online and offline learning comparison essay

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Education /

Online Classes vs Offline Classes

Updated on
Jan 15, 2024

Online Classes vs Offline Classes; classroom

The Covid-19 pandemic brought a dynamic shift in the world education system . The imposition of lockdown led to the shutdown of physical classrooms and thus online education became the new norm. Although online learning has managed to keep education alive in these difficult times, it cannot completely replace it. Both online and offline education have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. In this blog, we will explore one of the most debated topics these days, online classes vs offline classes.

This Blog Includes:

Online education, offline education, mode of education in offline and online classes, accessibility, time management, flexibility of classes, student-teacher interaction, technical issues in offline and online classes, practical learning, pros and cons of an online degree.

With the emergence of technology , the method of delivering education has forever changed. As a matter of fact, online education has become a flexible instructional method of teaching wherein students can easily gain access to study material in the comfort of their homes. Moreover, online education provides an excellent opportunity for students who are unable to enrol in traditional classrooms as well as supports students in setting their own pace for studying.

Furthermore, online education helps in inculcating the habit of self-discipline and time management within students and provides them access to an unlimited number of educational resources. The students can easily set their own pace of learning as long as they have the right equipment and access to a proper internet connection.

Online Education vs Offline Education

While online education is not a new phenomenon, its importance came to light during the pandemic. Given below is a table that highlights the main differences between online education vs offline education.

When it comes to online classes, teachers can easily educate their students via virtual classrooms. Students can easily access learning materials from anywhere as long as they have proper access to an internet connection. Additionally, Online classes provide teachers with a number of online learning tools including videos, audio, animations, virtual whiteboards, virtual conference rooms and live chats with the students.

On the other hand, offline classes provide students with a practical learning environment within the walls of a physical classroom. It allows students to closely interact with their teachers as well as participate actively in live discussions and debates. Moreover, students can also participate in recreational activities like art and physical education which contributes to the overall mental and physical development of the student.

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12 comments

Online classes is better than offline class in this covid19 pandemic situation

Hello Nasrin, We totally agree with you and believe that online classes do have their own share of advantages too. Here are some recommended reads that you can check out on the same: https://leverageedu.com/blog/online-learning/ https://leverageedu.com/blog/online-courses/ https://leverageedu.com/blog/online-classes-are-the-new-normal/

Very nice content

Acc. 2 me offline is better. As it boost 😤 Student confidence nd to talk freely with his /her teacher. As in online one can ask ques privately, perfectly clear doubt but isn’t it lower confudence . As he /she can ask his/her ques. But in future while in any situation when he /she need to do some open conversation or any other situation. He /she can’t able to do it perfectly. To b good there strt it frm starting.

Me offline class is best 🙂 Thank you

Hey Deepanshi, offline and online courses both have their merits and demerits. Glad to know that you find offline better!

In my opinion offline classes is best way of learning ☺️

Thank you for the comment!

The information you’ve shared in this blog is highly remarkable. Thanks for sharing quality information.

Thank you for such encouraging feedback. We are continuously working hard to bring all the important information for our readers regarding study abroad queries. If you are interested in knowing more about such study abroad related services call Leverage Edu anytime at 1800 572 000 for a free consultancy session.

Online classes make Health issues, spending so much time in front of computer cause bad affects on health But in Physical Offline Classes are very much better than online classes in my opinion, when you meet peoples physically your mind get open and with physically connect with teacher gets your study perfect. OFFLINE CLASSES ARE THE BEST in terms of everything

Well , i have a question though . what about introvert students ? Who are too shy to approach to the teacher , they are much more comfortable in online , aren’t they ?

Online classes are undoubtedly great for introvert students. But if you’re an introvert and you take offline classes, you will be able to build courage and confidence which will prove beneficial in the future.

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Online Classes Vs. Traditional Classes Essay

Online vs. in-person classes essay – introduction, online and traditional classes differences, works cited.

The article compares and contrasts online classes and traditional classes. Among the advantages of online classes are flexibility and convenience, while in-person classes offer a more structured learning environment. The author highlights that online lessons can be more cost-effective, although they lack support provided by live interactions. Overall, the online vs. traditional classes essay is very relevant today, and the choice depends on the individual student’s needs and preferences.

Modern technology has infiltrated the education sector and as a result, many college students now prefer taking online classes, as opposed to attending the traditional regular classes. This is because online classes are convenient for such students, and more so for those who have to both work and attend classes.

As such, online learning gives them the flexibility that they needed. In addition, online learning also gives an opportunity to students and professionals who would not have otherwise gone back to school to get the necessary qualifications. However, students who have enrolled for online learning do not benefit from the one-on-one interaction with their peers and teachers. The essay shall endeavor to examine the differences between online classes and the traditional classes, with a preference for the later.

Online classes mainly take place through the internet. As such, online classes lack the regular student teacher interaction that is common with traditional learning. On the other hand, learning in traditional classes involves direct interaction between the student and the instructors (Donovan, Mader and Shinsky 286).

This is beneficial to both the leaner and the instructors because both can be bale to establish a bond. In addition, student attending the traditional classroom often have to adhere to strict guidelines that have been established by the learning institution. As such, students have to adhere to the established time schedules. On the other hand, students attending online classes can learn at their own time and pace.

One advantage of the traditional classes over online classes is that students who are not disciplined enough may not be able to sail through successfully because there is nobody to push them around. With traditional classes however, there are rules to put them in check. As such, students attending traditional classes are more likely to be committed to their education (Donovan et al 286).

Another advantage of the traditional classes is all the doubts that students might be having regarding a given course content can be cleared by the instructor on the spot, unlike online learning whereby such explanations might not be as coherent as the student would have wished.

With the traditional classes, students are rarely provided with the course materials by their instructors, and they are therefore expected to take their own notes. This is important because they are likely to preserve such note and use them later on in their studies. In contrast, online students are provided with course materials in the form of video or audio texts (Sorenson and Johnson 116).

They can also download such course materials online. Such learning materials can be deleted or lost easily compared with handwritten class notes, and this is a risk. Although the basic requirements for a student attending online classes are comparatively les in comparison to students attending traditional classes, nonetheless, it is important to note that online students are also expected to be internet savvy because all learning takes place online.

This would be a disadvantage for the regular student; only that internet savvy is not a requirement. Students undertaking online learning are likely to be withdrawn because they hardly interact one-on-one with their fellow online students or even their instructors. The only form of interaction is online. As such, it becomes hard for them to develop a special bond with other students and instructors. With traditional learning however, students have the freedom to interact freely and this helps to strengthen their existing bond.

Online learning is convenient and has less basic requirements compared with traditional learning. It also allows learners who would have ordinarily not gone back to school to access an education. However, online students do not benefit from a close interaction with their peers and instructors as do their regular counterparts. Also, regular students can engage their instructors more easily and relatively faster in case they want to have certain sections of the course explained, unlike online students.

Donovan, Judy, Mader, Cynthia and Shinsky, John. Constructive student feedback: Online vs. traditional course evaluations. Journal of Interactive Online Learning , 5.3(2006): 284-292.

Sorenson, Lynn, and Johnson, Trav. Online Student Ratings of Instructions . San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 2003. Print.

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A Comparative Analysis of the Online and Offline Modes of Learning

Dr. Chaitra V.
Jevitha Lobo
Sumit Thakkar
Oct 9, 2023
Computer Science

Dr. Chaitra V. 1 , Jevitha Lobo 2 , Sumit Thakkar 3

1 Department of Mathematics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru

2 Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka

3 Department of Information Science, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru

DOI: https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2023.8911

Received: 14 August 2023; Revised: 06 September 2023; Accepted: 11 September 2023; Published: 09 October 2023

The traditional method of learning has always been followed in India. The global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the closure of schools. Educational institutions that practiced the traditional approach had to shift entirely either to online or blended mode. Before the pandemic only a handful of students had experienced online mode of learning in India. During the pandemic, students experience either online or blended modes of learning. A survey was conducted on 202 undergraduate student’s post-pandemic period to analyze their experience with the mode of learning. The primary objective of this study was to obtain evaluative from students who attended all three modes of teaching (online, offline, and blended). In this article, we analyze students’ perception of offline, online, and blended modes of learning, their choices on online platforms, offline mode, and whom are they comfortable approaching to get their doubts clarified.

Keywords Online mode, offline mode, blended mode, covid-19, Information technology, virtual mode.

INTRODUCTION

Covid-19 is a global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which has resulted in lockdowns in a number of nations. In March 2020, the World Health Organization identified COVID-19 as a worldwide pandemic. Due to the pandemic, the Indian government had ordered a nationwide lockdown from March 24 to May 13, 2020. Also, during the second wave and third wave lockdowns were imposed by state governments. Most governments throughout the world, including India, have sanctioned unprecedented social containment measures in an attempt to limit the spread of COVID-19. Some of the measures used were social separation and the temporary physical closure of educational institutions. Traditional in-person classroom training had to be radically changed to predominantly distance learning, which involves teaching remotely via digital platforms. Educational institutions have struggled to find options to address this problematic situation. The challenges faced during this period were expected to hinder the learning process. Slowly institutions were able to provide support for online learning, but lack of interactions took away the personal aspect of teaching. Access, affordability, monitoring, and lack of interaction were some of the drawbacks of online learning. The mental health of students was affected. Once the lockdown was lifted, institutions resumed operations in both online and offline modes.

Since students have had exposure to online, offline, and blended learning, there are certain disadvantages as well as benefits to both online and offline learning modes. Students in the offline mode of learning faced a number of disadvantages, including a lack of opportunity to learn advanced technology, time management was a significant issue for students who lived far from the institution, recorded lectures or other forms of digital data were rarely available, and so on., while talking about drawbacks of online mode is that many students found it quite challenging to manage the screen time as it requires students to stay logged-in for a long time which was harmful to eyes due to long usage of screens, there were also frequent technical glitches due to poor internet connection or say device errors which resulted into not able to listen properly in the ongoing class, in online mode of teaching chances of distraction were high as well as group work were not efficient as they were not able to get peer help and mentoring by their mentor properly. When considering the benefits of offline mode, teachers discovered that students were very attentive in class, and that teachers were also able to provide individual attention to students, address their issues, and solve them immediately. When considering the benefits of online mode, teachers discovered that it was flexible (as it could be accessed from anywhere with a device and an internet connection), budget-friendly, class recordings were available for future reference, and a lot of data was also available.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

For this study, a small survey was conducted by the authors. The survey questions assessed the general perception and experience of 202 students about online and offline learning.

Here qualitative method was used to analyze student’s perception of the mode of learning. We used several questions to figure out how students might react to various scenarios. Students from different branches of engineering and from second-year to fourth-year students were asked a total of 13 questions like what kind of mode of learning students prefer(online, offline, or blended), whom they approach for clarification of doubts(faculty, friends, online platforms, etc.), online platforms they prefer for studying/understanding the concept, which mode of offline teaching they preferred (black/whiteboard, PowerPoint presentation or both), how many hours a day do they study (apart from college/university, assignments or lab work), how do they study any unknown concept (by reading the textbook, regularly writing notes or on writing important notes), do they find lectures beneficial, did they attended the lectures for learning or for sake of attendance etc..

This research demonstrates how students behave when it comes to the type of learning. We analyse the kind of decisions the students make under the given conditions and the most common behavior of the students.

As many students have encountered all three types of learning modes (online, offline and blended), students’ learning patterns have changed dramatically.

DATA ANALYSIS

The main agenda of this study was to collect evaluative feedback from students who attended all three modes of teaching (online, offline, and blended mode). Responses to these questions were collected and categorized into each question to identify similar responses. Frequency counts of frequently received responses have been compiled. Statistical hypothesis along with SPSS is used for comparative study.

During the pandemic students all over experienced online learning. To understand students’ preferences, a question was included in the survey on the mode of teaching they prefer whether online, offline, or blended mode.

Out of many survey questions, we have used these four questions for our analysis.

Since you have experienced both online and offline modes of teaching, which mode of learning do you prefer? (Give your opinion based on learning)
When you do not understand a concept whom do you approach for clarification? (Student is allowed to choose more than one option)
Which online platform do you use for learning your course? (Student is allowed to choose more than one option)
Which mode of offline learning do you prefer?

We have used SPSS software to analyse the data which we have received. Firstly, we check whether our analysis is unbiased.

Table 1: Students preference on online/offline/blended mode of teaching

H 0 : Branch has no impact on student’s preference for mode of learning.

H 1 : Branch has an impact on student’s preference for mode of learning.

Table 2: Chi-Square Tests

Here we observe that p-value 0.286 is greater than 5% level of significance, there is no enough evidence to reject.

H 0 So we conclude that branches have no impact on student’s preference for teaching mode.

Table 3: Students preference on online/offline/blended mode of teaching

H 0 : Year of study have no impact on student’s preference on teaching mode.

H 1 : Year of study has impact on student’s preference on teaching mode.

Table 4: Chi-Square Tests

Since the p-value 0.726 is greater than a 5% level of significance, there is no enough evidence to reject Ho. So, we conclude year of study has no impact on students’ preference for teaching mode.

As a student’s choice is not based on the branch or year he is in, the analysis to be conducted further is unbiased.

Research Question 1

Is there any relationship between question 3 and question 4? A chi-square test with alpha = 5% as a criterion for significance was done.

Table 5: Cross Table

Statement 1: Which online platform do you use for learning your course?

Statement 2: Which mode of offline learning do you prefer?

Ho: There is no significant relationship between students’ preference of any choice in Statement 1 and responses in Statement 2.

H1: There is a significant relationship between students’ preference for any choice in Statement 1 and responses in statement 2.

Table 6: Chi-square table

Here p-value is greater than the level of significance value of 0.05. Therefore, there is no evidence to reject Ho. This concludes there is no significant relationship between students’ preference for any online platform in Statement 1 and responses in Statement 2.

Research Question 2

Is there any relationship between question 2 and question 3? A chi-square test with alpha = 5% as a criterion for significance was done.

Table 7: Cross table

Statement 1: When you do not understand a concept whom do you approach for clarification?

Statement 2: Which online platform do you use for learning your course?

There is no significant relationship between students’ preference of any choice in statement 1 and responses in statement 2.

There is a significant relationship between students’ preference of any choice in statement 1 and responses in statement 2.

Table 8: Pearson Chi-Square Test

Table 9: Pearson Chi-Square Test

Table 10: Pearson Chi-Square Test

Table 11: Pearson Chi-Square Test

When a student chooses an online platform, he chooses YouTube over any other online platform as p-value is 0. Here we reject .

But any other p-value is greater than the level of significance value 0.05. Therefore, there is no evidence to reject . Hence, we conclude that there is no significant relationship between students’ preference of any choice in question 2 and responses in question 3.

Research Question 3

Is there any relationship between question 2 and question 4? A Chi-square test with alpha = 5% as a criterion for significance was done.

Table 12: Cross table

Statement 2: Which mode of offline teaching do you prefer?

Ho: There is no significant relationship between students’ preference of any choice in Statement 1 and responses in statement 2.

Table 13: Chi-Square tests

Research Question 4

Is there any relationship between question 1 and question 4? A Chi-square test with alpha = 5% as a criterion for significance was done.

Table 14: Cross Table

Statement 1: Since you have experienced both online and offline modes of teaching, which mode of teaching do you prefer?

Ho: There is no significant relationship between students’ preference for multiple responses in Statement 1 and 2.

H1: There is a significant relationship between students’ preference for multiple responses in Statement 1 and 2.

Table 15: Chi-Square Tests

Here p-value (0.015) is less than the level of significance value 0.05. Here we conclude there is a significant relationship between students’ preference of multiple responses in Statement 1 and 2.

