God’s best creation

Challenges and Prospects of Women's Empowerment

Empowerment cannot help our women

Whether women’s emancipation

If women ruled the world

The hand that rocks the cradle

Women’s reservation bill

Managing Work and Home

If development is not engendered, it is endangered.

The fulfilment of a ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.

5. Character

Attitude makes habit, habit makes character and character makes a man.

Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin.

The character of an Institution is reflected in its leader.

Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed.

Joy is the easiest form of Gratitude.

A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.

A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both

Custom morality can be a path to modern life.

6. Globalisation

Modernisation and Westernisation are not similar concepts.

The implication of globalisation in India.

The world of the 21st century.

Nationalism vs Globalization.

Globalisation and its effect on Indian culture.

The masks of new imperialism

My vision of the ideal world order.

Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role.

7. Science and Technology

The modern doctor and its patients.

Value-based education and science

Spirituality and scientific temper

The lure of space.

The march of Science and erosion of human values.

Science and Mysticism

Science and Technology are the panaceas for the growth and security of the nation.

Technology cannot replace manpower.

Alternative technology for a climate change resilient India.

8. International Organizations/Relations

Significance of Indo-US nuclear agreement.

Good fences make good neighbours.

Restructuring of UNO reflects present realities.

Has the Non-Alignment Movement lost its relevance in the multipolar world?

9. Security

Tourism and World Peace

Are we in a ‘soft’ state?

Both human intelligence and technical intelligence are important in combating terrorism.

10. Internet/IT

The cyberworld: its charm and challenges.

Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to human civilization in the long run.

Social media is inherently is selfish medium

A rapid increase in computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanised society.

11. Media & Society

Misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India.

Mass Media and Cultural Invasion.

Responsibility of media in a democracy.

How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets?

Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it?

Is string operation an invasion of privacy?

How to Bring a Good Score on UPSC IAS Essay Topics?

Writing is a way to improve your thought process. It should be exactly what the examiner needs while accessing your written UPSC essay answer scripts. An essay is a well-structured collection of thoughts on any specific topic. The art to score high on the UPSC IAS mains paper 1 requires immense practice and perseverance. The UPSC Essay is never merely a test of factual knowledge but a test of creativity and spirit. To score good marks in UPSC CSE essay questions, follow the steps given below.

1. Choose IAS Essay Topics Carefully

The UPSC IAS Essay paper comprises two sections and candidates need to write one essay from each of the two given sections. Both UPSC essays are of 125 marks each of 1000-1200 words. Before choosing a UPSC essay topic, think over the topic whether it is controversial or you have enough data to write it.

2. Ponder the topic

While selecting the UPSC IAS essay question, think over the topic and select the main keywords that you are going to use during writing the essay. Implement a multi-dimensional approach to it and try to curate a good structure intro body and conclusion.

3. Curate Well

The introduction paragraph is the heart of the UPSC CSE essay topics and must have a concise and clear thought about the topic. The basic theme should be to talk about your views on the topic. The main body of the UPSC Essay should be divided into small paragraphs but must be well interlinked. The UPSC essay topic language should be lucid, convenient and easy to understand. The essay must evaluate your critical thinking ability rather than using decorative words. If needed, candidates must use data and facts. The usage of sayings and quotes adds weight to the UPSC Essay questions. The conclusion paragraph must be seen as self-explanatory. Candidates must have a balanced approach to UPSC IAS essay questions.

4. Go through ABC of Essay Writing

The ABC of UPSC essay writing must stand for appropriateness, brevity and consistency of UPSC essay topics. Following this rule will assist candidates while writing the UPSC CSE essay questions.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

UPSC Essay question papers have two sections with 4 to 5 essays each. A candidate must write two UPSC IAS essay topics, one from each section consisting of 1000-1200 words. The UPSC Essay paper is 250 marks and each essay contributes 125 marks.

A score of 125 and above is considered a good mark in Essay topics UPSC while a score between 100-120 is average. However, it’s not easy to score marks on paper if you haven’t prepared well enough. So, prepare well in the best possible method for UPSC IAS essay questions.

To start practising UPSC IAS essay topics, candidates must keep the following points in mind.

Read the best UPSC daily newspapers.

Highlight crucial lines or quotes and write them differently.

Practise one previous year's UPSC essay topic for at least a week and obtain it for peer review.

Use normal creative language while writing.

Implement integrated attitude thinking.

UPSC IAS 2023 essay topics can be divided into four categories - argumentative, expository, narrative and descriptive essays. The essay must be written in such a way that it would provide meaningful information to the reader.

Most of the UPSC IAS essay topics asked in the UPSC IAS exam are taken from Democracy and Bureaucracy, Administration, Politics, Economic Growth, Judiciary, Poverty, Indian Culture, Media, Justice, Environmental Pollution, Quotes, Women, Education, Globalization, Science & technology, etc. Candidates must pay attention more to these subjects while preparing UPSC CSE essay questions.

To write a good essay, you need to understand the topic properly so that you will be able to explain it in a proper way. During preparation, keep making notes and read the newspaper daily. You can listen to podcasts on various topics to develop a deep understanding.

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Questions related to UPSC CSE

Dear aspirant !!

Hope you are doing good !

Yes it will be considered because Bachelor in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (BASLP) is a 4-year degree course . It is a multi-disciplinary profession with core subjects including speech pathology, language pathology, and audiology.

Hope it helps you ;

Dear Aspirant !

Hope you are fine!

The main subjects for the UPSC Exam are Indian Politics, Indian Economy, International Relations, Science and Technology, Geography, History, Environment and Ecology, and related Current Affairs . There are 25 subjects and 23 literature optional that one can choose from in addition to this..

Hello aspirant,

With the help of the IAS Answer Key 2024, applicants can estimate their potential score for the IAS preliminary exam, learn about the various IAS question types, gauge the exam's difficulty, and much more.

To get the answer key, you can visit our website by clicking on the link given below.

https://competition.careers360.com/articles/upsc-ias-answer-key

Hope this information helps you.

Hope you are doing good !!

The syllabus of these papers includes subjects like Modern Indian History, World Geography, International Relations, Indian Economic development, Disaster Management and Ethics, Aptitude and Integrity . To know all the subjects in detail, you can check UPSC syllabus 2024 for CSE in the given link below ;-

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://competition.careers360.com/articles/upsc-ias-syllabus&ved=2ahUKEwiYh_iZ_byEAxXLhlYBHf8GC1EQFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0LptyFY3WnS35rKlE8MAhL .

Hope it helps you !

Thanking you

Hope you are doing great.

As per your question, YES absolutely you can study for the IAS side by side along with your Btech course. There won't be any problem for the same. After completing your Btech course, then you can give your 1st attempt of UPSC exam.

Hope this helps!!

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

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Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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Important Essay Topics for UPSC Mains Exam

• Categories Optional

With every passing day, the democratic setup of India is strengthening, so are its administrative wings where transparency and accountability are evident. Well, it gives credibility to the fact that there are top administrative officers whose brilliant performance is at par excellence. Amid rigorous competition, UPSC ( Union Public Service Commission ) gets efficient candidates on-board who crack this toughest exam in India to serve the nation. This competitive examination includes 3 steps, Prelims, Mains and Personal Interview. Nevertheless, it’s a daunting task to crack such exam without meticulous preparation and strategies. In this blog, we have collated information related to the UPSC essay writing topics and their related components. It is paramount to have a tap on all those important UPSC Essay Topics which have been widely asked in previous years question papers .

Let’s take a look at important UPSC essay writing topics , you need to start practicing:

Social Topics

• Literacy and education.
• Modernization and Westernization in India
• Gender Equality-problems and perspectives
• Information Revolution and its increasing effects
• Consumerist culture and its effects.
• Reservation: Need, problems and solutions
• The issue of child labour: what to do?
• The mentality of misusing freedom
• Composite culture of India
• Rewriting of History
• The problem of conversion and its solution
• Uniform Civil Code: Need and perspective
• Sustainable Development
• Population Explosion:  Problem and solution
• Indian nationalism: Nature and perspectives
• The freedom of expression and its limitations.
• Socialism: An irrelevant ideology
• The responsibilities of Journalism
• Human Rights: Need of every human being        
• Corruption: A part of our way of life
• The problem of language and its solution             
• Need of saving childhood
• Youth unrest: Causes and solutions
• The problem of vulgarity
• Need for a youth and culture policy
• Indian culture: Unity in Diversity.

Like above questions Mirant Parikh, IAS(AIR 67, CSE 2016) has written Essay on one of above questions:

Click here for Full Copy

Political topics.

• India as a soft state
• The Constitutional Review: need and perspective
• The need of interaction between administration and public
• Every right is attached with a duty.
• The criminalization of politics
• Political instability: A hurdle in national development
• Achievements and failures of Democracy in India
• Is India really a secular state?
• Parliamentary Democracy: situation, problems and solutions
• Corruption in politics
• Judicial Activism
• The need of sensible administration
• National Security: Challenges and hopes
• Democracy: A way of life
• Kashmir problem: Need of a proper solution
• Coalition politics: past, present and future
• The gifts of Democracy: Casteism, Regionalism and Communalism.

Economic Topics

• India in the age of privatization, liberalization and globalization.
• New economic policies and the ideal of Democratic Socialism
• Poverty and socialism: the Indian contradiction
• New economic policies: oceans of poverty and islands of wealth
• Regional imbalance in development
• Human resource development and management.

International Topics

• The problems of third world countries
• The problem of international terrorism
• India's contribution to the world
• United Nations: Evaluation
• Human Rights: A universal propaganda
• Indian foreign policy: Need of restructuring
• India and its neighboring countries
• Idealism and pragmatism in foreign policy.

Mock answer by Mirant Parikh, IAS (AIR 67, CSE 2016)

Click here for full copy

Philosophical/imaginative topics.

• God is a subject of belief, not of reason
• The philosophy of post-modernism in context of India
• India's basic philosophy and its effect on our society
• Religion and Politics: the professions without capital
• 'Who cares’: the basic of youth culture.

Other topics

• New concepts of alternative medicine: Realities about them
• Natural disasters: the management of rescue
• Need of a sport policy for India
• Environment Protection: problem and solution.

Essay Preparation Strategy By: Mirant Parikh (AIR 67, CSE 2016)

Apart from these topics, candidates should browse through articles, columns, features of newspapers, magazines, journals for the preparation of good essays. Regular clippings and jotting down of important points on the side of clipped topics will ease your time and tension while giving a cursory look during the UPSC IAS examination period.

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UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topics with Solution and Examples, Get PDF

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topic with Solution and Examples. Get Essay writing topics from UPSC Mains Shift 1 exam which was held on 15 September 2023. Evaluate your answers in UPSC Mains 2023 Exam.

Table of Contents

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Topics

With UPSC Essay Topic with Solutions and Examples will be helpful to Evaluate your answers in the UPSC Mains 2023 Exam. Get Essay writing topics from UPSC Mains exam which was held on 15 September 2023. The list of topics is as follows:

• Thinking as a Game – The Role of Opposition in Shaping Ideas
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
• Girls is weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands harmful disciplines
• Not All Who Wander Are Lost

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topics with Solution

Every year UPSC i.e. Union Public Service Commission organizes the UPSC CSE exam across the country. This year UPSC Mains exam is being organized on 15, 16, 17, 23, and 24 September. The essay writing paper was conducted during the morning shift on September 15th. You can check all the UPSC Essay Topics From the 2023 Exam with Solution which was held on 15th September in this article. For the convenience of the students, our expert content team has provided detailed solutions to these UPSC Essay Questions.

