essay writing development of india after independence

Development of India After Independence Essay for Students

Development of India After Independence Essay: Here in this article you will get essay on the development of india after independence in 500, 300, 250, 200, 150, and 100 words to enhance your writing skill. India’s development since independence has been a journey of remarkable growth and progress. Economic reforms, agricultural advancements, and social initiatives have contributed to India’s rise as a global power.

The liberalization of the economy, the Green Revolution, and initiatives promoting education and women’s empowerment have driven positive change. Challenges remain, but India’s commitment to inclusive development and ongoing efforts ensure a promising future. Hence let’s learn the development of India after independence essays in different words count.

Table of Contents

Development of India After Independence Essay in English

India, a country with a rich cultural heritage and a diverse population, was independent of British colonial rule on August 15, 1947. This significant event marked the beginning of a new era for India, opening doors to opportunities and challenges in various sectors. The development of India after independence has been a topic of immense interest and debate. This essay will explore the key aspects of India’s development, ranging from economic growth and social reforms to technological advancements and political milestones.

Economic Development: From Rags to Riches

Economic reforms and liberalization.

After gaining independence, India faced the daunting task of addressing widespread poverty, illiteracy, and underdevelopment. The government recognized the need for economic reforms and initiated several policies to promote industrialization and economic growth. One of the most significant milestones in India’s economic development was the liberalization of the economy in the 1990s.

Economic liberalization in India refers to the series of reforms aimed at opening up the Indian economy to foreign investment and reducing government regulations. These reforms resulted in increased foreign direct investment, improved infrastructure, and establishment of special economic zones.

Green Revolution: Transforming Agriculture

Agriculture has always been a crucial sector in India, employing a significant portion of the population. The Green Revolution, a series of agricultural initiatives implemented in the 1960s and 1970s, was pivotal in transforming India’s agricultural landscape. This movement focused on increasing crop productivity by using high-yielding varieties of seeds, advanced irrigation techniques, and modern farming practices.

The Green Revolution led to a significant increase in food production, making India self-sufficient in food grains. Adopting new technologies and agricultural practices improved yields, enhanced rural livelihoods, and reduced poverty.

Information Technology Boom: India as an IT Powerhouse

India’s emergence as a global IT powerhouse has been remarkable in its post-independence development journey. The country’s abundant pool of skilled technical professionals, coupled with favorable government policies, contributed to the growth of the information technology industry.

The Indian IT industry gained momentum in the 1990s when several multinational companies started outsourcing their IT services to Indian firms. This led to the establishment of numerous software development centers and created employment opportunities for millions of Indian professionals.

Today, India is renowned for its software services, IT consulting, and outsourcing business processes. The IT sector has played a vital role in India’s economic growth, contributing significantly to its GDP and export earnings.

Social Development: Empowering the Masses

Education for all: promoting literacy.

Education is one of the key focus areas of post-independence development in India. The government recognized the importance of education in empowering the masses and ensuring overall societal progress. Efforts were made to expand access to education, particularly primary education, to achieve the goal of universal literacy.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan , a flagship program launched in 2001, aims to provide free and compulsory education for all children aged 6-14. This initiative was crucial in improving literacy rates and reducing the gender gap in education.

Women’s Empowerment: Breaking Barriers

Women’s empowerment has been a key aspect of India’s development after independence. The government and various non-governmental organizations have implemented several initiatives to promote gender equality and empower women economically, socially, and politically.

Efforts such as the  Beti Bachao Beti Padhao  campaign, which translates to “Save the Daughter, Educate the Daughter,” focused on improving the status of girls in society and encouraging their education. Reservation policies have also been implemented to increase women’s representation in political bodies and public institutions.

Healthcare: A Focus on Public Health

Improving healthcare facilities and ensuring access to quality medical services have been significant priorities in India’s development after independence. The government has undertaken various initiatives to strengthen the healthcare infrastructure and provide affordable healthcare to all sections of society.

The  National Health Mission ,  launched in 2013 aimed to provide universal access to equitable, affordable, and quality healthcare services. This initiative has established primary health centers, vaccination campaigns, and awareness programs, resulting in improved health indicators and reduced mortality rates.

Political Milestones: Nurturing Democracy

The constitution: a testament to democracy.

India’s Constitution, adopted in January 26, 1950, is a remarkable achievement in the country’s post-independence journey. It is one of the world’s longest and most comprehensive constitutions, providing a robust framework for democratic governance.

The Constitution of India enshrines its citizens’ fundamental rights and freedoms, guarantees equality before the law, and establishes a representative and accountable government system. It has played a pivotal role in nurturing and safeguarding democracy.

Electoral Reforms: Strengthening Democracy

India’s democratic system relies on free and fair elections to ensure the representation of the people’s will. Several electoral reforms have been implemented to strengthen the democratic process and make it more inclusive and transparent.

Electronic voting machines (EVMs) in the 1990s revolutionized the electoral process, making it more efficient and reducing the scope for malpractices. The Election Commission of India, an independent constitutional authority, has been instrumental in conducting elections and ensuring their integrity.

Panchayati Raj: Grassroots Democracy

The Panchayati Raj system in India has been a significant milestone in decentralizing power and promoting grassroots democracy. It empowers local self-government institutions at the village, intermediate, and district levels, allowing them to decide on local governance matters.

Panchayati Raj institutions have been crucial in improving rural infrastructure, implementing welfare schemes, and enhancing citizen participation in decision-making processes. They have helped bridge the gap between the government and the people, ensuring effective and responsive governance at the grassroots level.

The development of India after independence has been a fascinating journey, marked by significant achievements and persistent challenges. India has made remarkable progress in various spheres, from economic reforms and social empowerment to political milestones and technological advancements.

However, there is still a long way to go in ensuring inclusive development, reducing inequalities, and addressing the aspirations of its vast population. The continued commitment of the government, civil society, and the people of India will be crucial in shaping the nation’s bright and prosperous future.

Development of India After Independence Essay in 500 Words

India, known for its rich cultural heritage and diversity, achieved independence from British colonial rule in August 15, 1947. This momentous occasion marked the beginning of a new era for India, bringing the promise of progress and development. In the following decades, India witnessed significant changes in various sectors, leading to its emergence as one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. This essay explores the development of India after independence, highlighting key areas of growth and the challenges that accompanied them.

One of the primary areas of focus for post-independence India was economic development. The country inherited a struggling economy characterized by widespread poverty and underdevelopment. To address these challenges, the Indian government introduced a series of economic reforms and policies to promote industrialization and attract foreign investment. One of the landmark reforms was the liberalization of the economy in the 1990s, which opened doors to globalization and trade. The move was pivotal in transforming India into a major player in the global economy.

Developing India’s agricultural sector was another crucial aspect of post-independence growth. The Green Revolution, a series of agricultural initiatives implemented in the 1960s and 1970s, revolutionized farming practices and significantly increased crop yields. The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds, modern irrigation techniques, and improved farming practices resulted in a boost in agricultural productivity. This not only made India self-sufficient in food production but also contributed to poverty reduction and improved rural livelihoods.

Furthermore, the development of India’s service sector, particularly the information technology (IT) industry, has been instrumental in its progress. India has emerged as a global IT powerhouse, offering various services, including software development, IT consulting, and business process outsourcing. The IT sector has become a major source of employment and foreign exchange earnings for the country, attracting multinational companies and driving innovation.

In addition to economic growth, India focused on social development after independence. Education has become a key priority, with efforts made to improve literacy rates and provide access to quality education for all. The government launched programs such as the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan to achieve universal primary education. These initiatives helped increase literacy rates and reduce the gender gap in education, empowering individuals and fostering human capital development.

Women’s empowerment was another critical aspect of social development in post-independence India. The government and various organizations worked together to promote gender equality and enhance the status of women in society. Initiatives such as the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao campaign aimed at improving girls’ welfare and education, while reservation policies ensured increased representation of women in political bodies and public institutions.

Healthcare has also received significant attention in the development process. The government implemented various programs and policies to improve healthcare infrastructure and provide accessible and affordable medical services to all citizens. The National Health Mission , launched in 2013, focuses on enhancing primary healthcare services, immunization, and maternal and child health. These efforts contributed to improved health indicators and a reduction in mortality rates.

While India has made significant strides in its development journey, challenges persist. Income inequality, regional disparities, and inadequate infrastructure in certain areas are among the issues that must be addressed. Moreover, sustainable development and environmental conservation have become key priorities in the face of rapid industrialization and urbanization.

In conclusion, the development of India after independence has been a remarkable journey of progress and transformation. The country’s economic growth, agricultural advancements, and social development initiatives have uplifted millions of lives. However, there is still work to be done to ensure inclusive and sustainable development for all. With continued efforts and the commitment of the government and its people, India has the potential to achieve even greater heights in the future.

Short Essay About Development of India After Independence in 250 / 300 Words

India’s development since independence has been a remarkable journey of growth and transformation. After gaining freedom from British colonial rule in 1947, the country embarked on a path of progress and development. In the economic sphere, India implemented various reforms and policies to promote industrialization and attract foreign investment. The liberalization of the economy in the 1990s played a crucial role in transforming India into one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.

The agricultural sector also witnessed significant advancements through the Green Revolution. Introducing high-yielding seeds, modern farming techniques, and improved irrigation systems led to a substantial increase in crop production. This ensured food security, improved rural livelihoods, and reduced poverty.

India’s service sector, particularly the IT industry, has emerged as a global powerhouse. The country has become a hub for software development, IT consulting, and business process outsourcing. The IT sector generated employment opportunities, contributed to foreign exchange earnings, and played a vital role in driving innovation and technological advancements.

In the social sphere, India focused on education and women’s empowerment. Efforts were made to improve literacy rates and provide quality education to all citizens. Programs like the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan aim to achieve universal primary education and reduce the gender gap in education. The government also implemented initiatives to promote gender equality and empower women economically, socially, and politically.

Healthcare receives significant attention by implementing policies and programs to improve healthcare infrastructure and provide accessible and affordable medical services. The National Health Mission focuses on primary healthcare services, immunization, and maternal and child health. These efforts led to improved health indicators and reduced mortality rates.

Despite these achievements, challenges remain. Income inequality, regional disparities, and environmental sustainability are among the issues that must be addressed. However, India’s commitment to inclusive and sustainable development, along with continued efforts and initiatives, promises a brighter future.

In conclusion, India’s development after independence has been marked by economic growth, agricultural advancements, social reforms, and improvements in healthcare and education. The country has made significant progress but still faces challenges that must be overcome. With its vast potential and the determination of its people, India is poised to continue its development journey and become a global powerhouse in the years to come.

Essay on Development of India After Independence in 150 / 200 Words

The development of India after independence has been a remarkable journey of growth and progress. With a focus on economic, social, and educational advancement, India has made significant strides in various sectors. Economic reforms and policies have attracted foreign investment and propelled India’s economic growth, making it one of the fastest-growing economies globally.

The agricultural sector underwent a transformative phase with the Green Revolution, leading to increased crop yields and improved food security. The service sector, particularly the IT industry, emerged as a global leader, contributing to employment generation and technological innovation.

India’s commitment to social development is evident through initiatives to improve education, empower women, and enhance healthcare services. Efforts to achieve universal primary education, reduce gender disparities, and provide accessible and affordable healthcare have yielded positive outcomes.

While challenges such as income inequality and regional disparities persist, India’s development journey is a testament to its resilience and determination. With continued efforts and a focus on inclusive and sustainable development, India is poised to achieve even greater heights.

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FAQs on India’s Development After Independence Essay

1. what were the major challenges faced by india after independence.

Answer: After independence, India faced numerous challenges, such as widespread poverty, illiteracy, social inequalities, and the need for economic development. Building a unified nation from a diverse population with different languages, cultures, and religions was also a significant challenge.

2. How has India’s economy transformed since independence?

Answer: India’s economy has witnessed significant transformation since independence. From being primarily rural, it has evolved into a diverse and dynamic economy with a strong industrial and services sector. Economic reforms, liberalization, and technological advancements have been crucial in this transformation.

3. What role did Mahatma Gandhi play in India’s development after independence?

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the nation, played a pivotal role in India’s development after independence. His philosophy of non-violence, emphasis on rural development, and advocacy for social justice and equality laid the foundation for various initiatives in independent India.

4. How has India’s social fabric changed since independence?

Answer: India’s social fabric has witnessed significant changes since independence. Promoting education, women’s empowerment, and healthcare have contributed to improved social indicators. However, challenges such as caste-based discrimination, gender inequality, and regional disparities persist and require continuous attention.

5. What are the key sectors driving India’s economic growth today?

Answer: India’s economic growth is driven by various sectors, including information technology, manufacturing, services, agriculture, and healthcare. The IT sector, in particular, has emerged as a major contributor to GDP and employment generation.

6. What are the prospects for India’s development?

Answer: India’s development journey is ongoing, with several opportunities and challenges on the horizon. The country has the potential to harness its demographic dividend, invest in sustainable development, and leverage technological advancements for inclusive growth. However, addressing issues such as income inequality, environmental sustainability, and social disparities will be crucial for a sustainable and equitable future.

I hope you enjoy the development of India after the independence essay. If you need an essay on any topic, feel free to ask in comments. Happy Learning and good luck!!

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Essay on “India after Independence” Complete Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

India after Independence

 Essay No. 01

There is no doubt that India has made tremendous progress after Independence.