CONCLUSION AND FURTHER SCOPE OF STUDY

Higher education in India is currently limited by a lack of clarity when it comes to regulating e-learning channels. It is important to note that the survey indicated that students are open to online learning. The students agreed that online learning was effective but the majority of them (around 58%) still prefer the traditional method of learning. There could be various possible reasons for students to prefer offline mode over online mode of learning. As disasters or such pandemic situations are not under our control, it is better to investigate this issue which will help to analyse and act on the same. Since YouTube videos are easily accessible students prefer this over any other online platform. When a student has attended classes online, offline or, blended mode to clarify his doubts he is more likely to use the online platform (around 85%) than approaching faculty (around 25%) who has taught the subject. There seems to be a gap in the process. Further investigation is to be done to bridge this gap. The results of this survey are important for future research.

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Baytiyeh, H.,”Online learning during post-earthquake school closures”, Disaster Prevention and Management”, An International Journal, 27(2)(2018)215–227.
Ram Gopal, Varsha Singh, Arun Aggarwal, “Impact of online classes on the satisfaction and performance of students during the pandemic period of COVID 19”, Education and Information Technologies 26 (2021) 6923–6947.
Song, L., Singleton, E. S., Hill, J. R., & Koh, M. H.,” Improving online learning: Student perceptions of useful and challenging characteristics”, The Internet and Higher Education, 7(1) (2004) 59–70.
Deepika Nambiar, “The impact of online learning during COVID-19: students’ and teachers’ perspective”, The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(2) (2020).
‘Malley, J., & McGraw, H. “Students’ perceptions of distance learning, online learning and the traditional classroom”, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 2(4) (1999).
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Online vs Offline Education: Pros and Cons [2024]

The entire educational system underwent a seismic shift due to the Covid-19 epidemic. Physical classrooms were shut down due to the lockdown, and online learning replaced it as the norm. Online learning cannot completely replace it, even if it has helped to keep education alive in these challenging times. By examining all the aspects, we will assist you in choosing the best way for you in this article.

Online Education

Technology’s development has fundamentally altered how education is delivered. Online learning has developed into a flexible teaching style that allows students to quickly access study materials from the comfort of their homes. Online learning also supports students in choosing their own study pace and offers an excellent chance for those unable to enroll in traditional classroom settings. Students who attend classes online have access to many educational resources and learn how to manage their time and self-discipline. Students who have the required tools and access to a reliable internet connection may determine their learning speed. Teachers can merely instruct their pupils in virtual classrooms regarding online education. As long as they have sufficient access to an internet connection, students may effortlessly access educational resources from any location. Teachers who teach online can access various online learning resources, including virtual whiteboards, conference rooms, audio and video files, animations, and live conversations with the students.

– Online classes are convenient because you can attend them from the comfort of your home, and a few courses also provide lecture recordings that you can look up at any time.

– They are affordable compared to offline classes because the institute saves infrastructure costs, and you can save money on commute.

– They are more comfortable for those with social anxiety because they can turn off the video and audio if they like.

– At the same time, it can foster more interaction; if people are not comfortable with asking in front of people, they can do it here in a confidential manner.

– Online learning has a little less sense of community which can lead to a feeling of isolation.

– It also requires self-discipline; because there is no accountability in online classes, people tend to lack self-discipline and miss classes more than usual.

– Online classes are prone to technical issues with audio, video, and connectivity.

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Offline Education

The traditional counterpart to online learning is offline learning, the first way for students to interact regularly in person with their peers and professors. Offline learning is unaffected by technical issues and offers fantastic opportunities for students to establish and follow a strict regimen. Additionally, offline instruction allows teachers to see their students’ responses and behavior and intervene as necessary. As a result, offline education will always be crucial to students’ development regardless of how sophisticated online education grows.

– Offline classes are less distracting due to classroom engagement.

– Increased classroom engagement makes the environment dynamic, leading to healthy competition among students. Interaction among students often results in better learning.

– The fact that offline education promotes teacher-student contact and goes beyond standard lectures is a crucial benefit. Interaction prompts inquiries about a topic, which encourages further investigation and learning—the student’s attention span increases in engaging sessions. Additionally, students’ attention spans were longer when they used social networking sites less frequently.

– Teachers can get to know their students better through offline learning. In addition, understanding what their pupils think helps teachers create engaging lessons. Therefore, there are more opportunities when curricula are adapted to students’ needs.

– We are all aware of how important extracurricular activities are, and that offline learning is the best way to support them.

– The institutions for offline lessons are all at the same place, and each student has to find a special means to get there. The additional travel and preparation time costs money and takes away from time that may be spent on independent study.

– Because the timings are fixed, offline lessons have little room for flexibility.

– In addition to the cost of tuition, boarding, and travel expenses to campuses, an offline study is a costly form of learning, as we previously said.

– In today’s fast-developing industry, students who have obtained their education offline may be disadvantaged due to a lack of exposure to technology.

– When studying offline, you must first locate a suitable institution and determine your enrollment eligibility. Additionally, admission is contingent on meeting their requirements. There are so many requirements to enter an offline institute that it is difficult to learn. People sometimes have trouble finding the classes they want to enroll in, which is a problem since it forces them to study something they don’t want to do out of necessity.

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Which One Should You Choose?

– Teachers in online classrooms can access many online learning resources, including audio, video, animations, virtual whiteboards, conference rooms, and live student conversations. On the other hand, offline classes provide students with a hands-on learning experience inside an actual classroom.

– One of their biggest benefits is accessing online courses from anywhere in the world. Students may access study materials from their homes’ convenience by logging in from any location. On the other hand, students must travel to the location of their academic institution for offline lectures.

– Students who enroll in online courses struggle with time management severely. Because online classes allow for self-paced learning, some students may lack a fixed study schedule and develop a procrastinating habits. Students in offline courses must adhere to a strict program set by the instructors. Students are less likely to be distracted inside a real classroom, and children learn to finish their homework on time.

– Online lessons have the significant advantage of being flexible. Since they can access video recordings and online reading material, students may attend classes when convenient. There is some rigidity when it comes to offline schooling. Students must arrive on time for lectures and other classes. Students are thus compelled to follow a predetermined and strict schedule set by their educational institution.

– Online instruction is only theoretical and takes place online. This makes it challenging for students to engage in hands-on learning activities, which are also essential components of education. Instead of online classes, offline classes provide a stimulating environment that combines academic and real-world learning. You may learn more quickly and adapt to everyday situations and barriers with practical knowledge, which also helps you understand lessons better.

How Does Online Education Differ from Offline Education?

Mode of learning.

Online classes use live video apps, digital content, and other resources. Students can access classes from anywhere in the world. They can connect with teachers and peers through the team app used for conducting live online classes. They need only a computer with an Internet connection to join online classes.

Offline classes are the traditional learning systems that require students to join classrooms in person. All students know this learning system as they go through it for most of their formal education. This system is location-bound, so students must travel to the educational institution to attend the class. Few schools and colleges operate in sparsely populated areas, so students travel long distances to attend classes at these places. Offline classes are held in physical classrooms, and some form of digital content is now used to augment offline education.

Structured Schedule

Live online classes have fixed schedules. Some courses do not have any live online classes, and students can study the course materials at their preferred time. Students of online classes sometimes face time management issues as the responsibility of studying lies with them. They may not feel motivated at times and skip their regular online study. No senior person is there to supervise and ensure they are studying.

Some students can go slow when they can study at their own pace. Studying online without supervision makes it difficult to follow a disciplined learning schedule. Learners can start checking social media and other online content during their study time, affecting the education results.

Offline traditional education is structured and confined to a physical classroom. There are no distractions here as everything is designed to ensure students focus on learning and the teacher focuses on teaching. The classroom environment is ideal for learning as the place is dedicated to education. The structured education schedule ensures a better learning experience. Students must follow the schedules of the curriculum, homework, and projects.

Practical Exercises

Students of online classes do not have any way to participate in practical classes. They cannot work on projects that offer hands-on experience. However, some online classes take a hybrid approach, where theoretical concepts are delivered through online classes while practical classes are held offline.

In the offline education system, students face no difficulty attending practical classes. They can practice in the lab under the guidance of their lab instructor or teacher and participate in practical projects that require group coordination with other students. Some courses require students to visit workplaces, project sites, or specific places around the city. All such practical projects are possible in offline education.

Technical Requirements

Online classes are dependent on electronic devices like computers. Students need Internet services to access their online classes and course content. Sometimes, there can be technical issues, causing problems for students who cannot solve such problems on their own. Online education is not possible in places where Internet service is unavailable.

Offline classes do not face many technical issues as teachers educate students from their knowledge and book content. However, most educational institutions now use electronic devices and digital content to impart education. Classrooms have smart boards, and teachers use computers and software programs to teach and assess students. Most offline education providers are ready to handle occasional technical issues with these systems.

Interaction with the Teachers

With online classes, interaction with the teachers depends on the type of class. Students connect with teachers through an online video platform for a live online class. At the same time, some live online classes have lots of students learning simultaneously. In such a case, the teacher cannot interact with so many students.

Offline classes are highly interactive with face-to-face student-teacher interaction. Unless a class has many students, teachers interact with the students, ask questions, clear doubts, share ideas, hold discussions, and provide feedback. This engaging education system delivers a better learning experience for students.

Different Types of Online and Offline Classes

Online class options include:

Real-Time Classes

Students must attend these classes on fixed schedules. The live online classes try to imitate the traditional classroom setting. The difference is that in a live online class, students and the teacher come together in a virtual classroom.

Non-Live Online Classes

Students in this setup receive course materials they can study according to their learning schedule. The classes have no fixed schedule, but the course has a fixed duration. This learning system works well for working professionals, those with busy schedules, and those living in a different time zone than the course provider.

One-to-One Online Classes

One teacher connects with one student only in this system. It is the most expensive online learning system, popular mainly for private tuition up to the undergraduate level.

Types of Offline Classes

Traditional classes.

All students are aware of this offline traditional education system. They visit the educational institution to attend their class. A teacher, professor, or instructor teaches them in a face-to-face setting. This traditional education system remains the preferred way to acquire knowledge and skills.

Practical Classes

These classes are held to impart practical knowledge to students. They can work on projects that require their physical presence to carry out experiments or participation in the activity.

Hybrid Classes

Many online education programs use this option to cover the course’s theoretical and practical aspects. In this setup, online classes are reserved for theoretical learning, while practical classes are held in an offline setting that requires students to attend the class in person.

Online vs Offline Education : Comparison Table

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After analyzing everything mentioned above, you can determine what works best for you and choose that. Both offline and online education have pros and cons, so deciding what works for you is crucial before enrolling in either.

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Online classes vs offline classes – A detailed comparison!

Online learning is not a very new concept. It has been around for some time now. The biggest reason behind the online learning revolution is the pandemic and the advancement of technology and connectivity. Conventional methods of schooling, or learning for that matter, have been the gold standard for quite some time now. It has remained the same since the early days of education itself. Some say that offline classes are better than online classes while others say that it’s all the same. So, what is the difference between online and offline education or is there a difference at all?

Online classes vs offline classes:

Advantages of online learning:

Learn from anywhere

The biggest advantage of signing up for online classes is that you can literally learn from anywhere you like. There is no compulsion on you to go to a physical classroom or have any such prerequisites other than having your tab or PC with you along with a good internet connection. With BYJU’S app , you can even get most of your learning material preloaded and hence helps with not having an internet connection all the time. With online learning, you have the freedom to learn from the peaceful confines of your room in a digital classroom .

No more being stuck in traffic jams

Going for private tuitions or classes outside demands a lot of energy and time. The commute up and down will take away a huge part of your time and not to mention the risks associated with travel and the energy you end up draining in the process. You can better utilise this time for more productive activities by learning something new or revising what you learned earlier, should you opt for online learning.

Saves you a lot of time

Online learning makes use of multiple tools to help you understand concepts and analyse your performance. With the help of BYJU’S App students can now understand complex concepts much better and also recall them easily. This is possible because of the use of multimedia and technology. With an inbuilt access to a library of information students can now view everything as and how they like. This tech-oriented approach to learning has helped students save a lot of time and their testimonials are living proof for this.

Access to great visual tools for faster learning

Visual learning has become the centerpiece of the online learning revolution. The way in which technology has helped ease learning by making use of great graphical elements and videos has never been this good. Visual learning tools have been very helpful in grabbing the attention of learners for a long duration of time. This focus also benefits the students by helping them pick up more concepts in a pretty short period of time.

Highly skilled mentors and teachers

With physical learning, mentors and teachers have to be present in the classroom on location and only a limited number of students could benefit from this. Now, with learning going online, students can virtually be present inside the classrooms of some of the best teachers in the industry. This has immensely benefited students by placing them in the classrooms of the best teachers out there.

Great flexibility with convenience

Online learning offers a tremendous amount of flexibility and convenience. When learning at school you can get your doubts cleared only when you are with your teacher. Whereas online learning helps you revisit your topics and playback videos again and again until you have thoroughly understood the concepts. Moreover there are no time constraints. You are free to choose a time for all your learning activities.

Better focus

Most of us face a serious focus deficit when learning something. This leads to poor performance and could lead to a serious lack of interest as well. Online learning tools are very effective in capturing the attention of students. Students are able to push through portions much more easily and cover vast volumes in relatively short periods of time. Videos and graphical presentations have all helped in achieving this. All it takes is a pair of headphones to block all the distractions in the surroundings.

Doubt resolution

Resolving doubts in a conventional classroom is only possible when the student is present in the classroom. Whereas in an online learning environment, students can resolve their doubts quite easily either by accessing the required content or directly interacting with their teachers and mentors. BYJU’S app provides students with the best doubt resolution systems through it’s app. BYJU’S online classes give students one-on-one mentor guidance and help facilitate instant doubt resolution.

Great networking prospects

In an online classroom you can find a larger number of students just like you who can be approached for discussions and combined studies. Access to forums also helps with clearing doubts.

In years to come online learning programmes are expected to grow exponentially. With technological advancements and improvements in digital connectivity this form of learning will have reached even the remotest parts of the world. BYJU’S is a global player in this field with highly effective online learning programmes for students in all age groups.

To find out more about the online learning programmes at BYJU’S follow the link . Which one do you prefer online or offline classes and why? Leave your comments below!

About the Author

Rohit is someone who fell in love with the word – change. And if there is one thing that he hates, it’s a boring and repetitive life. He loves learning new things and believes that it is a lifelong process. He also enjoys research, reading and reducing most things that he comes across to numbers!

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A Comparison of Student Learning Outcomes: Online Education vs. Traditional Classroom Instruction

Despite the prevalence of online learning today, it is often viewed as a less favorable option when compared to the traditional, in-person educational experience. Criticisms of online learning come from various sectors, like employer groups, college faculty, and the general public, and generally includes a lack of perceived quality as well as rigor. Additionally, some students report feelings of social isolation in online learning (Protopsaltis & Baum, 2019).

In my experience as an online student as well as an online educator, online learning has been just the opposite. I have been teaching in a fully online master’s degree program for the last three years and have found it to be a rich and rewarding experience for students and faculty alike. As an instructor, I have felt more connected to and engaged with my online students when compared to in-person students. I have also found that students are actively engaged with course content and demonstrate evidence of higher-order thinking through their work. Students report high levels of satisfaction with their experiences in online learning as well as the program overall as indicated in their Student Evaluations of Teaching (SET) at the end of every course. I believe that intelligent course design, in addition to my engagement in professional development related to teaching and learning online, has greatly influenced my experience.

In an article by Wiley Education Services, authors identified the top six challenges facing US institutions of higher education, and include:

Declining student enrollment
Financial difficulties
Fewer high school graduates
Decreased state funding
Lower world rankings
Declining international student enrollments

Of the strategies that institutions are exploring to remedy these issues, online learning is reported to be a key focus for many universities (“Top Challenges Facing US Higher Education”, n.d.).

Babson Survey Research Group, 2016, [PDF file].

Some of the questions I would like to explore in further research include:

What factors influence engagement and connection in distance education?
Are the learning outcomes in online education any different than the outcomes achieved in a traditional classroom setting?
How do course design and instructor training influence these factors?
In what ways might educational technology tools enhance the overall experience for students and instructors alike?