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Pattern

A total of eight topics are given in the UPSC Mains Essay Writing paper, out of which students have to write essays on two topics. The weightage of these two questions in the exam is 250 marks. The student gets 125 maximum marks on each essay.

Essay Writing on Thinking as a Game – The Role of Opposition in Shaping Ideas

Thinking is a fundamental human activity that underpins our ability to understand, learn, and innovate. It is often described as a cognitive process involving the manipulation of mental representations. However, one intriguing perspective is to view thinking as akin to a game, where the presence of opposing forces or contrasting ideas acts as a catalyst for the development of thoughts and the evolution of human knowledge.

The Nature of Thinking

Political Thinking

• Non-Alignment: Current Stance of India in G-20 Summit 2023.
• The Role of Opposition in Democracy

Social Thinking

• An evolving social perspective on Homo-sexuality: Navtej Johwar Singh Case, Ratan TATA initiative: Goodfellows: to utilize India demographic dividend.

Economical Thinking

• UPI, betting, Fiscal consolidation (budget 2023): FRBM act, Circular Economy, 1991 Economic Policy of India.

Scientific Thinking

• Geocentric theory to Heliocentric theory, Human Genome Project,

Environmental Thinking

• SDG’s, Net Zero mission

Educational Thinking

• New education policy, Online Universities

Historical Thinking

• Ashoka Dhamma, Middle Path by Gautam Buddha, Mahabharata: Theory of Geeta.

Ethical dilemma

• Environmental Impact Assessment Policy,

Geopolitics   

• Evolution of NATO and Russia Ukraine War, BRI: INDIA-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor.

Embracing opposition, rather than shying away from it, is the key to unlocking the full potential of our cognitive abilities and driving positive change in the world.

Essay Writing on A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

The relationship between justice and charity in society is a topic of profound significance. This essay delves into the idea that a society characterized by a greater degree of justice inherently requires less charity. Justice and charity are not competing concepts but rather two complementary pillars upon which a fair and equitable society can be built.

Introduction

“A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity,” has been stated by Ralph Nader. It highlights the interconnectedness of these two ideals and underscores the importance of addressing systemic inequalities to reduce the burden of charitable interventions. This synopsis provides a brief overview of the key arguments and insights explored in the full essay.

Justice as a Foundation

• When justice prevails, it minimizes the disparities that give rise to the need for charity.
• By addressing root causes such as poverty, discrimination, and social exclusion, justice acts as a proactive force that prevents individuals from falling into dire circumstances requiring charity.

Charity as a Symptom

• Charity plays a vital role in providing immediate relief to those in need, it often operates as a symptom of systemic failures.
• Subsidies: WTO AOA
• Capitalist skill program vs. Socialist welfare program.

Systemic Injustices and Charity

Rather than doing the charity, Justice in different areas should be promoted

• Gender inequality: Only 14% are women in the Parliament.
• Freebies: Loan Waiver
• Unemployment: Universal Basic Income

Empowerment vs. Dependency

• A just society prioritizes empowerment over dependency.
• In contrast, excessive reliance on charity can create a cycle of dependency, inhibiting individuals’ ability to break free from the cycle of poverty.
• Nelson Mandela once said, ‘Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world’.

Governmental Role in Justice

• Effective public policies that promote equitable wealth distribution, affordable healthcare, quality education, and social safety nets can significantly reduce the need for charity.
• MUDRA Yojana, PM SVANIDHI, Skill India, Atal tinkering labs

Charity’s Complementary Role

• While the essay emphasizes the importance of justice as a foundational principle, it does not diminish the value of charity.
• Charitable organizations and initiatives continue to provide essential support and relief to marginalized communities.
• However, the focus shifts from mere charity to a more comprehensive approach that combines charity with systemic change to create lasting solutions.

In conclusion, the relationship between justice and charity is one of interdependence. The quote implies that charity is a band-aid service to a bigger issue. If a society is simple, it will have the ability to offer its residents and they will not be required to count on charity. This quote is a call to action for society to concentrate on justice and fairness. It is a pointer that charity is not a long-lasting option and that justice should be the ultimate objective. A society committed to justice inherently reduces the need for charity by addressing systemic injustices, empowering individuals, and fostering self-sufficiency.  Justice is the structure of a healthy society and it should be the top priority of all residents.

Essay Writing on Girls is weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands harmful disciplines

Cinema is a reflection of society, Srijit Mukherji directed the movie: Shabaash Mithu, which clearly shows the weight of women in Indian Society. Similarly, Raksha Bandhan movie: Directed by Aanand L. Rai, shows that the boys are harmed by the exceptional demands.

Gender Stereotypes

Explanation of how society often imposes rigid stereotypes on girls and boys.

Discussion of how these stereotypes shape societal expectations and behaviors.

Girls and Restrictions

Glass Ceiling Effect

• Supreme Court CJI, only 11 Cabinet ministers are women: in comparison to 48% population,
• Not a single woman to date became the Chief of ISRO though the renounced missions like Mission Mangal, and Chandrayaan-3 witnessed the highest participation of Women.
• The USA, to date, didn’t witness a single Lady President.
• Son Meta Preference, Kul Deepak,
• Conspiracy against Razia Sultan
• Household work by women is not calculated in the GDP

Pink collar Jobs

• Low salaries
• Limited scope for growth

Girls without restriction

STEM: Mission Mangal, Chandrayaan-3,

Kalpana Chawla, P.V. Sindhu, Marry Kom, Mithali Raj, Priyanka Chopra, Vineeta Singh, Kiran Bedi, Geeta Singh Phogat.

UPSC: The top 4 are women

Boys and Harmful Disciplines:

Pressure to be Successful:

• UPSC: around 11 lakh people are preparing for 1000 vacancies.
• Kota suicide due to societal pressure
• Commercialization of the marriage system
• Pressure to be emotionally Strong “Be a Man”
• Career over power passion

Recap of the main points made in the essay regarding gender stereotypes and societal expectations. Due to the efforts of government like ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’, Skill India, Start-up India, Sarv Siksha Abhiyaan, etc., many sections of the society benefit from it, but there are still many challenges that need to be addressed.

Essay Writing on Not All Who Wander Are Lost

The famous phrase, “Not All Who Wander Are Lost,” originally coined by J.R.R. Tolkien in “The Lord of the Rings,” encapsulates the idea that wandering, exploring, and deviating from the beaten path can be purposeful and meaningful. This synopsis provides a concise overview of the essay’s exploration of the deeper meaning behind this phrase and its relevance to life’s journeys.

Embracing Uncertainty

Discussion of how wandering allows individuals to embrace uncertainty and unpredictability.

Exploration of how this can lead to personal growth and self-discovery.

• Columbus: Invented the route to America
• Thomas Alva Edison: Invention of the bulb
• Marie Curie: Invented radium and polonium, and her huge contribution to finding treatments for cancer.

Creativity and Innovation

Highlighting how wandering, in the figurative sense, fosters creativity and innovation.

Examples of how some of the greatest discoveries and inventions have come from wandering minds.

• Space Programmes: Discovery of water on the moon, moonquakes, Moon climate, Aditya L1, Apollo11
• AI tools: Chat GPT, IOT, Meta

Spiritual and Philosophical Significance

• Examination of the spiritual and philosophical significance of wandering.
• Reference to how many spiritual traditions incorporate wandering or pilgrimage as a means of enlightenment.
• Gautam Buddha
• Vivekananda

Freedom and Individuality:

Discussion of how wandering represents freedom and individuality.

Exploration of how societal norms and expectations can stifle personal growth, making wandering an act of defiance.

• Mahatma Gandhi
• Nelson Mandela
• Barak Obama

Balancing Purpose and Wanderlust:

Emphasis on the importance of balancing purpose and wanderlust.

Mention how setting goals and having direction can enhance the value of wandering.

• Dashrath Manjhi
• Neeraj Chopra

Conclusion:

Recap of the main points made in the essay about the phrase, “Not All Who Wander Are Lost.” Reiteration of the idea that wandering, when approached with mindfulness, can lead to profound personal and intellectual discoveries.

UPSC Mains Question Paper Analysis 2023

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UPSC Essay Topics

• Updated on  
• May 30, 2023

With every passing day, the democratic setup of India is strengthening, and so are its administrative wings where transparency and accountability are evident. Well, it gives credibility to the fact that there are top administrative officers whose brilliant performance is at par excellence. Amid rigorous competition, UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) gets efficient candidates on board who crack this toughest exam in India to serve the nation. This competitive examination includes 3 steps, Prelims, Mains and Personal Interview . Nevertheless, it’s a daunting task to crack such tests without meticulous preparation and strategies. In this blog, we have collated information related to the UPSC essay topics and their related components. 

This Blog Includes:

Upsc exam dates 2023, general overview , upsc essay topics previous years, upsc essay topics-important areas, upsc essay topics in english, essay topics on arguments for or against , essay reports for 200 words, 2019 essays, 2018 essays, other upsc essay topics, what is upsc looking for in an essay, how to make transition from one para to another, read essays, topper tips for upsc essay writing.

The following are the important dates for the UPSC exam in 2023:

UPSC is India’s apex body that recruits candidates across the country for All India Group A & Group B central services. While prelims is an objective type of paper, the UPSC mains comprises nine subjective papers including an essay paper. Candidates have to write two UPSC essays on the allocated topics with a word count of 1000-1200. 

Have a Look at the Public Administration Syllabus for UPSC !

It is paramount to have a tap on all those important UPSC essay topics which were widely asked in previously based question papers. Let’s take a look at important UPSC essay topics, you need to start practising:

Now that you have got the list of important UPSC essay topics, have a look at the History Questions for UPSC & SSC Exams !

Usually, the UPSC Essay questions cover these areas:

• Media & Society
• Philosophies
• Environment/urbanization
• Social justice/poverty
• Economic sector
• Indian Culture & Society
• Administration
• Cauvery Water Dispute
• Satluj Yamuna Link Canal case
• The Inter-State River Water Amendment Bill
• Agricultural schemes of the government in the era of farmer suicide:
• effectiveness of the schemes
• Atal Bhujal Yojana scheme
• Apolitical Education
• Politics and the Degradation of the education system
• Frequent changes in educational curriculum
• The higher education system and its issues
• CSR funds for skill enhancement
• National Policy for skill development
• Current environmental crisis due to extensive population growth
• Lack of initiatives and policymaking to save the environment
• The impact of globalization on the environment
• The unrecognised slum areas and the slum dwellers
• Unequal economic distribution
• Revolution of technology
• Demographic dividend
• The position of India against China
• The modern Foreign policy
• International relations- changing nature
• Fast track diplomacy and Para diplomacy
• Basic income and subsidy policy
• Can subsidies eradicate poverty?
• The debate over nationalism
• The effect of global capitalism
• UN multilateralism and its role
• Universal civil code
• Agriculture
• Impaired food security
• UPI, BHIM, and ADHAAR linkage and cyber security
• BRICS developmental bank and its policy
• The anti-western attitude
• The China factor
• The pollution in urban areas
• Threatening diseases and health hazards
• Progressive thoughts regarding religious beliefs
• Social mobility
• Artificial intelligence

Essay Topics for UPSC 2023

• Emerging Threats to India’s Internal Security
• Crime against women is an expression of male domination
• Crisis of Credibility in Indian Electronic Media
• Securing India’s International Borders is a Challenging exercise for the Indian Armed Forces
• Parenting in a competitive Indian Society is a challenge
• Ensuring social justice is a human right
• Life is a Long Journey between Human Beings and Being Humane
• Mindful Manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication
• Culture is what we are, Civilization is what we have
• There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality
• Technology is the silent factor in the international relations
• Solitude during a Pandemic is not welcome
• Political awareness amongst the social elite is inconsequential
• Provision for Primary Education Sector in the New Education Policy
• Impact of the Agricultural Laws on Farmers