At the time of Independence, most of the Indian people led a miserable life. They lived in huts, slums and shanties. They had no facilities and comforts of life. There was widespread illiteracy and child mortality was high. There was shortage of food grains and famines were common and many people died of starvation.

After independence, the whole scenario has changed. Still a vast majority of people lives in villages. But now the lot of villages has greatly changed. Most of the villages are electrified. They are connected to big cities with pucka roads. The farmers get bumper crops, thanks to the new agricultural and irrigational methods and the fair use of new seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.

There has been a revolution in the medical science. Child mortality has greatly been reduced and life-span has been greatly increased. Nov, there are cures even for those diseases which were previously thought to be incurable such as T.B, cholera, heart trouble, etc.

New education, new machines, skills and courses have made India prosperous and an economic power to be reckoned with in the international arena.

Democracy has taken firm roots in India and a number of elections, by and large free and fair, have been held here over the years.

Heavy industry such as steel, cement, etc. which is so vital for infrastructure has been started on a large-scale.

Means of information and communication and entertainment have been revolutionized and India has become a giant in the fields of information technology and telecommunications.

India has also become a nuclear and space power and envisions to become a developed country by 2020. India has shown her military power a number of times by inflicting crushing defeats on Pakistan in 1948, 1965, 1971 and 1999.

In spite of this, there have been certain setbacks and certain intractable problems. The burgeoning population has nullified much of the progress. Rich-poor disparity in incomes is abnormal. Still there are some acute problems such as poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, corruption, female foieticide , etc. Let us hope all these will be solved sooner rather than later.

( 370 Words )

 Essay No. 02

Fifty Years of Indian Independence

August 15, 1997 marked India completing its 50th Year of Independence. This is not a long time in the life of a nation, but it has been long enough to see the dramatic changes in all areas. In 1947, we threw out the British after a unique freedom struggle which gave the world the philosophy of non-violence. Over the years, there have been many things to be proud of, but perhaps as many things to feel let down.

When our independence was in its infancy, it had to face many hard and complex problems. The country was partitioned and millions of people were uprooted. Our Government had to rehabilitate them. At the same time, Pakistan unleased tribals to attack Kashmir, which had acceded to and become a part of India. Razakaars in Hyderabad rebelled against our Government. Other Maharajas tried to form independent States. But, thank God, all these difficulties were overcome with the help of our great leaders like Sardar Patel.

The first goal achieved by free India was to consolidate the various units of the country and to absorb six hundred and odd princely States. This unified the country and its people.

On January 26, 1950, India was declared a ‘Republic’ after adopting a new Constitution. It guaranteed to secure for all its citizens justice, liberty, equality and fraternity. It declared Hindi as the National Language and 18 others as recognised regional languages. It also declared India a secular state and there is no discrimination against any person on grounds of religion, race, caste or creed.

General elections, based on universal adult franchise, have been held thirteen times during the last five decades. As a result of the elections held in 1989, National Front Government came to power at the Centre and in many States. However, in 1991, Congress again captured the power at Centre by virtue of its being the largest single party. But in 1996, the United Front again came to power with the help of Congress. In 1999, BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) came to power at the Centre. The fact in this process lies in the peaceful transfer of power every time which indeed symbolises the true democratic character of polity.

During these years, we have successfully completed eight Five-Year Plans. These have imparted a measure of strength and stability to our economy. Per capita income has been increased from Rs. 466 in 1950-51 to Rs. 9,377 in 1996-97. Both agricultural and industrial productions have increased considerably. The production of food grains increased from 52.2 million tones in 1951-52 to 199.32 million tons in 1996-97.

Encouraged by the success of eight Plans, India has now launched the Ninth Five-Year Plan. The Plan, which covers the period 1997-2002, envisages a total outlay of Rs. 8,59,200 crore. The Plan aims at the growth rate of 6.5 per cent per annum for the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It assumes the Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR) of 4.3, saving rate of 26.1 per cent, Current Account Deficit of 2.1 per cent. This growth is to be achieved by 3.9 per cent growth in agriculture, 8.2 per cent in industry and 11.8 per cent in exports.

On Economic front, the Liberalised Economic Policy was introduced in 1991. At that time Indian economy was undergoing a serious crisis. Industry and agriculture were stagnant; the financial sector was in doldrums; a huge fiscal deficit was mounting with a massive foreign debt, eating into a major chunk of our resources. The masses had been facing a double-digit rate of inflation. The new policy aimed at the dismantling of controls over the economy with the state yielding to market economy. As a result of new liberalised policy, growth rate during the Eighth Plan was 6.8 per cent. Foreign exchange reserves increased to $ 29.435 billion in Sept. 1997 and rate of inflation fell to all-time lower of about 4 per cent in 1997.

On scientific front, India since Independence has continued to march ahead, pursuing a programme of using modern science and technology for national development. At present, we spend about 0.83 per cent of our GNP on S & T development. We have made laudable achievements in water management, healthcare system, and nuclear power capacity. The space programme has envisaged and achieved the objectives of space-based services in areas of communications, meteorology, resource survey and management and development of Satellite Launch Vehicles (SLV and PSLV) and associated ground system, the GRAM SAT and Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS Series) are testimony to the Indian excellence and endeavours.

However, the impact of scientific and technological endeavour is more obvious in some areas than others. Industrial advancement, noteworthy achievements in space applications, defence, advance materials and nuclear research do not quite mitigate the misery of a large sections of our population having to exist in unsanitary conditions, without safe drinking water, with little or no medical facilities to help them overcome health hazards. A large number of our villages are steeped in poverty, still unlit, lacking in schools and easy means of communication.

On the diplomatic front, India has obdurately maintained its commitment since Independence, to genuine disarmament, and has continued its work for attaining on a time-bound basis, a nuclear weapon-free world. India has never accepted discriminating regimes like NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty) and is always happy to participate in non-discriminatory and fair global treaties like the chemical weapons convention. India feels committed to non-alignment but recognises that certain ennui has developed about it in several of old faithful member-states, and apathy in certain others. India is now experiencing a difficult phase in its relations with the West as they strive to effect fundamental economic, social, and political changes within our own societies. In the broad areas relating to India’s foreign policy, defence and strategic concerns, there is little, if any, disagreement, or difference of perception between and amongst our political parties, regions or states.

However, during the last five decades our failures have been much more than our achievements. Our greatest failure is in the eradication of corruption, which is a bigger threat than even external aggression. It is a fact that India has been listed as the seventh most corrupt country in the world. Corruption has grown because the culprits, especially those in high offices, have discovered that the arm of the law is never long enough to rope them.

If there is one gaping hole in our roster of achievements, 50 years after Independence, it is the number of citizens who continue to be ground down by poverty. By Planning Commission’s own reckoning, nearly 30 per cent of Indians live below poverty line. Poverty not only affects its victims but also acts as a fetter on the overall development and progress of society. It limits the size of the domestic market and hampers economy’s growth prospects in much the same way as deficiencies in physical infrastructure do.

As far as education is concerned, in India about 105 million children in the 6-10 age-group do not go to school. Despite various pronouncements by all the governments and various programmes attempted for this purpose one cannot deny that the situation is grim. India has the dubious record of having half the illiterates of the world by the end of the 20th century. We have failed to implement what has already been laid down in the Constitution. What we need is to ensure our major social and economic changes. The causes of illiteracy are not going to leave us. If a substantial section of population is illiterate, it is because we have continued the colonial system more or less unchanged. Though, some additional inputs have been made and some marginal progress has taken place, yet it will not solve the problem. What we need today is a mass movement, a mass awareness against this malady to better the record apart from some Herculean efforts on the part of the Government.

Child Labour assumes the character of a social problem as it hinders, arrests or distorts the national growth process and prevents the child from attaining manhood. The estimates of working children in India vary from 50 million to a number much higher. The various reasons for the child labour in the country are cited such as poverty, wage structure, employment, illiteracy and so on. To abolish or eliminate this menace from our Indian society, integrated efforts are required. For this attitudinal change and sensitisation of employers, health and welfare personnel’s efforts to encourage small family norms are called for. Also, we will have to improve the economic condition of the adult workers.

An explosive situation is developing on the employment front in the wake of massive backlog in the creation of new jobs. Official figures concede that the country has entered the Ninth Five-Year Plan with a backlog of 7 million jobs that should have been created during the last five years.

Presently we have crossed the one hundred-crore mark of population, which is about three times that of USA and thus acquired the dubious distinction of being the second most populous country in the world. Compared to natural human resources of the country, India is definitely over-populated. Over-population is also due to increase of birth rate. Our annual growth is about 2.11 per cent. Closely related with population is poverty. So long an effective control is not exercised on the population increase, the nation will not get rid of poverty. According to UN projections, India’s population certainly neutralises much of the fruits of development.

At present, India has taken upon itself one of the biggest challenges of modern times, namely, economic independence through peaceful and non-violent methods. The aim set is to conquer hunger and unemployment by the process of bold liberalisation of economic policy. The success of democracy in India depends upon the successful working of new economic policy and removal of poverty.

( 1645 Words )

Essay No. 03

Indian Villages after Independence

India is a country of villages. Nearly five lakh villages exist in India. While only about 28 per cent of the population lives in the cities. 72 per cent of the population lives in the villages. The villages thus occupy a place of great importance in the country. They are the base of India’s development in every sphere of life.

 There were many problems in the villages before Independence. The Government was quite aware of the backwardness of the people in the villages. The people in the villages were poor, backward, ignorant and superstitious. Their methods of agricultural operations were primitive. There were no schools, hospitals, banks, etc., for the facilities of the villagers. There were no proper roads, electricity and tube wells. As a matter of fact their life was a hell. The conditions in the villages were so bad that there could not be any social and cultural development of the people. But now the Government is seized of this problem and had drawn many plans and projects to help them and improve the conditions of the rural community.

Since the dawn of Independence, the conditions in the Indian villages are changing very fast. These have changed the face of the Indian villages. There are several types of changes taking place in the whole of the country.

To improve the conditions of Indian villages, our Government has implemented the scheme of Community Development Programme, which was introduced in 1952. These programmes have manifold activities. The activities have made a tremendous change in the socio-economic set up of our villages. There are various changes brought about in our villages. These changes cover all aspects of the community life.

The greatest problem in our villages was that of illiteracy. Due to illiteracy the poor farmers were the victims of superstitions and were also exploited by the money-lenders. The Government has opened night schools for the adults and primary schools for boys and girls. Now every village has its own primary school. High schools and Inter colleges are established at every twenty kilometer of distance. The result is that they are now educated, illiteracy and ignorance are thus fast disappearing.

Another change brought about in the villages is in the field of agricultural methodology. Till recently, most of the farmers were using the old methods of ploughing in their fields, or sowing seed and harvesting. However, the farmers are now using new techniques. They plough their fields with tractors, and irrigate their fields with water from tube-wells. For harvesting also, they use new machines. Now they have switched over to mechanised farming with the help of electricity. Electricity has now illuminated their huts. With the abolition of zamindari, the person who ploughs the fields, is now the real owner of the land. Cooperative societies and banks are the substitute for the money-lenders. These societies and banks lend the money on lower rate of interest and the farmers are now free from the cruel clutches of the money-lenders.

A great change has taken place in the political and social life of the villagers also. Before Independence, they had no say in the affairs of the village. Now Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat and Panchayati Adalat are there. They are their own bodies manned by their own representatives. Due to the functioning of these bodies, the villagers have now begun to understand their rights and duties. They now take more interest in politics, the transformation being complete with even the ills of politics infesting the village elections. Another great change which occurred in village community is that the outlook towards social problems has become broad. They are now no more superstitious. Litigation has been reduced. There is less thought for untouchability and other social evils. They are now not particular about purdah system. Joint family system is crumbling down here also. Bonded labour has been freed and the recovery of loans given by money-lenders has been waived off. They are not slaves now, but free.

More and more facilities are being given to the villagers in the field of cottage industry. To promote the village industries loans are given to them liberally by the rural banks. The poor farmers can now start their own village industries or such cottage industries as basket-making, the mustard and rape-seed oil, soap and rope-making, poultry, fisheries, piggeries and many other industries to improve their economic conditions.

There are changes in others fields also. Roads are constructed by the villagers. Now every village is linked by roads to other parts of the country. Similarly, sanitary conditions have been improved. Hospitals and government dispensaries have been established to remove the illness and diseases which usually become a curse on community.

In brief, the fact is that the development of villages is in a transitional stage. The villages are changing very rapidly and the main structure of the rural society is in the process of change. The economic programme of the Government has proved a boon to them and thereby an attempt is being made by the Government to convert every village into a heaven provided the village community cooperates with it sincerely.

( 856 Words )

Essay No. 04

Political slogans often overrun reality. When Rajiv Gandhi coined the slogan “Mera Bharat Mahan” (My India is great), people appreciated the sentiment, but very few actually believed in it. Then came along the BJP with its new slogan “India shining” riding tall over the feeling of economic optimism which was backed by the plentiful rains in 2003 and the success of the Indian IT boom. Although the BJP failed miserably at the polls, the truth was and is that India continues to shine on. Sixty years after independence, India has emerged from the shadow of colonialism to position itself as the world’s biggest and rowdiest democracy matching its political freedoms with financial ones, unleashing a surge of growth and wealth creation that is altering the lives of its millions.

