restating thesis starters

• PRO Courses Guides New Tech Help Pro Expert Videos About wikiHow Pro Upgrade Sign In
• EDIT Edit this Article
• EXPLORE Tech Help Pro About Us Random Article Quizzes Request a New Article Community Dashboard This Or That Game Popular Categories Arts and Entertainment Artwork Books Movies Computers and Electronics Computers Phone Skills Technology Hacks Health Men's Health Mental Health Women's Health Relationships Dating Love Relationship Issues Hobbies and Crafts Crafts Drawing Games Education & Communication Communication Skills Personal Development Studying Personal Care and Style Fashion Hair Care Personal Hygiene Youth Personal Care School Stuff Dating All Categories Arts and Entertainment Finance and Business Home and Garden Relationship Quizzes Cars & Other Vehicles Food and Entertaining Personal Care and Style Sports and Fitness Computers and Electronics Health Pets and Animals Travel Education & Communication Hobbies and Crafts Philosophy and Religion Work World Family Life Holidays and Traditions Relationships Youth
• Browse Articles
• Learn Something New
• Quizzes Hot
• This Or That Game New
• Train Your Brain
• Explore More
• Support wikiHow
• About wikiHow
• Log in / Sign up
• Education and Communications
• College University and Postgraduate
• Academic Degrees
• Doctoral Studies
• Theses and Dissertations

How to Restate a Thesis

Last Updated: February 27, 2024 Fact Checked

wikiHow is a “wiki,” similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. To create this article, 44 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 382,454 times. Learn more...

A thesis statement serves as your paper’s (or speech’s) guiding idea, alerting readers to the main points of your paper and the direction it will take. A thesis restatement, which comes in the paper’s conclusion, is the thesis’s kindred spirit, though not its identical twin. It differs from the thesis in both word choice and sentence structure. Restating your thesis at the end of the paper allows you to remind your readers of what you have proven in your body paragraphs and helps to bring your paper to a successful close.

Working out the Restatement Basics

• Sketching out a rough conclusion (the main points you want to get across) will give you an idea of the best place for the restated thesis before you actually try your hand at writing the restatement.
• Depending on the nature of your paper or of your conclusion, you may want to open your conclusion with a question or some other kind of rhetorical device, rather than a restatement of the thesis. While writing often follows prescribed formulas (such as the 5-paragraph essay), there is no one-size-fits-all approach for writing a concluding paragraph, and you may need to try out several positions for your thesis restatement to find out what works best.

• You can use the restated thesis to provide a greater level of sophistication or emotional impact to the original argument. For example, if your initial argument was that buying pets as holiday gifts is dangerous, you might restate your thesis this way: "Remember: buying that puppy as a Christmas present might seem like a good idea at the time, but it could end in the tragedy of another homeless dog by Easter."
• You can also restate your thesis to incorporate the relationship you've built with your reader. For example, if your essay was about developing business partnerships, you could begin your restatement by saying something like, "As a businessperson...." Not only will this make your restatement different from the original, but it will also help draw connections with important elements from the essay/speech.

• For example, if you have written an essay about alcohol use on college campuses, you could revisit the "So what?" question in your conclusion by providing a statement about what that means for students and for college officials. It could look something like this: "Because alcohol abuse depends on more than just the legal drinking age, it is crucial that students be educated about how alcohol abuse occurs, and also that college officials broaden their perspective to include a greater variety of aspects."

• You may be able to use something like “In conclusion” at the end of a speech, however. Signaling or signposting words—like “in conclusion” or “next”—are very important in speeches because listeners only have one chance to follow along with what you’re saying, and these words help them to keep their place.

• Avoid saying things like, “It seems like” or “It is possible that” in the restatement. One exception would be if this conditional language is part of your original thesis statement and your paper is devoted to discussing a topic that is only a possibility, not something you are stating is definitely the case. Otherwise, maintain a level of confidence.
• While maintaining confidence is crucial to the success of your paper, it’s important to acknowledge when opposition exists and not to use absolute statements which may alienate readers. Confidence in your position and in the fact that you’ve proven your point is one thing; blind certainty in your opinion is another!

Making the Restatement Distinct from the Thesis

• You can use your word processor’s thesaurus function for this, an online thesaurus, or a good old-fashioned paper thesaurus. If you use a thesaurus, however, check your chosen word in the dictionary to ensure that you know its precise meaning. Thesauruses group words very loosely by general meaning, and there is often a significant difference in connotation between them.
• It’s not necessary to change every single word, such as prepositions (“in,” “on,” “above,” “over”) and articles (“a,” “an,” and “the”). Spend your time focusing on words/phrases that receive the most emphasis, like those that are central to the points you’re making.