Here are the previous year’s questions for UPSC Exam:

• Wisdom finds Truth
• Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society
• Courage to accept and dedication to improving are two keys to success
• South Asian societies are woven not around the state but around their plural culture and plural identities
• Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness
• Biased Media is a real threat to the Indian Democracy
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of a jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and Upskilling
• The Earth is not for Humans Only
• The Impact of Social Media on Social Relationships
• Role of the Indian Army in Nation Building
• Alternative Technologies for a climate change resilient India
• A good life is inspired by love and guided by knowledge
• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere
• Management of Indian border disputes- a complex task
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life
• The past is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values
• People that value privilege above principle lose both
• Reality does not conform to the ideal but confirms it
• Civil wrong emerging from religious bigotry, constitutionally punishable
• Reservation suppresses civil dynamism
• Privacy is an elitist Idea

Must Read: Beginner’s Guide to Writing an Essay

Now that you have a clear picture of the major UPSC essay topics, we have another set of current affair-based topics for you:

• Kashmir Problem – Historical Injustice or Misguided Geopolitics?
• India – $5 Trillion Economy: Dream or Reality?
• COVID-19 Pandemics, though Catastrophic, are in the end Meant to Reset Humanity and its Priorities
• Biased Media is a Real Threat to Indian Democracy
• Importance of Skilling the Youth of the Nation
• New India at 75
• The Future of TV Channels with the Advent of OTT Platforms
• Impact of Work From Home on Employees’ Health
• Remote Working vs Working From Office
• Environment vs Growth
• Cyberspace and Internet
• Digital Economy

You will be asked to write answers to different essays on the question. Your essay should be closer to the subject and organize ideas in an orderly fashion, and write concisely. In UPSC Exam, your marks are only based on the content however, the examiner will pay attention to your grammar, coherence and the manner in which you have structured your content.

Making proper transitions from one paragraph to another is important. It can be done in three ways:

• Create a connection sentence at the end of the paragraph.
• Add a question at the end of the paragraph to create interest for the next paragraph.
• Use transition words to signal a change in the paragraph.
• Speech on Fear
• Essay on India
• Importance of Social Media
• Child Labour
• Essay on Digital India
• Essay On Sikkim
• Save Electricity Essay: Format & Samples
• Essay on Education System
• Essay on Global Warming
• Essay on Internet

Apurva Pandey from batch 2017 shared her topper tips on how to prepare and write essays for UPSC.

In UPSC exams, there will be 2 essay questions for which you have to write essays within 1000-1200 words each.

The IAS exam usually consists of topics related to general awareness. For a clear insight, you can refer to the aforementioned UPSC essay topics.

The latest topics for essay writing are: Kashmir Problem – Historical Injustice or Misguided Geopolitics?; India – $5 Trillion Economy: Dream or Reality? COVID-19 Pandemics, though Catastrophic, are in the end Meant to Reset Humanity and its Priorities; Biased Media is a Real Threat to Indian Democracy, etc

Hopefully, this blog on UPSC essay topics has helped you with a clear understanding of the way forward. To read informative articles like this one, keep following Leverage Edu !

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UPSC Essay Syllabus 2023

Home » UPSC Essay Syllabus 2023

• June 3, 2023

UPSC Essay Syllabus:

candidates are expected to ‘keep closely to the subject’ of the essay and arrange their ideas in an ‘orderly fashion’. Credit will be given for ‘effective and exact expression’.

Basics of essay paper:

• Essay Significance : Worth 250 marks – can significantly impact your score.
• Generalist Approach : It’s about broad understanding and communication, not specialist knowledge.
• Time Management : Crucial for success – practice writing within time constraints.
• Prepared Content : Beneficial, but ensure it’s adaptable to different topics.
• Address Weaknesses : Important to improve areas like grammar, spelling, or handwriting.
• Grammar/Spelling : Yes, they matter for clear communication.
• Handwriting : Legibility is key – poor handwriting could affect readability.

3 ELEMENTS OF ESSAY:

• Choosing a Topic:
• Pick a topic you’re knowledgeable about and interested in.
• Ensure it’s a topic you can write extensively and insightfully on.
• Consider a topic with potential for a diverse range of arguments.
• Interpreting the Topic:
• Understand exactly what the topic is asking for – look for keywords and phrases.
• Consider different perspectives of the topic to gain a comprehensive understanding.
• Research the topic to ensure you’re well-informed about all aspects.
• Structure of the Essay :
• Introduction : Present your topic and thesis statement.
• Body : Develop your arguments and provide supporting evidence.
• Conclusion : Recap your main points and provide a final thought or implication.

How to Choose a topic

• Choosing a Topic :
• Adequate Content : Select a topic on which you have sufficient knowledge to write a comprehensive essay.
• Risk and Returns : Avoid choosing a difficult topic just to stand out. Common topics are less risky and ensure average returns, while difficult topics pose high risks with uncertain returns.
• Broad/General Topics : These are preferable as they make it easier to generate extensive content.
• Discuss Both Sides : Opt for a topic that allows you to present balanced viewpoints. This approach not only broadens your essay content but also demonstrates your ability to consider multiple perspectives.
• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence : This topic calls for a deep understanding of ecological economics, sustainable development, and environmental studies. If you are well-versed in these areas, this could be a great choice. The broad scope allows for a rich, diverse discussion.
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world : This topic requires a strong understanding of literature, societal impact of poetry, and its intersection with politics and societal norms. If you are comfortable discussing the role of literature and art in society, this topic could be an excellent choice.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man : If you have a solid understanding of the history of scientific and romantic (artistic, emotional, intuitive) thought and their influence over time, this could be a compelling topic. It requires a deep dive into intellectual history and philosophy.
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for : This topic is a metaphorical statement that can be interpreted in many ways, relating to risk, purpose, exploration, comfort zones, etc. It is a broad topic that could apply to various areas, from personal growth to political policies.
• Interpreting the Topic :
• Understand the Topic and its Demands : Carefully read the topic and ensure you comprehend its demands accurately. Identify the underlying theme, the perspectives it implies, and the kind of discussion it’s asking for.
• Create the Skeletal Structure of Your Essay : This step involves:
• Identifying Key Terms : Spot the important words or phrases in the topic that hold the essence of what needs to be addressed. These will guide the direction of your essay.
• Developing Linkages Between Terms : Determine how these key terms relate to each other within the context of the topic. This will provide a framework for your arguments and help maintain the coherence of your essay.

For example, in the topic “Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence”, the key terms might be “forests”, “case studies”, and “economic excellence”. You would then develop linkages between these terms, such as how forests (through sustainable use, ecosystem services, etc.) can serve as case studies illustrating economic excellence.

2A. Interpreting the Topic Correctly :

• Rephrase the Topic as a Question : This technique can help you better understand the demand of the topic. For example, “Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence” could be rephrased as “How can forests serve as the best case studies for economic excellence?”.
• Agreement/Disagreement : Determine whether you agree or disagree with the proposed question.
• If you agree or disagree, ensure you have compelling arguments to support your stance.
• If the topic is informative, aim to discuss it from various perspectives.

Dimensions to Explore in an Informative Topic :

Depending on the subject of your essay, you might explore the topic through different dimensions, such as:

• Technological
• Humanitarian
• Philosophical
• Environmental

Here’s an example of how to interpret these topics:

2B. Creating the Skeletal Structure of Your Essay :

• Identify Key Terms : Read the topic thoroughly and highlight the important terms or phrases that encapsulate the essence of what you’re asked to discuss.
• Understand Linkages : Determine how the key terms are connected within the context of the topic. Understanding these linkages will guide your arguments and maintain the coherence of your essay.
• Create a Checklist : Formulate a list of the points your essay must address, based on the key terms and their linkages.

This would help you differentiate between a substandard and a good essay:

• A substandard essay merely provides information on the terms, with weak or absent linkages.
• A good essay , on the other hand:
• Explains the key terms in detail.
• Elucidates the connections between these terms.
• Elaborates on these connections, supporting them with relevant evidence.

Here’s how you might create a skeletal structure for these essay topics:

Here’s a concise way to represent your provided essay structure in table format:

here’s how to write an effective introduction for your essay:

here’s how to effectively write a conclusion for your essay:

ESSAY PAPER – UPSC Civil Services Mains – 2022

1. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence

2. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world

3. History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man

4. A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for

5. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining

6. You cannot step twice in the same river

7. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities

8. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Avoiding Common Pitfalls in UPSC Civil Services Exam Essay Writing

Avoid One-Dimensional Approach :

• Essays should be expansive and multi-dimensional, not overly focused on one aspect like history or politics.

Don’t Deviate from the Topic :

• Even if passionate about a topic, always write what is asked, not just what you know or feel.
• Regularly check if your essay is aligned with the question to prevent steering away from the topic.

Avoid Abstract Topics if Not Comfortable :

• If uncomfortable with abstract philosophical topics, it’s best to avoid such questions.
• Selecting an unpopular topic just for the sake of it can be unwise.

Understand Technical Terms :

• If the question contains a technical term, ensure you understand it correctly before writing.
• Misunderstanding can lead to generic writing, affecting your score.

Avoid Extreme or Unpopular Opinions :

• When taking a stance on an issue, avoid extreme or highly unpopular views to minimize risk.
• Present arguments for both sides, and conclude on a balanced note.

No Ranting :

• Present both positive and negative aspects of a topic, even if you have a personal bias.
• The essay should end on a balanced note.

Equal Time Investment :

• Both essays carry equal marks, so invest equal time in each.
• Avoid dedicating disproportionate time to one essay at the expense of the other.

Effective Paragraph Transition Techniques in Essay Writing

1. Link Sentences :

• Description : Conclude the paragraph with a sentence that prepares the reader for the next topic.
• Example : If you’re discussing the impact of climate change on the global economy, you could end with, “Beyond the economic disruption, climate change poses significant threats to global health.” The following paragraph could then dive into the health consequences of climate change.

2. Transitional Questions :

• Description : Guide your reader to the next topic by posing a question at the end of a paragraph.
• Example : After discussing the economic impacts of climate change, you could ask, “While the economic implications are considerable, how is climate change influencing global health?” The next paragraph would then unpack this question.

3. Signaling Shifts at the Start of a New Paragraph :

• Description : Begin the new paragraph with a word or phrase that signals a transition to a new subtopic.
• Example : In an essay on Climate Change, if you’ve discussed its economic impact, the next paragraph can start with, “In addition to its economic effects, climate change also profoundly impacts global health…” This prepares the reader for a shift in the discussion towards health-related consequences of climate change.

Implementing these transition techniques helps to maintain a logical flow in your essay, making it easier for the reader to follow your argument.

Previous Years Essay Topics: (2015-2022):

Philosophical Essay Topics:

• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed.
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.
• Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success.
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
• Quick but steady wins the race.
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life.
• ‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values.
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both.
• Reality does not confirm to the ideal, but confirms it.
• Wisdom finds truth.
• Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be.
• Life is a long journey between human being and being humane.
• Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self.
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
• History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
• You cannot step twice in the same river.
• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader.
• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
• There are better practices to “best practices”.
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil.
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for society.
• Ships do not sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
• The real is rational and the rational is real.
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.

Socio-Economic Essay Topics:

• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic.
• Can capitalism bring inclusive growth?
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms.
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality.
• If development is not engendered, it is endangered.
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare.
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India.
• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for the majority of farmers in India.
• Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness.
• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere.
• There can be no social justice without economic prosperity, but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless.

Women issues:

• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
• Fulfillment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.