Twenty years ago the world equated India with snake charmers, elephants, half—naked fakirs, the rope trick, the holy cow, crowds and pollution. Now it is just as famous for its educated person power, its Bollywood movie stars, literary giants and its steel magnates among other things. Poverty remains, but there is renewed hope. There is a palpable feeling of excitement and promise everywhere. The new slogan is “Mera Bharat Jawan” (My India is young). It is incredible that despite India’s, ‘current’ third world status, she has guarded herself from dictators, military rule, civil war or foreign invasion and she continues to shine as the world’s largest democracy. It is no small achievement that India is now considered amongthe top ten industrial world powers, reflective of the country’s self-sufficiency. It is a matter of great pride that Indians have made it to the Forbes list of richest men in the world. The private health care infrastructure in India is comparable to any of the developed countries in the world. This has led to a boom in medical tourism with patients the world over arriving in India for medical treatments. Yet the challenges faced by young India in healthcare and medicine are many and enormous. Although, the infant mortality rate has been cut down by half the female infanticide rates still loom large. Although increasing numbers of children are receiving vaccination, many Indian infantsstill succumb to malnutrition. Infrastructure strains hard to keep up with the economic boom while corruption, discrimination, religious violence, child labour and female dowry deaths still prevail. Severe disparity is shown by its various states. While states like Kerala, boast of 100 % literacy and health indicators similar to those of developed countries, other states like Bihar and Madhya Pradesh show appalling statistics. One third of the married women and 45% of children under the age ten have nutrition deficiency problems. However, despite this, it remains that India’s massive shift in global perception is not a mere illusion.

India has achieved a lot in the sixty yearspost-independence however; a lot still needs to be done. Population was and remains one of our largest concerns. It also remains the number one reason why our infrastructure is compromised, why corruption is rampant and why our children die due to malnutrition. The emphasis has to be on education of the populace and sincere efforts need to be made towards providing better health care services in the public sector. Nevertheless, six decades after her independence, the world’s eyes are focused on India and it is only a matter of time before we evolve from a developing country into a developed country.

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Development of India After Independence Essay

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Development of India After Independence Essay: India’s journey after gaining independence in 1947 has been nothing short of remarkable. The nation has made significant strides in various sectors, propelling itself towards economic growth, technological advancement, and social development. India’s development journey after independence has been a saga of growth, progress, and change. The nation, once struggling with poverty and colonial legacy, embarked on a path of economic and social transformation. Over the decades, India has achieved remarkable milestones, including technological advancements, improved healthcare, and increased literacy rates. While challenges persist, India’s journey reflects its resilience, diversity, and determination to build a prosperous and inclusive future. In this article, we’ll provide sample essays of varying lengths to illustrate its progress.

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Whether you need a 100-word overview or a more detailed 500-word essay on the topic “Development of India After Independence”, we’ve got your back. Refer to the sample essays given below.

Development of India After Independence Essay 1: 100 Words

India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, and since then, there has been a noteworthy development in various sectors. The country witnessed massive advancements in science and technology, education, infrastructure, and healthcare. The establishment of prestigious institutes like the Indian Institutes of Technology and the Indian Space Research Organisation propelled India into becoming a global hub for technological innovation. Additionally, initiatives such as the Green Revolution brought about a paradigm shift in agriculture, leading to increased food production. Despite economic and social challenges, India’s progress after independence demonstrates the immense potential and resilience of its people.

Development of India After Independence Essay 2: 250 Words

The development of India after gaining independence in 1947 has been marked by significant achievements and transformative changes. At the time of independence, India faced numerous challenges, including widespread poverty, illiteracy, and inadequate infrastructure. However, the nation embarked on a journey of progress and development that has since witnessed remarkable milestones.

One of the key pillars of India’s development has been economic growth. The country implemented economic reforms in the 1990s, liberalizing various sectors and fostering entrepreneurship. This led to a surge in economic activity, attracting foreign investments, and propelling India into the ranks of the world’s fastest-growing economies.

India’s technological advancement has been another noteworthy achievement. The country’s IT industry has gained global recognition, and India has become a hub for software services and innovation. This technological prowess has not only boosted the economy but also enhanced India’s global standing.

Furthermore, India has made strides in improving healthcare and education. Initiatives like the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan have expanded healthcare access and increased literacy rates across the country. These efforts have had a positive impact on the overall quality of life for millions of Indians.

In conclusion, India’s development journey after independence is a testament to its resilience, diversity, and commitment to progress. While challenges remain, the nation has achieved significant growth in various sectors, positioning itself as a global economic and technological powerhouse.

Development of India After Independence Essay 3: 300 Words

India’s post-independence development has been a story of remarkable progress and transformation. After gaining independence in 1947, India faced numerous challenges, including poverty, illiteracy, and a fragile economy. However, the nation embarked on a journey of development that has witnessed significant milestones.

Economic growth has been a cornerstone of India’s progress. The nation adopted economic reforms in the 1990s, opening up its markets and attracting foreign investments. This led to robust economic expansion, making India one of the world’s fastest-growing economies. The IT and services sector, in particular, flourished, earning India a reputation as a global technology hub.

India’s technological advancements have also been a notable achievement. The country’s IT industry has grown exponentially, with Indian professionals contributing to innovation and software development on a global scale. This technological prowess has not only boosted the economy but has also strengthened India’s position in the global arena.

Improvements in healthcare and education have played a pivotal role in India’s development. Initiatives such as the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan have expanded access to healthcare and education in rural and remote areas. These efforts have resulted in increased literacy rates and improved healthcare outcomes, enhancing the quality of life for millions of Indians.

Additionally, India has made strides in infrastructure development, urbanization, and social inclusion. The nation has launched ambitious projects like “Make in India” and “Digital India,” aiming to boost manufacturing, innovation, and connectivity.

In conclusion, India’s journey of development after independence reflects its resilience, diversity, and commitment to progress. While challenges persist, the nation has made significant strides in various sectors, positioning itself as a global economic and technological powerhouse with a focus on inclusive growth and development.

Development of India After Independence Essay 4: 500 Words

India gained its independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, after a long and arduous struggle. With newfound freedom, the country faced numerous challenges, including poverty, illiteracy, and social inequality. However, over the years, India has made significant strides in its development and has emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. This essay will discuss the development of India after independence in various aspects such as the economy, education, healthcare, agriculture, infrastructure, and technology.

One of the greatest achievements of post-independence India has been its economic growth. The country adopted a mixed economy model, combining elements of socialism and capitalism, and implemented several reforms to promote industrialization and foreign investment. As a result, India’s GDP has increased significantly, and poverty rates have declined.

The establishment of the Green Revolution in the 1960s revolutionized agriculture, making India self-sufficient in food production. Moreover, the liberalization policies of the 1990s opened up the economy to the global market, attracting foreign investments and boosting exports. Today, India is one of the largest economies in the world and continues to experience rapid growth.

Education has also been a priority for post-independence India. The government has implemented various initiatives to increase literacy rates and improve the quality of education. The Right to Education Act, passed in 2009, made education a fundamental right for all children between the ages of six and fourteen.

The expansion of the education system has resulted in a significant increase in literacy rates, which have more than doubled since independence. Moreover, India has established numerous prestigious educational institutions such as the Indian Institutes of Technology and Indian Institutes of Management, which are globally recognized for their excellence in education.

Healthcare has also witnessed remarkable progress in post-independence India. The government has implemented several schemes and programs to improve access to healthcare services, particularly for marginalized communities. The introduction of the National Rural Health Mission in 2005 aimed to provide quality healthcare services in rural areas, which have historically lacked adequate medical facilities.

Additionally, the government has launched initiatives such as Ayushman Bharat, a national health protection scheme that provides health insurance to over 500 million people, further widening access to healthcare services. These efforts have resulted in improved healthcare outcomes, including a decline in infant mortality rates and an increase in life expectancy.

The development of agriculture has played a crucial role in India’s progress after independence. The Green Revolution, as mentioned earlier, helped the country achieve self-sufficiency in food production and ensure food security for its population.

The government has continued to implement various policies and schemes to support farmers, such as providing subsidies, promoting organic farming, and investing in irrigation facilities. These measures have led to increased agricultural productivity and income levels, contributing to rural development and poverty reduction.

Infrastructure development has been another focus of post-independence India. The government has invested heavily in the construction of roads, railways, airports, and ports, in both urban and rural areas. This has not only facilitated connectivity and transportation but has also attracted investments and boosted economic growth.

Additionally, initiatives like the Smart Cities Mission and the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana have aimed to improve the quality of life in urban areas by providing better housing, sanitation facilities, and utilities.

Lastly, the rapid advancements in technology have played a crucial role in India’s development after independence. The country has emerged as a global leader in the information technology and software services sector.

The establishment of technology parks and the promotion of entrepreneurship and innovation have fostered a thriving startup ecosystem. This has not only boosted economic growth but has also created employment opportunities for millions of Indians.

In conclusion, India has made significant strides in various aspects of development after gaining independence. The country has witnessed economic growth, increased access to education and healthcare, enhanced agricultural productivity, improved infrastructure, and advancements in technology. While challenges remain, such as poverty, inequality, and environmental issues, the progress made so far indicates a promising future for India’s continued development.

FAQs on Development of India After Independence Essay

How has india developed after gaining independence.

India has made significant progress in economic growth, technological advancement, healthcare, education, and infrastructure development since gaining independence in 1947.

What are the key milestones in India's development journey post-independence?

Key milestones include economic reforms, IT sector growth, improved healthcare and education, and infrastructure development.

How did economic reforms impact India's development after independence?

Economic reforms in the 1990s opened up India's markets, attracting foreign investments and propelling the nation into one of the world's fastest-growing economies.

What role did the IT industry play in India's development?

India's IT industry achieved global recognition, contributing to technological advancements and bolstering the nation's economy.

How has healthcare and education improved in India post-independence?

Initiatives like the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan have expanded access to healthcare and education, leading to increased literacy rates and improved healthcare outcomes.

What are some recent development initiatives in India?

Recent initiatives include Make in India and Digital India, which focus on boosting manufacturing, innovation, and connectivity.

What challenges does India still face in its development journey?

Challenges include poverty alleviation, infrastructure development, environmental sustainability, and addressing social inequalities.

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Development in India After Independence

Many think that India’s growth story since the 1947 was good. But several experts often opinion that the country’s development for the past six decades has been average. Despite the announcement of Five-Year Plans which focused on many sectors in order to speed up the pace of development, the result hasn’t been on expected lines. And, the country is taking its own time to climb up with the economic and social world.

Service Sector Growth

Telecom and software development had most of the growth in the nation’s services sector. A trend that started some twenty years back is now well in its prime. Several multinational companies continue to outsource their telecom and IT services to the country. In terms of employment, the services sector employs 24 % of the Indian workforce and this process of development started back in the 1980s. In the 1960s, the sector employed just 4.5% of the working population. According to the experts, the services sector accounted for 63% of Indian GDP (2008-09) and the numbers continues to grow.

Agriculture Sector Growth

Since Independence the growth in agriculture has been somewhat steady. The growth of the sector was about 1 percent per annum up to 1950’s. During the post-Independence era, the growth rate bumped about 2.6 percent per annum. Rapid expansion of farming lands and introduction of high-yielding varieties of crops were the major factors contributing to the growth in agricultural production. One of the significant effects of the growth was that it could well manage to end dependency on import of food grains. Despite the unpredictability of the monsoon, the sector has progressed both in terms of yield and structural changes. Other factors contributed to the growth include, good investment in research, land reforms, expansion of scope for lending facilities, and improvement in rural infrastructure. Besides, the country has also grown strong in the agri-biotech sector. A report from a leading financial institution had revealed that the agri-biotech sector has been growing at 30 percent since the last few years.

Infrastructure Development

Allocation of huge funds and availability of electricity had triggered large scale expansion of infrastructure. The Indian road network has become one of the largest in the world with the total road length increasing from 0.399 million km in 1951 to 4.24 million km in 2014 (July 2014). Moreover, the total length of the country’s national highways has increased from 24,000 km (1947-69) to 92,851 km (2014). Governmental efforts have led to the expansion of the network of State highways and major district roads, which in turn has directly contributed to industrial growth. After almost seven decades, India has bagged the third place in the list of largest producers of electricity in Asia. It has increased its electricity generation capacity from 1,362 MW in 1947 to 1,13,506 MW in 2004. When it comes to rural electrification, the Indian government has managed to bring lights to 5,93,732 (2013) villages as compared to 3061 in 1950.

Education sector

India has somewhat managed to bring its education system at par with the global standard in some cases. A number of initiatives have been implemented to eradicate illiteracy. The number of schools witnessed a dramatic increase after 1950’s. The government had declared elementary education, a fundamental right for children in the age group of 6-14 years by passing the 86th amendment to the Constitution in 2002. At independence, India’s literacy rate was a paltry 12.2 % which increased to 74.04% in 2011. The Government launched a big initiative under the Sarva Siksha Abhiyan programme in 2001 to ensure education for the children from 6 to 14 years.

Health care sector

Increase in life-expectancy is considered one of the major achievements in health care in India. For example, life expectancy was around 37 years in 1951, it almost doubled to 65 years by 2011. Besides, Infant Mortality (IM) has also declined with death rate coming down to half of what it was during the 1940-50s. Moreover, similar developments were noticed in maternal mortality rate also. After a long-drawn struggle, India has finally been declared a polio-free country. Malnutrition in children under five years came down to 44% in 2005-06 from 67% in 1980. The number of tuberculosis cases also got reduced to 185 per lakh people in 2009. Moreover, the cases of HIV-infected people are also witnessing a declining trend. Government had also increased public health spending which is about 6- 6.5 % of the GDP.