• Try varying your sentences by starting with different parts of speech. For example, if you began the original thesis with a prepositional phrase, start the restatement with the subject of the sentence. For instance, if the thesis starts out “Around the turn of the nineteenth century in England, women frequently…”, you might start your restatement out with something like “Women in early nineteenth-century….”
• Another way to vary the structure is to present your points in a different order. Many thesis statements include three ideas, presented in the order in which they will be discussed in the body paragraphs. When restating, you can list the points in an alternate order.

Community Q&A

• When restating your thesis, if you find that the statement doesn’t fit your paper anymore, you’ll want to go back to the body of your paper and try to find where things went off track. You may find that you need to revise the original thesis to reflect what you actually wrote in the paper, or that parts of the body of the paper need to be revised to better suit the thesis. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
• While restating your thesis is essential to the conclusion of your paper or speech, it’s not enough. You will need to emphasize main points and, depending on the assignment/goal of the paper, you may also need to call your audience to action, discuss the implications of what you have talked about in the paper, or make predictions for the future. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
• Think of the restatement as a new, more powerful version of your thesis—you’ve written the paper and learned a lot over that process, and now you have all of this knowledge to draw on. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/writing-conclusions.html
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/cliches/
• ↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/conclusion
• ↑ https://lsa.umich.edu/sweetland/undergraduates/writing-guides/how-do-i-write-an-intro--conclusion----body-paragraph.html

About This Article

• Send fan mail to authors

Did this article help you?

Featured Articles

Trending Articles

Watch Articles

• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy
• Do Not Sell or Share My Info
• Not Selling Info

wikiHow Tech Help Pro:

Develop the tech skills you need for work and life

How to Restate a Thesis Statement: Examples & Tips

What is the most important part of any essay or research paper? Of course, it’s the thesis statement —a sentence that expresses the paper’s main idea and guides the readers through your arguments.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

But where do you place the thesis? You’ve probably answered, “in the introduction.” However, that’s not all of it—you also need to restate the thesis statement in the conclusion. Moreover, it should be paraphrased using a more diverse vocabulary.

If you’re unsure about how to restate a thesis, this article by Custom-Writing.org will be helpful for you. Here, you will find:

• various rephrasing strategies,
• a step-by-step guide,
• the most actionable thesis restatement tips.
• ✍️ Thesis Restatement Definition
• ✅ Step-By-Step Guide
• 💡 Rephrasing Strategies
• 📋 Example Sentences
• 🖼️ How to Reframe
• ✨ Bonus Tips

🔍 References

✍️ what is a restated thesis.

A restated thesis is a reworded and restructured version of the original statement. It is presented in a conclusion or any other part of the essay requiring a recap of the paper’s main idea. It shouldn’t repeat the thesis statement word for word: instead, it’s better to focus on its content.

Why Restating Your Thesis Is Necessary

For a solid, effective academic work, a restated thesis in a conclusion is a must. Here’s why:

• A restated thesis helps reintroduce your central argument, thus enhancing its perceived significance.
• A correctly restated main claim makes the transition to the implications smoother.
• A paraphrased thesis restatement signals the readers about the wrap-up of your paper.

✅ How to Restate a Thesis Step by Step

Now, let’s dwell on the restatement process in more detail. We recommend you follow the steps we described below. It will help you make your paraphrased thesis effective without undermining your persuasive arguments.

Just in 1 hour! We will write you a plagiarism-free paper in hardly more than 1 hour

💡 How to Rephrase a Thesis: Different Strategies

You can approach the restatement of thesis in several ways. Here are the best strategies that will make your argument effective and easily understood.

How to Restate a Claim by Substituting Synonyms

English is a language rich in synonyms, so you’ll hardly experience any trouble finding suitable substitutes for the words you’ve used in the original thesis. You can also try out an online reword generator or thesis statement maker to get different versions of your central claim.

For instance, imagine that this is your thesis:

People of color have achieved pronounced success in the fight for their civil rights and equality in the USA over the last century,

You may experiment with synonyms as freely as you want. Here are some variants:

• The 20-century civil rights movement gave many rights and freedoms to the minorities in the United States.
• The situation with racial equality improved significantly over the past 100 years, giving racial minorities a strong voice in American society.

Restating Your Thesis by Altering the Sentence Structure

The syntax is also a rich source of inspiration for thesis changes. If the original statement is compound, divide it into several shorter sentences. If you’ve used several simple sentences in the first version, consider combining them into one longer statement.

Receive a plagiarism-free paper tailored to your instructions. Cut 20% off your first order!

Here is an example of altering the thesis’ structure without changing the main points:

In the original version, we started by focusing on diabetes. In the reworded thesis, we presented the numbers as the first piece of data. This way, we’re directing the reader’s attention to the gravity of the problem.

How to Restate Your Thesis by Changing the Tense

In most cases, the original thesis statement uses future or present tense. It helps to inform the readers about what they are about to read. For instance, it can start with an introductory phrase:

I will argue that homework should be canceled to give students more free time and ease the burden of high school studies.