Science and Tech:

• Technology cannot replace manpower.
• Cyberspace and internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run.
• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India.
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling.
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

Environmental:

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.

International Relations:

• Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world?
• South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities.

Polity and Governance:

• Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality.
• Water disputes between States in federal India.
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws.
• Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task.

List of quotes:

1. Democracy and Politics

• “Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people.” – Abraham Lincoln
• “The ballot is stronger than the bullet.” – Abraham Lincoln
• “Democracy is a device that ensures we shall be governed no better than we deserve.” – George Bernard Shaw
• “The power to question is the basis of all human progress.” – Indira Gandhi
• “Democracy means nothing if people are not able to work the democracy for the common good.” – Chandra Bhushan

2. Environment and Sustainability

• “The Earth does not belong to us: we belong to the Earth.” – Marlee Matlin
• “We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.” – Native American Proverb
• “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.” – Mahatma Gandhi
• “In the end, we will conserve only what we love, we will love only what we understand, and we will understand only what we are taught.” – Baba Dioum
• “There are no passengers on Spaceship Earth. We are all crew.” – Marshall McLuhan

3. Education and Knowledge

• “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” – Nelson Mandela
• “The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” – Aristotle
• “Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.” – W.B. Yeats
• “Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere.” – Chanakya
• “Real education enhances the dignity of a human being and increases his or her self-respect.” – A.P.J Abdul Kalam

4. Women Empowerment

• “There is no tool for development more effective than the empowerment of women.” – Kofi Annan
• “A woman with a voice is by definition a strong woman.” – Melinda Gates
• “If you want something said, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman.” – Margaret Thatcher
• “To call woman the weaker sex is a libel; it is man’s injustice to woman.” – Mahatma Gandhi
• “Our progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in education. The human mind is our fundamental resource.” – John F. Kennedy

5. Ethics and Morality

• “The only way to deal with an unfree world is to become so absolutely free that your very existence is an act of rebellion.” – Albert Camus
• “The time is always right to do what is right.” – Martin Luther King Jr.
• “Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom.” – Thomas Jefferson
• “The greatness of humanity is not in being human, but in being humane.” – Mahatma Gandhi
• “Morality is the basis of things and truth is the substance of all morality.” – Mahatma Gandhi

6. Technology and Progress

• “Technology is a useful servant but a dangerous master.” – Christian Lous Lange
• “The science of today is the technology of tomorrow.” – Edward Teller
• “Science and technology revolutionize our lives, but memory, tradition and myth frame our response.” – Arthur Schlesinger
• “For me, there are two types of people: the young and the experienced.” – A.P.J Abdul Kalam
• “The human spirit must prevail over technology.” – Albert Einstein

7. Social Issues and Equality

• “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” – Martin Luther King Jr.
• “Our ability to reach unity in diversity will be the beauty and the test of our civilization.” – Mahatma Gandhi
• “Social justice cannot be attained by violence. Violence kills what it intends to create.” – Pope John Paul II
• “Poverty is the worst form of violence.” – Mahatma Gandhi
• “Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle.” – Martin Luther King Jr.

Conclusion Phrases and Quotes for Essay Writing:

• “Satyameva Jayate” (Truth alone triumphs) – Mundaka Upanishad
• “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (The world is one family) – Maha Upanishad
• “Aano bhadra krtavo yantu vishwatah” (Let noble thoughts come to me from all directions) – Rigveda
• “Ahimsa paramo dharmah” (Non-violence is the highest duty) – Mahabharata
• “Tamso ma jyotirgamaya” (Lead me from darkness to light) – Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
• “Sarve Bhavantu Sukhinah” (May all be happy) – Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
• “Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high; Where knowledge is free” – Rabindranath Tagore
• “You must be the change you wish to see in the world.” – Mahatma Gandhi
• “In the end, it’s not the years in your life that count, it’s the life in your years.” – Abraham Lincoln
• “Unity in diversity is India’s strength. There is simplicity in every Indian. There is unity in every corner of India. This is our strength.” – Narendra Modi
• “Dream, dream, dream. Dreams transform into thoughts and thoughts result in action.” – A.P.J Abdul Kalam
• “Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached.” – Swami Vivekananda
• “The future depends on what we do in the present.” – Mahatma Gandhi
• “To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal.” – A.P.J Abdul Kalam
• “The biggest guru-mantra is: Never share your secrets with anybody. It will destroy you.” – Chanakya
• “Change is the law of the universe. You can be a millionaire, or a pauper in an instant.” – Bhagavad Gita
• “Every act is righteous which is performed with the knowledge of our duty, without attachment.” – Bhagavad Gita
• “To believe in something, and not to live it, is dishonest.” – Mahatma Gandhi
• “Whatever happened, happened for the good. Whatever is happening, is happening for the good. Whatever will happen, will also happen for the good.” – Bhagavad Gita
• “We are what our thoughts have made us; so take care about what you think. Words are secondary. Thoughts live; they travel far.” – Swami Vivekananda

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UPSC Prelims 2022 Question Topics: What are the 100 Areas from which UPSC Framed Questions last year?

Last updated on October 10, 2023 by Alex Andrews George

UPSC CSE Preliminary Exam is becoming tougher and tougher. The cut-off score is coming down year after year. Why is this so?

This is because UPSC has improved their game altogether. The Commission is asking questions from new areas most aspirants are unheard of.

However, aspirants are, unfortunately, still preparing the traditional way! There are big gaps in their preparation!

Also read: UPSC Prelims 2021 Question Topics: 100 Areas from which UPSC Framed Questions

Table of Contents

Stop preparing using traditional methods!

Questions are now being asked from entirely different areas/topics.

Do you wish to narrow your gaps and adopt the UPSC way of thinking?

Take Your IAS/IPS/IFS Preparation to Next Level!

Courses. Test Series. Study Materials.

Explore ClearIAS Resources

This is possible only if you properly analyse the UPSC question papers of previous years.

Let’s now analyse the UPSC Prelims General Studies Questions Paper of 2022 (Version A).

It may help you get important insights into the priority areas of UPSC. I believe this exercise will give you valuable clues.

PS: I will be personally doing a video series to help aspirants with the direction they should prepare for upcoming prelims. Stay tuned.

Also read: 10 Repeatedly Asked Question Areas in UPSC Prelims

UPSC Prelims 2022 Topics: 100 Question Areas

The questions in Version A followed a proper subject-specific order. This was the case in 2021 as well.

UPSC Prelims Test Series 2024

Take All-India Mock Exams: Analyse Your Progress!

Indian Economy

• ‘’Rapid Financing Instrument’’ and ‘’Rapid Credit Facility’’ – IMF
• NEER and REER – Inflation/Exchange Rate Connection
• RBI-Government Securities – Inflation/Exchange Rate Connection
• G20 Common Framework
• Inflation-Indexed Bonds (IIBs)
• Foreign-owned e-commerce firms operating in India – Rules
• Real sector in the economy
• Indirect Transfers
• Capital expenditure and revenue expenditure
• Government borrowings and internal debt

Indian Polity

• Contempt of Courts
• Advocates and Bar Council
• Constitution Amendment Bill
• Ministers in the Union Government
• Exclusive power(s) of Lok Sabha
• Anti-defection law in India
• Attorney General of India and Solicitor General of India
• Writs issued by the Courts in India
• Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
• Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
• Crops – the anthropogenic source of both methane and nitrous oxide
• System of Rice Intensification
• Lakes of West Africa
• Gandikota canyon of South India
• Peak: Mountains (Match the following)
• Countries bordering Afghanistan
• Northern hemisphere, the longest day
• Wetland/Lake: Location (Match the following)

Science and Technology

• Open-source digital platforms
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
• Short-Range devices/technologies
• Vaccines manufactured to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic
• Solar storm (solar-flare)

Environment

• Climate Action Tracker
• The Climate Group – EP100
• WHO Air Quality Guidelines
• Polyethylene terephthalate
• Nitrogen-fixing plants
• Biorock technology
• Miyawaki method

Indian History and Culture

• Government of India Act 1919 – “Reserved” and “Transferred” subjects
• Medieval India – the term “Fanam”
• Freedom fighters – Ghadar Party
• Cripps Mission
• Jaina texts
• Historical persons/scholars
• Jalal-ud-din Khalji – Ala-ud-din Khalji – Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
• “Kulah-Daran”
• The English East India Company – Dutch and Portugese
• Kautiyla’s Arthahastra

Also read: Ghadar Party

Miscellaneous

• Capital flight
• Tea-producing States
• Credit rating agencies
• Banks Board Bureau (BBB)
• Convertible Bonds
• India – Member Nation
• Organisation that maintains price stability by controlling inflation
• Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)
• Reservoirs – States
• Labour Bureau – industrial disputes
• Coal Controller’s Organization (CCO)
• Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India
• India Sanitation Coalition/National Institute of Urban Affairs
• Central Ground Water Authority – Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
• United Nations Credentials Committee
• United Nations General Assembly
• Greenwashing
• Bidibidi – South Sudan – Kenya
• Organization of Turkic States
• Solar Projects
• United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea
• Senkaku Islands
• Country: Important reason for being in the news recently (Match the following)
• Regions often mentioned in the news: Country (Match the following)
• Indian laws about wildlife protection
• Cultivators of fungi
• Ashoka’s major rock edicts: State (Match the following)
• King: Dynasty (Match the following)
• Sangam literature
• Yogavasistha – Nizamuddin Panipati
• Somnath Temple
• Role of B cells and T cells in the human body
• Nanoparticles
• DNA Barcoding

UPSC Prelims 2022 Question Topics: Subject-wise Break-Up

If you are a regular follower of ClearIAS you might have noticed the UPSC Prelims 100 Question Topics series before as well. It’s my practice to break the previous year’s UPSC question papers subject-wise and topic-wise. I have done this in 2019, 2020, and 2021 as well.

The break-up of questions was approximately as below:

• Economics and Indian Economy – 20 questions
• Indian Polity – 20 questions
• Geography – 18 questions
• Environment – 12 questions
• Science and Technology – 14 questions
• Indian History and Culture – 16 questions
• Current Affairs – Accounted in the above subjects

As stated above, in 2022, with respect to Version A, UPSC followed the subject-wise order of questions. The Commission didn’t randomly shuffle questions between subjects. Mostly, questions were divided between subjects in a batch of 10 questions each.

Also read: UPSC Prelims 2019 Question Topics – 100 Areas from which UPSC Framed Questions This Year

What was the weightage of current affairs?

Almost all of the questions in Science and Technology and Environment were connected with topics in news in the last 10 years.

Even 2-3 questions from the Indian History section were based on the background of news topics.

There were around 10 questions with the keyword ‘recent’ or ‘news’ or ‘media’ in the question.

However, students should note that many of these questions could have been answered with a good understanding of static topics as well. This is because questions from current affairs were not strictly from topics in news in the last 1 year.

Topics like indirect transfers and inflation index bonds were in news for more than 8 years.

A student with a regular reading habit of a good newspaper like The Hindu or The Indian Express would have quickly answered many of the questions.

Analysis of the UPSC Questions Paper 2022

The purpose of the analysis of the UPSC question paper is to find an idea regarding the question areas and priority topics (if any).

However, you should understand that the priority of UPSC will not remain stagnant.

UPSC in one year gives priority to a few subjects or topics. The weightage can vary in the next year.

What UPSC gives priority in the Civil Services Examination (CSE) has changed a lot in the last 4-4 years.

However, there are certain key points to be remembered. I am mentioning it below.

(1) You should be conceptually strong in static subjects: UPSC CSE syllabus can be divided into static topics and dynamic topics (current affairs). You should understand that Current affairs are not separate from static areas.  They are highly connected. However, priority should be given to static areas. Only if you know static areas, you can properly connect them with items in news (Economy-related news, Polity-related news, Technology-related news, Environment-related news etc).