Scientific achievements

India has reached new heights in rocket science and space technologies. Ever since, the launch of its first satellite Aryabhatta in 1975. India has emerged as a growing power that has successfully launched several foreign satellites. Its first mission to Mars was launched in November 2013 which successfully reached the planet’s orbit on 24 September 2014. Besides, space technology, India is also aggressively pursuing both nuclear and missile programmes. BrahMos Missile (with the help of Russia) inducted into the defence system is the world's fastest cruise missile. After more than six decades of independence, India has reached the level of being self-dependent in the field of space and missile technology.

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India’s achievements after 75 years of Independence

India's achievements after 75 years of Independence: Article talks about the progress India has made in the last 75 years in the field of economic growth, scientific innovations and in other fields.

Table of Contents

India’s achievements after 75 Years of India’s Independence:  India’s achivement after August 15th, 1947, has become a prime illustration of a remarkable growth tale. The journey demonstrates India’s development in areas such as agricultural production, nuclear and space technology, world-class educational institutions, Ayurveda, biotechnology, giant steel plants, and becoming a leader in information technology, as well as having the third-largest start-up ecosystem in the world.

India’s achievements after 75 years of Independence: Historic Events, Significant Achievements & Milestones

As India marks its 75th year of independence, let’s examine the historical occurrences, notable accomplishments, and noteworthy milestones that occurred during this time:

15 th  August 1947: India’s Independence Day

India became independent from British rule on August 15, 1947. On August 14, 1947, just before the clock struck twelve, our first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, gave the renowned “Tryst with Destiny” speech to the Indian Constituent Assembly in the Parliament. On August 15 in Delhi’s Red Fort, Pandit Nehru raised the Indian National Flag over the Lahori Gate.

26 th  January 1950: India became a Republic Country

The Indian Constituent Assembly ratified the Constitution on November 26, 1949. Later, on January 26, 1950, the Indian Constitution went into effect. The Dominion of India became the Republic of India when the Constitution of India took the place of the Government of India Act 1935 as the primary law governing the nation. The Indian Constitution is the country’s highest law. Every year, India celebrates its Republic Day on January 26.

1951: India’s First Five-year Plan was launched

In 1951, Jawaharlal Nehru, our first prime minister, gave the First Five-Year Plan to the Indian Parliament. The Harrod-Domar model, with a few modifications, served as the foundation for the First Five-Year Plan, which concentrated primarily on the growth of the primary sector. Agricultural growth served as the first five-year plan’s guiding principle. The major goal was to find solutions to the various issues that the nation’s division had created. The objective of this strategy was to rebuild the nation once it gained independence.

1952: India witnessed the first Lok Sabha Election

India held general elections from October 25, 1951, to February 21, 1952. These were the first Lok Sabha elections held following the country’s independence in August 1947. On May 13, 1952, this Lok Sabha’s first session officially opened. There were 489 seats in the Lok Sabha overall, and 17.3 crore people were eligible to vote. 364 seats were won by the Indian National Congress (INC). The first Lok Sabha was dissolved on April 4, 1957, after serving its entire five-year term. Jawaharlal Nehru became India’s first prime minister to be chosen democratically.

1953: Air India was nationalized

Nine airlines—Air India, Air Services of India, Airways (India), Bharat Airways, Deccan Airways, Himalayan Aviation, Indian National Airways, Kalinga Airlines, and Air India International—were nationalised by Nehru under the Air Corporations Act of 1953 and placed under the control of two PSEs, Indian Airlines and Air India International.

1954: India and China signed the Panchsheel

In the Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India signed on April 29, 1954, the two governments first formally stated the Panchsheel, or Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, stating in its preamble that they “have resolved to enter into the present Agreement based on the following principles: –

• Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty,
• Mutual non-aggression,
• Mutual non-interference,
• Equality and mutual benefit, and
• Peaceful co-existence.”

1955: State Bank of India (SBI) was founded

The State Bank of India was established on July 1st, 1955. In 1955, the Indian government nationalised the Imperial Bank of India, changing the bank’s name to State Bank of India and giving the Reserve Bank of India a 60% ownership interest.

1957: The decimalization of the rupee

On April 1, 1957, ten years after gaining independence from the British, Indian coins became decimal. In September 1955, the Indian Coinage Act was revised to include the decimal system.  A circular from the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India stated, “Government accounting with effect from April 1, 1957 is to be maintained in terms of rupees and naye paise instead of rupees, annas, and pies,” in April 1956, after the modified Act became law. Therefore, all challans supporting funds submitted for payment of government dues must be represented in the new coinage. All withdrawal bills must be specified in terms of rupees and naye paise as well.

1960: Green Revolution Began

Norman Borlaug started the Green Revolution movement in the 1960s. He is referred to as the “Father of the Green Revolution” globally. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 as a result of his work creating high-yielding wheat varieties (HYVs).

1961: Liberation of Goa

The Republic of India’s process of annexing Estado da India, the former Portuguese Indian territory of Goa, Daman, and Diu, known as the Annexation of Goa, began with an armed intervention by the Indian Armed Forces in December 1961. This event is known as the “Liberation of Goa” in India.

1962: India-China War

In October and November of 1962, China and India fought a war known as the Sino-Indian War. The conflict was mostly sparked by a contested Himalayan border. On November 20, 1962, China announced a cease-fire and its withdrawal to its alleged “Line of Actual Control,” which marked the end of the war”.

1963: India’s first-ever rocket launch

The launch of the first sounding rocket from Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 21 November 1963, marked the beginning of the Indian Space Programme. Sounding rockets made it possible to probe the atmosphere in situ using rocket-borne instrumentation. This was the first milestone in modern India’s space odyssey. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai and his then accomplice Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam were the brainchild of this achievement.

1965: Indo-Pakistani War

The Second Kashmir War, also known as the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, was the result of clashes between Pakistan and India between April 1965 and September 1965. Operation Gibraltar, a Pakistani operation intended to infiltrate troops into Jammu and Kashmir and spark an uprising against Indian sovereignty, was the direct cause of the conflict and brought it to a head. Indian troops crossed the line of the cease-fire on 15 August. The United Nations Security Council unanimously approved a resolution on September 20 calling for a 48-hour unconditional ceasefire between the two countries. Pakistan accepted the demand on September 23 while India did so right away.

1966: Indira Gandi Became First Female PM of India

Following Shastri’s unexpected passing in January 1966, Indira Gandhi was appointed Congress Party leader and subsequently became prime minister as part of a deal between the party’s right and left wings. However, the right wing of the party, led by the former minister of finance Morarji Desai, consistently opposed her leadership.

1969: Formation of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

In order to advance planetary exploration and space science research while advancing national development, ISRO was established in 1969. The Indian space program’s founding fathers, scientist Vikram Sarabhai and India’s first prime minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, who founded INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research) in 1962, are credited with creating ISRO, which succeeded INCOSPAR.

1970: White Revolution Began

Operation Flood, the largest dairy development programme ever initiated on January 13th, 1970, was an important undertaking for India’s National Dairy Development Board.

1971: India-Pakistan War

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan that took place in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 till Dacca (Dhaka) fell on 16 December 1971 as part of the Bangladesh Liberation War.

1975: The Emergency was imposed

India’s “Emergency” was a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 during which Prime Minister Indira Gandhi imposed a national state of emergency. The Emergency was formally declared by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the Constitution as a result of the ongoing “internal disturbance” and lasted from June 25, 1975, to March 21, 1977, when it was lifted. The majority of Indira Gandhi’s political rivals were put behind bars, elections were annulled, civil freedoms were suspended, and the press was restricted. During that time, many human rights were broken. One of the most contentious eras in independent India’s history is the Emergency.

1982: Colour television began its journey in India

When it began airing national programming in 1982, DD officially became a national broadcaster. Colour TVs were released in Indian markets the same year. The first colour television broadcast was the Independence Day parade on August 15, 1982, which was followed by the Asian Games in Delhi.

1983: India won the cricket World Cup for the first time

The Indian Cricket Team made history on June 25, 1983, when it defeated the two-time defending champion West Indies to win the World Cup. The turning point in cricket history is widely regarded as being India’s victory in 1983. The 1983 World Cup was held in England’s Lord’s Stadium. India reached the World Cup Final for the first time, and the West Indies were competing in their third straight World Cup final.

1987: Goa became one of the States of India

Goa became a state on May 30, 1987, and was divided into North Goa and South Goa as a result (Daman and Diu got their own union territory). The first Chief Minister of Goa, Daman, and Diu is Dayanand Bandodkar. On May 30, 1987, Goa became the 25th state of India.

1988: The SEBI was established

The Government established the Securities and Exchange Board of India on April 12, 1988, as a non-statutory body to handle all issues pertaining to the growth and regulation of the securities market, investor protection, and to provide guidance to the Government on all of these issues.

1989: Agni Missile was successfully launched

Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation were the three pillars of the new economic strategy of 1991. A severe balance of payments crisis that occurred in the same year served as the immediate catalyst for India’s economic reforms in 1991. India’s balance of payments issue first showed signals in late 1990 when its foreign exchange reserves started to decline.

1995: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited was founded

On May 3, 1995, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) was established in partnership by the governments of Delhi and India under the leadership of Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda[19].

1998: India conducted Pokhran-II tests

Twenty-four years after Pokhran-I, on May 11 and 13, 1998, the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) carried out five more nuclear tests at the Pokhran range, called “Pokhran-II.” Dr. R. Chidambaram, the Director of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), and Dr. Abdul Kalam, the Chief Scientific Advisor and Director of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), served as the principal coordinators for this test planning.

1999: Kargil War

The Kargil War, commonly referred to as the Kargil conflict, was an armed battle that took place between India and Pakistan in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir as well as other locations along the Line of Control from May to July 1999. By proclaiming victory over Pakistan in the Kargil war on July 26, 1999, India celebrated the successful conclusion of “Operation Vijay” and put an end to the three-month conflict along the Line of Control. Since then, the day has been recognised as “Kargil Vijay Diwas.”.

2000: Jharkhand became India’s 26th state

On November 15, 2000, Jharkhand was separated from Bihar’s 18 districts to form its own state. Later, six additional districts were created by rearranging the existing ones.

2007: First Woman President of India

Pratibha Patil, an Indian politician and attorney, presided over India as its first female president from 2007 until 2012.

2008: Chandrayaan-1 launched

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched Chandrayaan-1 on October 22, 2008, the nation’s first lunar probe under the Chandrayaan programme. India’s space programme received a big boost from the expedition as our nation created its own technologies to study the Moon.

2010: Education became a fundamental right of children

On August 4, 2009, the Indian Parliament passed the Right to Education Act (RTE), also known as the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act. In accordance with Article 21A of the Indian Constitution, it outlines the specifics of the significance of free and mandatory education for children in India between the ages of 6 and 14. India became one of the nations in the world to declare education to be a fundamental right when the Act went into effect on April 1, 2010.

2015: NITI Aayog was formed

The NITI Aayog, the country’s top public policy think tank and the nodal organisation charged with fostering cooperative federalism and accelerating economic development by involving state governments in the formulation of economic policy, was established on January 1, 2015.

2017: GST was launched by the Indian government

The GST, or Goods and Services Tax, was introduced by the Indian government and President of India at midnight on July 1, 2017. It was commemorated by a historic midnight session of both Houses of Parliament (June 30-July 1), which met in the Central Hall and was attended by prominent figures from the business and entertainment industries.

2020: COVID-19 Pandemic and India’s lockdown

India experienced the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, and as a result of the ensuing lockdown, residents were confined to their houses. The story of lockdown started on the evening of March 24, 2020, when the Indian government imposed a 21-day statewide lockdown, restricting the movement of the whole populace in an effort to stop the pandemic from spreading. It came following a 14-hour voluntary public curfew on March 22 and the implementation of a number of rules in the areas of the nation affected by COVID-19.

2022: India gets its first tribal President

On July 25, 2022, Draupadi Murmu took the oath of office as India’s fifteenth president. She ran against Yashwant Sinha, the candidate for the top constitutional position put up by the unified opposition. Tribal leader Draupadi Murmu hails from Rairangpur in the Odisha district of Mayurbhanj.

Important Facts on India’s Achievement after Independence

Below is a brief list of some of India’s notable post-independence accomplishments:

• The Indian Railways were founded in the year 1951.
• With over 7000 stations, India’s rail system is the largest and busiest in the world.
• India had its first general election in 1951.
• The Apsara nuclear reactor, which was created in 1956, was Asia’s first nuclear reactor.
• On the moon, Chandrayaan 1 was established in 2008.
• Sir M Visvesvaraya, the pioneer of Indian economic planning, contributed to the development of the most effective form of the Indian economy.

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India's achievements after 75 years of Independence FAQs

What did india achieved after 75 years of independence.

In 1974, India conducted “Smiling Buddha”, its first nuclear test, making its place on the list of five nuclear-powered nations. This is one of the biggest achievements of India since 1947. Today, India has the 2nd largest military force and largest voluntary army in the world.

What we achieved in 75 years?

In the last seven-and-a-half decades, India achieved remarkable development in agriculture, heavy industry, irrigation, energy production, nuclear power capability, space technology, biotechnology, telecommunication, oceanography and science education and research.

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Development in India After Independence

India, which has now turned into a significant nation internationally has grown a ton since it got its freedom from the British East India Company rule. Yet, very much like all the other things, various individuals have various sentiments about it. While some think that it has seen huge development, others are of the view that the development is delayed when contrasted with what it ought to be. Regardless of these differentiating sees, the way that remains is that the India we see today is unique in relation to what it was during autonomy.