In this example, the thesis statement is written in the present tense. It links to the general statistics of time students spend on their homework. You can transform this statement into a past-tense sentence in the conclusion, showing that your argument has been proven.

The presented evidence showed that students benefited from homework cancellation and had more quality time for their hobbies and relaxation.

Restating a Thesis by Shortening or Lengthening It

The length of your thesis statement also matters. You may present it in a shorter way at the beginning of your paper, focusing only on the gist of your research question. Later on, once the arguments are laid out and explained in detail, you can present a more extended version of the initially formulated problem.

Get an originally-written paper according to your instructions!

In this restates thesis example, we have extended the original idea, explaining what “assigned seating” and “school bullying” mean. This way, the reworded version could embrace the evidence discussed in the argumentative essay’s body.

Restating a Thesis by Linking It to the Research Problem

The strategy we’re about to describe is suitable for use in research paper writing. You will need to tie the thesis statement to the problem you’ve outlined in the introduction, linking it to the issue you’re examining.

For instance, in an essay on child obesity in the USA, you can restate the thesis as follows:

Although preventive healthcare has witnessed much advancement in the past decade, evidence proves that child obesity is still on the rise, with alarming annual increase rates.

📋 How to Restate a Thesis: Example Sentences

Now, let’s examine how to rephrase a sentence in practice. Have a look at these examples:

Example # 1

Here, we expanded the thesis statement by making it longer and adding some details.

Here, we have changed the sentence structure by switching the first and second parts. The first example focuses on the legalization of marijuana, while the second version starts by mentioning the rising rates of teenage weed consumption.

In this example, we’ve changed the thesis statement’s tense from future to past, showing how an intention transformed into a completed task.

🖼️ How to Reframe a Reworded Thesis?

Once you’ve approached the conclusion paragraph of your work, it’s time to think about reframing your main claim. It’s important not to duplicate the introductory thesis because its role in the final section is different. Here are some workable reframing suggestions:

• Reword the original thesis and put it at the beginning of your conclusion. It will bring the focus back to your initial research purpose.
• Enumerate the central claims you’ve focused on. They can be compiled from topic sentences used in the body paragraphs.
• After restating the thesis, you can dwell on the broader significance of the problem you’ve examined. Make a logically related call to action based on the cited evidence. You can also mention your study’s limitations and clarify what additional research is needed.

✨ Bonus Thesis Statement Tips

Now, it’s time to give you a bonus for careful reading: our tried-and-tested tips for good thesis rewriting. Check them out:

As you can see, rephrasing a thesis statement requires effort. Using extensive vocabulary and syntax will help you restructure the content and retain its meaning. And, of course, make sure to follow our tips!

Further reading:

• Best Thesis Statement Examples with Expert Comments
• How to Write a Conclusion for a Research Paper: Examples & Tips
• How to Write a 5-Paragraph Essay: Outline, Examples, & Writing Steps
• What Are the 5 Different Types of Essays? A Complete Guide

❓ How to Restate Thesis in Conclusion FAQs

Restatement of your thesis involves restructuring and changing the vocabulary originally used in the introduction. However, the altered thesis should preserve your work’s meaning and central message.

You will typically need a reworded thesis in a conclusion paragraph. This part of your essay or research paper should wrap up everything you’ve said and summarize your claims in different words.

When composing your essay conclusion paragraph, it is vital to reword your thesis statement initially presented in the introduction. This strategy will help you make the conclusion sound non-redundant while preserving the original main idea.

When restating the claim, you do the same work as when you reword the thesis. You need to change the wording and syntax while preserving the overall meaning of the original claim.

A good example is as follows: “children should wear uniforms at school.” The reworded thesis would contain the same meaning rephrased in your own words: “Uniforms are recommended for all students.”

• Writing the Conclusion: Indiana University Bloomington
• Writing Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs: University of Minnesota
• How to Restate a Thesis Statement: Classroom: Synonym
• Writing a Paper: Conclusions: Walden University
• Conclusions: Purdue University
• Ending the Essay: Conclusions: Harvard University
• Thesis Statements: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Share to Facebook
• Share to Twitter
• Share to LinkedIn
• Share to email

If you’re a student, you’ve heard about a formal essay: a factual, research-based paper written in 3rd person. Most students have to produce dozens of them during their educational career.  Writing a formal essay may not be the easiest task. But fear not: our custom-writing team is here to guide...

Rhetorical analysis is never a simple task. This essay type requires you to analyze rhetorical devices in a text and review them from different perspectives. Such an assignment can be a part of an AP Lang exam or a college home task. Either way, you will need a solid outline...

Narrative essays are unlike anything you wrote throughout your academic career. Instead of writing a formal paper, you need to tell a story. Familiar elements such as evidence and arguments are replaced with exposition and character development. The importance of writing an outline for an essay like this is hard...