(2) UPSC has increased the sources from which questions are prepared: In earlier days, UPSC used to prepare 100 questions by referring to only a few sources. But now, in the online age, there is no dearth of sources for the Commission. The Commission does not stick to just the popular textbooks most aspirants limit their preparation with. You should build your basics from the NCERT books/standard books/video courses and then expand your learning to higher topics.

(3) Don’t limit your preparation just to traditional sources: Most of the questions asked in UPSC CSE 2022 cannot be answered by just referring to  NCERT text-books or standard reference textbooks . I am not saying textbooks are unimportant. But you may get only 30-40% of questions nowadays from traditional textbooks. You need wide reading (Eg: Newspapers, Online Courses, New Textbooks etc). You should also master 40 Intelligent Elimination Techniques (IETs) of ClearIAS to ensure that you cross the cut-off score.

(4) Focus on the new topics along with evergreen question areas: There are certain favourite areas for UPSC. For example, Exchange Rate, Inflation, Monetary Policy etc are evergreen topics with respect to the Indian Economy. However, aspirants cannot limit their preparation just to these repeated areas. UPSC nowadays includes questions from a lot of new areas which is of interest to a serious aspirant.

(5) First things first:  It’s impossible to go behind all possible sources. You should focus your attention on those resources which give maximum results in minimum time. From that perspective, I recommend the 3 items –  ClearIAS Online Classes ,  ClearIAS Online Mock Exams , and  UPSC CSE Re-Take Exams  – to be part of the Core Resources.

(6) There is no alternative to newspapers:  The monthly compilations of coaching websites may help. But they should be clubbed with at least 30 minutes of daily newspaper reading. I recommend  The Hindu  and  The Hindu Business Line .  You can use the discount code CLEARIAS to get an extra Rs.100 discount on TH and BL e-papers.  More details are here .

(7) Learn beyond the basics: You may know very well about Indian President, Prime Minister or Speaker. But UPSC asked about Deputy Speaker and Solicitor General. They also asked about day-to-day polity like Advocates and Bar Council. The mantra is that once you build your conceptual understanding, expand the horizon of your learning.

(8) Focus on organisations: Many questions from polity and international relations were connected with organisations. This includes questions on organisations which many won’t expect to be asked. For example, questions on Tea Board, questions on Central Ground Water Authority, and questions on United Nations Credentials Committee.

(9) Give importance to agriculture: Agriculture is a repeated theme in UPSC CSE Prelims and Mains.

(10) Give importance to Important Acts: Learn about the important acts, bills, and rules. You should also learn the historical acts.

100-Topics Break Up of UPSC Previous Year Question Papers

• 100 Areas from which UPSC prepared Prelims questions in 2021 .
• 100 Areas from which UPSC prepared Prelims questions in 2020 .
• 100 Areas from which UPSC prepared Prelims questions in 2019 .

10 Repeatedly Asked Question Areas in UPSC Prelims

Based on the analysis of the last several years of UPSC question papers, I have consolidated 10 repeatedly asked question themes in UPSC CSE Prelims .

If you are lucky, a quick overview of the above topics may help you get at 15-20 extra questions correct in the next UPSC Prelims.

Video Class about the insights from UPSC Previous Year Question Papers

This is not the end of the discussion. I have many more insights to share on the previous year’s UPSC CSE Question Papers.

A detailed analysis of the paper will be conducted live in the coming days as part of the  ClearIAS Prelims Marks Booster Program .

I shall also guide you on how to prepare for the upcoming prelims based on the trends and patterns noticed in the previous year’s question papers.

Catch you in the live interactive class!

Meanwhile, let me know what you think of the break-up of the 100 topics in this article. You can use the comment section.

Regards, Alex.

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

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Important Essay Topics for UPSC CAPF 2023 Exam

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) exam is one of the most competitive exams in India, attracting thousands of aspirants each year. The following are some of the important essay topics that may be included in the UPSC CAPF 2023 exam:

• Challenges to the internal security of India
• Role of technology in improving internal security
• Measures to prevent communalism and religious extremism
• Women in uniform: Issues and Challenges
• Cybercrime and its impact on national security
• Borders and border management in India
• Climate change and its impact on internal security
• Nationalism vs. internationalism
• Importance of inter-agency coordination in internal security
• Ethics and moral values in the armed forces

Aspirants must note that these are some expected topics, and the actual topics that appear in the UPSC CAPF 2023 exam can be different. But, these topics can be a basic wireframe to cover the related concepts and prepare for the exam. Candidates must always be updated with the latest developments in the field of internal security and have proper knowledge about topics, events and incidents that can help them write better essays during the exam.

Here are some tips on how to attempt essay questions in the UPSC CAPF exam:

• Read the question carefully: Make sure you understand what is being asked of you before you start writing.
• Plan your essay: Take a few minutes to jot down some ideas on what you want to include in your essay. This will help you stay focused and organized.
• Write a clear introduction: Start your essay with a strong introduction that sets the context for your essay and states your thesis.
• Develop your ideas: Use examples and evidence to support your argument. Make sure your ideas are well-organized and easy to follow.
• Conclude effectively: Sum up your main points and restate your thesis in a concise and clear manner. Do not introduce new information in conclusion.
• Edit and proofread: Before submitting your essay, take the time to read through it carefully and make any necessary corrections.
• Use proper language and grammar: Write in a clear, concise and well-structured manner. Avoid using slang or overly complex language.
• Stay within the word limit: Make sure you stay within the word limit set for the essay.
• Be original: Avoid plagiarism and ensure that your essay is original and reflects your own thoughts and ideas.

By following these tips, you can increase your chances of writing a well-structured and well-argued essay that will impress the examiners and help you score well in the UPSC CAPF exam.

Essay Sample for CAPF Exam

Here is a sample essay on the topic “Role of technology in improving internal security”:

A nation’s internal security is critical for the well-being and peacefulness of its residents. Technology has played a crucial role in strengthening internal security in recent years by giving new tools and solutions for sustaining law and order.

Surveillance systems are one way that technology has enhanced interior security. Security organisations can more efficiently monitor people’s movements and follow suspicious behaviours with the use of CCTV cameras, drones, and other types of technology. This has resulted in the prevention of numerous crimes as well as the rapid resolution of security risks.

Biometrics is another way that technology has enhanced internal security. Biometric technology, such as face recognition and fingerprint scanning, can properly identify people and help prevent identity theft. This technology has proven to be very beneficial in regulating immigration and guaranteeing the security of sensitive places.

In addition, technology has played an important role in increasing inter-agency collaboration. Security agencies can instantly communicate information and respond to security concerns in real-time thanks to digital communication and data-sharing technologies. This improves the overall efficacy of the security system and speeds up the handling of security concerns.

Finally, technology has played an important role in strengthening internal security. With significant technological breakthroughs, it is projected that the use of technology for internal security reasons will continue to increase and give new solutions for preserving law and order.

Nonetheless, it is critical to guarantee that the use of technology for internal security objectives is done ethically and responsibly and that people’s privacy is maintained.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Essay Section of CAPF Exam

Here are some common mistakes to avoid in the essay section of the UPSC CAPF exam:

• Not reading the question carefully: Make sure you understand what is being asked of you before you start writing.
• Going off-topic: Stay focused and on-topic. Do not wander off into irrelevant details or information that does not support your argument.
• Failing to plan your essay: Taking the time to plan your essay can help you stay organized and focused. Avoid just diving into writing without a clear plan.
• Lack of coherence and structure: Make sure your essay is well-organized and easy to follow. Use clear headings and subheadings, and ensure that your ideas are logically connected.
• Poor language and grammar: Write in a clear and concise manner, using proper language and grammar. Avoid using slang or overly complex language.
• Ignoring the word limit: Make sure you stay within the word limit set for the essay. Writing too much or too little can negatively affect your score.
• Failing to proofread: Before submitting your essay, take the time to read through it carefully and make any necessary corrections.
• Lack of originality: Avoid plagiarism and ensure that your essay is original and reflects your own thoughts and ideas.

Aspirants must avoid these mistakes and ensure that they write a well-structured essay for the exam, and this can ensure their chance of scoring well in the exam. However, aspirants might wonder if it is possible to score full marks in the essay section. Let’s understand if it’s actually possible to score full marks.

Can you score full marks in the essay section of the UPSC CAPF Exam?

Scoring full marks in the essay section of the UPSC CAPF exam is challenging, as the essays are evaluated based on various criteria, such as the quality of aspirants’ writing, the relevance of the argument, the strength and relevance of the stated facts and figures, and your ability to analyze and synthesize information. However, with hard work, proper preparation, and attention to detail, it is possible to score high marks in the essay section.

• To get full points in the essay portion, you should: thoroughly read the question and grasp what is required of you.
• Plan your essay and make sure your thoughts are well-organized and easy to understand.
• Create a clear, short beginning that establishes the backdrop for your essay and expresses your point.
• Develop your thoughts by utilising appropriate examples and facts to back up your claim.
• Effectively close your essay by summarising your important arguments and restating your thesis in a clear and succinct manner.
• Avoid slang and unnecessarily complicated jargon by using proper language and grammar.
• Keep your essay within the word limit and modify and proofread it before submitting it.
• Make your essay unique by including your own views and opinions.

By following these tips, aspirants can increase their chances of writing a well-structured and well-argued essay that will create a good impression on the examiners and help them score well in the UPSC CAPF exam. Aspirants must also be aware that scoring full marks in the essay section is not guaranteed and is dependent on many factors, such as the difficulty of the question, question type and requirement, and competition level.

Therefore, stay updated and practice writing essays to gain that speed, accuracy and effectiveness while writing an essay for the CAPF exam.

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UPSC 2023 topper Aditya Srivastava's mock essay copy goes viral, netizens react

T he UPSC 2023 results were recently announced, with Lucknow's Aditya Srivastava emerging as the IAS topper. As aspirants gear up for UPSC prelims 2024, many are eager to learn from the strategies of Aditya and other toppers. Aditya's essay mock test copy has gone viral, sparking various reactions from netizens. Some are questioning the relevance of the essay in UPSC CSE.

The essay, which begins with a reference to Oppenheimer's idea of the Manhattan Project, discusses the balance between logic and emotion--"A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it."

However, it has not been confirmed if this essay was written by Aditya Srivastava. It was shared by a UPSC preparation handle on X.

Netizens are giving the viral essay a mixed response. Some like the reference, while some are unhappy with the curation: 

"Not at all impressed," a user commented.

"Salute to perfection," another user posted on X.

"Kids, the only thing matters is a good handwriting," another comment reads.

"It's a bizarre topic and equally bizarre response. Most unexpected.," another user posted on X.

UPSC CDS Question Paper 2024, Get Download PDF of All Set

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducted the CDS exam on April 21, 2024, in offline mode. Check Out CDS Question Paper 2024, Download PDF

Table of Contents

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) CDS exam occurred on 21 April 2024. The exam was conducted in offline mode. The Combined Defence Service Exam (CDS) is conducted twice yearly to fill various vacancies for competent officers in the Indian Air Force, Indian Military Academy, Indian Naval Academy, and Officer Training Academy. Download the CDS Exam 2024 paper from this article.

CDS Question Paper 2024

Union Public Services Commission (UPSC) will publish the CDS exam 2024 question papers on the official UPSC website. The CDS 2024 question papers will be available for download in the form of PDF files on upsc.gov.in. You can also get the CDS Question paper 2024 in this article.