It has created regarding the foundation, schooling, medical care, science and innovation, and in practically any remaining areas. Yet, it is viewed as a non-industrial country. This infers that the nation is requiring some investment to find the created world. Allow us now to take a gander at the improvements that India has made in various areas in the beyond seventy years.

Indian Development After Independence

Table of Content

India after independence- achievements, significant developments in india after independence, two phases of economy, administration sector growth, development of the agriculture sector, foundation development, the first independence day of india, logical achievements.

After independence, Indian citizens have the right to vote for choosing the government into power. Important leaders who helped to secure independence was Mahatma Gandhi, who began the fight for independence since 1914. Mangal Pandey was the first freedom fighter from India who fought against British in 1857.

Some important developments in India after independence have been as follows:

• Indian Railways operate with about 7000 stations and was formed in 1951.
• First general elections in India was held in 1951 with Congress winning over majority.
• India developed Asia’s first nuclear reactor. Apsara nuclear reactor was developed in 1956.
• Chandrayan 1 came to be launched in 2008 to the moon.

A free India was granted a broke economy, broad ignorance, and stunning destitution. Contemporary financial specialists partition the historical backdrop of India’s monetary development into two stages – the initial 45 years after autonomy and very nearly thirty years of the unrestricted economy. The years going before the financial progression were predominantly set apart by cases wherein monetary improvement got deteriorated because of an absence of significant strategies.

The financial changes acted as the hero with the start of a strategy of progression and privatization. An adaptable modern permitting strategy and a casual FDI strategy began getting positive reactions from worldwide financial backers. Among the main considerations that drove India’s economic development following the financial changes of 1991 were expanded FDI, reception of data innovation, and expanded homegrown utilization.

A significant improvement in the country’s administration area has been noticeable in the telecom and data innovation areas. A pattern that began exactly twenty years back is currently well thriving. A few worldwide firms keep on re-appropriating their tele administrations and IT administrations to India, bringing about the development of ITES, BPO, and KPO organizations. The securing of mastery in data innovation has prompted the age of thousands of new positions, which thus expanded homegrown utilization, and normally, more unfamiliar direct speculations ended up satisfying the needs.

As of now, the administration area utilizes over 30% of the Indian labor force and this course of improvement began, thinking back in the 1980s. During the 60s, the area utilized just 4.5% of the functioning populace. As per the Economic Survey 2021-22, the administration area represented over half of the Indian GDP, and the figures are supposed to fill from now on.

Since the 1950s, the advancement in agribusiness has been fairly consistent. The area developed at around 1% per annum in the main portion of the twentieth hundred years. During the post-Independence time, the development rate bumped around 2.6 percent per annum. The central point of development in agrarian creation was the extension of cultivating regions and the presentation of high-yielding assortments of harvests. The area could figure out how to end its reliance on imported food grains. It has advanced both concerning yield and underlying changes.

Reliable interest in research, land changes, development of degrees for credit offices, and improvement in the provincial foundation were some other deciding variables that achieved an agrarian upset in the country. The nation has likewise developed further in the agri-biotech area. The Rabobank report uncovers that the agri-biotech area has been developing at 30% in a couple of years. The nation is likewise liable to turn into a significant maker of hereditarily changed/designed crops.

The Indian street network has become one of the biggest on the planet with the all-out street length expanding from 0.399 million km in 1951 to 4.70 million km starting around 2015. Also, the complete length of the country’s public thruways has expanded from 24,000 km (1947-69) to 1,37,625 km (2021). Legislative endeavors have prompted the extension of the organization of State parkways and significant local streets, which thus has straightforwardly added to modern development.

As India needs the ability to drive its development motor, it has set off a critical improvement in the accessibility of energy by embracing a multi-pronged methodology. After just about seventy years of Independence, India has arisen as the third biggest maker of power in Asia. It has expanded its power age limit from 1,362 MW in 1947 to 3,95,600 MW starting around 2022. By and large, the power age in India has expanded from 301 billion units (BUs) during 1992-93 to 400990.23 MW in 2022. With regards to provincial jolt, the Indian government has figured out how to carry lights to each of the 18,452 towns by April 28, 2018, when contrasted with 3061 every 1950.

Progress in Education Sector

Hauling itself out from far and wide ignorance, India has figured out how to carry its school system at standard with the worldwide norm. The number of schools saw a sensational increment during the post-freedom period. The Parliament made rudimentary training a major ideal for youngsters in the age gathering of 6-14 years by passing the 86th amendment to the Constitution in 2002. At freedom, India’s education rate was a miserable 12.2 % which expanded to 74.04% according to the 2011 evaluation.

Accomplishments in the Field of Healthcare

A reduction in death rates is viewed as one of the significant accomplishments that came in India’s direction in this area. While the future was close to 37 years in 1951, it nearly multiplied to 65 years by 2011. In 2022, it was expanded to 70.19 years. Comparative improvement was seen in the maternal death rate too. India’s maternal death rate likewise declined from 212 passings for every 100,000 live births in 2007 to 103 passings in 2017-19, according to a report by The Hindu.

First Independence Day in India took place in 1947. Jawahar Lal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, unfurled the tri-colour flag of India. Prime Minister of India hoists the tri-colour flag in Red Fort and first Independence Day of India is dedicated to brave men and women who laid their lives to free their motherland.

Autonomous India has taken certain steps on its street to logical turn of events. Its ability is being appeared in a steady increase of aggressive ventures. India invests wholeheartedly in its space programs, which started with the send-off of its most memorable satellite Aryabhatta in 1975. From that point forward, India has arisen as a space power that has effectively sent off unfamiliar satellites. Through Chandrayaan-1, India turned into the fourth country on the planet to establish its banner on the lunar surface in 2008. Its most memorable mission to Mars was sent off in November 2013 which effectively arrived at the planet’s circle on 24 September 2014. In June 2015, ISRO sent off 104 satellites (most noteworthy on the planet) from a solitary rocket through PSLV-C37.

India is additionally forcefully seeking both atomic and rocket programs. That has all the while expanded the country’s safeguard strength also. BrahMos drafted into the safeguarding framework is the world’s quickest voyage rocket that has been together evolved by India and Russia. After over sixty years of autonomy, India has now drawn nearer to being a free power to deal with in the field of atomic and rocket innovation.

A significant contribution to the economy and technological advancements and Indians are known for their hard work, dedication, and resilience in their contribution to the country. Indians have excelled in different fields since independence. In different fields like technology, sports, and others Indians have excelled.

Related Links

• Indian Economy on eve of Independence
• Indian Independence Act 1947
• Indian Freedom Movement

Frequently Asked Questions

How india has developed in 75 years.

Infrastructural development drastically improved in 75 years. There was advancement in the road network, rail lines, airports, and many other important types of developments in various other sectors, contributing to the economy of India.

What are the major developments in India?

The major developments in India are as follows: Historic Tax Reform Digitization Drive Institutional Reforms

How has India developed in the last 10 years?

India’s GDP Growth rate has increased in the last 10 years by an average growth rate of 6-7 percent.

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Essay on India after Independence: How-to Guide and Prompts

India gained its independence on August 15, 1947. Before that, it was a British colony. Since 1947, India has changed a lot, and this is what you will have to discuss in your essay on India after 60 Years of Independence.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

Sure, there is a lot of information to study and analyze, because almost every sphere of Indian life faced transformations. This actually means that completing your essay on India after 60 Years of Independence might take quite a lot of time.

Anyway, if you have it, make an overview for your essay on India after 60 Years of Independence and talk about political, social, and cultural changes in India.

Below we present several points to be considered in essays on India after 60 Years of Independence (more advice on essays and assignment help you can find here ).

Essays on India After 60 Years of Independence: Point 1

After India had gained independence, it was believed that the country would not survive. The thing is that India is very diverse, it is a mixture of different religions, castes, languages, traditions, and so on.

It was the main reason for the development of separatists’ movements that you can talk about in your essay on India after 60 Years of Independence.

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Essays on India After 60 Years of Independence: Point 2

Three prominent political leaders who were assassinated on nationalist grounds is another good idea for your essay on India after 60 Years of Independence. These politicians are:

• Mahatma Gandhi
• Indira Gandhi
• Rajiv Gandhi

Essays on India After 60 Years of Independence: Point 3

Your paper can be devoted to economics or education in India after its independence. The rate of illiterate people in the country remains rather high. The per capita income in India is quite low.

Reading our articles about an essay on Buddhism or a nationalism essay might be useful.

Further reading:

• Interesting History Essay Topics and Events to Write About
• A List of History Websites for a Perfect Research
• World War 2 Essay Example + Argumentative Topics

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Information is not proper, because I need a paragraph on what we achieved a lot in sixty years of independence.

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Essay on india after independence.

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Essay on India after Independence!

India is the world’s largest democracy. It is the only country in Asia that has remained democratic ever since it attained its independence from British rule. The only exception to this is the brief period of the Emergency in 1975-76, when the democratic process was halted.

But it is through the democratic route of elections that the ruling caucus was dethroned and an alternative government installed. But that did not last long and the Congress party returned to power by winning back the confidence of the people.

Many in the world were apprehensive of the success of democracy in India. Their belief was further strengthened when several countries in the region, including Pakistan, failed as democracies and chose an authoritarian and militarist path in its stead. But this did not happen in India, and we have crossed more than half a century as a democracy. India has falsified all the prophecies of doom. It is the ballot, and not the bullet, that reigns supreme in India.

India after Independence :

After a long and difficult freedom struggle, India attained her independence from British rule in 1947. But this independence came with the partition of the country. A new state of Pakistan was created with portions of Western and Eastern India, taken away from the Indian map.

West Pakistan took away Western Punjab, Sindh, and Baluchistan; East Pakistan was created with the partition of Bengal into East and West, the latter remaining with India. Thus, there was a long corridor of India that separated East Pakistan from West Pakistan. That such a formation of the new state was non-pragmatic and unworkable was proven by later events.

In 1971, East Pakistan broke its ties with the Western wing and became the separate country of Bangladesh. The subcon­tinent, which was once a single country, was divided into three nations. Meanwhile, the state of Sikkim, which was a separate kingdom ruled by the Chogyal monarchy, joined the Indian Union in 1975.

Independence arrived in India not only with ‘multiplicity of heritages and legacies’, but also with the pangs of partition that caused dislocation of populations on both sides. Several Muslim families from regions other than those that went to Pakistan decided to opt for the nationality of the new religious state and to migrate there, and numerous Hindu families from both East and West Pakistan got uprooted and came to India as homeless refugees.

This movement of people was not peaceful. There was a lot of bloodshed, looting, rape of women, and merciless killing of innocent people. After the creation of Bangladesh, several Muslim families, which migrated from Bihar and other adjoining states to the Eastern wing of Pakistan, suffered from similar discrimination and marginalization. India has become a shelter for several Bangladeshis who have crossed the porous border illegally and settled in several cities of India.

Their arrival in Assam, for example, caused serious problems and prompted the natives to raise the demand for repatriation of the non-Assamese. Speakers of Bengali and followers of Islam cannot be easily classified foreigners in the pluricultural society of India. Vote-bank politics has also helped in blurring their identities.

India inherited the legacy of British rule – a system of admin­istration, an army, and a democratic form of government, based on the Government of India Act of 1935. Most important was the fact that our country retained the name India that is Bharat. We remain the mainland, while the other states are historically the breakaway groups.

The transition from a colonial country to an independent nation was not easy. Partition entailed division of resources, transfer of government personnel from one country to another, and reorientation of the bureaucracy.

As Paul R. Brass says:

“In some ways, it is possible to view Independence and the adoption in the early years after Independence of a new Constitution as another stage in the evolution of India toward representative government in a process that dates back to the Indian Councils Act of 1861 and continues through the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909, the Montagu- Chelmsford Reforms of 1919, and the Government of India Act of 1935”.But the new Constitution, which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into force on 26 January 1950, has some new features, providing a sharp break with the British colonial past.

It adopted the Westminster model of parliamentary government as against the mixed parliamentary-bureaucratic authoritarian system inherited from British India. The new Constitution included a chapter on Fundamental Rights, and also on Directive Principles, which were not there in the 1935 Act. The introduction of adult suffrage was also a new feature. The Indian polity became a mix of the unitary and federal forms of government.

The new leadership was equally interested in bringing about socio-economic reforms for which the model of a ‘socialistic pattern of society” was adopted. The contradiction thus intro­duced between civil liberties and governmental control has been a subject of political protests.

In addition to fundamental rights, the Constitution made special provisions for the oppressed castes and tribes by listing them in a Schedule and thus designating them as scheduled castes (SCs) and scheduled tribes (STs). The British divided Indian society along religious lines by creating separate electorates, as part of their policy of ‘divide and rule’. But the new leadership of independent India discarded this colonial practice.

However, there was unanimity on giving special protection and privileges to the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, who had allegedly suffered from discrimination at the hands of the upper caste Hindus, and who constitute the majority of India’s poor.

Designating the new state as secular was meant to convey the message that the country would not differentiate between people on the basis of religion, but allow each individual, as part of his/her fundamental right, to practice the religion of his/her choice.

This was to ensure that communalism would be contained. However, the history of the country since independence has been witness to several communal riots and the growth of political parties along religious lines.