In this literature review, I have chosen to focus on a comparison of student learning outcomes in online education versus the traditional classroom setting. My hope is that this research will unlock the answers to some of the additional questions posed above and provide additional direction for future research.

Online Learning Defined

According to Mayadas, Miller, and Sener (2015), online courses are defined by all course activity taking place online with no required in-person sessions or on-campus activity. It is important to note, however, that the Babson Survey Research Group, a prominent organization known for their surveys and research in online learning, defines online learning as a course in which 80-100% occurs online. While this distinction was made in an effort to provide consistency in surveys year over year, most institutions continue to define online learning as learning that occurs 100% online.

Blended or hybrid learning is defined by courses that mix face to face meetings, sessions, or activities with online work. The ratio of online to classroom activity is often determined by the label in which the course is given. For example, a blended classroom course would likely include more time spent in the classroom, with the remaining work occurring outside of the classroom with the assistance of technology. On the other hand, a blended online course would contain a greater percentage of work done online, with some required in-person sessions or meetings (Mayadas, Miller, & Sener, 2015).

A classroom course (also referred to as a traditional course) refers to course activity that is anchored to a regular meeting time.

Enrollment Trends in Online Education

There has been an upward trend in the number of postsecondary students enrolled in online courses in the U.S. since 2002. A report by the Babson Survey Research Group showed that in 2016, more than six million students were enrolled in at least one online course. This number accounted for 31.6% of all college students (Seaman, Allen, & Seaman, 2018). Approximately one in three students are enrolled in online courses with no in-person component. Of these students, 47% take classes in a fully online program. The remaining 53% take some, but not all courses online (Protopsaltis & Baum, 2019).

(Seaman et al., 2016, p. 11)

Perceptions of Online Education

In a 2016 report by the Babson Survey Research Group, surveys of faculty between 2002-2015 showed approval ratings regarding the value and legitimacy of online education ranged from 28-34 percent. While numbers have increased and decreased over the thirteen-year time frame, faculty approval was at 29 percent in 2015, just 1 percent higher than the approval ratings noted in 2002 – indicating that perceptions have remained relatively unchanged over the years (Allen, Seaman, Poulin, & Straut, 2016).

(Allen, I.E., Seaman, J., Poulin, R., Taylor Strout, T., 2016, p. 26)

In a separate survey of chief academic officers, perceptions of online learning appeared to align with that of faculty. In this survey, leaders were asked to rate their perceived quality of learning outcomes in online learning when compared to traditional in-person settings. While the percentage of leaders rating online learning as “inferior” or “somewhat inferior” to traditional face-to-face courses dropped from 43 percent to 23 percent between 2003 to 2012, the number rose again to 29 percent in 2015 (Allen, Seaman, Poulin, & Straut, 2016).

Faculty and academic leaders in higher education are not alone when it comes to perceptions of inferiority when compared to traditional classroom instruction. A 2013 Gallop poll assessing public perceptions showed that respondents rated online education as “worse” in five of the seven categories seen in the table below.

(Saad, L., Busteed, B., and Ogisi, M., 2013, October 15)

In general, Americans believed that online education provides both lower quality and less individualized instruction and less rigorous testing and grading when compared to the traditional classroom setting. In addition, respondents also thought that employers would perceive a degree from an online program less positively when compared to a degree obtained through traditional classroom instruction (Saad, Busteed, & Ogisi, 2013).

Student Perceptions of Online Learning

So what do students have to say about online learning? In Online College Students 2015: Comprehensive Data on Demands and Preferences, 1500 college students who were either enrolled or planning to enroll in a fully online undergraduate, graduate, or certificate program were surveyed. 78 percent of students believed the academic quality of their online learning experience to be better than or equal to their experiences with traditional classroom learning. Furthermore, 30 percent of online students polled said that they would likely not attend classes face to face if their program were not available online (Clienfelter & Aslanian, 2015). The following video describes some of the common reasons why students choose to attend college online.

How Online Learning Affects the Lives of Students ( Pearson North America, 2018, June 25)

In a 2015 study comparing student perceptions of online learning with face to face learning, researchers found that the majority of students surveyed expressed a preference for traditional face to face classes. A content analysis of the findings, however, brought attention to two key ideas: 1) student opinions of online learning may be based on “old typology of distance education” (Tichavsky, et al, 2015, p.6) as opposed to actual experience, and 2) a student’s inclination to choose one form over another is connected to issues of teaching presence and self-regulated learning (Tichavsky et al, 2015).

Student Learning Outcomes

Given the upward trend in student enrollment in online courses in postsecondary schools and the steady ratings of the low perceived value of online learning by stakeholder groups, it should be no surprise that there is a large body of literature comparing student learning outcomes in online classes to the traditional classroom environment.

While a majority of the studies reviewed found no significant difference in learning outcomes when comparing online to traditional courses (Cavanaugh & Jacquemin, 2015; Kemp & Grieve, 2014; Lyke & Frank 2012; Nichols, Shaffer, & Shockey, 2003; Stack, 2015; Summers, Waigandt, & Whittaker, 2005), there were a few outliers. In a 2019 report by Protopsaltis & Baum, authors confirmed that while learning is often found to be similar between the two mediums, students “with weak academic preparation and those from low-income and underrepresented backgrounds consistently underperform in fully-online environments” (Protopsaltis & Baum, 2019, n.p.). An important consideration, however, is that these findings are primarily based on students enrolled in online courses at the community college level – a demographic with a historically high rate of attrition compared to students attending four-year institutions (Ashby, Sadera, & McNary, 2011). Furthermore, students enrolled in online courses have been shown to have a 10 – 20 percent increase in attrition over their peers who are enrolled in traditional classroom instruction (Angelino, Williams, & Natvig, 2007). Therefore, attrition may be a key contributor to the lack of achievement seen in this subgroup of students enrolled in online education.

In contrast, there were a small number of studies that showed that online students tend to outperform those enrolled in traditional classroom instruction. One study, in particular, found a significant difference in test scores for students enrolled in an online, undergraduate business course. The confounding variable, in this case, was age. Researchers found a significant difference in performance in nontraditional age students over their traditional age counterparts. Authors concluded that older students may elect to take online classes for practical reasons related to outside work schedules, and this may, in turn, contribute to the learning that occurs overall (Slover & Mandernach, 2018).

In a meta-analysis and review of online learning spanning the years 1996 to 2008, authors from the US Department of Education found that students who took all or part of their classes online showed better learning outcomes than those students who took the same courses face-to-face. In these cases, it is important to note that there were many differences noted in the online and face-to-face versions, including the amount of time students spent engaged with course content. The authors concluded that the differences in learning outcomes may be attributed to learning design as opposed to the specific mode of delivery (Means, Toyoma, Murphy, Bakia, Jones, 2009).

Limitations and Opportunities

After examining the research comparing student learning outcomes in online education with the traditional classroom setting, there are many limitations that came to light, creating areas of opportunity for additional research. In many of the studies referenced, it is difficult to determine the pedagogical practices used in course design and delivery. Research shows the importance of student-student and student-teacher interaction in online learning, and the positive impact of these variables on student learning (Bernard, Borokhovski, Schmid, Tamim, & Abrami, 2014). Some researchers note that while many studies comparing online and traditional classroom learning exist, the methodologies and design issues make it challenging to explain the results conclusively (Mollenkopf, Vu, Crow, & Black, 2017). For example, some online courses may be structured in a variety of ways, i.e. self-paced, instructor-led and may be classified as synchronous or asynchronous (Moore, Dickson-Deane, Galyan, 2011)

Another gap in the literature is the failure to use a common language across studies to define the learning environment. This issue is explored extensively in a 2011 study by Moore, Dickson-Deane, and Galyan. Here, the authors examine the differences between e-learning, online learning, and distance learning in the literature, and how the terminology is often used interchangeably despite the variances in characteristics that define each. The authors also discuss the variability in the terms “course” versus “program”. This variability in the literature presents a challenge when attempting to compare one study of online learning to another (Moore, Dickson-Deane, & Galyan, 2011).

Finally, much of the literature in higher education focuses on undergraduate-level classes within the United States. Little research is available on outcomes in graduate-level classes as well as general information on student learning outcomes and perceptions of online learning outside of the U.S.

As we look to the future, there are additional questions to explore in the area of online learning. Overall, this research led to questions related to learning design when comparing the two modalities in higher education. Further research is needed to investigate the instructional strategies used to enhance student learning, especially in students with weaker academic preparation or from underrepresented backgrounds. Given the integral role that online learning is expected to play in the future of higher education in the United States, it may be even more critical to move beyond comparisons of online versus face to face. Instead, choosing to focus on sound pedagogical quality with consideration for the mode of delivery as a means for promoting positive learning outcomes.

Allen, I.E., Seaman, J., Poulin, R., & Straut, T. (2016). Online Report Card: Tracking Online Education in the United States [PDF file]. Babson Survey Research Group. http://onlinelearningsurvey.com/reports/onlinereportcard.pdf

Angelino, L. M., Williams, F. K., & Natvig, D. (2007). Strategies to engage online students and reduce attrition rates. The Journal of Educators Online , 4(2).

Ashby, J., Sadera, W.A., & McNary, S.W. (2011). Comparing student success between developmental math courses offered online, blended, and face-to-face. Journal of Interactive Online Learning , 10(3), 128-140.

Bernard, R.M., Borokhovski, E., Schmid, R.F., Tamim, R.M., & Abrami, P.C. (2014). A meta-analysis of blended learning and technology use in higher education: From the general to the applied. Journal of Computing in Higher Education , 26(1), 87-122.

Cavanaugh, J.K. & Jacquemin, S.J. (2015). A large sample comparison of grade based student learning outcomes in online vs. face-fo-face courses. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Network, 19(2).

Clinefelter, D. L., & Aslanian, C. B. (2015). Online college students 2015: Comprehensive data on demands and preferences. https://www.learninghouse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/OnlineCollegeStudents2015.pdf

Golubovskaya, E.A., Tikhonova, E.V., & Mekeko, N.M. (2019). Measuring learning outcome and students’ satisfaction in ELT (e-learning against conventional learning). Paper presented the ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 34-38. Doi: 10.1145/3337682.3337704

Kemp, N. & Grieve, R. (2014). Face-to-face or face-to-screen? Undergraduates’ opinions and test performance in classroom vs. online learning. Frontiers in Psychology , 5. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01278

Lyke, J., & Frank, M. (2012). Comparison of student learning outcomes in online and traditional classroom environments in a psychology course. (Cover story). Journal of Instructional Psychology , 39(3/4), 245-250.

Mayadas, F., Miller, G. & Senner, J. Definitions of E-Learning Courses and Programs Version 2.0. Online Learning Consortium. https://onlinelearningconsortium.org/updated-e-learning-definitions-2/

Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones, K. (2010). Evaluation of evidence-based practices in online learning: A meta-analysis and review of online learning studies. US Department of Education. https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport.pdf

Mollenkopf, D., Vu, P., Crow, S, & Black, C. (2017). Does online learning deliver? A comparison of student teacher outcomes from candidates in face to face and online program pathways. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration. 20(1).

Moore, J.L., Dickson-Deane, C., & Galyan, K. (2011). E-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? The Internet and Higher Education . 14(2), 129-135.

Nichols, J., Shaffer, B., & Shockey, K. (2003). Changing the face of instruction: Is online or in-class more effective?  College & Research Libraries , 64(5), 378–388. https://doi-org.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/10.5860/crl.64.5.378

Parsons-Pollard, N., Lacks, T.R., & Grant, P.H. (2008). A comparative assessment of student learning outcomes in large online and traditional campus based introduction to criminal justice courses. Criminal Justice Studies , 2, 225-239.

Pearson North America. (2018, June 25). How Online Learning Affects the Lives of Students . YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPDMagf_oAE

Protopsaltis, S., & Baum, S. (2019). Does online education live up to its promise? A look at the evidence and implications for federal policy [PDF file]. http://mason.gmu.edu/~sprotops/OnlineEd.pdf

Saad, L., Busteed, B., & Ogisi, M. (October 15, 2013). In U.S., Online Education Rated Best for Value and Options. https://news.gallup.com/poll/165425/online-education-rated-best-value-options.aspx

Stack, S. (2015). Learning Outcomes in an Online vs Traditional Course.  International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning , 9(1).

Seaman, J.E., Allen, I.E., & Seaman, J. (2018). Grade Increase: Tracking Distance Education in the United States [PDF file]. Babson Survey Research Group. http://onlinelearningsurvey.com/reports/gradeincrease.pdf

Slover, E. & Mandernach, J. (2018). Beyond Online versus Face-to-Face Comparisons: The Interaction of Student Age and Mode of Instruction on Academic Achievement. Journal of Educators Online, 15(1) . https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1168945.pdf

Summers, J., Waigandt, A., & Whittaker, T. (2005). A Comparison of Student Achievement and Satisfaction in an Online Versus a Traditional Face-to-Face Statistics Class.  Innovative Higher Education , 29(3), 233–250. https://doi-org.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/10.1007/s10755-005-1938-x

Tichavsky, L.P., Hunt, A., Driscoll, A., & Jicha, K. (2015). “It’s just nice having a real teacher”: Student perceptions of online versus face-to-face instruction. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. 9(2).

Wiley Education Services. (n.d.). Top challenges facing U.S. higher education. https://edservices.wiley.com/top-higher-education-challenges/

July 17, 2020

Online Learning

college , distance education , distance learning , face to face , higher education , online learning , postsecondary , traditional learning , university , virtual learning

Online and face‐to‐face learning: Evidence from students’ performance during the Covid‐19 pandemic

Carolyn chisadza.

1 Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Hatfield South Africa

Matthew Clance

Thulani mthembu.

2 Department of Education Innovation, University of Pretoria, Hatfield South Africa

Nicky Nicholls

Eleni yitbarek.

This study investigates the factors that predict students' performance after transitioning from face‐to‐face to online learning as a result of the Covid‐19 pandemic. It uses students' responses from survey questions and the difference in the average assessment grades between pre‐lockdown and post‐lockdown at a South African university. We find that students' performance was positively associated with good wifi access, relative to using mobile internet data. We also observe lower academic performance for students who found transitioning to online difficult and who expressed a preference for self‐study (i.e. reading through class slides and notes) over assisted study (i.e. joining live lectures or watching recorded lectures). The findings suggest that improving digital infrastructure and reducing the cost of internet access may be necessary for mitigating the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on education outcomes.

1. INTRODUCTION

The Covid‐19 pandemic has been a wake‐up call to many countries regarding their capacity to cater for mass online education. This situation has been further complicated in developing countries, such as South Africa, who lack the digital infrastructure for the majority of the population. The extended lockdown in South Africa saw most of the universities with mainly in‐person teaching scrambling to source hardware (e.g. laptops, internet access), software (e.g. Microsoft packages, data analysis packages) and internet data for disadvantaged students in order for the semester to recommence. Not only has the pandemic revealed the already stark inequality within the tertiary student population, but it has also revealed that high internet data costs in South Africa may perpetuate this inequality, making online education relatively inaccessible for disadvantaged students. 1

The lockdown in South Africa made it possible to investigate the changes in second‐year students' performance in the Economics department at the University of Pretoria. In particular, we are interested in assessing what factors predict changes in students' performance after transitioning from face‐to‐face (F2F) to online learning. Our main objectives in answering this study question are to establish what study materials the students were able to access (i.e. slides, recordings, or live sessions) and how students got access to these materials (i.e. the infrastructure they used).

The benefits of education on economic development are well established in the literature (Gyimah‐Brempong, 2011 ), ranging from health awareness (Glick et al., 2009 ), improved technological innovations, to increased capacity development and employment opportunities for the youth (Anyanwu, 2013 ; Emediegwu, 2021 ). One of the ways in which inequality is perpetuated in South Africa, and Africa as a whole, is through access to education (Anyanwu, 2016 ; Coetzee, 2014 ; Tchamyou et al., 2019 ); therefore, understanding the obstacles that students face in transitioning to online learning can be helpful in ensuring more equal access to education.