UPSC CDS 1 Question Paper 2024 PDF

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducted the CDS exam on April 21, 2024, in offline mode. As per the official exam pattern released by UPSC for the CDS exam 2024, the written exam for IMA, INA, and AFA consists of three papers: General Knowledge, English Language, and Elementary Mathematics. Each paper is two hours long, for a total of six hours. Each of the three papers is worth 100 marks.

How to Download CDS 1 Question Paper?

Candidates aspiring for the CDS exam can easily download the question papers for the year 2024 from the UPSC website by following these simple steps:

• Visit the UPSC official website: Navigate to upsc.gov.in.
• Navigate to Question Papers: Look for the “Examinations” tab and click on the “Question Papers” link.
• Search for CDS 2024 Papers: Find and select the CDS question papers for the year 2024.
• Download the Papers: Click on the respective papers (General Knowledge, English Language, and Elementary Mathematics) to open them.
• Save for Future Reference: Download and save the PDF files of the question papers for your reference and preparation.

CDS 1 Exam 2024 Analysis 

The CDS Exam Analysis 2024 provides a comprehensive breakdown of the exam’s difficulty level, question distribution, and suggested good attempts for each section. Let’s delve deeper into each section:

English Paper Exam Analysis for CDS 1

• Timing : Held from 9 AM to 11 AM.
• Question Types : The English section covered various aspects including sentence arrangement, prepositions, ordering of sentences, fill in the blanks, synonyms, antonyms, idioms and phrases, spotting errors, among others.
• Difficulty Level : The English paper was reported to be moderate, though lengthy.
• Suggested Good Attempts : Aim for 70-75 good attempts.

General Knowledge (GS) Paper Exam Analysis for CDS

• Timing : Conducted in the afternoon from 12 PM to 2 PM.
• Question Types : Covered topics such as current affairs, history (modern and medieval), geography, polity, science (chemistry, physics, biology), economics, and defense.
• Difficulty Level : Ranged from moderate to difficult.
• Suggested Good Attempts : Around 73-78 good attempts are recommended.

Mathematics Paper Exam Analysis for CDS

• Timing : Held in the afternoon from 3 PM to 5 PM.
• Question Types : Covered various mathematical topics including the number system, geometry, mensuration, trigonometry, algebra, time speed and distance, mean-median-mode, simple interest/compound interest, time and work, clock, percentage, profit/loss, and mixture.
• Difficulty Level : Reported as difficult.
• Suggested Good Attempts : Target around 63-67 good attempts.

Overall, the CDS 1 Exam 2024 had a moderate to difficult difficulty level across all sections. Candidates are advised to aim for approximately 85 to 90 good attempts collectively across all three subjects to maximize their chances of scoring well. This analysis provides valuable insights for aspirants to gauge their performance and strategize accordingly.

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CDS Question Paper FAQs

What type of questions are asked in cds.

Objective type – Multiple choice questions (MCQs)

Is CDS easier than NDA?

If we compare both entries written examinations. CDS written is easier then NDA written examination.

Does GK questions repeat in CDS?

Yes, sometimes questions do get repeated in the CDS exam. However, the UPSC does not directly repeat the question word for word; instead, the basic part gets repeated. For example, you can SEE questions on Article 32 in different years framed differently.

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UPSC CAPF Syllabus 2024: PDF Download for Important Topics

Upsc capf ac syllabus 2024: the central armed police forces written exam syllabus includes topics from subjects like quantitative aptitude, logical reasoning, indian history, geography, polity, current affairs, etc. check out the detailed syllabus and updated exam pattern..

UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus 2024: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) releases the official syllabus and exam pattern for the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) examination. Candidates must check the latest syllabus to prepare only the topics that are important from the exam point of view. The UPSC CAPF syllabus contains topics from subjects like general ability and intelligence, general studies, essays and comprehension.

UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus 2024

Upsc capf ac syllabus 2024: overview, upsc capf ac syllabus pdf download, upsc capf syllabus: important topics, upsc capf exam pattern 2024.

• The UPSC CAPF written exam comprises two papers, i.e., Paper 1 and Paper 2.
• Paper 1 contains Objective questions. Questions asked in Paper 2 will be descriptive in nature.
• The medium of Paper 1 is English as well as Hindi. 
• In Paper 2, candidates will be allowed the option of writing the Essay Component in English or Hindi, but the medium of Precis Writing, Comprehension Components, and other communications/ language skills will be English only.
• There shall be a negative marking of 1/3rd mark for every incorrect answer in Paper 1, whereas there is no negative marking in Paper 2

How to Cover UPSC CAPF Syllabus 2024?

• Check the UPSC CAPF exam syllabus 2024 to cover the topics asked in the exam.
• Choose the expert-recommended books and study material to cover the fundamentals and core topics of all the subjects.
• Attempt endless questions from mock papers and UPSC CAPF previous year's question papers to review their performance and identify their strengths for better results.
• Revisit all the covered chapters frequently to remember concepts for a definite period of time.

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[Mission 2024] Current Affairs Quiz , 26 April 2024

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The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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1 . Question

Which of the following statements best describes a refugee?

• (a) A person who moves to another country for work opportunities.
• (b) Someone who chooses to leave their home country for personal reasons.
• (c) An individual forced to flee their home due to persecution, war, or violence.
• (d) A person seeking better educational opportunities in a foreign country.

Explanation:

• Context: The UK Parliament passed a bill allowing asylum seekers arriving irregularly to be deported to Rwanda, a move spearheaded by Chancellor Rishi Sunak to curb Channel crossings. Despite opposition, the bill cleared both houses and is set to become law. It will apply to anyone who arrives in the UK without prior permission, even if their aim is to claim asylum on legitimate grounds
• A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee their home country because of persecution, war, or violence. They are unable or unwilling to return due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion. Refugees do not leave their countries by choice but out of necessity for their safety and survival.
• India is not a party to the Refugee Convention, as it hasn’t ratified either the 1951 Convention or its 1967 Protocol, and India lacks a national refugee protection framework. Nonetheless, India extends asylum to numerous refugees from neighbouring states and adheres to UNHCR’s guidelines for other nationals, particularly from Afghanistan and Myanmar. For asylum-seekers from non-neighbouring countries, India conducts Refugee Status Determination (RSD) before granting asylum

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/uk-deportation-of-asylum-seekers-to-rwanda/

2 . Question

Which of the following statements about the Miyawaki Method is true?

• (a) It is a traditional farming technique used in Japan for centuries.
• (b) It is a method used for rapid forestation by planting a mixture of native plant species closely together.
• (c) It primarily focuses on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
• (d) It is designed to grow only one type of plant to ensure uniformity.
• Context: The Embassy of Israel in India has joined the ‘Million Miyawaki’ project, aimed at improving air quality in Indian cities through mass afforestation in urban spaces. In collaboration with the Million Miyawaki Foundation, the embassy will plant a million trees in Delhi-NCR, creating forest-like Miyawaki plantations with up to 30 locally sourced species (as part of Earth Day celebrations)
• It is inspired by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, and boosts greenery in compact spaces. It fosters multi-layered forests with quick growth, mimicking natural biodiversity. Though they lack some natural forest attributes like medicinal properties, they serve as effective carbon sinks and mitigate ecological damage from activities like mining.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/million-miyawaki-project/

3 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding ‘Earth Day’:

• It is an initiative of UNEP and UNESCO
• It is a movement in which the participants switch off the lights for one hour on a certain day every year.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (c) Both 1 and 2
• (d) Neither 1 nor 2
• Earth Day, originating in 1970 after widespread protests against environmental degradation is now observed globally on April 22nd . Coordinated by EARTHDAY.ORG , formerly Earth Day Network, its aim is to mobilize a massive environmental movement for transformative change.
• Notably, the Paris Agreement, a landmark climate accord, was signed on Earth Day in 2016. It underscores a collective responsibility, as outlined in the 1992 Rio Declaration, to achieve a balance between economic, social, and environmental needs for present and future generations.
• Other important environmental days include World Water Day on March 22nd, World Biodiversity Day on May 22nd, and World Environment Day on June 5th. Additionally, Earth Hour, an initiative by the World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF ), occurs annually on the last Saturday of March, urging individuals worldwide to switch off lights from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm to raise awareness about climate change and environmental conservation.

4 . Question

Consider the following statements about ASEAN Future Forum:

• It was first proposed by India at the 43rd ASEAN Summit in 2023.
• It aims to contribute to promoting and shaping ASEAN’s development path.

Explanation: About ASEAN Future Forum:

• It was proposed by Vietnam at the 43rd ASEAN Summit in 2023 .
• It is a common platform for ASEAN member states as well as partner countries to share new ideas and policy recommendations.
• It aims to contribute to promoting and shaping ASEAN’s development path .

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/asean-future-forum/

• Context: The ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute achieved a significant breakthrough in mariculture by successfully developing seed production technology for golden trevally, a high-value marine fish.
• Marine aquaculture is the cultivation or farming of marine organisms in saltwater environments such as oceans, seas, and estuaries. This practice involves raising a variety of organisms including fish, shellfish, and seaweeds for food, commercial, and conservation purposes.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/24/golden-trevally/

5 . Question

Consider the following statements about International Finance Corporation:

• The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group.
• The primary focus of the IFC is to promote private sector investment in developing countries.
• The IFC offers both equity and loan financing to private sector projects.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) All three
• S1: The IFC is indeed a member of the World Bank Group. It was established in 1956 as an affiliate of the World Bank to promote private sector development in developing countries.
• S2: The primary mission of the IFC is to promote private sector investment in developing countries. It achieves this by providing financing (equity, loans, and guarantees), advisory services, and technical assistance to businesses and governments.
• S3: The IFC offers a combination of equity and loan financing to support private sector projects in developing countries. This financial support helps businesses overcome investment barriers and promotes sustainable economic growth.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/compulsory-convertible-debentures/

6 . Question

With reference to Compulsory convertible debentures (CCDs), consider the following statements:

• CCDs are debt instruments that are automatically and mandatorily converted into equity after a specific time period.
• CCDs help companies repay debt without spending cash and benefit investors by offering fixed interest and later ownership of company shares.
• Compulsory convertible debentures (CCDs) are debt instruments that are automatically and mandatorily converted into equity after a specific time period or when certain events occur.
• CCDs are hybrid instruments that are debt when issued but are guaranteed to be converted into equity at a later date.

7 . Question

Consider the following statements about Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) method:

• AWD involves maintaining a continuous flooded condition in the rice field throughout the growing season.
• AWD can reduce water usage in rice cultivation by up to 90% compared to traditional continuous flooding.
• S1: AWD stands for Alternate Wetting and Drying, a water-saving technique used in rice cultivation. Instead of continuously flooding rice fields, AWD involves alternating periods of flooding and drying, allowing the soil to partially dry out between irrigation cycles . This method helps to reduce water usage in rice paddies while also decreasing methane emissions, as the intermittent drying reduces the anaerobic conditions that promote methane production.
• S2: AWD has been found to be effective in reducing water consumption in paddy cultivation. Studies have shown that AWD can reduce water consumption by up to 30% compared to the conventional continuous flooding (CF) method of irrigation. The AWD method has also been found to improve the yield of paddy crops in some regions.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/alternate-wetting-and-drying-awd-methods/

8 . Question

Consider the following statements about Aryabhata (satellite):

• It was India’s first satellite.
• It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
• It was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, India.

How many of the statements are correct?

• Only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
• Aryabhata was India’s first satellite, launched on April 19, 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site.
• The satellite was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and launched by the Soviet Union as part of the Soviet Interkosmos program.
• It was named after the 5th-century Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata.
• The satellite was instrumented to explore conditions in Earth’s ionosphere, measure neutrons and gamma rays from the Sun, and perform investigations in X-ray astronomy.
• It carried out three experiments, one each in X-ray astronomy, Solar Physics and Aeronomy.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/satellite-technology-day/

9 . Question

Consider the following statements:

• It is a gas at room temperature.
• It reacts violently with water to produce hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide.
• It is primarily found in its pure form in nature.