Even the so-called secular parties contributed – perhaps unintentionally – to the prevailing communal hiatus. In their enthusiasm to protect the minority groups, the secular parties became in fact promoters of communal interests in the hope of creating vote-banks. It led to a reaction amongst the majority group of Hindus.

The role of the Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS) and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) in promoting solidarity amongst the Hindus is seen in this political context. These non-political organizations lent their support to the Bharatiya Jan Sangh in the early days of independence, and later to its successor, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The Indian polity in reality, and not as seen in constitutional terms, is characterized by a mix of tradition and modernity. The formal structure adopted in the Constitution has continually been modified by the social structure of Indian society, and by the personality profiles of India’s political leadership.

It is not the ideology, but the personality factors, that have led to the formation and dissolution of parties. Review of party manifestos issued during elections and the Common Minimum Programmes (CMPs) adopted by successive coalition governments suggests that there was little ideological distance between parties. Political distance is maintained despite ideological proximity.

The actually existing political structure has departed from the ideal as perceived by the founding fathers of our Constitution. Several amendments made to the Constitution tell that story, but only partially.

There is nothing unusual in this. All living societies continually change in response to the emerging new demands and by the behavior of its members in their different statuses and role relationships.

In the earlier phases, there were pressures from the rulers of princely states and owners of feudal estates seeking redefined roles as leaders in a functioning democracy. They entered politics by joining either the ruling Congress Party or the newly created Bharatiya Jan Sangh and the Swatantra Party (now defunct).

But as long as the nationalist leaders who took part in India’s freedom struggle were there to run the government, there was no threat to the Congress Party. The opposition remained in the minority, but was quite vocal in its criticism in Parliament and the state legisla­tures.

The vote politics that requires numbers led the ruling party and the dissident groups within it, as well as the parties in the opposition, to create vote-banks by invoking caste sentiments. Caste entered politics in the sense that there was, and is, politicization of caste. In this framework, even the minorities were seen as a ‘caste’ – the defining characteristic of endogamy applies to them as well.

If some political parties tried to woo the voters from a particular caste – Lodhis or Rajputs, or Brahmins others tried to woo the minority groups. One also notices a strange pattern of bringing together Muslims and the Hindu community of Yadavs, and other so-called Dalits.

While this grouping is based on sectarian considerations, it is called secular. But a coalition of castes from the Hindu and Jain and Sikh groups is decried as anti-secular. In retort, the latter call the former ‘pseudo-secular’.

In this process, words like secular and secularism have lost their originally intended meaning. All parties realize that no community or group can be neglected if one were to muster political support.

The secular parties cannot afford to neglect the Hindu vote, and the parties that are called anti-secular also have representatives of communities other than the Hindu. All parties, barring religion based organizations, claim to be secular.

Indian politics is characterized by an absence of ideology. Only lip service is paid to ideology. Parties are dominated by personalities. Leaders don’t leave and join parties on ideological grounds. Even the group of Marxists is divided into several parties. To quote Brass, “Indian politics has been characterized by an all-pervasive instrumentalism which washes away party manifestoes, rhetoric, and effective implementation of policies in an unending competition for power, status, and profit.”

The Congress party started as a movement that was joined by people from all sections; its sole aim was to oust the British and establish Swaraj. After the attainment of that aim, Mahatma Gandhi proposed dissolution of the Congress, but it was shot down.

The euphoria of independence was so overwhelming, and the leaders of the movement so respected by the common man, that the Congress party appeared to be the natural heir to the throne. Leaders defecting from the Congress party formed most other parties later.

Students of democracy know that its proper functioning requires an opposition. In the United States, for example, there are two parties – Democratic and Republican – between whom power alternates. But in India, continuance of the Congress rule with no threat of its replacement gave rise to, what came to be known as one-party dominant system.

People found this system similar to that of the Soviet state. This system fulfilled the requirement of the democratic process by creating internal dissen­sions within the Congress party itself.

These were referred to as the ‘ruling group’ and the ‘dissident group’, and power, particu­larly at the level of the states, alternated between these groups, but remained with the Congress. But India’s political situation is changing. This change is taking place on several frontiers. Let us briefly mention the major changes in Indian polity that have occurred since 1947.

Related Articles:

• Essay on Political Modernization in India
• Political Parties: Three Main Types of Political Parties in India

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75 Years of India's Independence: Post August 15 1947 Journey, Historic Events, Achievements & Milestones

75 years of india's independence: let’s look at india’s 75 years of journey post-independence from 15th august 1947 till now including major historic events, significant achievements, & milestones..

75 Years of India's Independence: Post 15 th August 1947, India’s journey has become a great example of an impressive growth story. The journey highlights India’s expansion ranging from agricultural production to nuclear and space technology, from affordable health care to world-class educational institutions, from Ayurveda to biotechnology, from giant steel plants to becoming an IT power, and having the third-largest start-up ecosystem in the world.

Know Your National Flag: Interesting and Amazing facts about India’s Tiranga 

75 Years of India’s Independence: Historic Events, Significant Achievements & Milestones

• Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty,
• Mutual non-aggression,
• Mutual non-interference,
• Equality and mutual benefit, and
• Peaceful co-existence.”

On 25th June 1983, the Indian Cricket Team created history for the first time by winning the World Cup by defeating West Indies who had won the last two world cup. India’s Victory in 1983 is considered to be the landmark moment in Cricket History. 83 World cup was played in Lord's Stadium (England). For the first time, an Asian Nation-India reached the World Cup Final and this was the third consecutive World Cup final appearance for the West Indies.

Draupadi Murmu took oath as the 15th President of India on July 25, 2022. She contested against Yashwant Sinha, the joint opposition’s nominee for the top constitutional job. Draupadi Murmu is a tribal leader from Rairangpur in the Mayurbhanj district in Odisha

Check Draupadi Murmu Biography

Get here current GK and GK quiz questions in English and Hindi for India , World, Sports and Competitive exam preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Current Affairs App .

• Q1. In which year will India complete 75 years of independence? + 15th August 2022
• Q2. What is the name given to the celebration of India's 75 years of Independence by the Government? + 'Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav' is an initiative of the Government of India to celebrate and commemorate 75 years of independence of progressive India and the glorious history of its people, culture and achievements.
• Q3. When was Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav started? + The official journey of “Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav” commences on 12th March 2021 which starts a 75-week countdown to our 75th anniversary of Independence and will end post a year on 15th August 2023.
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Development of Education in India after Independence

After the Independence of India in 1947, the government established different education commissions to address the educational challenges and recommended comprehensive policies to improve the education system in India.

Table of Contents

Development of education under Five-Year Plans

In 1950, the Indian government appointed the Planning Commission to prepare Five-Year Plans for the development of different aspects of life, including education. The main objectives of these plans were:

• to eradicate illiteracy,
• to achieve universal elementary education,
• to establish vocational and skill training programs,
• to upgrade standards and modernise all stages of education,
• to provide facilities for high-quality education in every district of the country.

Commissions and Reforms

In 1948, the Central Advisory Board of India decided to set up two commissions, one to deal with university education and the other for secondary education.

• University Education Commission.
• Mudaliar Commission.

University Education Commission (1948)

The University Education Commission was the first and foremost commission to be appointed in Independent India under the chairmanship of  Dr S. Radhakrishnan . It was established to:

• report on the status of university education in India,
• propose improvements and extensions that would be desirable to suit the then and future requirements of the country,

The commission also aimed to set up universities that would provide the knowledge and wisdom for the inclusive development of the student’s personality. The report suggested the reconstruction of the education system in tune with the vision of the Constitution of India.

Mudaliar Commission (1952-53)

The recommendation of the Mudaliar Commission occupies a very significant place in the development of the secondary education system in Independent India. The commission emphasized the need of training Indians in the democratic way of life.

Based on the reports and recommendations of the Mudaliar Commission, some reforms were introduced in the Indian educational system. For instance, the introduction of the Higher Secondary Scheme, along with a three-year degree course and the opening of more vocational and technical schools and colleges. Education became the responsibility of both the Central and State governments.

Kothari Commission (1964-66)

The Mudaliar Commission was followed by the Kothari Commission. This education commission was appointed under the chairmanship of D. S. Kothari . It was mandated to deal with all aspects and sectors of education and advise the government on the development of the national education system. The report of the commission led to a resolution on a national policy for education.

Indian Education Policies

National education policy (1968).

Based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission, the government led by Prime Minister Indra Gandhi formulated the National Policy on Education in 1968. The policy called for a “radical restructuring” and proposed equal educational opportunities in order to achieve national integration and greater cultural & economic development.

This 1968 policy emphasized the learning of regional languages, outlining the “ three-language formula ” to be implemented in secondary education – the instruction of the English language , the official language of the state where the school was based, and the Hindi language . The use of regional languages in secondary schools was encouraged to establish an effective relationship between teachers and students. The National Education Policy of 1968 called for education spending to increase to 6% of the national income.

National Policy on Education (1986)

In 1986, the Government of India, led by Rajiv Gandhi, introduced a new National Policy on Education (NPE). The new policy called for a “special focus on the removal of disparities” and to equalize educational opportunities, especially for women, Scheduled Castes (SC) and the Scheduled Caste (SC) communities. The policy emphasized expanding scholarships for the poor, adult education, recruiting teachers from the oppressed groups, developing new institutions and providing housing and services.

The National Education Policy provided a “ child-centred approach ” to primary education and launched “ Operation Blackboard ” to improve primary schools nationwide. The policy also laid the creation of the “rural university” model, based on the philosophy of Mahatama Gandhi, to encourage economic and social development at the grassroots level in rural India.

Operation Blackboard (1987)

In pursuance of the National Education Policy 1986, the Indian Government launched the “Operation Blackboard” in 1987-88 with the aim of improving the human and physical resources available in the primary schools of the country. The Scheme mainly consists of three components:

• Providing at least two classrooms in each primary school, along with separate toilet facilities for boys and girls.
• Providing at least two teachers in each primary school.
• Providing essential teaching and learning equipment, including blackboards, maps, charts, toys, and games, to all primary schools bought under the scheme.

During the 8th Five-Year Plan, the Scheme was revised in 1993-94 and expanded to provide the third classrooms and third teacher to primary schools where the enrollment exceeds 100. It was also extended to cover upper primary schools as well.

Teacher Education Scheme (1987)

As envisaged in the National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986, the Government launched a Centrally-Sponsored Scheme of Restructuring and Reorganization of Teacher Education in 1987. It aimed to create a sound institutional infrastructure for pre-service and in-service training of elementary and secondary school teachers. It also provided for the provision of academic resource support to elementary and secondary schools. The Scheme had the following components:

• Setting up of  District Institutes of Education and Training (DIETs) .
• Strengthening of Secondary Teacher Education Institutions into  Colleges of Teacher Education (CTEs)  and  Institutes of Advanced Study in Education (IASEs) .
• Strengthening of  State Councils of Education Research and Training (SCERTs) .

Under this Scheme, recurring and non-recurring Central assistance is provided to the State Governments as resource support to the DIETs, CTEs, IASEs, and SCERTs.

District Primary Education Program (1994)

In 1994, the Government launched the centrally-sponsored scheme of the District Primary Education Program (DPEP) as a major initiative to revitalize primary education and achieve the goal of universalization of primary education . In this program, 85% of the project cost is shared by the Government of India, while 15% by the concerned State. The Central share was funded by several external agencies, including the World Bank, UNICEF, and Department for International Development (DFID).

The program aims at providing access to primary education for all children by reducing the primary drop-out rates, increasing the learning achievement of primary school students and reducing the gap among gender and social groups.

Mid-Day Meal Scheme (1995)

The Government of India initiated the Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS) on 15 August 1995 under the name of  “National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education” (NP-NSPE) . The objective of the programme is to help improve the nutritional status of primary school children.

Under this scheme, a cooked midday meal with 300 calories and 12 grams of protein is provided to all children enrolled in classes one to five. Initially, the programme was launched in 2408 blocks of the country. By 1997-98, the programme had been implemented across the country.

In October 2007, the NP-NSPE was renamed as “National Programme of Mid Day Meal in Schools”. The Scheme included students in upper primary classes of six to eight in 3479 educationally backward blocks in 2007.

In September 2021, this scheme was again renamed the “ Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman (PM-POSHAN) ” scheme. The Central Government announced to include an additional 24 lakh students receiving pre-primary education at government and government-aided institutions under the POSHAN scheme by 2022. The Ministry of Education (MoE) is the nodal ministry for this scheme.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2001)

In 2001, the Government of India launched the  Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)  to ensure education for children from 6 to 14 years. The roots of SSA go back to 1994 when the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched to achieve the objective of universal primary education.

SSA aimed to change the elementary education system in the country by providing useful-quality elementary education to all children of the age group of 6-14 years by 2010.

“ Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat “, launched in 2014, is a nationwide sub-programme of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. This sub-programme looks to improve the comprehensive early reading, writing and mathematic skills of children of classes I and II.

86th Constitutional Amendment Act (2002)

In 2002, the Indian Government introduced the  86th Amendment Act of 2002  to amend the Constitution of India, which:

• Made elementary education a Fundamental Right by adding a new  Article 21-A  in  Part III  of the Constitution. Article 21-A laid out that the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of 6 to 14 years in such manner as the State may determine.
• Changed the subject matter of  Article 45  in  Part IV  (Directive Principles of State Policy) of the Constitution. Now, Article 45 laid out that State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of 6 years.
• Included a new  Fundamental Duty  under  Article 51-A , which laid out that it shall be the duty of every Indian citizen who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child between the age of 6 to 14 years.