Using students' responses from survey questions and the difference in the average grades between pre‐lockdown and post‐lockdown, our findings indicate that students' performance in the online setting was positively associated with better internet access. Accessing assisted study material, such as narrated slides or recordings of the online lectures, also helped students. We also find lower academic performance for students who reported finding transitioning to online difficult and for those who expressed a preference for self‐study (i.e. reading through class slides and notes) over assisted study (i.e. joining live lectures or watching recorded lectures). The average grades between pre‐lockdown and post‐lockdown were about two points and three points lower for those who reported transitioning to online teaching difficult and for those who indicated a preference for self‐study, respectively. The findings suggest that improving the quality of internet infrastructure and providing assisted learning can be beneficial in reducing the adverse effects of the Covid‐19 pandemic on learning outcomes.

Our study contributes to the literature by examining the changes in the online (post‐lockdown) performance of students and their F2F (pre‐lockdown) performance. This approach differs from previous studies that, in most cases, use between‐subject designs where one group of students following online learning is compared to a different group of students attending F2F lectures (Almatra et al., 2015 ; Brown & Liedholm, 2002 ). This approach has a limitation in that that there may be unobserved characteristics unique to students choosing online learning that differ from those choosing F2F lectures. Our approach avoids this issue because we use a within‐subject design: we compare the performance of the same students who followed F2F learning Before lockdown and moved to online learning during lockdown due to the Covid‐19 pandemic. Moreover, the study contributes to the limited literature that compares F2F and online learning in developing countries.

Several studies that have also compared the effectiveness of online learning and F2F classes encounter methodological weaknesses, such as small samples, not controlling for demographic characteristics, and substantial differences in course materials and assessments between online and F2F contexts. To address these shortcomings, our study is based on a relatively large sample of students and includes demographic characteristics such as age, gender and perceived family income classification. The lecturer and course materials also remained similar in the online and F2F contexts. A significant proportion of our students indicated that they never had online learning experience before. Less than 20% of the students in the sample had previous experience with online learning. This highlights the fact that online education is still relatively new to most students in our sample.

Given the global experience of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), 2 with rapidly accelerating technological progress, South Africa needs to be prepared for the possibility of online learning becoming the new norm in the education system. To this end, policymakers may consider engaging with various organizations (schools, universities, colleges, private sector, and research facilities) To adopt interventions that may facilitate the transition to online learning, while at the same time ensuring fair access to education for all students across different income levels. 3

1.1. Related literature

Online learning is a form of distance education which mainly involves internet‐based education where courses are offered synchronously (i.e. live sessions online) and/or asynchronously (i.e. students access course materials online in their own time, which is associated with the more traditional distance education). On the other hand, traditional F2F learning is real time or synchronous learning. In a physical classroom, instructors engage with the students in real time, while in the online format instructors can offer real time lectures through learning management systems (e.g. Blackboard Collaborate), or record the lectures for the students to watch later. Purely online courses are offered entirely over the internet, while blended learning combines traditional F2F classes with learning over the internet, and learning supported by other technologies (Nguyen, 2015 ).

Moreover, designing online courses requires several considerations. For example, the quality of the learning environment, the ease of using the learning platform, the learning outcomes to be achieved, instructor support to assist and motivate students to engage with the course material, peer interaction, class participation, type of assessments (Paechter & Maier, 2010 ), not to mention training of the instructor in adopting and introducing new teaching methods online (Lundberg et al., 2008 ). In online learning, instructors are more facilitators of learning. On the other hand, traditional F2F classes are structured in such a way that the instructor delivers knowledge, is better able to gauge understanding and interest of students, can engage in class activities, and can provide immediate feedback on clarifying questions during the class. Additionally, the designing of traditional F2F courses can be less time consuming for instructors compared to online courses (Navarro, 2000 ).

Online learning is also particularly suited for nontraditional students who require flexibility due to work or family commitments that are not usually associated with the undergraduate student population (Arias et al., 2018 ). Initially the nontraditional student belonged to the older adult age group, but with blended learning becoming more commonplace in high schools, colleges and universities, online learning has begun to traverse a wider range of age groups. However, traditional F2F classes are still more beneficial for learners that are not so self‐sufficient and lack discipline in working through the class material in the required time frame (Arias et al., 2018 ).

For the purpose of this literature review, both pure online and blended learning are considered to be online learning because much of the evidence in the literature compares these two types against the traditional F2F learning. The debate in the literature surrounding online learning versus F2F teaching continues to be a contentious one. A review of the literature reveals mixed findings when comparing the efficacy of online learning on student performance in relation to the traditional F2F medium of instruction (Lundberg et al., 2008 ; Nguyen, 2015 ). A number of studies conducted Before the 2000s find what is known today in the empirical literature as the “No Significant Difference” phenomenon (Russell & International Distance Education Certificate Center (IDECC), 1999 ). The seminal work from Russell and IDECC ( 1999 ) involved over 350 comparative studies on online/distance learning versus F2F learning, dating back to 1928. The author finds no significant difference overall between online and traditional F2F classroom education outcomes. Subsequent studies that followed find similar “no significant difference” outcomes (Arbaugh, 2000 ; Fallah & Ubell, 2000 ; Freeman & Capper, 1999 ; Johnson et al., 2000 ; Neuhauser, 2002 ). While Bernard et al. ( 2004 ) also find that overall there is no significant difference in achievement between online education and F2F education, the study does find significant heterogeneity in student performance for different activities. The findings show that students in F2F classes outperform the students participating in synchronous online classes (i.e. classes that require online students to participate in live sessions at specific times). However, asynchronous online classes (i.e. students access class materials at their own time online) outperform F2F classes.

More recent studies find significant results for online learning outcomes in relation to F2F outcomes. On the one hand, Shachar and Yoram ( 2003 ) and Shachar and Neumann ( 2010 ) conduct a meta‐analysis of studies from 1990 to 2009 and find that in 70% of the cases, students taking courses by online education outperformed students in traditionally instructed courses (i.e. F2F lectures). In addition, Navarro and Shoemaker ( 2000 ) observe that learning outcomes for online learners are as effective as or better than outcomes for F2F learners, regardless of background characteristics. In a study on computer science students, Dutton et al. ( 2002 ) find online students perform significantly better compared to the students who take the same course on campus. A meta‐analysis conducted by the US Department of Education finds that students who took all or part of their course online performed better, on average, than those taking the same course through traditional F2F instructions. The report also finds that the effect sizes are larger for studies in which the online learning was collaborative or instructor‐driven than in those studies where online learners worked independently (Means et al., 2010 ).

On the other hand, evidence by Brown and Liedholm ( 2002 ) based on test scores from macroeconomics students in the United States suggest that F2F students tend to outperform online students. These findings are supported by Coates et al. ( 2004 ) who base their study on macroeconomics students in the United States, and Xu and Jaggars ( 2014 ) who find negative effects for online students using a data set of about 500,000 courses taken by over 40,000 students in Washington. Furthermore, Almatra et al. ( 2015 ) compare overall course grades between online and F2F students for a Telecommunications course and find that F2F students significantly outperform online learning students. In an experimental study where students are randomly assigned to attend live lectures versus watching the same lectures online, Figlio et al. ( 2013 ) observe some evidence that the traditional format has a positive effect compared to online format. Interestingly, Callister and Love ( 2016 ) specifically compare the learning outcomes of online versus F2F skills‐based courses and find that F2F learners earned better outcomes than online learners even when using the same technology. This study highlights that some of the inconsistencies that we find in the results comparing online to F2F learning might be influenced by the nature of the course: theory‐based courses might be less impacted by in‐person interaction than skills‐based courses.

The fact that the reviewed studies on the effects of F2F versus online learning on student performance have been mainly focused in developed countries indicates the dearth of similar studies being conducted in developing countries. This gap in the literature may also highlight a salient point: online learning is still relatively underexplored in developing countries. The lockdown in South Africa therefore provides us with an opportunity to contribute to the existing literature from a developing country context.

2. CONTEXT OF STUDY

South Africa went into national lockdown in March 2020 due to the Covid‐19 pandemic. Like most universities in the country, the first semester for undergraduate courses at the University of Pretoria had already been running since the start of the academic year in February. Before the pandemic, a number of F2F lectures and assessments had already been conducted in most courses. The nationwide lockdown forced the university, which was mainly in‐person teaching, to move to full online learning for the remainder of the semester. This forced shift from F2F teaching to online learning allows us to investigate the changes in students' performance.

Before lockdown, classes were conducted on campus. During lockdown, these live classes were moved to an online platform, Blackboard Collaborate, which could be accessed by all registered students on the university intranet (“ClickUP”). However, these live online lectures involve substantial internet data costs for students. To ensure access to course content for those students who were unable to attend the live online lectures due to poor internet connections or internet data costs, several options for accessing course content were made available. These options included prerecorded narrated slides (which required less usage of internet data), recordings of the live online lectures, PowerPoint slides with explanatory notes and standard PDF lecture slides.

At the same time, the university managed to procure and loan out laptops to a number of disadvantaged students, and negotiated with major mobile internet data providers in the country for students to have free access to study material through the university's “connect” website (also referred to as the zero‐rated website). However, this free access excluded some video content and live online lectures (see Table 1 ). The university also provided between 10 and 20 gigabytes of mobile internet data per month, depending on the network provider, sent to students' mobile phones to assist with internet data costs.

Sites available on zero‐rated website

Note : The table summarizes the sites that were available on the zero‐rated website and those that incurred data costs.

High data costs continue to be a contentious issue in Africa where average incomes are low. Gilbert ( 2019 ) reports that South Africa ranked 16th of the 45 countries researched in terms of the most expensive internet data in Africa, at US$6.81 per gigabyte, in comparison to other Southern African countries such as Mozambique (US$1.97), Zambia (US$2.70), and Lesotho (US$4.09). Internet data prices have also been called into question in South Africa after the Competition Commission published a report from its Data Services Market Inquiry calling the country's internet data pricing “excessive” (Gilbert, 2019 ).

3. EMPIRICAL APPROACH

We use a sample of 395 s‐year students taking a macroeconomics module in the Economics department to compare the effects of F2F and online learning on students' performance using a range of assessments. The module was an introduction to the application of theoretical economic concepts. The content was both theory‐based (developing economic growth models using concepts and equations) and skill‐based (application involving the collection of data from online data sources and analyzing the data using statistical software). Both individual and group assignments formed part of the assessments. Before the end of the semester, during lockdown in June 2020, we asked the students to complete a survey with questions related to the transition from F2F to online learning and the difficulties that they may have faced. For example, we asked the students: (i) how easy or difficult they found the transition from F2F to online lectures; (ii) what internet options were available to them and which they used the most to access the online prescribed work; (iii) what format of content they accessed and which they preferred the most (i.e. self‐study material in the form of PDF and PowerPoint slides with notes vs. assisted study with narrated slides and lecture recordings); (iv) what difficulties they faced accessing the live online lectures, to name a few. Figure 1 summarizes the key survey questions that we asked the students regarding their transition from F2F to online learning.

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Summary of survey data

Before the lockdown, the students had already attended several F2F classes and completed three assessments. We are therefore able to create a dependent variable that is comprised of the average grades of three assignments taken before lockdown and the average grades of three assignments taken after the start of the lockdown for each student. Specifically, we use the difference between the post‐ and pre‐lockdown average grades as the dependent variable. However, the number of student observations dropped to 275 due to some students missing one or more of the assessments. The lecturer, content and format of the assessments remain similar across the module. We estimate the following equation using ordinary least squares (OLS) with robust standard errors:

where Y i is the student's performance measured by the difference between the post and pre‐lockdown average grades. B represents the vector of determinants that measure the difficulty faced by students to transition from F2F to online learning. This vector includes access to the internet, study material preferred, quality of the online live lecture sessions and pre‐lockdown class attendance. X is the vector of student demographic controls such as race, gender and an indicator if the student's perceived family income is below average. The ε i is unobserved student characteristics.

4. ANALYSIS

4.1. descriptive statistics.

Table 2 gives an overview of the sample of students. We find that among the black students, a higher proportion of students reported finding the transition to online learning more difficult. On the other hand, more white students reported finding the transition moderately easy, as did the other races. According to Coetzee ( 2014 ), the quality of schools can vary significantly between higher income and lower‐income areas, with black South Africans far more likely to live in lower‐income areas with lower quality schools than white South Africans. As such, these differences in quality of education from secondary schooling can persist at tertiary level. Furthermore, persistent income inequality between races in South Africa likely means that many poorer black students might not be able to afford wifi connections or large internet data bundles which can make the transition difficult for black students compared to their white counterparts.

Descriptive statistics

Notes : The transition difficulty variable was ordered 1: Very Easy; 2: Moderately Easy; 3: Difficult; and 4: Impossible. Since we have few responses to the extremes, we combined Very Easy and Moderately as well as Difficult and Impossible to make the table easier to read. The table with a full breakdown is available upon request.

A higher proportion of students reported that wifi access made the transition to online learning moderately easy. However, relatively more students reported that mobile internet data and accessing the zero‐rated website made the transition difficult. Surprisingly, not many students made use of the zero‐rated website which was freely available. Figure 2 shows that students who reported difficulty transitioning to online learning did not perform as well in online learning versus F2F when compared to those that found it less difficult to transition.

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Transition from F2F to online learning.

Notes : This graph shows the students' responses to the question “How easy did you find the transition from face‐to‐face lectures to online lectures?” in relation to the outcome variable for performance

In Figure 3 , the kernel density shows that students who had access to wifi performed better than those who used mobile internet data or the zero‐rated data.

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Access to online learning.

Notes : This graph shows the students' responses to the question “What do you currently use the most to access most of your prescribed work?” in relation to the outcome variable for performance

The regression results are reported in Table 3 . We find that the change in students' performance from F2F to online is negatively associated with the difficulty they faced in transitioning from F2F to online learning. According to student survey responses, factors contributing to difficulty in transitioning included poor internet access, high internet data costs and lack of equipment such as laptops or tablets to access the study materials on the university website. Students who had access to wifi (i.e. fixed wireless broadband, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) or optic fiber) performed significantly better, with on average 4.5 points higher grade, in relation to students that had to use mobile internet data (i.e. personal mobile internet data, wifi at home using mobile internet data, or hotspot using mobile internet data) or the zero‐rated website to access the study materials. The insignificant results for the zero‐rated website are surprising given that the website was freely available and did not incur any internet data costs. However, most students in this sample complained that the internet connection on the zero‐rated website was slow, especially in uploading assignments. They also complained about being disconnected when they were in the middle of an assessment. This may have discouraged some students from making use of the zero‐rated website.

Results: Predictors for student performance using the difference on average assessment grades between pre‐ and post‐lockdown

Coefficients reported. Robust standard errors in parentheses.

∗∗∗ p < .01.

Students who expressed a preference for self‐study approaches (i.e. reading PDF slides or PowerPoint slides with explanatory notes) did not perform as well, on average, as students who preferred assisted study (i.e. listening to recorded narrated slides or lecture recordings). This result is in line with Means et al. ( 2010 ), where student performance was better for online learning that was collaborative or instructor‐driven than in cases where online learners worked independently. Interestingly, we also observe that the performance of students who often attended in‐person classes before the lockdown decreased. Perhaps these students found the F2F lectures particularly helpful in mastering the course material. From the survey responses, we find that a significant proportion of the students (about 70%) preferred F2F to online lectures. This preference for F2F lectures may also be linked to the factors contributing to the difficulty some students faced in transitioning to online learning.

We find that the performance of low‐income students decreased post‐lockdown, which highlights another potential challenge to transitioning to online learning. The picture and sound quality of the live online lectures also contributed to lower performance. Although this result is not statistically significant, it is worth noting as the implications are linked to the quality of infrastructure currently available for students to access online learning. We find no significant effects of race on changes in students' performance, though males appeared to struggle more with the shift to online teaching than females.