How many of the statements about Sodium are correct?

• Only statement 2 is correct.
• Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued the second edition of its global sodium benchmarks, providing updated reference values for sodium content to combat chronic conditions linked to high blood pressure and obesity.
• Sodium (Na) is a highly reactive alkali metal. When sodium comes into contact with water, it undergoes a vigorous exothermic reaction, releasing hydrogen gas (H2) and forming sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The reaction is so violent that it can cause the sodium to ignite or explode, which is why pure sodium must be handled with extreme caution. Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect as sodium is not a gas at room temperature and it is not primarily found in its pure form in nature due to its high reactivity.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/who-global-sodium-benchmarks/

10 . Question

With reference to the Schengen Area, consider the following statements:

• The Schengen Area includes all European Union (EU) member states.
• Citizens of Schengen Area countries require a visa to travel within the Schengen Zone.
• Border controls between Schengen Area countries have been completely abolished.
• Context: Indian nationals can now obtain long-term multi-entry Schengen visas with a validity of two years, provided they have lawfully used two visas within the previous three years.
• S1:Incorrect: The Schengen Area includes most, but not all, EU member states. Some EU member states, such as Ireland, have opted out of the Schengen Agreement.
• S2: Incorrect. Citizens of Schengen Area countries do not require a visa to travel within the Schengen Zone. However, non-EU citizens may need a Schengen visa to enter the area.
• S3: Correct. The Schengen Agreement has led to the abolition of border controls between participating countries, allowing for the free movement of people within the Schengen Zone.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/schengen-areas/

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UPSC Key | 26th April, 2024 — Model code of conduct, Child care, Intellectual property and more

Exclusive for subscribers from monday to friday: how are model code of conduct and intellectual property (ip) relevant to the upsc exam what significance do topics like child care and heat waves have for the preliminary and main exams you can learn more by reading the indian express upsc key for april 26, 2024..

Important topics and their relevance in UPSC CSE exam for April 26, 2024. If you missed the April 25, 2024 UPSC CSE exam key from the Indian Express, read it here. 

🚨  The Indian Express  UPSC Essentials brings to you the  April   edition of its monthly magazine.  Click Here  to read. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at manas.srivastava@ indianexpress.com 🚨

Sending notice to party, not candidate, marks shift in EC response

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national importance, Indian polity and Governance- Constitution, Political System. 

Mains Examination: GS-II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

What’s the ongoing story- The Election Commission’s first ever notices to political parties for alleged Model Code of Conduct (MCC) violations by their star campaigners marks a significant shift in the institution’s response to such complaints. In the past, the EC has sent general advisories to parties but whenever there is an MCC violation complaint against an individual, the notice goes to the individual rather than the party.

Prerequisites:  

— What is the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) ? What are the key provisions of the MCC?

— When does the Model Code of Conduct come into effect?

— What restrictions does the Model Code of Conduct impose?

— Read Article 324 of the Indian Constitution and learn about the Election Commission of India.

— Previous Model Code of Conduct ‘Violations’—Know in Brief

Key takeaways: 

— In the notices, EC has underlined that individual star campaigners are responsible for their own speeches and the EC may, on a “case-by-case basis,” hold political parties accountable for any MCC violations by their campaigners.

— The change in EC’s stance is more significant against the backdrop of high-profile political leaders who have been served notices directly by the Commission for MCC breaches in the past.

— However, it’s pertinent to note that no sitting Prime Minister, to date, has been issued a notice on a MCC violation complaint.

— According to an EC official, Thursday’s notices are a part of a “calibrated approach” that Chief Election Commissioner Rajiv Kumar had announced during his press conference on Lok Sabha elections on March 16, where tougher actions would be taken against campaigners who are “repeat offenders.”

— “The level of responsibility is not only being raised, but being legally linked to that of the political party to whom the star campaigner belongs. Even political party at the time of their registration with the Election Commission commit to stick to the ideals of the Constitution and we have reminded them about it,” the official told The Indian Express .

For Your Information:  

— The MCC of ECI is a set of guidelines issued to regulate political parties and candidates prior to elections. The rules range from issues related to speeches, polling day, polling booths, portfolios, the content of election manifestos, processions, and general conduct, so that free and fair elections are conducted.

— The MCC comes into force from the date the election schedule is announced until the date that results are out.

— The MCC contains eight provisions dealing with general conduct, meetings, processions, polling day, polling booths, observers, the party in power, and election manifestos.

Points to Ponder: 

— How Model Code of Conduct evolved over decades?

— Is the Model Code of Conduct legally binding?

— What are the issues associated with the MCC?

— What is the significance of MCC for ensuring free and fair elections?

Post Read Question:

Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct. (2022)

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

Decode Politics: Key to free and fair polls, how Model Code of Conduct evolved over decades

Explained: Model Code of Conduct comes into effect; here’s what that means

A collective responsibility

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national importance, Indian Polity- Constitution, Right Issues.

Mains Examination: GS II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice.

What’s the ongoing story- Participation of women in the workforce is a constitutional entitlement and denying mothers child care leave violates this, the Supreme Court said Monday. A bench of Chief Justice of India D Y Chandrachud and J B Pardiwala was hearing a plea by an assistant professor in the Government College, Nalagarh, who was denied childcare leave (CCL) to attend to her child suffering from a genetic condition.

— What are the articles of the Indian Constitution related to gender equality and women?

( Thought Process: Read articles 14, 15, 16, 21, 39, 39(A), 42, 51 A (e), Reservation of Seats for Women in Panchayats and Municipalities.)

— What is the status of women in India?

— What is the provision with regard to child care leave in India?

Key takeaways: Sudeshna Sengupta, Chirashree Ghosh writes-

— “Women government employees are eligible for two years of CCL for two children till they reach the age of 18 years.”

— “The judgment highlighted that Article 15 of the Constitution not only restricts discrimination based on gender but also enables the states to make special provisions for women.”

— “In a country where care is perceived as the responsibility of women, the verdict makes it clear that the state and the employer have responsibilities to enable women to join and retain their employment.”

— “In India, women have little choice but to single-handedly manage the triple burden of housework, care work and paid work….”

— “Working women often face “marriage penalties” and “motherhood penalties” as they are often temporarily forced to withdraw from the workforce due to marriage and pregnancy. It is no surprise that the female workforce participation in India is barely 37 per cent.”

— The Constitution enables the state to make special provisions for women and children. The sectoral labour laws that were repealed recently after the introduction of four Labour Codes mandated childcare services on worksites and paid maternity leaves for a section of workers at construction sites, beedi, cigar and other factories, plantations and migrants. These laws mandated crèches on worksites that had a stipulated number of women on the work site.”

— “The provision went through a transformation under the Labour Code on Social Protection, 2020, where crèches were made a gender-neutral entitlement. It is a significant step in the right direction. The gender-neutral provision underlined care as a “parental” responsibility…”

—  Care needs to be seen as a collective responsibility of the state, employers, and communities. Labour markets need to consider women as primary earners and enable them to take up full employment. There is evidence of high female labour force participation in countries where unpaid care work responsibilities are equally shared. 

— “As per PLFS 2022, 60 per cent women are self-employed and 53 per cent of the self-employed women work as unpaid family helpers. These are intertwined outcomes of lack of opportunities in the labour market and opting for flexible employment near or at home to balance both.”

— “A decrease in women’s unpaid care work is related to a 10-percentage point increase in women’s labour force participation rate. The IMF has predicted a possible alleviation of 27 per cent in India’s GDP through an equal participation of women in the labour force participation.”

— What is the National Crèches Scheme?

— What is the “Palna Scheme” of the Mission Shakti project?

— What are the government’s initiatives for promoting women’s empowerment?

— What are the issues related to women?

What are the continued challenges for Women in India against time and space? (2019)

SC: Denying women child care leave is violation of Constitution

UPSC Key | 23rd April, 2024 — Abortion law, semiconductor, child care leave and more

Health on a hot planet

Preliminary Examination: General issues on Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialisation.

Mains Examination: GS-III: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

What’s the ongoing story-  K Srinath Reddy writes- A study of 266 studies worldwide, published in 2022, revealed that heat waves were associated with a 11.7 per cent increase in mortality. The highest specific risk was for stroke and coronary heart disease.

— What are heatwave and heatstroke?

— What is pulmonary embolism?

— What are the extreme weather conditions?

— K Srinath Reddy writes- “the consequences of climate change, mostly mediated through global warming, adversely affect human, animal and plant health in several ways: Direct effects of heat exposure on the body; extreme weather events; water scarcity; vector-borne and water-borne infections…”

—  “The India Meteorological Department (IMD) says that such “moist heat” stress has increased by 30 per cent between 1980 and 2020.”

— “Heat acts through dehydration, inability of the skin to cool the body through perspiration, dilatation of blood vessels and thickening of blood with increased risk of clot formation (thrombosis).”

— “Infants and young children are more vulnerable than adults, since their bodies have higher fluid content than grownups. Among adults, vulnerability is high among the elderly, persons with disabilities and in those with serious comorbidities. Women are more vulnerable than men.”

— “Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) contribute to 65 per cent of deaths in India. The heat effects of climate change will only exacerbate the problem.”

— “As our population ages and cardiovascular risk factors rise in our population, every 1 degree centigrade rise in ambient temperature will compound the risk of serious cardiovascular events.”

— “Wildfires triggered by excessive heat release particular matter and toxic chemicals in the environment. It can cause an increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer .”

— “Less immediate, but with a long lasting impact on health, is the impact on food systems which threatens nutrition security. Countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa currently grow staples (like rice and wheat) at the highest levels of heat tolerance. A further increase of 1 degree centigrade will lower their yield by 10 per cent. The crops will also be more deficient in zinc, protein and iron.”

— “Rising ocean temperatures will flood coastal agriculture while reducing fish yields. Loss of biodiversity will reduce access to nutritious “wild foods”. Heat will kill us not only through its effect on our skin but also our stomachs.”

— “There is a need to prepare for adaptation plans. These will include heat action climate-smart and climate resilient food and healthcare systems, and education of public and healthcare providers…”

Express View

— According to the World Meteorological Organisation’s State of the Climate Asia report, Asia faced the most disasters in the world as 79 events associated with extreme weather, climate, and water-related hazards in 2023 affected over nine million people in the region, directly killing over 2,000 people.

— Heatwaves, floods and landslides took a heavy toll on life in India. The people living in coastal areas, mountainous regions, even the plains are all vulnerable to climate vagaries.

— The time has come to develop mechanisms of cooperation that will enable people — and cities and towns — to be resilient against climate change. Natural phenomenon rarely respects national boundaries. And, large parts of Asia, especially South Asia, have ecological continuities that make the case for joint work on building defences compelling.

— Is heatwave recognised as a natural disaster in India?

— What are the criteria for declaring a Heat Wave in India?

— Impact of heatwave on labour productivity

— Role of the international organizations to counter extreme weather events

— Impact of heatwaves on developed and developing countries

— What health initiatives need to be taken at national and international levels to combat the impact of heat waves?

Discuss the impact of heatwave on food security and human health. Also, provide the way forward.

( Thought Process: Mention the nexus of the heatwave, health, and food security–cite data from WMO and ILO–need for international collaboration in climate resilient agriculture to ensure food security–recognizing heatwave as ‘natural disaster’-adoptive measures from individual level to international level.)