Discourse is the way people talk about any specific topic. It’s also the way in which language is used to convey social and historical meanings. Discourse analysis is the process that helps to understand the underlying message of what is being said. Sounds interesting? Keep reading to learn more.  This in...

A précis is a brief synopsis of a written piece. It is used to summarize and analyze a text’s main points. If you need to write a précis for a research paper or the AP Lang exam, you’ve come to the right place. In this comprehensive guide by Custom-Writing.org, you’ll...

A synthesis essay requires you to work with multiple sources. You combine the information gathered from them to present a well-rounded argument on a topic. Are you looking for the ultimate guide on synthesis essay writing? You’ve come to the right place! In this guide by our custom writing team,...

Do you know how to make your essay stand out? One of the easiest ways is to start your introduction with a catchy hook. A hook is a phrase or a sentence that helps to grab the reader’s attention. After reading this article by Custom-Writing.org, you will be able to...

A critical analysis essay is an academic paper that requires a thorough examination of theoretical concepts and ideas. It includes a comparison of facts, differentiation between evidence and argument, and identification of biases. Crafting a good paper can be a daunting experience, but it will be much easier if you...

Critical thinking is the process of evaluating and analyzing information. People who use it in everyday life are open to different opinions. They rely on reason and logic when making conclusions about certain issues. A critical thinking essay shows how your thoughts change as you research your topic. This type...

Process analysis is an explanation of how something works or happens. Want to know more? Read the following article prepared by our custom writing specialists and learn about: process analysis and its typesa process analysis outline tipsfree examples and other tips that might be helpful for your college assignment So,...

A visual analysis essay is an academic paper type that history and art students often deal with. It consists of a detailed description of an image or object. It can also include an interpretation or an argument that is supported by visual evidence. In this article, our custom writing experts...

Want to know how to write a reflection paper for college or school? To do that, you need to connect your personal experiences with theoretical knowledge. Usually, students are asked to reflect on a documentary, a text, or their experience. Sometimes one needs to write a paper about a lesson...

How to Restate a Thesis: Various Approaches to Restating Your Thesis

Table of contents

• 1 Understanding the Purpose of Restating a Thesis
• 2.1 Paraphrasing.
• 2.2 Summarizing.
• 2.3 Reflecting.
• 2.4 Significance.
• 2.5 Rhetorical Devices.
• 2.6 Emotional Appeal.
• 2.7 Call to Action.
• 2.8 Broader Context.
• 2.9 Engaging Language.
• 2.10 Memorable Statement.
• 3.1 Understand the purpose of restatement
• 3.2 Avoid clichés and overused phrases
• 3.3 Be specific and avoid vague language
• 3.4 Keep it concise
• 3.5 Reflect on the essay’s journey
• 3.6 Emphasize the significance
• 3.7 Check for coherence
• 3.8 Avoid introducing new ideas

A thesis statement guarantees that your essay will be read, and a paraphrased thesis states that the main points of your essay will be remembered. Students have already heard about the importance of formulating a thesis statement to interest the reader in your written work. However, inexperienced authors often forget to restate the thesis.

The purpose of the successful thesis restatement is to reinforce the essay’s main idea. This way, you intensify the original argument and influence the reader’s mind. For your research paper to be convincing, it must be coherent. For this reason, the thesis and the restated thesis should not contradict but complement each other.

In this article, detailed instructions will help you restate your thesis and make your essay memorable. Our experienced specialists are ready to share with you the most working strategies for high-quality rewording of the thesis. Moreover, we want to make it easier for you and have created a checklist of the necessary details to consider to restate your thesis effectively.

Understanding the Purpose of Restating a Thesis

We remind you that the thesis statement is a claim that summarizes the main idea of your essay. It is often used as the first sentence in the introductory paragraph to dedicate the reader to the context of the written work. However, a good thesis statement is not limited to the first paragraph. In academic and persuasive writing, for example, there is a need to restate the original thesis to maintain coherence.

What does restate thesis mean? Let’s start with the fact that a restated thesis is a statement based on the original thesis used in the concluding paragraph or throughout the body paragraphs. Quoting the original thesis statement word by word will not be effective, so you have to analyze the original meaning and reword it. You may use a paraphrasing tool in case you struggle with an issue of how to restate a thesis.

You must be wondering why restating a thesis statement in the conclusion paragraph is so important. It is sometimes difficult for the reader to follow your thought course while reading. Remember when you read a book, then by the last page, you begin to forget about what happened at the beginning. To regularly refresh the reader’s memory of your argument, you need to recall it by restating the original thesis statement in the essay’s conclusion paragraph and body paragraphs.

Thus, the thesis claim should permeate your essay. Each part should contain a reminder of the central idea to reinforce the perceived significance of the thesis word. The restated thesis acts as a link between the main components of your essay. It’s necessary to restate the thesis in conclusion, connect it with topic sentences and provide a logical analysis flow.