For the robustness check in Table 4 , we consider the average grades of the three assignments taken after the start of the lockdown as a dependent variable (i.e. the post‐lockdown average grades for each student). We then include the pre‐lockdown average grades as an explanatory variable. The findings and overall conclusions in Table 4 are consistent with the previous results.

Robustness check: Predictors for student performance using the average assessment grades for post‐lockdown

As a further robustness check in Table 5 , we create a panel for each student across the six assignment grades so we can control for individual heterogeneity. We create a post‐lockdown binary variable that takes the value of 1 for the lockdown period and 0 otherwise. We interact the post‐lockdown dummy variable with a measure for transition difficulty and internet access. The internet access variable is an indicator variable for mobile internet data, wifi, or zero‐rated access to class materials. The variable wifi is a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the student has access to wifi and 0 otherwise. The zero‐rated variable is a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the student used the university's free portal access and 0 otherwise. We also include assignment and student fixed effects. The results in Table 5 remain consistent with our previous findings that students who had wifi access performed significantly better than their peers.

Interaction model

Notes : Coefficients reported. Robust standard errors in parentheses. The dependent variable is the assessment grades for each student on each assignment. The number of observations include the pre‐post number of assessments multiplied by the number of students.

6. CONCLUSION

The Covid‐19 pandemic left many education institutions with no option but to transition to online learning. The University of Pretoria was no exception. We examine the effect of transitioning to online learning on the academic performance of second‐year economic students. We use assessment results from F2F lectures before lockdown, and online lectures post lockdown for the same group of students, together with responses from survey questions. We find that the main contributor to lower academic performance in the online setting was poor internet access, which made transitioning to online learning more difficult. In addition, opting to self‐study (read notes instead of joining online classes and/or watching recordings) did not help the students in their performance.

The implications of the results highlight the need for improved quality of internet infrastructure with affordable internet data pricing. Despite the university's best efforts not to leave any student behind with the zero‐rated website and free monthly internet data, the inequality dynamics in the country are such that invariably some students were negatively affected by this transition, not because the student was struggling academically, but because of inaccessibility of internet (wifi). While the zero‐rated website is a good collaborative initiative between universities and network providers, the infrastructure is not sufficient to accommodate mass students accessing it simultaneously.

This study's findings may highlight some shortcomings in the academic sector that need to be addressed by both the public and private sectors. There is potential for an increase in the digital divide gap resulting from the inequitable distribution of digital infrastructure. This may lead to reinforcement of current inequalities in accessing higher education in the long term. To prepare the country for online learning, some considerations might need to be made to make internet data tariffs more affordable and internet accessible to all. We hope that this study's findings will provide a platform (or will at least start the conversation for taking remedial action) for policy engagements in this regard.

We are aware of some limitations presented by our study. The sample we have at hand makes it difficult to extrapolate our findings to either all students at the University of Pretoria or other higher education students in South Africa. Despite this limitation, our findings highlight the negative effect of the digital divide on students' educational outcomes in the country. The transition to online learning and the high internet data costs in South Africa can also have adverse learning outcomes for low‐income students. With higher education institutions, such as the University of Pretoria, integrating online teaching to overcome the effect of the Covid‐19 pandemic, access to stable internet is vital for students' academic success.

It is also important to note that the data we have at hand does not allow us to isolate wifi's causal effect on students' performance post‐lockdown due to two main reasons. First, wifi access is not randomly assigned; for instance, there is a high chance that students with better‐off family backgrounds might have better access to wifi and other supplementary infrastructure than their poor counterparts. Second, due to the university's data access policy and consent, we could not merge the data at hand with the student's previous year's performance. Therefore, future research might involve examining the importance of these elements to document the causal impact of access to wifi on students' educational outcomes in the country.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors acknowledge the helpful comments received from the editor, the anonymous reviewers, and Elizabeth Asiedu.

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1 https://mybroadband.co.za/news/cellular/309693-mobile-data-prices-south-africa-vs-the-world.html .

2 The 4IR is currently characterized by increased use of new technologies, such as advanced wireless technologies, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, robotics, among others. This era has also facilitated the use of different online learning platforms ( https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-fourth-industrialrevolution-and-digitization-will-transform-africa-into-a-global-powerhouse/ ).

3 Note that we control for income, but it is plausible to assume other unobservable factors such as parental preference and parenting style might also affect access to the internet of students.

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Comparative Essay Example: In-Person vs. Online Learning

As technology advances, the way of living changes in all aspects. A major change that is occurring is the opportunity for students to attend in-person schooling, physically sitting at a desk along with other students, or learning online. The best way to learn is unique to the individual student, and whether learning is virtually or face-to-face, there will be many similarities and differences. The better fit for a student might be one they never considered would work for them. When evaluating the form of learning, it is important to look at the environment: resources, teaching style, flexibility, teachers, and structure.

There are many similarities between in-person and online learning. To start, both types of classroom settings have access to many resources: tutors, teacher conferences, or extra study material. An example could be the Chemeketa writing center which offers meetings in person or virtually (College). In both forms of learning one could find many opportunities for extracurricular activities or clubs. The student can decide to arrange themselves to either scenario with a wide range of attendance options. A recent example of that would be a past parent theatre meeting, where those who could not make it in person to the auditorium, had the chance to attend via zoom. Another resemblance in learning would be the type of materials that teachers instruct their students with, which is overall the same. This could include, assignments and test material. The workload remains roughly the same as well. Although there are many similarities between in-person classes and online learning, they become different when it comes to the social aspect.

In a classroom, students have the chance to learn with an active teaching style--one not easily offered through an online setting. Students during in-person learning, voluntarily participate in group discussions, while online learning is mainly silent zoom sessions. This is mainly because circumstances have changed for remote learning to happen and students’ lack of willingness to communicate to a screen (Morin). Human interaction is essential “in assisting the learner to organize their thoughts, reflect on their understanding, and find gaps in their reasoning,” although most of it is found through a physical classroom setting (Okita). Along with easier learning for group discussions, the more people participate, the wider the range of perspectives will be. While in-person learning primarily has a structured schedule that only requires the student to complete work on certain days, self-directed skills are necessary to successfully pass online courses. Despite the distinct differences between the learning environments, there are positives to both sides.

One essential resemblance for remote earning and face-to-face would be the teachers or professors. They adapt and learn new techniques to engage their students. The instructor directing the students throughout all the material is what allows both resources to work. During in-person learning teaching could use more methods and experiments; in online learning, there are more virtual labs and videos. They both give out different information but are essential for each. For example during online learning, a teacher’s material could look like, recorded lectures, Youtube videos, or online assignments. The pace a student learns during either learning setting is dependent on the teacher. Ultimately, it is teachers who during online and virtual classes direct the information needed for students to learn.

Another main difference stems from availability and flexibility for both ways of learning. In-person is more of a fixed environment, which can also limit the number of people attending. Students who go in person are required to go to class and meet attendance daily. Because of the difficulty to schedule around the school for students who work full time, it becomes an inconvenience to ever have free time. For a smaller classroom setting the maximum number of students is no more than 25 in one place. Online that number can significantly increase and allow for more students to participate. This can also include students from a variety of locations around the world, where all they need is the internet to connect. There is a great deal of flexibility offered, in contrast to in-person learning with a strict schedule. Some students prefer an online setting because of the flexibility of the hours.

It is important to evaluate the needs of individual students and not make a decision about how a child learns lightly. Both forms of learning have positives and negatives. For strong, individualists students, remote learning would be a better option. For students who need physical, human interaction to learn, then in-person learning could be a better fit. It is important to evaluate the essential needs of students like resources or preferred ways to learn.

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Original research article, a comparative analysis of student performance in an online vs. face-to-face environmental science course from 2009 to 2016.

Department of Biology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States

A growing number of students are now opting for online classes. They find the traditional classroom modality restrictive, inflexible, and impractical. In this age of technological advancement, schools can now provide effective classroom teaching via the Web. This shift in pedagogical medium is forcing academic institutions to rethink how they want to deliver their course content. The overarching purpose of this research was to determine which teaching method proved more effective over the 8-year period. The scores of 548 students, 401 traditional students and 147 online students, in an environmental science class were used to determine which instructional modality generated better student performance. In addition to the overarching objective, we also examined score variabilities between genders and classifications to determine if teaching modality had a greater impact on specific groups. No significant difference in student performance between online and face-to-face (F2F) learners overall, with respect to gender, or with respect to class rank were found. These data demonstrate the ability to similarly translate environmental science concepts for non-STEM majors in both traditional and online platforms irrespective of gender or class rank. A potential exists for increasing the number of non-STEM majors engaged in citizen science using the flexibility of online learning to teach environmental science core concepts.

Introduction

The advent of online education has made it possible for students with busy lives and limited flexibility to obtain a quality education. As opposed to traditional classroom teaching, Web-based instruction has made it possible to offer classes worldwide through a single Internet connection. Although it boasts several advantages over traditional education, online instruction still has its drawbacks, including limited communal synergies. Still, online education seems to be the path many students are taking to secure a degree.

This study compared the effectiveness of online vs. traditional instruction in an environmental studies class. Using a single indicator, we attempted to see if student performance was effected by instructional medium. This study sought to compare online and F2F teaching on three levels—pure modality, gender, and class rank. Through these comparisons, we investigated whether one teaching modality was significantly more effective than the other. Although there were limitations to the study, this examination was conducted to provide us with additional measures to determine if students performed better in one environment over another ( Mozes-Carmel and Gold, 2009 ).

The methods, procedures, and operationalization tools used in this assessment can be expanded upon in future quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method designs to further analyze this topic. Moreover, the results of this study serve as a backbone for future meta-analytical studies.

Origins of Online Education

Computer-assisted instruction is changing the pedagogical landscape as an increasing number of students are seeking online education. Colleges and universities are now touting the efficiencies of Web-based education and are rapidly implementing online classes to meet student needs worldwide. One study reported “increases in the number of online courses given by universities have been quite dramatic over the last couple of years” ( Lundberg et al., 2008 ). Think tanks are also disseminating statistics on Web-based instruction. “In 2010, the Sloan Consortium found a 17% increase in online students from the years before, beating the 12% increase from the previous year” ( Keramidas, 2012 ).

Contrary to popular belief, online education is not a new phenomenon. The first correspondence and distance learning educational programs were initiated in the mid-1800s by the University of London. This model of educational learning was dependent on the postal service and therefore wasn't seen in American until the later Nineteenth century. It was in 1873 when what is considered the first official correspondence educational program was established in Boston, Massachusetts known as the “Society to Encourage Home Studies.” Since then, non-traditional study has grown into what it is today considered a more viable online instructional modality. Technological advancement indubitably helped improve the speed and accessibility of distance learning courses; now students worldwide could attend classes from the comfort of their own homes.

Qualities of Online and Traditional Face to Face (F2F) Classroom Education

Online and traditional education share many qualities. Students are still required to attend class, learn the material, submit assignments, and complete group projects. While teachers, still have to design curriculums, maximize instructional quality, answer class questions, motivate students to learn, and grade assignments. Despite these basic similarities, there are many differences between the two modalities. Traditionally, classroom instruction is known to be teacher-centered and requires passive learning by the student, while online instruction is often student-centered and requires active learning.

In teacher-centered, or passive learning, the instructor usually controls classroom dynamics. The teacher lectures and comments, while students listen, take notes, and ask questions. In student-centered, or active learning, the students usually determine classroom dynamics as they independently analyze the information, construct questions, and ask the instructor for clarification. In this scenario, the teacher, not the student, is listening, formulating, and responding ( Salcedo, 2010 ).

In education, change comes with questions. Despite all current reports championing online education, researchers are still questioning its efficacy. Research is still being conducted on the effectiveness of computer-assisted teaching. Cost-benefit analysis, student experience, and student performance are now being carefully considered when determining whether online education is a viable substitute for classroom teaching. This decision process will most probably carry into the future as technology improves and as students demand better learning experiences.

Thus far, “literature on the efficacy of online courses is expansive and divided” ( Driscoll et al., 2012 ). Some studies favor traditional classroom instruction, stating “online learners will quit more easily” and “online learning can lack feedback for both students and instructors” ( Atchley et al., 2013 ). Because of these shortcomings, student retention, satisfaction, and performance can be compromised. Like traditional teaching, distance learning also has its apologists who aver online education produces students who perform as well or better than their traditional classroom counterparts ( Westhuis et al., 2006 ).

The advantages and disadvantages of both instructional modalities need to be fully fleshed out and examined to truly determine which medium generates better student performance. Both modalities have been proven to be relatively effective, but, as mentioned earlier, the question to be asked is if one is truly better than the other.

Student Need for Online Education

With technological advancement, learners now want quality programs they can access from anywhere and at any time. Because of these demands, online education has become a viable, alluring option to business professionals, stay-at home-parents, and other similar populations. In addition to flexibility and access, multiple other face value benefits, including program choice and time efficiency, have increased the attractiveness of distance learning ( Wladis et al., 2015 ).

First, prospective students want to be able to receive a quality education without having to sacrifice work time, family time, and travel expense. Instead of having to be at a specific location at a specific time, online educational students have the freedom to communicate with instructors, address classmates, study materials, and complete assignments from any Internet-accessible point ( Richardson and Swan, 2003 ). This type of flexibility grants students much-needed mobility and, in turn, helps make the educational process more enticing. According to Lundberg et al. (2008) “the student may prefer to take an online course or a complete online-based degree program as online courses offer more flexible study hours; for example, a student who has a job could attend the virtual class watching instructional film and streaming videos of lectures after working hours.”

Moreover, more study time can lead to better class performance—more chapters read, better quality papers, and more group project time. Studies on the relationship between study time and performance are limited; however, it is often assumed the online student will use any surplus time to improve grades ( Bigelow, 2009 ). It is crucial to mention the link between flexibility and student performance as grades are the lone performance indicator of this research.

Second, online education also offers more program choices. With traditional classroom study, students are forced to take courses only at universities within feasible driving distance or move. Web-based instruction, on the other hand, grants students electronic access to multiple universities and course offerings ( Salcedo, 2010 ). Therefore, students who were once limited to a few colleges within their immediate area can now access several colleges worldwide from a single convenient location.

Third, with online teaching, students who usually don't participate in class may now voice their opinions and concerns. As they are not in a classroom setting, quieter students may feel more comfortable partaking in class dialogue without being recognized or judged. This, in turn, may increase average class scores ( Driscoll et al., 2012 ).

Benefits of Face-to-Face (F2F) Education via Traditional Classroom Instruction

The other modality, classroom teaching, is a well-established instructional medium in which teaching style and structure have been refined over several centuries. Face-to-face instruction has numerous benefits not found in its online counterpart ( Xu and Jaggars, 2016 ).

First and, perhaps most importantly, classroom instruction is extremely dynamic. Traditional classroom teaching provides real-time face-to-face instruction and sparks innovative questions. It also allows for immediate teacher response and more flexible content delivery. Online instruction dampens the learning process because students must limit their questions to blurbs, then grant the teacher and fellow classmates time to respond ( Salcedo, 2010 ). Over time, however, online teaching will probably improve, enhancing classroom dynamics and bringing students face-to face with their peers/instructors. However, for now, face-to-face instruction provides dynamic learning attributes not found in Web-based teaching ( Kemp and Grieve, 2014 ).

Second, traditional classroom learning is a well-established modality. Some students are opposed to change and view online instruction negatively. These students may be technophobes, more comfortable with sitting in a classroom taking notes than sitting at a computer absorbing data. Other students may value face-to-face interaction, pre and post-class discussions, communal learning, and organic student-teacher bonding ( Roval and Jordan, 2004 ). They may see the Internet as an impediment to learning. If not comfortable with the instructional medium, some students may shun classroom activities; their grades might slip and their educational interest might vanish. Students, however, may eventually adapt to online education. With more universities employing computer-based training, students may be forced to take only Web-based courses. Albeit true, this doesn't eliminate the fact some students prefer classroom intimacy.