Right to Education Act (2009)

The “ Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act “, also known as the “ Right to Education Act (RTE) “, is an Act of the Indian Parliament, enacted on 4 August 2009. The RTE describes the conditions of the importance of free and compulsory education for children in the age group of 6-14 years in India under Article 21-A of the Constitution. The RTE came into force on 1 April 2010. Following are the provisions of the Right to Education Act (RTE):

• The Act makes education a fundamental right of every child between the age of 6 and 14 and specifies minimum standards in elementary schools.
• It requires all the private schools (except the minority institutions) to reserve 25% of seats for the poor and other categories of children (to be reimbursed by the State as part of the public-private partnership plan).
• Children are admitted into private schools based on caste-based reservation.
• It laid out that no child shall be held back, expelled, or required to pass a board examination until the completion of elementary education.
• The Act prohibits all unrecognised schools from practising.
• It makes provisions for no donation or capitation fees and no interview of the child-parent for admission.
• The Act also laid out a provision for special training for school drop-outs to bring them up to par with the students of the same age.
• The Act made other provisions for improvements to school infrastructure and teacher-student ratio.

The Right to Education Act is the first legislation in the world that provided the Government with the responsibility of ensuring enrollment, attendance, and completion of education for children of age between 6 and 14 years.

National Education Policy (2020)

The Union Cabinet of India approved the National Education Policy of India 2020 (NEP 2020) on 29 July 2020. This new policy replaced the National Education Policy of 1986. NEP 2020 is a comprehensive framework for elementary education to higher education, including vocation training in both rural and urban India. The policy aims to transform the education system of India by 2040.

The National Education Policy 2020 will not force to study any particular language. Also, the medium of instruction will not be shifted from English to any regional language. The language policy in NEP 2020 is a broad guideline and advisory in nature. NEP 2020 has emphasized the use of “mother tongue” or local language as the medium of instruction till Class 5 while recommending its continuance till Class 8 and beyond.

The  “10+2” structure  will be replaced with the  “5+3+3+4” model  to optimize learning based on the cognitive development of children. The new model will be implemented as follow:

• Foundation Stage:  It includes 3 years of preschool, followed by Classes 1 and 2 in primary schools, covering the children of ages 3 to 8 years.
• Preparatory Stage:  This stage consists of Classes 3 to 5, covering the children of ages 8 to 10 years.
• Middle Stage:  It covers children between ages 11 and 13 years, studying in Classes 6 to 8.
• Secondary Stage:  It comprises Classes 9 to 12, covering the children of ages 14 to 18 years.

The National Education Policy 2020 discusses reducing the curriculum content to enhance essential learning, critical thinking, and more holistic experiential, analyses-based learning.

Related Policies on Education

National programme for education of girls at elementary level (2003).

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)  has limited financial provisions for girls’ education in the form of innovations at the district level. Thus, there was a need for an additional component.

Therefore, the Government of India launched the  National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL)  in July 2003 as a significant component of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). NP-EGEL is a focused intervention of the Indian Government to reach the “Hardest to Reach” girls, especially those not in school. The programme provides additional support for improving girls’ education  over and above the investments  for girls’ education through normal SSA Interventions.

The Indian Government formulated the NPEGEL for the education of underprivileged/disadvantaged girls from classes I to VIII as a separate & distinct gender component of the SSA. The objectives of the programme were as follows:

• Reduction of the gender gap in the educational sector.
• Improve the quality of education.
• Ensure greater participation of women and girls in the field of education.
• Emphasize the relevance and quality of girls’ education for their empowerment.

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Scheme (2004-05)

The Indian Government launched the Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) scheme in July 2004 for setting up the residential schools at the primary level for girls belonging predominantly to the Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), OBC and minority communities.

The scheme provides a minimum reservation of 75% of the seats for girls from SC, ST communities and priority for the remaining 25% is given to girls from families below the poverty line. It is being implemented in those Educationally Backward Blocks (EBBs), where the female rural literacy is below the national average, and the gender gap in literacy is above the national average.

During the 11th Five Year Plan, the KGBV scheme was merged with Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) in 2008.

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (2009)

Rashtriya Madhyam Shiksha Abhiyan ( RMSA ) is a flagship scheme of the Government of India, launched in March 2009. It is a centrally sponsored scheme to enhance access to secondary education and improve its quality. It includes multidimensional research, technical consulting, and funding support.

The principal objective of the RMSA is to enhance the enrollment rate by providing a secondary school within a reasonable distance of every home. The objectives of the Rashtriya Madhyam Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) are as follows:

• To improve the quality of secondary education by making all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms.
• To provide universal access to secondary level education by 2017, i.e., by the end of the  12th Five Year Plan .
• To remove gender, socio-economic, and disability barriers.
• To enhance and universalize retention of students by 2020.
• The scheme is envisaged to achieve a gross enrollment ratio of 75% from 52.26% in 2005-06 for classes IX-X within five years of its implementation by providing a secondary school within a reasonable distance of any habitation.

Saakshar Bharat (2009)

Saakshar Bharat is an initiative of the Indian Government to create a literate society through a variety of teaching-learning programmes for the non-literate and neo-literate of 15 years and above. The programme was launched in September 2009 as a centrally sponsored program . It aims to promote and strengthen adult learning, reaching out to those who missed the opportunity to access or complete formal education. It also covers vocational education and skill development, applied science and sports.

It was formulated to achieve an 80% literacy level at the national level by focusing on adult women’s literacy. The four broader objectives of the mission are:

• Imparting functional literacy and numeracy to non-literates.
• Acquiring equivalency to the formal education system.
• Imparting relevant skill development programme.
• Promote a learning society by offering opportunities for continuing education.

Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (2013)

Rashtriya Uchchatr Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) was launched in 2013 for the development of higher education in India. It is a  centrally sponsored scheme  which aims to work with State universities and their affiliated colleges to raise the bar of campus life. It aims at providing strategic funding to eligible State higher education institutions throughout the country.

The amount of funding from the Central Government will be in the ratio of  60:40 for general category States , meaning 60% of the total grants contributed by the Central Government and 40% will be contributed by the State as a matching share. However,  for special category States , the amount of the Central Government funding will be  in the ratio of 90:10  and  100% for the Union Territories .

Funds flow from the Central Ministry through the State Governments/Union Territories to the State Higher Education Councils before reaching the identified institutions. The funding to the States would be made based on the critical appraisal of State Higher Education Plans.

RUSA operates in a mission mode to achieve the aims of equality, access and excellence. The salient objectives of RUSA are as follows:

• To improve the overall quality of state institutions by ensuring that all institutions conform to prescribed norms and standards and adopt accreditation as a mandatory quality assurance framework.
• To ensure reforms in the affiliation, academic and examination systems.
• To usher transformative reforms in the State higher education system by creating a facilitative institutional structure for planning and monitoring at the State Level, promoting autonomy in State Universities and improving governance in institutions.
• To ensure adequate availability of quality faculty in all higher educational institutions and promote capacity building at all levels of employment.
• To create an enabling atmosphere in the higher educational institutions to promote research and innovation.
• To expand the institutional base by creating additional capacity in existing institutions and establishing new institutions to achieve higher enrollment.
• To correct the regional imbalances in terms of access to higher education by setting up institutions in un-served and underserved areas of the country.
• To improve equity in higher education by providing adequate opportunities for higher education to SCs, STs, and socially & educationally backward classes, promote inclusion of women, minorities, and differently-abled persons.

Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (2018)

The Indian Government launched the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan in 2018 as an overarching programme for the school education sector extending from preschool to Class 12. The Scheme has been prepared with the broader goal of improving school effectiveness measured in terms of equal opportunities for schooling and equitable learning outcomes. It is a  centrally sponsored scheme .

The Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan subsumes three schemes, which are:

• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA),
• Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA),
• Teacher Education (TE) .

The vision of the scheme is to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education from pre-school to senior secondary stage in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for Education.

( In detail: Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan )

Important Educational Organizations

All india council for technical education (aicte).

The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is a national-level council for technical education under the “ Department of Higher Education “. It was established in November 1945 as an advisory body. In 1987, AICTE was given statutory status by an Act of Parliament, the  All India Council for Technical Education Act of 1987 .

As per the Act, AICTE is the statutory authority for proper planning, formulation and maintenance of standards, Quality assurance through school accreditation, monitoring and evaluation, maintaining parity of certifications and awards, and ensuring coordinated development and management of the technical education in India.

University Grants Commission (UGC)

Based on the recommendation made by the Univesity Education Commission of 1948, the  Univesity Grants Commission (UGC)  was set up on 28 December 1953. The government decided that all grants to universities and higher learning institutions should be handled by the UGC.

In November 1956, the UGC became the statutory body by enacting the “University Grants Commission Act of 1956” by the Indian Parliament. The headquarter of UGC is located in New Delhi. In 1994, the UGC decentralized its operations by setting up six regional offices in Bangalore, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Guwahati, Kolkata, and Pune.

UGC promotes and coordinates university education and determines & maintains standards of teaching, examination, and research in the universities. It provides recognization to universities in India and disbursements of funds to such recognized universities and colleges.

National Council of Education Research and Training (NCERT)

The Government of India established the National Council of Education Research and Training (NCERT) on 27 July 1961 to assist and advise the Central and State governments on policies and programmes for qualitative improvement in school education. It is an autonomous organization that formally began operation on 1 September 1961. The Council was formed by merging seven existing seven national governmental institutions, namely:

• Central Institute of Education,
• Central Bureau of Educational and Vocational Guidance,
• Central Bureau of Textbook Research,
• National Institute of Basic Education,
• National Fundamental Education Centre
• National Institute of Audio-Visual Education,
• Directorate of Extension Programmes for Secondary Education.

Also Read :

• Development of Education in India before Independence .
• Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) .

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Essay on Independence Day (15 August) for Students and Children

500+ words essay on independence day.

One of the most memorable days in Indian history is 15th August. It’s the day on which the Indian sub-continent got independence after a long struggle. India only has three national festivals that are celebrated by the whole nation as one. One being the Independence Day (15th August) and the other two being Republic Day (26th January) and Gandhi Jayanti (2nd October). After independence, India became the largest democracy in the world. We fought very hard to get our independence from the Britishers. In this essay on Independence Day, we are going to discuss the history and importance of Independence Day.

History of Our Independence Day

For almost two centuries the Britishers ruled over us. And the citizen of the country suffered a lot due to these oppressors. British officials treat us like slaves until we manage to fight back against them.

We struggled for our independence but work tirelessly and selflessly under the guidance of our leaders Jawahar Lal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose, Mahatma Gandhi , Chandra Shekhar Azad, and Bhagat Singh. Some of these leaders choose the path of violence while some choose non-violence. But the ultimate aim of these was to drive out the Britishers from the country. And on 15th August 1947, the long-awaited dream come true.

Why We Celebrate Independence Day?

To relive the moment and to enjoy the spirit of freedom and independence we celebrate Independence Day. Another reason is to remember the sacrifices and lives we have lost in this struggle. Besides, we celebrated it to remind us that this freedom that we enjoy is earned the hard way.

Apart from that, the celebration wakes up the patriot inside us. Along with celebration, the young generation is acquainted with the struggles of the people who lived at that time.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Activities on Independence Day

Although it’s a national holiday the people of the country celebrate it with great enthusiasm. Schools, offices, societies, and colleges celebrate this day by organizing various small and big events.

Every year at Red Fort the Prime Minister of India host the national flag. In the honor of the occasion, 21 gunshots are fired. This is the begging of the main event. This event is later on followed by an army parade.

The school and colleges organize cultural events, fancy dress competitions, speech, debate, and quiz competition.

Importance of Independence Day

Every Indian holds a different viewpoint about Indian Independence. For some, it’s a reminder of the long struggle while for youngsters it stands for the glory and honor of the country. Above all, we can see the feeling of patriotism across the country.

The Indian’s celebrate Independence Day with a feeling of nationalism and patriotism across the country. On this day every citizen echoes with festive feeling and pride in the diversity and unity of the people. It’s not only a celebration of Independence but also of the unity in diversity of the country.

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541 Words Essay on India after independence

Our country had been under the British rule for about two hundred years. This long term foreign rule suppressed India and his people ruthlessly and it seemed for a while that she (India) would never raise her head in the free air. But Mahatma Gandhi’s efforts and his right direction made it possible and the Britishers went to their home land for good.

India got independence in 1947. Since then the leaders and the politicians have been trying their best to improve the condition of the masses. Many achievements have been made already but still there are many more to achieve for the alround development of India.

In the economic field, unprecedented progress has been made so far. Our five-year plans have been successfully completed with shining results. Many multipurpose projects such as Bhakra Nangal, Hirakund and Damodar valley projects, etc. have been taken in hand and completed in time. Many factories have been established, for example, Haldia Fertilizer complex, Sindri Fertilizers Factory, Barauni and Guna Fertilizer Factory etc.

Since Independence, our country has made great progress in agricultural production. Farmers have been introduced to improve varieties of seeds and fertilizers. They have also been provided with better machines for agriculture. Lakhs of tube wells have been dug up for irrigation purposes and many new canals constructed. Modern machines can also be seen in our villages today. As a result, our farms are not facing the food problem today. Now, we have enough food for all.

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In the field of education, our country has made wonderful achievements since independence. We have about 7.75 lakhs primary schools 1.10 lakhs secondary level institutions and about two hundred twenty one universities in our country now. Apart from these, all the states have well known engineering colleges both governments as well as private. The government has also set up Navodaya Vidyalaya in the rural areas to encourage education there.