Strategies for Restating a Thesis Effectively

Unfortunately, a simple understanding of the importance of restructuring the thesis is insufficient. It is also necessary to understand the primary strategies for good restating. Our PapersOwl experts have prepared a list with good examples for you on how to restate a thesis statement effectively. The most effective strategies are:

Paraphrasing.

Reword your original thesis statement using different words and changing the sentence structure. With this technique, the form changes, but not the main point.

Initial thesis: The desegregation of public schools is considered to be the key purpose of the Civil Rights Movement.

Restatement: The anti-segregation movement in America was aimed at equalizing public schools.

Summarizing.

In this technique, you should analyze and summarize the overall meaning of the original point in the introduction. Thus, the statement will be concise and informative.

Initial thesis: Increased anxiety and stress exposure by the mother during pregnancy can negatively affect the intrauterine development of the child, making his nervous system more vulnerable to stress.

Restatement: A pregnant mother’s stress can make a child more anxious.

Reflecting.

Link your restated thesis to the ideas you uncovered in the body paragraph of the paper.

Initial thesis: The opportunities for women to develop professionally were historically equal to the career prospects of men, or were they?

Restatement of thesis: In the nineteenth century, the inequality in the career opportunities of the two sexes was drastic.

Significance.

Emphasize that the thought you expressed in the original thesis statement is so crucial that it is worth developing in restating the thesis.

Initial thesis: The lack of sex education in schools and families leads to increased unwanted pregnancies among adolescents.

Restatement: Again, 50% of pregnancies among teenagers are unwanted. As a result of the lack of sex education, the total number of teenage pregnancies continues to grow.

Rhetorical Devices.

Use rhetorical techniques in your thesis statement, such as parallelism and repetition, to enhance the persuasiveness of the paper and rephrase the original contribution.

Initial thesis: The film provides a detailed picture for our eyes.

Restatement: The film provides a detailed picture for our eyes, and a book provides an even more detailed image for our mind.

Emotional Appeal.

Use a moving phrase or concept to appeal to the reader’s emotions to enhance interaction. If you don’t know how to apply this technique, try asking for help with college papers , and get expert help.

e.g. How long must pass before people realize that their grandchildren will suffer from the consequences of environmental disasters.

Call to Action.

Formulate your paper’s central argument, and motivate the reader to take action by introducing a thesis restatement in the conclusion.

Example: Do not delay, nature needs your intervention right now, sort garbage responsibly!

Broader Context.

Explain to the reader the background of your thought.

Example: Initial thesis: The world was a millimeter far from a nuclear war.

Restatement: In the 20th century, the development of the nuclear industry reached such a level that the advanced countries were on the verge of starting a nuclear war.

Engaging Language.

Use vocabulary that is close and understandable to the reader.

Example: Lack of sleep is the major reason for heart diseases, so don’t worry, go take a nap!

Memorable Statement.

A powerful version of your original claim has a good potential to be remembered by readers.

Example: Realizing that you owe nothing to anyone is difficult, but only by recognizing this do you begin to live for real.

Checklist to help you ensure an effective restatement of your thesis

Now that you’re familiar with working strategies for paraphrasing a thesis statement, as well as with illustrative examples, it’s time to stock up on all the tips from our experienced writers. We have created a checklist of eight points you need to follow to know how to write a thesis statement for the conclusion section so that most professors truly value your writing.

Understand the purpose of restatement

Understanding the reasons and motivation for your actions gives you the key to rephrase a thesis right. Having realized the primary goal of restating your thesis statement will help you articulate it more clearly. Remember that this writing technique exists to strengthen your arguments and improve their perception by readers. So let’s see how to restate a thesis for your conclusion and write a perfect paper.

Avoid clichés and overused phrases

The reader will not be interested in hackneyed formulations, absolute statements, and overused concepts in your thesis restatement. Our brain always demands novelty, so unique information will attract more attention and arouse interest in your research paper. Try to make your thesis restatement look fresh and intriguing.

Be specific and avoid vague language

Vague concepts, conditional language, overly long sentences, and oversimplification of information will make your thesis statements more boring. Do not think that your reader is a fool. On the contrary, provide him with food for thought. Also, reconsider the sentence structure, for it not to be too weary, use different words to be diverse.

Keep it concise

An excellent conclusion thesis restatement should be concise, giving only the most necessary context to make it easier to understand. You can expand on your idea in more detail in the following main paragraphs. To get a perfect reworded thesis, use the thesis statement generator to make the process easier. Still, to make rephrasing effective, it should be concise, write shorter sentences and use different words.