Third, face-to-face instruction doesn't rely upon networked systems. In online learning, the student is dependent upon access to an unimpeded Internet connection. If technical problems occur, online students may not be able to communicate, submit assignments, or access study material. This problem, in turn, may frustrate the student, hinder performance, and discourage learning.

Fourth, campus education provides students with both accredited staff and research libraries. Students can rely upon administrators to aid in course selection and provide professorial recommendations. Library technicians can help learners edit their papers, locate valuable study material, and improve study habits. Research libraries may provide materials not accessible by computer. In all, the traditional classroom experience gives students important auxiliary tools to maximize classroom performance.

Fifth, traditional classroom degrees trump online educational degrees in terms of hiring preferences. Many academic and professional organizations do not consider online degrees on par with campus-based degrees ( Columbaro and Monaghan, 2009 ). Often, prospective hiring bodies think Web-based education is a watered-down, simpler means of attaining a degree, often citing poor curriculums, unsupervised exams, and lenient homework assignments as detriments to the learning process.

Finally, research shows online students are more likely to quit class if they do not like the instructor, the format, or the feedback. Because they work independently, relying almost wholly upon self-motivation and self-direction, online learners may be more inclined to withdraw from class if they do not get immediate results.

The classroom setting provides more motivation, encouragement, and direction. Even if a student wanted to quit during the first few weeks of class, he/she may be deterred by the instructor and fellow students. F2F instructors may be able to adjust the structure and teaching style of the class to improve student retention ( Kemp and Grieve, 2014 ). With online teaching, instructors are limited to electronic correspondence and may not pick-up on verbal and non-verbal cues.

Both F2F and online teaching have their pros and cons. More studies comparing the two modalities to achieve specific learning outcomes in participating learner populations are required before well-informed decisions can be made. This study examined the two modalities over eight (8) years on three different levels. Based on the aforementioned information, the following research questions resulted.

RQ1: Are there significant differences in academic performance between online and F2F students enrolled in an environmental science course?

RQ2: Are there gender differences between online and F2F student performance in an environmental science course?

RQ3: Are there significant differences between the performance of online and F2F students in an environmental science course with respect to class rank?

The results of this study are intended to edify teachers, administrators, and policymakers on which medium may work best.

Methodology

Participants.

The study sample consisted of 548 FVSU students who completed the Environmental Science class between 2009 and 2016. The final course grades of the participants served as the primary comparative factor in assessing performance differences between online and F2F instruction. Of the 548 total participants, 147 were online students while 401 were traditional students. This disparity was considered a limitation of the study. Of the 548 total students, 246 were male, while 302 were female. The study also used students from all four class ranks. There were 187 freshmen, 184 sophomores, 76 juniors, and 101 seniors. This was a convenience, non-probability sample so the composition of the study set was left to the discretion of the instructor. No special preferences or weights were given to students based upon gender or rank. Each student was considered a single, discrete entity or statistic.

All sections of the course were taught by a full-time biology professor at FVSU. The professor had over 10 years teaching experience in both classroom and F2F modalities. The professor was considered an outstanding tenured instructor with strong communication and management skills.

The F2F class met twice weekly in an on-campus classroom. Each class lasted 1 h and 15 min. The online class covered the same material as the F2F class, but was done wholly on-line using the Desire to Learn (D2L) e-learning system. Online students were expected to spend as much time studying as their F2F counterparts; however, no tracking measure was implemented to gauge e-learning study time. The professor combined textbook learning, lecture and class discussion, collaborative projects, and assessment tasks to engage students in the learning process.

This study did not differentiate between part-time and full-time students. Therefore, many part-time students may have been included in this study. This study also did not differentiate between students registered primarily at FVSU or at another institution. Therefore, many students included in this study may have used FVSU as an auxiliary institution to complete their environmental science class requirement.

Test Instruments

In this study, student performance was operationalized by final course grades. The final course grade was derived from test, homework, class participation, and research project scores. The four aforementioned assessments were valid and relevant; they were useful in gauging student ability and generating objective performance measurements. The final grades were converted from numerical scores to traditional GPA letters.

Data Collection Procedures

The sample 548 student grades were obtained from FVSU's Office of Institutional Research Planning and Effectiveness (OIRPE). The OIRPE released the grades to the instructor with the expectation the instructor would maintain confidentiality and not disclose said information to third parties. After the data was obtained, the instructor analyzed and processed the data though SPSS software to calculate specific values. These converted values were subsequently used to draw conclusions and validate the hypothesis.

Summary of the Results: The chi-square analysis showed no significant difference in student performance between online and face-to-face (F2F) learners [χ 2 (4, N = 548) = 6.531, p > 0.05]. The independent sample t -test showed no significant difference in student performance between online and F2F learners with respect to gender [ t (145) = 1.42, p = 0.122]. The 2-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in student performance between online and F2F learners with respect to class rank ( Girard et al., 2016 ).

Research question #1 was to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between the academic performance of online and F2F students.

Research Question 1

The first research question investigated if there was a difference in student performance between F2F and online learners.

To investigate the first research question, we used a traditional chi-square method to analyze the data. The chi-square analysis is particularly useful for this type of comparison because it allows us to determine if the relationship between teaching modality and performance in our sample set can be extended to the larger population. The chi-square method provides us with a numerical result which can be used to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Table 1 shows us the mean and SD for modality and for gender. It is a general breakdown of numbers to visually elucidate any differences between scores and deviations. The mean GPA for both modalities is similar with F2F learners scoring a 69.35 and online learners scoring a 68.64. Both groups had fairly similar SDs. A stronger difference can be seen between the GPAs earned by men and women. Men had a 3.23 mean GPA while women had a 2.9 mean GPA. The SDs for both groups were almost identical. Even though the 0.33 numerical difference may look fairly insignificant, it must be noted that a 3.23 is approximately a B+ while a 2.9 is approximately a B. Given a categorical range of only A to F, a plus differential can be considered significant.

Table 1 . Means and standard deviations for 8 semester- “Environmental Science data set.”

The mean grade for men in the environmental online classes ( M = 3.23, N = 246, SD = 1.19) was higher than the mean grade for women in the classes ( M = 2.9, N = 302, SD = 1.20) (see Table 1 ).

First, a chi-square analysis was performed using SPSS to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in grade distribution between online and F2F students. Students enrolled in the F2F class had the highest percentage of A's (63.60%) as compared to online students (36.40%). Table 2 displays grade distribution by course delivery modality. The difference in student performance was statistically significant, χ 2 (4, N = 548) = 6.531, p > 0.05. Table 3 shows the gender difference on student performance between online and F2F students.

Table 2 . Contingency table for student's academic performance ( N = 548).

Table 3 . Gender * performance crosstabulation.

Table 2 shows us the performance measures of online and F2F students by grade category. As can be seen, F2F students generated the highest performance numbers for each grade category. However, this disparity was mostly due to a higher number of F2F students in the study. There were 401 F2F students as opposed to just 147 online students. When viewing grades with respect to modality, there are smaller percentage differences between respective learners ( Tanyel and Griffin, 2014 ). For example, F2F learners earned 28 As (63.60% of total A's earned) while online learners earned 16 As (36.40% of total A's earned). However, when viewing the A grade with respect to total learners in each modality, it can be seen that 28 of the 401 F2F students (6.9%) earned As as compared to 16 of 147 (10.9%) online learners. In this case, online learners scored relatively higher in this grade category. The latter measure (grade total as a percent of modality total) is a better reflection of respective performance levels.

Given a critical value of 7.7 and a d.f. of 4, we were able to generate a chi-squared measure of 6.531. The correlating p -value of 0.163 was greater than our p -value significance level of 0.05. We, therefore, had to accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative hypothesis. There is no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of performance scores.

Research Question 2

The second research question was posed to evaluate if there was a difference between online and F2F varied with gender. Does online and F2F student performance vary with respect to gender? Table 3 shows the gender difference on student performance between online and face to face students. We used chi-square test to determine if there were differences in online and F2F student performance with respect to gender. The chi-square test with alpha equal to 0.05 as criterion for significance. The chi-square result shows that there is no statistically significant difference between men and women in terms of performance.

Research Question 3

The third research question tried to determine if there was a difference between online and F2F varied with respect to class rank. Does online and F2F student performance vary with respect to class rank?

Table 4 shows the mean scores and standard deviations of freshman, sophomore, and junior and senior students for both online and F2F student performance. To test the third hypothesis, we used a two-way ANOVA. The ANOVA is a useful appraisal tool for this particular hypothesis as it tests the differences between multiple means. Instead of testing specific differences, the ANOVA generates a much broader picture of average differences. As can be seen in Table 4 , the ANOVA test for this particular hypothesis states there is no significant difference between online and F2F learners with respect to class rank. Therefore, we must accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative hypothesis.

Table 4 . Descriptive analysis of student performance by class rankings gender.

The results of the ANOVA show there is no significant difference in performance between online and F2F students with respect to class rank. Results of ANOVA is presented in Table 5 .

Table 5 . Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for online and F2F of class rankings.

As can be seen in Table 4 , the ANOVA test for this particular hypothesis states there is no significant difference between online and F2F learners with respect to class rank. Therefore, we must accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative hypothesis.

Discussion and Social Implications

The results of the study show there is no significant difference in performance between online and traditional classroom students with respect to modality, gender, or class rank in a science concepts course for non-STEM majors. Although there were sample size issues and study limitations, this assessment shows both online learners and classroom learners perform at the same level. This conclusion indicates teaching modality may not matter as much as other factors. Given the relatively sparse data on pedagogical modality comparison given specific student population characteristics, this study could be considered innovative. In the current literature, we have not found a study of this nature comparing online and F2F non-STEM majors with respect to three separate factors—medium, gender, and class rank—and the ability to learn science concepts and achieve learning outcomes. Previous studies have compared traditional classroom learning vs. F2F learning for other factors (including specific courses, costs, qualitative analysis, etcetera, but rarely regarding outcomes relevant to population characteristics of learning for a specific science concepts course over many years) ( Liu, 2005 ).

In a study evaluating the transformation of a graduate level course for teachers, academic quality of the online course and learning outcomes were evaluated. The study evaluated the ability of course instructors to design the course for online delivery and develop various interactive multimedia models at a cost-savings to the respective university. The online learning platform proved effective in translating information where tested students successfully achieved learning outcomes comparable to students taking the F2F course ( Herman and Banister, 2007 ).

Another study evaluated the similarities and differences in F2F and online learning in a non-STEM course, “Foundations of American Education” and overall course satisfaction by students enrolled in either of the two modalities. F2F and online course satisfaction was qualitatively and quantitative analyzed. However, in analyzing online and F2F course feedback using quantitative feedback, online course satisfaction was less than F2F satisfaction. When qualitative data was used, course satisfaction was similar between modalities ( Werhner, 2010 ). The course satisfaction data and feedback was used to suggest a number of posits for effective online learning in the specific course. The researcher concluded that there was no difference in the learning success of students enrolled in the online vs. F2F course, stating that “in terms of learning, students who apply themselves diligently should be successful in either format” ( Dell et al., 2010 ). The author's conclusion presumes that the “issues surrounding class size are under control and that the instructor has a course load that makes the intensity of the online course workload feasible” where the authors conclude that the workload for online courses is more than for F2F courses ( Stern, 2004 ).

In “A Meta-Analysis of Three Types of Interaction Treatments in Distance Education,” Bernard et al. (2009) conducted a meta-analysis evaluating three types of instructional and/or media conditions designed into distance education (DE) courses known as interaction treatments (ITs)—student–student (SS), student–teacher (ST), or student–content (SC) interactions—to other DE instructional/interaction treatments. The researchers found that a strong association existed between the integration of these ITs into distance education courses and achievement compared with blended or F2F modalities of learning. The authors speculated that this was due to increased cognitive engagement based in these three interaction treatments ( Larson and Sung, 2009 ).

Other studies evaluating students' preferences (but not efficacy) for online vs. F2F learning found that students prefer online learning when it was offered, depending on course topic, and online course technology platform ( Ary and Brune, 2011 ). F2F learning was preferred when courses were offered late morning or early afternoon 2–3 days/week. A significant preference for online learning resulted across all undergraduate course topics (American history and government, humanities, natural sciences, social, and behavioral sciences, diversity, and international dimension) except English composition and oral communication. A preference for analytical and quantitative thought courses was also expressed by students, though not with statistically significant results ( Mann and Henneberry, 2014 ). In this research study, we looked at three hypothesis comparing online and F2F learning. In each case, the null hypothesis was accepted. Therefore, at no level of examination did we find a significant difference between online and F2F learners. This finding is important because it tells us traditional-style teaching with its heavy emphasis on interpersonal classroom dynamics may 1 day be replaced by online instruction. According to Daymont and Blau (2008) online learners, regardless of gender or class rank, learn as much from electronic interaction as they do from personal interaction. Kemp and Grieve (2014) also found that both online and F2F learning for psychology students led to similar academic performance. Given the cost efficiencies and flexibility of online education, Web-based instructional systems may rapidly rise.

A number of studies support the economic benefits of online vs. F2F learning, despite differences in social constructs and educational support provided by governments. In a study by Li and Chen (2012) higher education institutions benefit the most from two of four outputs—research outputs and distance education—with teaching via distance education at both the undergraduate and graduate levels more profitable than F2F teaching at higher education institutions in China. Zhang and Worthington (2017) reported an increasing cost benefit for the use of distance education over F2F instruction as seen at 37 Australian public universities over 9 years from 2003 to 2012. Maloney et al. (2015) and Kemp and Grieve (2014) also found significant savings in higher education when using online learning platforms vs. F2F learning. In the West, the cost efficiency of online learning has been demonstrated by several research studies ( Craig, 2015 ). Studies by Agasisti and Johnes (2015) and Bartley and Golek (2004) both found the cost benefits of online learning significantly greater than that of F2F learning at U.S. institutions.

Knowing there is no significant difference in student performance between the two mediums, institutions of higher education may make the gradual shift away from traditional instruction; they may implement Web-based teaching to capture a larger worldwide audience. If administered correctly, this shift to Web-based teaching could lead to a larger buyer population, more cost efficiencies, and more university revenue.

The social implications of this study should be touted; however, several concerns regarding generalizability need to be taken into account. First, this study focused solely on students from an environmental studies class for non-STEM majors. The ability to effectively prepare students for scientific professions without hands-on experimentation has been contended. As a course that functions to communicate scientific concepts, but does not require a laboratory based component, these results may not translate into similar performance of students in an online STEM course for STEM majors or an online course that has an online laboratory based co-requisite when compared to students taking traditional STEM courses for STEM majors. There are few studies that suggest the landscape may be changing with the ability to effectively train students in STEM core concepts via online learning. Biel and Brame (2016) reported successfully translating the academic success of F2F undergraduate biology courses to online biology courses. However, researchers reported that of the large-scale courses analyzed, two F2F sections outperformed students in online sections, and three found no significant difference. A study by Beale et al. (2014) comparing F2F learning with hybrid learning in an embryology course found no difference in overall student performance. Additionally, the bottom quartile of students showed no differential effect of the delivery method on examination scores. Further, a study from Lorenzo-Alvarez et al. (2019) found that radiology education in an online learning platform resulted in similar academic outcomes as F2F learning. Larger scale research is needed to determine the effectiveness of STEM online learning and outcomes assessments, including workforce development results.

In our research study, it is possible the study participants may have been more knowledgeable about environmental science than about other subjects. Therefore, it should be noted this study focused solely on students taking this one particular class. Given the results, this course presents a unique potential for increasing the number of non-STEM majors engaged in citizen science using the flexibility of online learning to teach environmental science core concepts.