India’s defence setup has also been strengthened by producing most-sophisticated weapons. India has successfully fired ‘Agni’ a long range missile in 1989. Since then ‘Akash’ surface to air long range missile, Trishul’, ‘Nag’ and recently ‘Prithvi’ surface to surface short range missible have been launched. Rapid advances have been made in the field of electronics and a comprehensive programme of computerisation is also under way.

The launching of “Aryabhatta”, Rohini, Apple INSAT-1 and INSAT-1 (D) Satellites marked the entiy of India into the space age. Since then many more multipurpose satellites have been sent into outer space. India has successfully conducted underground atomic tests for peaceful purposes. Now she (India) is nuclear.

Although our countiy has achieved much in almost all fields, it is still lagging behind in many things. It has solved many problems no doubt but at the same time it has come in the grip of many new problems like population explosion, unemployment, pollution, deforestation, corruption, price rise, above all the game of dirty politics and terrorism.

These problems have rocked the country and some times it seems that our selfish leaders, the so called saviour of the country, will further worsen its condition instead of doing something good for it. However, we should be hopeful. A day will certainly come when India will be a developed and powerful country in the world.

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Essay on 75 Years of Indian Independence

Students are often asked to write an essay on 75 Years of Indian Independence in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on 75 Years of Indian Independence

The journey of independence.

India has completed 75 years of independence, a journey that began on 15th August 1947. This period has been marked by significant growth and development, despite various challenges.

Post-Independence Era

Initially, India faced numerous issues like poverty and illiteracy. The leaders worked hard to uplift the country, focusing on education, infrastructure, and health.

Economic Progress

India has made remarkable economic progress. It’s now one of the fastest-growing economies, with advancements in technology, space research, and various industries.

Cultural Preservation

Despite modernization, India has managed to preserve its rich cultural heritage, showcasing its diversity to the world.

Looking Ahead

As India steps into the next 75 years, the aim is to build an inclusive, prosperous nation, ensuring a better future for all.

250 Words Essay on 75 Years of Indian Independence

Introduction.

India, a nation with a rich history, diverse culture, and a promising future, celebrated 75 years of independence in 2021. This milestone marks a journey of resilience, development, and transformation, which is worthy of reflection and celebration.

Post-Independence Struggles

The initial years following independence were marked by the daunting task of nation-building. The partition of India and Pakistan led to large-scale violence, displacement, and socio-economic challenges. The nascent government had to formulate a constitution, establish institutions, and ensure social justice amidst this chaos.

Progressive Developments

Over the years, India has made significant strides in various fields. The Green Revolution transformed the agricultural landscape, making India self-sufficient in food grains. The IT revolution positioned India as a global hub for technology and services. India’s space program, ISRO, has achieved remarkable feats, including the successful Mars Orbiter Mission.

Challenges and the Way Forward

Despite these accomplishments, India still grapples with issues such as poverty, illiteracy, and corruption. The economic disparity is a pressing concern that needs to be addressed. However, with the advent of digital technology and initiatives like Digital India, there is hope for a more inclusive and equitable future.

The 75 years of Indian independence is a saga of triumph, resilience, and constant evolution. The journey has been challenging, but the progress made is commendable. As we look forward to the future, the lessons from the past will guide India towards a prosperous and inclusive society.

500 Words Essay on 75 Years of Indian Independence

The dawn of independence.

India, a land of rich cultural heritage and diverse traditions, celebrated its 75th year of independence in 2021. This independence, achieved after a prolonged struggle against British rule, marked the beginning of a new era of self-governance, democracy, and socio-economic development. The journey from 1947 to the present day has been a saga of significant transformation and growth.

Post-Independence Challenges

The immediate aftermath of independence was a period of considerable challenges. The partition of the country into India and Pakistan led to widespread communal violence and a massive refugee crisis. The new nation was also faced with the task of integrating hundreds of princely states into the Indian Union. Despite these adversities, India managed to create a democratic system, which was a remarkable achievement considering the socio-economic conditions of the time.

Building a Democratic Republic

The adoption of the Constitution in 1950 laid the foundation for India as a democratic republic. The Constitution, which is the longest written constitution in the world, enshrines the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It established a parliamentary system of government, universal adult franchise, and a commitment to social justice and human rights.

Economic Development and Modernization

In the economic sphere, India embarked on a path of planned development with the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950. The focus was on self-reliance and the development of key industries and infrastructure. Over the years, India has transitioned from an agrarian economy to a diversified one with substantial growth in sectors such as information technology, telecommunications, and services.

India on the Global Stage

India’s foreign policy, characterized by the principles of non-alignment and peaceful coexistence, has evolved over the years. India has played a significant role in international affairs, be it the fight against apartheid in South Africa or contributing to United Nations peacekeeping missions. Today, India is seen as a major global player with increasing influence in international forums.

The Road Ahead

As India celebrates 75 years of independence, it stands at a crucial juncture. While it has made significant strides in various spheres, challenges remain. Issues such as poverty, illiteracy, corruption, and environmental degradation need to be addressed. The vision for the future should be to build an inclusive, sustainable, and resilient India.

In conclusion, the journey of India since independence has been a story of resilience, transformation, and progress. The 75th year of independence is not just a milestone but a moment of reflection on the past and a vision for a brighter future. The onus is on the current generation to carry forward the legacy of the freedom fighters and work towards realizing the dream of a truly independent, prosperous, and inclusive India.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

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• India Independence Day Essay in English: Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav 2023

Short Essay on Independence Day - The Day India Became Independent

The day of 15th August 1947 has been embossed in the golden history of India. It is the day when India got its freedom from 200 years of British rule. It was a hard and long struggle in which many freedom fighters and great men sacrificed their lives for our beloved motherland.

India celebrates its Independence Day on the 15th of August every year. However, this year, the auspicious day is being celebrated as ‘77 Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav 2023’. Independence Day, called the Red-Letter Day in the history of our country, is celebrated as a national holiday throughout India.

Independence Day 2023 helps us remember every one of the penances our political dissidents made to liberate India from British rule. On 15th August 1947, India was announced free from British imperialism and turned into the biggest vote-based system, the largest democracy in the world.

In this essay on Independence Day, students can track down every one of the significant subtleties of India's Independence history. They can allude to it for their exam preparation as papers are generally asked in the CBSE English paper. Additionally, they can utilise this article as study material for the Independence Day essay for kids during the exam.

Essay on Independence Day 2023

15th August is commended as a public celebration with flag hoisting, marches, and social works. Schools, universities, workplaces, society buildings, government, and private associations celebrate this day beautifully. On this day, the Prime Minister of India hoists the National Flag at the Red Fort and addresses the country with a speech. Doordarshan communicates the whole occasion in real-time on TV.

History of Independence Day

In 1947, on 15th August, India became independent. We won freedom from British Raj after a hard struggle. On this day at the stroke of midnight, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, our first Prime Minister, unfurled the National Flag at the Red Fort for the first time. It marked the end of the 200 years old British reign in India. We now breathe air in a free and sovereign nation.

The British have governed India for about 200 years. Under British colonisation, the life of every Indian was dismal and full of struggle. Indians were treated as slaves and had no freedom of speech. Indian rulers were puppets in the possession of British officers. Indian fighters were dealt with cruelty in British camps, and farmers were starving as they couldn't grow crops and needed to pay substantial land taxes.

On this special occasion, the people of India remember the selfless sacrifices and unparalleled contributions of great men and women to achieve the independence of India. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Sardar Patel, and Gopalbandhu Das are paid reverent homage by one and all in the country.

Great Indian Freedom Fighters

India couldn't have acquired independence without the efforts of numerous extraordinary freedom fighters. Bhagat Singh, Rani of Jhansi, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Subhas Chandra Bose, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Ram Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan are some of the notable names.

Role of Women in India's Independence

Several women have played a significant part in the Indian freedom movement. Savitribai Phule, Mahadevi Verma, Capt Laxmi Sehgal, Rani Laxmibai, and Basanti Devi are just a few crucial names to remember. These women along with many others played a prominent role in leading India towards its independence.

The ‘Good’ British Rulers in India

Not all the British were awful; many started adoring India and did incredible things for it. Some even took part in the Indian Independence struggle. Some of the good British rulers include Warren Hastings who developed court reforms; Freda Bedi who supported Indian nationalism; Allan Octavian Hume who started the Indian National Congress, etc.

Why Do We Celebrate Indian Independence Day?

India accomplished freedom following a 200-year-long battle. India gained complete independence from the British on 15th August 1947. That is why the day holds importance in the heart of each Indian citizen either living in India or abroad. India is celebrating 77 years of freedom on 15th August 2023 as Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav. This day also helps us remember the struggles of freedom fighters and the lives sacrificed in attaining independence.

The struggle that our freedom fighters have gone through shows us that the freedom we appreciate today has been attained by shedding the blood of hundreds of individuals. It stirs patriotism inside each Indian. It makes the current generation understand the struggles of individuals around them and familiarise themselves with the freedom fighters of India.

Importance of Independence Day Essay

Independence day is a positive historical event for the country since we were free from British rule on this day. It unites diverse individuals all over the country. Unity in diversity is the fundamental path and strength of India. We feel pleased to be a part of the biggest majority-rule country on the planet, where we live in a democracy.

Independence Day is an important day in the life of every Indian citizen. Year after year, it reminds us of our great freedom fighters who sacrificed and struggled their lives in order to free our Motherland from British rule. It reminds us of the great paragons, which were the foundation of the dream of a free India, envisioned and realised by the founding fathers.

Activities on Independence Day

Independence Day is celebrated with great joy across the country. People hold meetings, fly the tricolour flag, and sing the National Anthem. There is great enthusiasm among all. In the national capital, Delhi, this day is celebrated with great pomp and show. All leaders and common people gather in large numbers on the parade ground in front of the Red Fort and eagerly wait for the arrival of the Prime Minister.

The Prime Minister then  hoists the National Flag and makes a speech that focuses on the achievements of the government during the past year, mentions the issues that still need to be addressed, and calls upon further developmental efforts. Foreign dignitaries are also invited to this occasion.

Tributes are paid to the freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives during the struggle. The Indian National Anthem – “Jana Gana Mana” is sung. The parade by the Indian Army and the Paramilitary forces is followed by the speech. All state capitals hold events on similar lines with the Chief Minister of the respective states unfurling the National Flag.

Independence Day is observed with great honour at all the government and private institutions, schools, and colleges. Students take part in parades and sing the National Anthem before hoisting the National Flag. Some historical buildings are specially decorated with lights depicting the independence theme. Special programs like planting trees are taken up on this day. The young minds are infused with a sense of patriotism and nationalistic feelings. To celebrate this occasion, sports and cultural competitions are conducted, and prizes are awarded to the winners. Sweets are distributed among everyone. Patriotic songs can be heard at every street corner.

Another interesting feature of the celebration is the kite-flying event that is held all over the country with great zeal. The sky on this day is filled with kites of various colours, shapes, and sizes.

Even television channels and radio programs are charged up with patriotism. The channels telecast movies and documentaries based on patriotic themes in order to let the people and children know about various incidents of our freedom struggle and to inspire a love for our motherland. All the national newspapers also print special editions and cite inspirational stories and excerpts of the life of great men from the great books written about them.

Quotes on Indian Independence Day

"Long years ago, we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge." - Jawaharlal Nehru

"The best road to progress is freedom's road." - Mahatma Gandhi

"India is, the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great-grandmother of tradition." - Mark Twain

"We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made." - Albert Einstein

Indian Independence Day 2023 is a national occasion and celebrated as a national holiday on which all shops, workplaces, schools and universities remain closed. This day is a token to the freedom fighters and patriots who sacrificed their lives so we could experience and live in a free land. The tricolour is hoisted in schools and other institutions on this day.

A wind of patriotism and national integration blows across the country on this day. The country is celebrating 77 Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav as it completes 76 years of independence to remind the citizens of the sacrifices made by our forefathers. Through Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, India will commemorate its past this Independence Day and will also lay plans for the future. It is now in the hands of India’s youth to shape and form the future of our country.

FAQs on India Independence Day Essay in English: Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav 2023

1. Name a few important freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives for the independence of our motherland.

Some of the great freedom fighters like Mahatma Gandhi, Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose, Sardar Ballabh Patel, Bhagat Singh, Maulana Kalam Azad, etc. were at the forefront of the freedom struggle.

2. What is the importance of Independence Day?

Independence Day is the day when all Indians remember the struggle of the eminent leaders to get freedom from the 200 years of British rule. They went through a long and very hard struggle. Many people sacrificed their lives to give us independence. So we pay tribute to all those freedom fighters and take an oath to carry on the legacy for a better country in the future.

3. Why is Independence Day called a Red-Letter Day?

Independence Day is called a Red-Letter Day because it is a special occasion when India got freedom from the hands of the British who ruled our country for over 200 years.

4. How do schools and colleges celebrate this day?

Most schools and colleges celebrate this day with great pomp and show. They hoist the National Flag and sing the National Anthem. The students conduct various cultural programs. They perform small skits based on the patriotic theme. Sports events are also conducted in many institutions, and awards are given to the winners. Many schools also conduct drawing competitions where the students are expected to draw something based on the theme of independence. Sweets are distributed among the students and the staff of the schools and colleges. 

5. Which day is Independence Day in 1947?

India gained independence from the British on 15 August 1947.

6. Who declared freedom for India?

Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India, declared India's independence on 15 August 1947.