Reflect on the essay’s journey

Summarize your main ideas. After all, the thesis restatement is precisely the information you want the reader to remember the most. Why don’t you recall once again the main points and central claims of your writing? Use grammar tenses to convey your point. Perhaps your original statement was written in the present or future tense, then use past tense to show you’ve accomplished your ideas. Or, at the beginning of your writing, you used a sentence with a subject. So, restate the thesis in the conclusion with a prepositional phrase instead.

Emphasize the significance

Your opinion and your words must be heard. Emphasize the importance of your ideas with a strong conclusion paragraph thesis restatement. Choose the right strategy for your body paragraphs and paper’s conclusion to sound more convincing. Restate the thesis so that the reader has no doubts regarding the expertise of your writing and the words you say.

Check for coherence

Do not forget about the connection between the thesis sentence in the introduction paragraph and the restatement in the essay conclusion section and the main body. Follow the logic of the presentation of your thoughts when you restate claim. Your paper should not contain contradictory words and statements.

Avoid introducing new ideas

New and creative ideas are good, but they should be pre-planned as part of your paper. An unexpected and unforeseen conclusion that isn’t related to the research problem can confuse the reader at the end of the essay. Stick to your original concepts and the same meaning for the coherence of your writing. Rewrite existing concepts to reinforce your introduction thesis statement.

A thesis statement is an effective technique for attracting the attention of the reader, as well as ensuring his interest. However, using a thesis statement only in the introductory paragraph will not provide you with the desired result. For a more comprehensive result, you will have to rephrase a thesis statement a few more times in the writing process.

No strong conclusion is complete without a good reworded thesis. Remember to connect the rephrasing to the main research question. Use our strategies to write an effective thesis and get a well-deserved assessment from the teacher. Stick to our recommendations to make your paraphrased thesis effective.

Readers also enjoyed

WHY WAIT? PLACE AN ORDER RIGHT NOW!

Just fill out the form, press the button, and have no worries!

We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy.

notifications_active To return to the old version of the website Click here

Master the Art: How to Restate a Thesis

Mastering the art of restating a thesis: your guide to academic precision, hook: unveiling the power of thesis restatement.

In academic writing, mastering how to restate a thesis effectively is paramount for leaving a lasting impact on your readers. Similar to a conductor orchestrating a symphony, skillful restatement harmonizes your ideas, ensuring clarity and resonance. Crafting an effective restatement of the thesis is akin to distilling the essence of your argument into a potent elixir—one that leaves a lasting impression on your readers. While the task may seem daunting, employing the right techniques can transform this endeavor nce of restating your thesis and explore strategies for achieving this in the thesis conclusion of your paper.

By condensing these sections, you can maintain the article’s clarity and coherence while making it more concise and reader-friendly.

The Significance of Thesis Restatement in Academic Writing

In the intricate tapestry of academic discourse, the thesis statement stands as a beacon of clarity, guiding readers through the labyrinth of your arguments. However, its significance extends beyond mere introduction; it serves as the linchpin of your entire paper, encapsulating the essence of your research or analysis. Yet, as the final crescendo approaches, the thesis deserves a moment of resplendent reaffirmation—a chance to resonate in the minds of your audience.

Overview of What the Article Will Cover

Throughout this guide, we’ll unravel the mysteries of thesis restatement, exploring its significance and providing strategies for crafting impactful restatements. From dissecting the anatomy of a thesis statement to showcasing examples and offering practical exercises, we’ll equip you with the tools necessary for academic precision. Additionally, we’ll demonstrate restate thesis example instances to illustrate effective application.

Understanding and Crafting a Strong Thesis Statement

In academic writing, a strong thesis statement serves as the cornerstone of your argument, guiding your readers through the complexities of your paper. Let’s outline the key characteristics that make a thesis statement effective:

• Specificity: A strong thesis statement is clear and precise, providing a focused direction for your paper. For example: Thesis: “The rise of social media has transformed communication, but it has also raised concerns about privacy and authenticity.”
• Debatable: An effective thesis statement presents an argument or perspective that invites discussion and analysis rather than stating an indisputable fact. For instance: Thesis: “The portrayal of female characters in classic literature reflects societal attitudes towards gender roles and expectations.”
• Evidence-Based: A robust thesis statement is supported by evidence or reasoning, demonstrating your engagement with the topic and your ability to construct a compelling argument. Consider: Thesis: “Drawing on cognitive psychology theories, this study investigates the impact of mindfulness meditation on reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among college students.”

Restating your thesis effectively in the conclusion of your paper is crucial for reinforcing your main argument and leaving a lasting impression on your audience. But how do you restate a thesis in a way that is both impactful and memorable? Let’s explore some strategies and techniques to achieve this.