Second, the operationalization measure of “grade” or “score” to determine performance level may be lacking in scope and depth. The grades received in a class may not necessarily show actual ability, especially if the weights were adjusted to heavily favor group tasks and writing projects. Other performance indicators may be better suited to properly access student performance. A single exam containing both multiple choice and essay questions may be a better operationalization indicator of student performance. This type of indicator will provide both a quantitative and qualitative measure of subject matter comprehension.

Third, the nature of the student sample must be further dissected. It is possible the online students in this study may have had more time than their counterparts to learn the material and generate better grades ( Summers et al., 2005 ). The inverse holds true, as well. Because this was a convenience non-probability sampling, the chances of actually getting a fair cross section of the student population were limited. In future studies, greater emphasis must be placed on selecting proper study participants, those who truly reflect proportions, types, and skill levels.

This study was relevant because it addressed an important educational topic; it compared two student groups on multiple levels using a single operationalized performance measure. More studies, however, of this nature need to be conducted before truly positing that online and F2F teaching generate the same results. Future studies need to eliminate spurious causal relationships and increase generalizability. This will maximize the chances of generating a definitive, untainted results. This scientific inquiry and comparison into online and traditional teaching will undoubtedly garner more attention in the coming years.

Our study compared learning via F2F vs. online learning modalities in teaching an environmental science course additionally evaluating factors of gender and class rank. These data demonstrate the ability to similarly translate environmental science concepts for non-STEM majors in both traditional and online platforms irrespective of gender or class rank. The social implications of this finding are important for advancing access to and learning of scientific concepts by the general population, as many institutions of higher education allow an online course to be taken without enrolling in a degree program. Thus, the potential exists for increasing the number of non-STEM majors engaged in citizen science using the flexibility of online learning to teach environmental science core concepts.

Limitations of the Study

The limitations of the study centered around the nature of the sample group, student skills/abilities, and student familiarity with online instruction. First, because this was a convenience, non-probability sample, the independent variables were not adjusted for real-world accuracy. Second, student intelligence and skill level were not taken into consideration when separating out comparison groups. There exists the possibility that the F2F learners in this study may have been more capable than the online students and vice versa. This limitation also applies to gender and class rank differences ( Friday et al., 2006 ). Finally, there may have been ease of familiarity issues between the two sets of learners. Experienced traditional classroom students now taking Web-based courses may be daunted by the technical aspect of the modality. They may not have had the necessary preparation or experience to efficiently e-learn, thus leading to lowered scores ( Helms, 2014 ). In addition to comparing online and F2F instructional efficacy, future research should also analyze blended teaching methods for the effectiveness of courses for non-STEM majors to impart basic STEM concepts and see if the blended style is more effective than any one pure style.

Data Availability Statement

The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author.

Ethics Statement

The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Fort Valley State University Human Subjects Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.

Author Contributions

JP provided substantial contributions to the conception of the work, acquisition and analysis of data for the work, and is the corresponding author on this paper who agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. FJ provided substantial contributions to the design of the work, interpretation of the data for the work, and revised it critically for intellectual content.

This research was supported in part by funding from the National Science Foundation, Awards #1649717, 1842510, Ñ900572, and 1939739 to FJ.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their detailed comments and feedback that assisted in the revising of our original manuscript.

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Keywords: face-to-face (F2F), traditional classroom teaching, web-based instructions, information and communication technology (ICT), online learning, desire to learn (D2L), passive learning, active learning

Citation: Paul J and Jefferson F (2019) A Comparative Analysis of Student Performance in an Online vs. Face-to-Face Environmental Science Course From 2009 to 2016. Front. Comput. Sci. 1:7. doi: 10.3389/fcomp.2019.00007

Received: 15 May 2019; Accepted: 15 October 2019; Published: 12 November 2019.

Reviewed by:

Copyright © 2019 Paul and Jefferson. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Jasmine Paul, paulj@fvsu.edu

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Online Classes vs. Offline Classes in 2024: Which is the best? An Updated Article

Education has been nourishing generation after generation with knowledge, wisdom, and financial stability. It is the fuel that powers a nation’s progress towards the pinnacle of development. From a teacher imparting knowledge under the shades of trees amidst nature to teaching virtually through devices like computers, the terrain of education has changed manifolds. Branching out from conventional offline education, online education has become quite common recently. This blog is all about online classes vs offline classes . Here, we will cover the pros and cons of online learning and offline . We hope this blog will help parents and students decide which mode of education suits them the best.

Definition of online and offline classes

Before we dive into our evaluations, let us understand what offline and online education means. Offline education is the oldest and most traditional mode of imparting knowledge. It is characterized by a physical classroom where a teacher educates the students within a given span. Both parties need to abide by some specific set of rules and regulations. In an offline classroom, the teaching methods are more traditional involving both theoretical and practical learning. Known for its flexibility, online classes became popular during COVID-19. In this mode, the teacher imparts knowledge through a virtual classroom over the Internet. Online classes are super convenient for learners especially working professionals. They have a built-in portal that has all the information about the learner’s progress. In fact, in one click they can access all the course materials and associated details in this portal. Students can easily interact with their peers and faculties in the engagement section of these online learning portals. Online classes are pivotal for working professionals as they are completely self-paced.

The evolving landscape of education in 2024

We saw the debate on online classes vs offline classes become prevalent since the pandemic. Due to the integration of technology, the horizon of education is witnessing frequent changes. EdTech platforms are crafting a personalized learning experience for their learners courtesy of data analytics and Artificial Intelligence. Institutions and course creators lean on augmented and virtual reality to offer a realistic and effective learning experience. Micro-credentials and skill-based programs are dominating the landscape of education. More professionals are enrolling in short-term courses relevant to their domain of work.

Importance of choosing the right mode of learning

The online classes vs offline classes debate is never-ending. To add to this it is difficult to come up with a straight answer to which one of the two is better. Both modes of learning have their pros and cons. While choosing the mode of education the learner should study the advantages and disadvantages of the modes to understand which one suits them the most. For example, a learner who requires scrutiny while studying should probably opt for the offline learning method. The choice of a learning mode that is not aligned with the learner’s nature and preference might prevent them from enjoying the gains of the learning program.

Advantages of Online Classes in 2024

This blog speaks about online classes vs offline classes . To evaluate the utility of both modes it is important to understand their advantages and disadvantages. In this section, we discuss the advantages of online classes.

Flexibility in scheduling

Education anywhere anytime is the main motto of online classes. Shedding the traditional rules of offline classes that mandate a physical presence at a specific time, online classes allow learners to continue their learning journey at their convenience, be it after work or during the weekends.

Customized learning hours

Remember the back-to-back classes at school? We often found it difficult to focus after a while. Our brain needs frequent breaks from studying to absorb knowledge and also refresh itself for more of it. Moreover, working professionals cannot afford to give specific long hours for studying due to their work and other engagements. Online classes allow learners to how much time they want to spend studying every day. The learners could customize their learning hours depending on their mental capacity and work schedule. In the debate of online classes vs offline classes , flexibility is the strongest advantage of the former.

Balancing work and studies

In recent times working professionals have focused on upskilling themselves. They are opting for online classes as it allows them to take courses while they are working. Online study platforms lay the course in such a way that learners can seamlessly divide the time between work and studies. In fact, committing a small time on work days to study will help them maintain a work-study balance.

Access to a global pool of courses

Online classes have revolutionized the landscape of education. Nowadays, learners do not need to be physically present in the classroom to obtain education. For example, a student in India can now enroll in an online course at a university in the USA. Thus online classes have erased the geographical boundaries of education by enabling learners to take any course irrespective of their location.

Diverse subjects and specialties

Nowadays, education is much more than mathematics and science. Right from learning guitar to data analytics, online classes offer learners multitudes of courses to choose from. Whether you wish to specialize in art or computers you will find an array of online classes. This is an important factor in favor of online classes in the debate of online classes vs offline classes

Learning from industry experts worldwide

Unlike offline classes, online classes are virtual. Therefore, they do not require the faculties to be present in a physical classroom. Leveraging the power of technology, online classes have the advantage of hosting classes conducted by industry experts from across the world.

Advantages of Offline Classes 2024

This article is all about online education vs offline education. In the previous section, we discussed the advantages of online education. This section covers the offline education advantages .

Traditional classroom experience

Offline classes familiarized the concept of a traditional classroom. While facilitating face-to-face interaction between teachers and students, offline classes help learners follow a systematic schedule. Here are some best offline colleges that provide best classes to improve your carrier ahead of others.

Face-to-face interactions

Offline classes give students the opportunity to interact and communicate with each other and their teachers. Face-to-face interactions help students learn a topic better. Moreover, they can clarify their doubts quickly on the spot.

Immediate feedback from instructors

While debating on online classes vs offline classes , the proponents of the latter have stressed the facilities of prompt checks and feedback as a major pro of offline classes. In a physical classroom, the students can easily get their work checked by their teachers immediately. Therefore, they can quickly detect their mistakes and work on them.

Establishing a structured routine

We have observed that flexibility is both an advantage and disadvantage of online education . Offline classes provide a predetermined structured routine to guide the learners through their learning journey. Fixed class timings and personal guidance are the chief offline education advantages .

Fixed class timings

Fixed class timings structure a learner’s study schedule. Fixed class timings create a predictable study environment to foster a sense of stability amongst students. Moreover, when students are required to attend classes at specific times they learn discipline and time management.

In-person guidance and support

Physical guidance while pursuing education is crucial. Not only does it help students develop a strong understanding of the lesson through quick discussions and doubt resolution but it also offers them a personalized learning experience.

Challenges in Online Classes 2024

The debate on online classes versus offline classes has kept educationists occupied. To give students clarity we examine the pros and cons of online and offline classes in detail.

Lack of physical presence

The physical presence of both teachers and students is crucial for creating a classroom experience. Often students are unable to focus in an external environment. Moreover, although faculties and support teams are available to resolve their problems, online classes lack the immediate support or guidance the learner receives during an offline class. Students studying online often complain about a lack of quick support.

Impact on student-teacher relationships

A face-to-face interaction between students and teachers is essential for the development of a healthy student-teacher relationship. The lack of face-to-face communication in online education often makes it difficult for teachers to connect with their students and resolve their problems. Moreover, technical glitches and the lack of spontaneous verbal conversation between the students and teachers impact student-teacher relationships negatively.

Overcoming communication barriers

Learners often find it difficult to communicate with their peers and faculty via online platforms. The main reason behind this is that the communicating parties might not be communicating simultaneously and there might be hindrances in interaction. Moreover, unlike face-to-face communication, online interactions require students and teachers to be tech-savvy. Finally, since written communication is the main mode of interaction in online classes, misinterpretations are more likely here.

Technical issues and connectivity

We cannot ignore the benefits of the internet in our modern life. However, one of the major drawbacks of online learning is the unwanted glitches in online classes owing to technical issues and connectivity.

Potential disruptions to the learning process

Online classes will be impossible without a strong internet connection and an online learning system. Power cuts and poor internet connectivity hinder the learning experience. Students also face issues like poor quality of audio and videos and lags or screen freezes owing to bandwidth limitations.

Strategies to cope with technical challenges

Technical glitches in online learning are frequent. Embracing proper strategies will help students and faculties nullify this disadvantage of online learning. To start with, learners can start by ensuring that they have the required equipment and internet speed to participate in the online classes. Students must recheck everything in advance so that they can seek help. In most online classes, the learner’s work is saved online. To prevent losing this work taking backups is a must.

Challenges in Offline Classes 2024

In the debate on online classes vs offline classes , one of the most discussed points is the lack of flexibility in offline classes. In this segment, we discuss this in detail.

Rigidity in scheduling

Offline classes require the students and teachers to be physically present in a classroom at a specific predetermined span. The lack of flexibility is a major shortcoming of offline classes.

Limited flexibility for working students

Working professionals have a busy schedule. The work timings and personal engagements limit their time. Thus, they might find it difficult to attend offline classes at a specific time every day. Most working professionals prefer a self-paced online class mode which they can attend on their own time.

Potential conflicts with personal commitments

Online classes are more suited for grown-ups and working professionals. Usually, adults have a lot of engagements making it difficult to commit to a predetermined time for offline classes. For example, if their class times clashed with their commitments then attending the classes would be a challenge for them.

Limited course options

A learner often feels lost in the online classes vs offline classes debate . Discussing the pros and cons of both modes gives them clarity to decide. Offline classes offer courses on specific subjects. Students have limited choices in this type of learning. On the other hand, online classes are known for offering a wide variety of courses.

Availability of specific subjects or instructors

Offline classes offer courses on a limited set of subjects. Therefore, most often the instructors are well-versed in specific areas only. Students might be unable to find courses on unconventional subjects in an offline mode of education.

Addressing the needs of diverse students

Nowadays, a student’s learning is not only restricted to traditional subjects like science, art, or mathematics. The diverse opportunities in the career landscape have lured students to opt for unconventional subjects. Unfortunately, offline classes fail to cater to the diverse needs of the students.

Student Perspectives on online and offline class

student prospective on online classes and offline classes

Most online learning essays focus on the advantages and disadvantages of online classes . Although these develop an impression about online education among students, they need something more practical. Reviews and opinions of previous learners about both offline and online learning can be particularly useful in decision-making. In this segment, we view online and offline education from the student’s perspective.

Interviews and surveys

There have been diverse studies examining the learner’s opinions about online classes vs offline classes . We present our findings to facilitate neutral decision-making.

Gather opinions on online and offline learning experiences

Studies have found that around 70% of students prefer online to offline classes owing to the former’s flexibility. Moreover, online education reduces the time for learning a course by around 50%. It can also improve a student’s performance by 15% to 20% Finally, studies also found that women tend to enroll in online courses more than men. From these numbers, we can easily conclude that more students from diverse academic backgrounds prefer online over offline education.

Identify key factors influencing student preferences

A large section of learners across the world have chosen online classes as their preferred mode of education. They have stated an array of reasons for their choice. Students find online learning to be more affordable than offline education. Moreover, online classes are easier to attend owing to their proximity to the student’s home or office. Learners have especially praised the quality of learning and support from reputed faculties in online learning courses.

Impact on Learning Outcomes

Data from an essay on online education system has shown that learners are more likely to perform better in online education mode than offline. Online education improves the performance of students by about 15 to 20%.

Comparing academic performance

The main purpose of attending any course, online or offline is to gain knowledge. The learners look at academic performance as an indicator of their learning success. Moreover, while studying the success of online education vs offline education we often compare the respective test scores to get an impression of the competency of the two education modes. In this segment, we look into this in detail.

Analyzing grades and test scores

While studying the pros and cons of online learning we find discover that students across the world lean towards online classes. Results have shown that this mode of education is more efficient than the offline mode. A study showed that students who opted for virtual classes scored 14 percent points higher than those attending conventional education. Another study showed that virtual education increased student’s test scores in mathematics. Therefore, virtual classes have a moderate but significant impact on a learner’s test score.

Factors affecting student success in each setting

Both online and offline classes have positive aspects that are responsible for a student’s success. In the table below we project the powerful factors of both modes.

Trends in Educational Technology 2024

In our essay on online education , we point out the various developments in the field of education. The landscape of education is evolving at a fast pace.

Integration of technology in offline classrooms

The integration of technology in education has revolutionized traditional educational experiences. It has made learning seamless and more efficient. In this segment, we discuss some popular trends in the field of education.

Smart classrooms and interactive tools

Tools have been man’s best friend since the birth of evolution. According to learners one of the few disadvantages learning online is the lack of engagement amongst peers. Using interactive tools in teaching improves the learning experience and fosters interaction amongst students and teachers. Here is a list of some useful tools.

useful learning tools for online offline class 2024

Enhancing the traditional learning experience

Integration of technology into education has upgraded the learning experience. For example, until a decade ago teachers used blackboards to present their thoughts and teach students. With the advent of projection boards and PowerPoint slides, they can impart knowledge conveniently. Students can also leverage these slides to prepare notes for studies.