New World Meteorological Organisation report released: 5 charts that tell the status of climate crisis in Asia

UN warns India of loss of productivity due to global warming

Rise of a ‘new’ Japan

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance

Mains Examination: GS-II:  International Relations, Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, 

What’s the ongoing story- Japan has given up its post-War pacifism and is working to become a major military power. The turn is historic, and promises to transform the geopolitics of Asia and the world. A politically resolute and militarily strong Japan contributes to India’s objective of building a multipolar Asia in a multipolar world.

— What is the concept of pacifism?

— What is the bilateral military alliance between Japan and the United States? 

— What do you understand by the concept of Indo-Pacific? What is the significance of the Indo-Pacific?

Key takeaways: C. Raja Mohan writes-

— “After World War II, a defeated and chastened Japan adopted a policy of pacifism — it avoided building significant armed capability, limited its defence expenditure, and refused to participate in military conflicts anywhere.”

— “Japan’s pacifism was compensated by its bilateral military alliance with the United States. Being a protectorate of the US in Asia, Japan was free to focus its energies on rebuilding its economy.”

— Today, Japan is set to become a major military power, transform its famed civilian industrial capability into a military industrial complex, and turn from being a US protectorate into an American partner and a significant contributor to Asian and Indo-Pacific security.

— This is the second Japanese transition over the last decade. “In the mid-2000s, Japan began to articulate ideas for a new security architecture in Asia. Take for instance the concept of the Indo-Pacific….”

— “In the second transition unfolding today, Japan is matching its strategic ideas with military resources and the political will to actively reshape the regional security order. Kishida’s visit to Washington DC was in effect the unveiling of a new geopolitical Japan.”

— Reasons behind the radical change in Japan’s reorientation in defence: “A mix of external and internal factors have contributed to its (Japan’s) reorientation in the 21st century. On the external front, four elements have come together: the rise of China and its military assertion, especially on the territorial disputes with Japan; the deepening military bonds between Beijing and Moscow and the coordination of their policies in North East Asia; the growing military capabilities of North Korea; and the fears triggered by the Trump Administration that the US could withdraw its security protection to Japan and other Asian allies…”

— “Internally, this situation strengthened conservatives in Tokyo, who wanted to see Japan becoming a ‘normal power’. They argued that Japan has done enough to prove its credentials as a responsible citizen of world affairs, and the time has come for it to take responsibility for its own security, and to contribute to the regional order.”

— What Japan is doing to become a geopolitical power? : First, Japan has done away with the historical cap on defence expenditure, Second, Japan has acquired, and is in the process of further acquiring, its own counter-strike capability in the form of cruise missiles, Third, late last year, Japan’s cabinet eased its self-imposed ban on exports of lethal weapons to friendly countries, Fourth, Japan and the US are in the process of revising the command-and-control framework governing their defence forces, with plans to eventually significantly integrate the command structure. 

— “a politically resolute and militarily strong Japan that can build a stable Asian equilibrium is a positive development from the Indian perspective. It contributes to India’s objective of building a multipolar Asia in a multipolar world.”

— Have there been changes in Japan’s diplomatic posture?

— How has India reacted to this change in Japanese policy?

— What are the implications of this ‘new’ Japan? 

— What is the Global Combat Air Programme? 

— What is the state of India-Japan relations? What are the challenges in the path of strengthening India-Japan ties?

“After decades of pacifism, a politically active and militarily more capable Japan will inevitably rearrange the regional security calculus.” Analyse. 

Why Japan-US summit holds promise for India

India, Japan discuss developments in areas of disarmament, non-proliferation

How American universities have long been hotbeds of protest

Mains Examination: GS-I, History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonisation, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

What’s the ongoing story- College campuses across the United States are on the boil as students and other agitators have been critical of the Israel-Hamas war and the humanitarian situation in Gaza. There is increased tension at several US campuses after days of pro-Palestinian protests that have triggered mass arrests and shut down classes.

— What is the issue of Israel and Palestine?

— What is Greensboro sit-in?

— American Civil Rights Movement

— The Black Lives Matter movement

— What is the anti-apartheid movement?

— It gives a brief history of student protests in America. It includes the protest during the US’s war in Vietnam, Greensboro sit-ins (against a backdrop of continued black frustration with Greensboro’s racist policies- culminated with the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964),  and mass student strike after the Ohio National Guard opened fire on May 4, 1970. The protestors were demonstrating against the further expansion of the United States’ campaign into Cambodia.

— According to historian Gerard De Groot, “Students are often at the cutting edge of social radicalism. They alone possess the sometimes volatile combination of youthful dynamism, naive utopianism, disrespect for authority, buoyant optimism and attraction to adventure, not to mention a surplus of spare time.”

— After the 1960s, the next major protests on US campuses were against South Africa’s apartheid regime. These protests spread from South African schools to the United States. The protests were crucial for administrators to withdraw billions of dollars of investments from companies tied to South Africa.

— In the mid-2010s, campuses saw heated protests during the Black Lives Matter movement.  It led the student government to cut off funding for the campus newspaper. In Columbia, these protests prompted the university to drop its investments in private prisons in 2015.

Express Network

—  On questions on protests at Columbia University and Universities in the US, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs’ official spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal said, “In every democracy, there has to be the right balance between freedom of expression, sense of responsibility and public safety and order.”

— “Democracies in particular should display this understanding in regard to other fellow democracies. After all, we are all judged by what we do at home and not what we say abroad,”

— The annual report of the US State Department, the 2023 Human Rights Report , highlighted “significant” abuses in the northeastern state of Manipur where an ethnic conflict broke out last year. It also mentioned the alleged attacks on minorities, journalists, and dissenting voices across the country. 

— The MEA responded with the statement that “this report is deeply biased and reflects a poor understanding of India. We attach no value to it and urge you to do the same.”

— History of the anti-apartheid movement, civil rights movement, and Black Life Matters

— Significance of civil society in strengthening democratic fabrics

— India and US relation on the question of human rights violation

Post Read Question: 

“In every democracy, there has to be the right balance between freedom of expression, sense of responsibility, and public safety and order.” Comment.

India, US regularly consult at highest levels on democracy, human rights issues: Official

50 yrs of portugal’s Carnation Revolution: How Europe’s longest dictatorship was overthrown

Mains Examination: GS-I, History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial Revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonisation, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

What’s the ongoing story- Thousands spilt on to the streets on Thursday (April 25) to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Portugal’s ‘Carnation Revolution’ that toppled the longest fascist dictatorship in Europe and ushered in democracy in the country.

— What do you understand by the term ‘colonisation’?

— What do you understand by ‘far right’ and ‘far left’?

— What is ‘decolonisation’?

— The almost bloodless revolution was conducted by a group of junior army officers who wanted democracy, and to put an end to long-running wars against independence movements in the African colonies of Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau.

—  The military coup by the “April’s Captains” group touched off rapid decolonisation, ending more than five centuries of the Portuguese empire in Africa.

— President of Portugal Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa has said that Portugal was responsible for crimes committed during transatlantic slavery and the colonial era, and suggested there was a need for reparations.

— Impact of colonialism on the erstwhile colonies

— How colonisation impacted the economy of India and Africa?

— Portugal empire in India

What is the long-term impact of decolonisation in the African continent?

(Thought process: Build on the colonisation– the transatlantic slave trade, scramble for Africa–the process of decolonisation–the impact of colonisation on Africa’s economy–civil war and unrest in recent times)

UPSC Key | 25th April, 2024-Carnation Revolution

Target is to achieve $1 trillion goods exports by 2030: Trade Ministry

Preliminary Examination: Economy 

Mains Examination: GS-III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilisation, of resources, growth, development, Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

What’s the ongoing story- The commerce Ministry has initiated an exercise to identify required infrastructure needs, potential sectors, and clusters which would help the country achieve the $1 trillion merchandise exports target by 2030 but sustainability will be a major concern going forward, senior government officials said on Thursday.

— What are India’s top export and import products?

— What is the corporate sustainability due diligence directive?  

— What is carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM)? How can it impact India? 

— International Institutions/Forums to look for: 

(i) European Union

(ii) Asian Development Bank (ADB)

(iii) World Trade Organization

— This comes a day after the European Parliament voted on Wednesday for a new law that will require larger companies operating in the bloc to check if their supply chains use forced labour or cause environmental damage and act to take action if they do. 

— Prior to CSDDD, the European Union enforced the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), another environment related law that penalises products with high carbon footprints coming into the 27-member bloc. 

— “In most major economies, sustainability issues will be a major concern. So how do we reduce our carbon footprint and how do we gear up our entire infrastructure to sustainably move goods and packaging is something that our business and trade needs to work on,” Santosh Sarangi, Director General, Directorate General of Foreign Trade, said at the CII conference on logistics.

— Sarangi said that the government is also focusing on ways to push India’s integration into the GVCs as at present about 70 per cent of the global trade is happening through these chains. He further said that an infrastructure push is required at ports and airports to increase India’s exports and to handle $2.5 trillion of exports and imports, India needs to create a lot of infrastructure,  

— What is India’s Foreign Trade Policy, 2023? What are its main components?

— What is the status of Indian exports sector?

— What are the factors that affect the India’s export sector? 

— What are the challenges associated with the export sector in India?

What are the initiatives taken by the government for the growth of merchandise exports?

Commerce Ministry working on infra requirement to achieve $1 trillion goods exports target by 2030, says official

Express View on new trade policy

IP issues: USTR places India on priority watch list

Mains Examination: GS-III, Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology, and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

What’s the ongoing story- India remains “one of the most challenging” major economies with respect to the protection and enforcement of intellectual property, Biden Administration said on Thursday as it placed the country on the Priority Watch List on its 2024 Special 301 Report.

— What is Intellectual Property (IP)?

— What is a trademark?

— What is the Special 301 Report?

— What is USTR?

—  What is the India- United States Trade Policy Forum (TPF)?

— India along with Argentina, Chile, China, Indonesia, Russia, and Venezuela have been placed on the 2024 Special 301 Report on the adequacy and effectiveness of US trading partners’ protection and enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights released by the US Trade Representative.

— While there has been progress under the US-India Trade Policy Forum in addressing certain issues with trademark infringement investigations and pre-grant opposition proceedings, numerous long-standing concerns remain, the USTR report said.

Do you know?

The World Intellectual Property Day is celebrated on April 26. The theme of this year is IP and the SDGs: Building our common future with innovation and creativity.

— Which International body looks after the protection of Intellectual Property?

— What are the different types of Intellectual Property Rights?

— What is the rank of India in the International Intellectual Property Index?

— What is the intellectual property-related agreement of the WTO?

— Issues related to Intellectual Property Rights in India

— Initiative of the Indian government to make a robust intellectual property right

Who releases the International Intellectual Property Index?

(a) World Intellectual Property Organisation

(b) US Chamber of Commerce

(c) World Trade Organisation

(d) World Economic Forum

What do you understand by ‘Intellectual Property Rights’? Why a country needs to have a good IPR regime?

India ranks 42 out of 55 in International Intellectual Property Index

UPSC Essentials: One word a day- Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

UPSC Ethics and Essay Snippet

“Wordly Wise” from The Editorial Page

“The Climate emergency is a race we are losing, but it is a race we can win.” -Antonio Guterres

( Thought Process: The WMO’s ‘State of the Climate Asia’ report presents an alarming state of climate change in Asia. This calls for an immediate international collaboration but the time has come to develop mechanisms of cooperation that will enable people — and cities and towns — to be resilient against climate change. Natural phenomenon rarely respects national boundaries. And, large parts of Asia, especially South Asia, have ecological continuities that make the case for joint work on building defences compelling. Elaborate.

Refer to the Editorial Page: Why a hotter world is more dangerous for India .)

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