The Purpose of Restating a Thesis

In academic writing, the restatement of the thesis serves several crucial purposes. Firstly, it acts as a guiding light, illuminating the main argument and reminding readers of the paper’s central proposition. By encapsulating the main argument in a succinct and memorable manner, the restatement ensures that readers depart with a crystal-clear understanding of the writer’s intentions. Additionally, as the final act of the paper unfolds, the restatement serves as a poignant reminder of the intellectual journey that has transpired. It echoes like a refrain, drawing attention to the central theme or argument that has permeated every paragraph and citation, reinforcing its enduring relevance in the broader scholarly discourse. Lastly, the restatement strengthens the overall coherence and cohesion of the paper, binding together the various strands of thought and ensuring structural integrity.

Techniques for Effective Restatement

Crafting an effective restatement of the thesis is akin to distilling the essence of your argument into a potent elixir—one that leaves a lasting impression on your readers. While the task may seem daunting, employing the right techniques can transform this endeavor into a seamless and impactful conclusion to your academic paper. Let’s explore some key techniques for how to restate your thesis in a compelling manner:

• Summarizing Without Repetition

Avoid the temptation to simply repeat the original thesis verbatim. Instead, strive to encapsulate the main argument in a fresh and succinct manner. Consider paraphrasing the thesis statement while retaining its core essence. Focus on conveying the central idea without regurgitating the exact wording, allowing for a sense of closure while avoiding redundancy.

Example: Original Thesis: “The proliferation of social media has revolutionized communication, but it has also raised concerns about privacy and authenticity.” Restatement: “In summary, while social media has transformed how we communicate, it has also sparked debates surrounding privacy and authenticity.”

• Emphasizing Key Points

Highlighting the key points of your argument in the restatement can reinforce their significance and leave a lasting impression on your readers. Identify the main themes or findings of your paper and ensure that they are prominently featured in the restatement. This serves to underscore the importance of your argument and provides a concise recapitulation of your paper’s main contributions.

Example: Original Thesis: “The implementation of sustainable farming practices is essential for mitigating the environmental impact of agriculture and ensuring food security.” Restatement: “In conclusion, the adoption of sustainable farming methods is crucial not only for environmental preservation but also for safeguarding our global food supply.”

• Incorporating New Insights or Perspectives

While the restatement should echo the main argument of your paper, it also offers an opportunity to introduce fresh insights or perspectives that have emerged throughout your discussion. Consider how your analysis has evolved and whether there are any additional points you wish to emphasize in the conclusion. By integrating new insights into the restatement, you demonstrate the depth of your engagement with the topic and leave readers with food for thought.

Example: Original Thesis: “The portrayal of female characters in classic literature reflects societal attitudes towards gender roles and expectations.” Restatement: “In retrospect, the depiction of female characters in classic literature not only mirrors historical gender norms but also invites critical reflection on the evolution of societal perceptions of femininity and empowerment.”

Incorporating these techniques into your restatement can elevate it from a mere summary to a compelling synthesis of your paper’s main arguments. By summarizing without repetition, emphasizing key points, and incorporating new insights, you can craft a restatement that resonates with your readers and leaves a lasting impression long after they’ve finished reading.

Strategies for Crafting Impactful Restatements

Crafting an impactful restatement of the thesis requires strategic approaches tailored to the nuances of each situation. Here are concise strategies to consider:

• Analyzing the Context and Audience: Consider the broader context in which your paper exists and the expectations of your audience. Tailor your restatement to resonate with the interests and concerns of your readers, ensuring relevance and engagement within the larger scholarly discourse.
• Tailoring the Restatement to Suit Different Types of Papers: Recognize that different types of academic papers may require different approaches. While a concise summary may suffice for shorter papers, a more comprehensive restatement may be necessary for longer works. Consider the scope and complexity of your paper when determining the appropriate level of detail and nuance.
• Using Language that Reflects Confidence and Authority: Adopt a tone of confidence and conviction in your restatement. Avoid hedging or equivocation, and make declarative statements that leave no doubt about the significance of your argument and the validity of your conclusions.

By implementing these strategies, you can craft restatements that resonate with your audience, reinforce the strength of your argument, and leave a lasting impression.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid in Restating a Thesis

Crafting an effective restatement of the thesis requires finesse and attention to detail. Here are the key pitfalls to avoid and straightforward guidance on how to steer clear of them:

• Merely Repeating the Thesis Without Adding Value: Avoid simply regurgitating the original thesis statement without offering any additional insight or analysis. Expand upon the original thesis by summarizing the main argument in a fresh and engaging way. Reflect on the key points of your paper and consider their broader implications or significance to add depth and nuance to your restatement.
• Introducing New Information in the Restatement: Resist the temptation to introduce new information or ideas in the restatement of the thesis. The conclusion of your paper is not the place to unveil novel findings or introduce fresh arguments. Stick to summarizing and reinforcing the main argument, avoiding tangential topics or straying from the scope of your paper.
• Underestimating the Importance of Clarity and Coherence: Prioritize clarity and coherence in your restatement. Ensure that your restatement ties together the various threads of your argument in a cohesive and compelling manner, providing readers with a sense of closure and resolution. Avoid ambiguity or vagueness, and use language that is clear, concise, and to the point.