Hybrid Learning Models

In a hybrid learning model, the faculty simultaneously teaches students physically present before them as well as students attending the class virtually. The teachers utilize both synchronous and asynchronous learning methods in hybrid learning models.

Combining the best of both worlds

The debate on online classes vs offline classes focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of both online and offline classes. Adopting the benefits of both types of education, the hybrid education model was developed. This learning model will benefit both the proponents of online and offline education.

Blending online and offline components for a balanced approach

The hybrid learning model blends the strengths of online and offline learning. The learning model preserves the organized face-to-face learning experience of a traditional classroom while offering the option of self-paced learning. Depending upon their preference, the learners can attend classes online or offline. The hybrid learning model integrates digital tools into traditional learning methods. These tools track students’ progress and performance to offer them personalized support when required. Finally, hybrid learning models facilitate in-class discussions and online interactive simulations to help students engage with each other and their teachers.

Examples of successful hybrid learning implementations

The predominance of hybrid learning models is increasing worldwide. Renowned institutions are incorporating blended learning models to attract more learners and improve the quality of learning. For example, IBM’s Basic blue management training program utilizes the hybrid learning models effectively. Carpe Diem Collegiate High School has crafted a successful hybrid learning experience for its students. Deloitte University and General Electric have also implemented a hybrid learning model for learners.

Recommendations for Educators and Institutions

In this online learning essay , we studied the advantages and disadvantages of online classes and traditional offline education. We also evaluated the online classes vs offline classes debate in detail. We will end this study with some recommendations to improve the learning experience in the future.

Adapting to Changing Educational Landscape

Ten years ago we could hardly imagine that learning would be possible even outside the confines of a classroom. Cut to today, learners are expanding their knowledge anytime and from anywhere. The massive metamorphosis in the field of education is the gift of technological advancements. And this is just the beginning of the revolution. To reap the fruits of technological innovations institutions, educational institutions must not hesitate to incorporate them into their learning framework. For example, most of us are no strangers to the benefits of E-learning platforms, educational apps, and virtual classrooms.

Investing in Technology and Teacher Training

Investing in the right place always gives a high return. More and more learners are opting for online classes equipped with advanced amenities to enjoy a seamless learning experience. Course creators and educational institutions must invest in the newest technologies to influence more students to enroll in their courses. Moreover, faculties must continuously upgrade themselves to stay updated with the fast-changing educational landscape and provide value to their students.

Prioritizing Student-Centric Approaches

The learning journey of every student is different. No two students have the same learning experience. Their academic performance is a result of their interest, intelligence, and time devoted. Student-centric approaches to learning understand and acknowledge the importance of a learner’s opinion in their learning journey. For example, mandating a student to study when they feel will not be helpful. A student-centric approach empowers students to create a personalized learning experience based on their convenience. These are far more effective and evoke a sense of responsibility for learning among students.

Gathering up

In this blog article, we delved deep into the online classes vs offline classes debate . We realized that both these modes play an important role in shaping the landscape of education in modern times. We are all aware of the power of education. Knowledge brightens the future of pupils and fills them with wisdom and revolutionary ideas. In short, it is capable of transforming their lives. We must leverage both online and offline classes to enjoy the maximum value from the learning journey. Moreover, educational institutions and educators must constantly modify their learning practices to make room for new developments. Creating space for diverse techniques and methods in the learning process is pivotal to offering learners a cutting-edge and valuable learning experience.

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Difference between online and offline classes- IELTS Essay

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Updated on 13 April, 2023

Mrinal Mandal

Study abroad expert.

The International English Language Testing System or IELTS is an English language proficiency test taken for study, migration, or work. Any student appearing for the renowned IELTS must undertake the essay writing activity. What is the difference between online and offline classes ? This is a common IELTS essay topic that you may have to write.

The actual topic may be the following- Some people believe that online learning is very effective for students and that they can learn more easily than in the classroom, while others believe studying in a classroom with other students is much better. Which group do you agree with? Why? Another probable topic could be the following- In today’s world, some prefer online courses whereas others prefer classroom teaching.

Here are sample essays to help you practice.

Difference between online and offline classes: Sample Essay 1

Difference between online and offline classes: Sample Essay 2

Frequently asked questions, explore more ielts essays:, difference between online and offline classes: sample essay 1 .

There are distinct differences between online and offline classes that deserve to be highlighted, as per the topic of this essay. Personally speaking, I believe that offline classes represent a better method of learning as compared to their online counterparts. The biggest difference lies in their respective nomenclatures, i.e., online classes are done digitally, and knowledge is transmitted to students anywhere and anytime over a virtual classroom setting. All interactions with teachers and fellow students happen virtually at the time of the class. Knowledge delivery is backed up by several technological tools for video calls and conferences. All relevant material is shared online or shown on the screen to students.

We equate offline classes with learning at all levels, including school, college, and higher education institutions. They involve teaching and knowledge delivery physically to students in classrooms with direct interactions with teachers and fellow students. If you judge based on convenience, online classes are better options, with their anytime and anywhere format. Students can log in, record lectures, and access all other material online. However, the disadvantages of online classes are numerous; there are technical glitches and connectivity disruptions that keep derailing lectures. Secondly, not everyone can afford uninterrupted connectivity throughout the day, which is costly. Thirdly and most importantly, the lack of face-to-face interactions with teachers and peers amidst a proper learning environment is not positive. It robs students of vital interpersonal interaction, learning, and social and communication skills while hindering their ability to absorb knowledge.

Offline classes, while being more time-consuming and requiring adherence to a routine and other aspects, offer invaluable interactions and engagement directly with teachers and fellow students. This is why I feel they are better choices for students at all junctures.

Tentative band score: 6 / Total Word Count: 288

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Learning involves not only academic lectures or knowledge-gathering but also interpersonal engagement and interactions. Children not only gain academic knowledge but also develop their communication and social skills as a result of learning offline at school, college, or elsewhere. They gain valuable interaction and idea-exchange opportunities with their peers, teachers, and other parts of the ecosystem. They learn self-sufficiency and other valuable life skills. Studies have also shown how offline classes are the best way for children to learn, question, get their doubts clarified, and build relationships for life.

The topic of the essay talks about the differences between offline and online classes. My opinions have already been expressed above, making it clear that I consider offline learning to be the bedrock for a better future. Online learning can be a temporary substitute and nothing more; it does not lead to anything other than getting the basic task accomplished, i.e. staying on track with the syllabus and delivering academic knowledge that the students require. At the most, it can be useful for periodic doubt-clarification sessions now and then.

However, beyond these aspects, online learning cannot be a replacement for the conventional method of learning. It offers convenience but uses much more resources in terms of electricity and connectivity. Institutions should be prepared for online learning whenever the situation warrants the same, such as the COVID-19 outbreak. However, they should look to restore normalcy by opening up campuses for learners as swiftly as possible. To conclude, I wish to say that learning is a collaborative and cooperative exercise. Studying online emphasizes a solitary approach that is not beneficial from all perspectives.

Tentative band score: 6 / Total Word Count: 271

Which is better offline or online class?

Offline classes are better options, as it promotes interpersonal communication and engagement. It promotes a better understanding of others and helps children pick up social skills and other vital learnings of life. It also helps them learn better and interact directly with teachers and mentors.

What is the difference between offline and online?

The main difference is the method of disseminating knowledge; online classes have lectures conducted digitally through video calls or conferencing solutions. Offline classes are held at educational institutions with face-to-face learning, interaction, and communication.

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Reading is the second part of the IELTS test and takes 60 minutes. It consists of three or sometimes four reading passages to increase difficulty, and there are a total of 40 questions to answer.

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Please note that your performance on the speaking test is assessed based on the following criteria- fluency and coherence, grammatical range and accuracy, lexical resource, and pronunciation.

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IELTS Academic Writing Task 1

IELTS Academic writing is meant for students who are applying for top-ranked universities and colleges in English-speaking countries. The writing task one is an academic summary writing based on diagrammatic and graphical representation.

IELTS Writing Task 2

Writing Task 2 is the second part of the writing section of IELTS, where aspirants are presented with a point of view, argument, or problem and asked to write an essay in response to the question.

Writing Task 1 IELTS

In IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 starts with a diagram, a visual representation of information. It can be a table, map, graph, process, diagram, or picture.

IELTS Essay Samples

The essay for IELTS is part of Writing Task 2. It is the same for the General Training and Academic of the IELTS. You will get a topic and have to write an essay on the same.

IELTS Cue Cards

The IELTS speaking cue cards come into play for the second part when the candidate will be choosing cue cards and then speaking on a topic for two minutes at least.

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The Key Differences Between Online Learning and Offline Learning

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News & updates from CPD News Team

As technology has developed, so too has the way we learn new skills. Thanks to the internet, those interested in boosting their knowledge and skills now have a wide range of options open to them.

Learners and employers can now choose to take advantage of online, as well as offline, training. When it comes to Continuing Professional Development (CPD), there are pros and cons to both online and offline learning. To help you decide which is better for your learners, below you’ll discover the key differences between them.

Online learning vs offline learning

The main difference between online and offline learning is location. With offline learning, participants are required to travel to the training location, typically a lecture hall, college or classroom. With online learning, on the other hand, the training can be conducted from practically anywhere in the world. Participants simply need to log on to the internet from their home, work or even their local coffee shop.

Another difference is the flexibility offered. Online learning usually has a more flexible timescale. As a trainer, you can offer your support via email or through an online chat system. With offline learning, it is typically carried out between office hours and doesn’t offer as much flexibility to the learner or the trainer. Besides these two differences, the benefits of learning online or offline are practically the same. Online qualifications are just as internationally recognised as offline ones and the standards of learning are also identical.

What are the benefits of online vs offline learning?

Although online learning has become the preferred method for the majority of learners, it’s important not to dismiss the benefits of offline training too. With online training courses, you and the course attendees benefit from a more casual, flexible approach. Being unrestricted in regard to location and times means every learner can benefit from the courses.

With offline learning, it’s easier to ensure attendees are paying attention to the training. Some learners also find it easier to retain the knowledge and skills they’ve learnt through offline training than they do with online training. As there are benefits to both learning options, it makes sense to offer a combined online and offline learning approach as a trainer.

The CPD trainer

As a CPD trainer, it’s vital you stay ahead of the sector. You need to ensure you are providing the most relevant and up-to-date training methods. Offering online training courses is therefore crucial to your success.

There has been a huge shift from offline to online learning is recent years. While offline training does remain popular with the younger generation, the majority of learners may prefer a blended online and offline approach. It is more convenient and more flexible; something which benefits both the learner and you as a trainer.

Preferred methods of delivering training

When it comes to delivering CPD training, it is typically best to use numerous methods. If you are opting to provide online learning courses , you’re going to need to ensure they’re well structured.

The best online study CPD courses consist of multiple learning resources including:

additional online resources

Although the majority of the training can be conducted online, it is still a good idea to provide some offline resources such as books or further reading notes. That way, the learner can read and discover additional information away from a screen in their own time. Videos are also a useful online learning tool. You could offer DVD versions of the videos you create for learners who would prefer them. However, most will be happy to watch the video tutorials online. Other online resources can also be used such as blogs, articles and podcasts. When combined together, all of these learning sources provide comprehensive and effective CPD training.

The above are the key differences between online learning and offline learning. Attendees may want to record and log their training for any ongoing Continuing Professional Development requirements. The myCPD Portal is a free CPD record tool where learners can set annual CPD targets, store CPD certificates of attendance, and track learning progress in one simple place.

If you are interested in offering CPD online training courses, you may want to consider becoming CPD accredited . The CPD Certification Service can ensure your online training materials meet the necessary standards for Continuing Professional Development. Our team can help support you to attract more potential learners by ensuring your training conforms to a recognised quality standard of learning. Contact our team today to learn more.

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Essay on online vs offline education – [500 words]

Write an essay on online vs offline education in 500 words:

Just 2 years back, the idea of online education was almost incomprehensible to common minds. But now Online classes and the concept of Online Education have taken an important part in a lot of areas. Ever since the pandemic in 2020, the governments forced people to stay in their homes for almost half a year. All these wastes of months took a lot of toll on people’s livelihoods and children’s education. The educational institutes had to find a solution. So they moved towards online classes or online sessions. This opened a whole new form of education which the world never had hoped for. Students had more access to attend these online classes without traveling to a faraway place or spending a lot of time getting ready to go to universities or college. Even after the pandemic ended and the world is going back to the way it was. Online education has become a normal practice now for a lot of college institutions. Even after all these advantages, some students still prefer the offline or face-to-face form of education. Let’s discuss the main differences between online and offline education in great detail

Online Education

Online education is also called distance learning. It’s a format of education that can be done from a far distance. Online education is done mainly through the internet. Students can use either portable devices like Mobile Phones and Laptops or stick to traditional desktop PCs. The Most used application for online learning is Zoom, a Chinese app. There are also some pretty good alternatives like Discord etc. All these apps are free to use which makes them far more accessible for students of all backgrounds. The only challenging part of online education is getting a digital device. You can buy laptops and mobile phones from the market at a huge variety of prices. There are always some mobile phone or laptop options available in your budget.

Online education-providing institutes also provide learning material in soft forms i.e. PDFs and Docs. These can be used at any time and unlike books, you do not need to carry heavy books all the time. Online education also allows you to take classes/lectures from all over the world. This saves both time and expenses as some students are forced to relocate to a whole new region away from their families. This makes it hard for students to live leisurely and focus on their studies.

Offline Education

Offline Education or previously known as traditional and face-to-face education is the most common method of giving out education. Online classes are great for lower expenses and are easier to get but Offline classes are far more beneficial as a whole. Students can ask about problems the teacher during the lecture or ask other students about the problem. This helps in understanding the topics more easily. Offline education also gives a chance for students to make friends and get social. This enables them to develop every day talking skills and to be able to hold conversations in all types of scenarios. Offline education also gives a chance for students to get punctual and wake early and clean themselves. All of these habits help us in becoming more accepted into society.

No one can claim either online or offline as a better form of education. It depends on the preferences of every student independently. Some may prefer going to college physically and experience studying physically some may prefer staying home and do studying on their laptops.

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Task 2 Essay: Offline vs Online Study

Task 2 Question: Some universities offer online courses as an alternative to classes delivered on campus. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

Band 8+ Sample Answer:

(Intro) The Internet has become increasingly prevalent in education. Many universities are now offering online courses instead of traditional classrooms. From my perspective, I would contend that any potential advantages of this off-campus learning are outweighed by its significant disadvantages.

(Body 1) First and foremost, communication skills might suffer due to less direct interaction with teachers and classmates. Distance learning, as opposed to physical classes, is operated through the Internet resulting in students and teachers not having face-to-face conversations, which deprives students of opportunities to develop their communicative ability. In addition, without regular face to face contact, they may struggle to forge strong bonds with their teachers and peers. As a result, they may hesitate to reach out when they experience difficulties. In the long run, this may lead to loneliness and hinder students from demonstrating higher academic performance.

(Body 2) Worse still, online learning can encourage student procrastination, contributing to lower academic performance. Without strict supervision from teachers, students may neglect their studies and lack discipline. Therefore, this kind of learning is often associated with low student motivation, resulting in low academic productivity. Online courses during COVID19 pandemic perfectly exemplify this drawback. After months of online learning, the Ministry of Education has had to simplify the tests as the quality of e-learning is not guaranteed. This is a testament to how online courses can affect overall student outcomes.

(Conclusion) In conclusion, I am convinced that online courses can exert a more negative effect on students than a positive one, including impaired communication skills, procrastination and lower academic performance. Given the likelihood of more not less online learning in the future, the government should carry out extensive research to determine how to mitigate its many shortcomings. (280 words)

Words: Student essay, corrected & upgraded by Nick Kemp, former IELTS examiner.

Image: Marc Thele / Pixabay.

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Online vs Offline Education: Pros and Cons [2024]

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