By avoiding these common pitfalls, you can craft restatements that enhance the clarity and impact of your paper, leaving a lasting impression on your readers.

Examples of Effective Restatements

Examining successful restatements from academic papers offers valuable insights into the strategies and techniques employed to reinforce the thesis and leave a lasting impression on the reader. Let’s deconstruct a few restate thesis example, and highlight the key elements that contribute to their effectiveness:

Example 1: Original Thesis: “The rise of social media has revolutionized communication, but it has also raised concerns about privacy and authenticity.” Restatement: “In conclusion, the transformative impact of social media on communication cannot be overstated. However, as we navigate this digital landscape, it is imperative to address the pressing issues of privacy and authenticity.” Key Elements: Synthesis of Main Points: The restatement succinctly summarizes the main argument while emphasizing the transformative nature of social media on communication. Relevance to Conclusion: It sets the stage for the conclusion by highlighting the importance of addressing privacy and authenticity in the digital age. Clarity and Conciseness: The language is clear and concise, ensuring that the restatement effectively reinforces the thesis without unnecessary repetition. Example 2: Original Thesis: “Effective leadership is essential for driving organizational success and fostering a positive work culture.” Restatement: “In summary, the role of effective leadership in shaping organizational success and cultivating a supportive work environment cannot be overstated. As we strive to navigate the complexities of the modern workplace, it is crucial to prioritize the development of strong leadership skills.” Key Elements: Emphasis on Importance: The restatement underscores the significance of effective leadership in achieving organizational goals and fostering a positive work culture. Forward-Looking Perspective: It looks to the future, urging readers to prioritize the development of leadership skills in the face of evolving workplace challenges. Elegance in Expression: The language is elegant and persuasive, enhancing the impact of the restatement and leaving a memorable impression on the reader. Example 3: Original Thesis: “The findings of this study highlight the importance of early childhood education in promoting cognitive development and academic success.” Restatement: “In conclusion, the findings of this study underscore the critical role of early childhood education in shaping cognitive development and laying the foundation for academic achievement. As we consider the implications of these findings, it is evident that investing in quality early childhood education programs is essential for the future success of our society.” Key Elements: Summarization of Findings: The restatement summarizes the key findings of the study, reinforcing the importance of early childhood education. Call to Action: It goes beyond summary to advocate for action, emphasizing the need to invest in quality early childhood education programs. Clarity and Conviction: The language is clear and persuasive, conveying a sense of urgency and conviction that resonates with the reader.

In conclusion, these examples illustrate how effective restatements reinforce the thesis, set the stage for the conclusion, and leave a lasting impression on the reader. By synthesizing main points, emphasizing importance, and using clear and persuasive language, these restatements effectively encapsulate the essence of the paper and underscore its significance in the broader context of academic discourse.

Refining Your Restatement Skills

Improving your ability to craft effective restatements requires a proactive approach and dedication to practice. Here are actionable steps and tips to refine your restatement skills:

• Seeking Feedback from Peers or Instructors: Share your restatements with peers, instructors, or mentors and solicit their input. Ask for specific feedback on clarity, coherence, and effectiveness in reinforcing the thesis. Constructive criticism can provide valuable insights and help identify areas for improvement.
• Utilizing Online Resources and Writing Centers: Take advantage of the wealth of online resources and writing centers available to support your academic writing endeavors. Many universities offer writing assistance services, including workshops, tutorials, and one-on-one consultations with writing tutors. These resources can provide guidance on structuring restatements, refining language, and enhancing overall writing proficiency.
• The Importance of Continuous Practice and Refinement: Set aside dedicated time for writing exercises focused specifically on crafting restatements. Experiment with different techniques, styles, and approaches to see what works best for you. Keep a journal or log of your restatements and reflect on your progress over time. Consistent practice will help sharpen your skills and deepen your understanding of effective restatement strategies.

By incorporating these steps and tips into your writing process, you can refine your restatement skills and enhance the clarity, coherence, and impact of your academic writing.

Mastering the art of thesis restatement is transformative, elevating academic writing to new heights of clarity and impact. As we conclude our exploration, let’s recap the significance of this vital aspect of academic discourse and its profound implications for your writing prowess.

Recap of Significance:

Restating the thesis serves as a beacon of clarity, guiding readers through the labyrinth of your arguments and reinforcing the central proposition of your paper. It provides a moment of reflection amidst the intellectual journey, offering a succinct summary of key points while underscoring their enduring relevance in the broader scholarly discourse.

Encouragement for Implementation:

To my fellow scholars, I encourage you to implement the techniques and strategies discussed with confidence and enthusiasm. By mastering thesis restatement, you’ll refine your ability to distill complex ideas into clear and persuasive arguments, leaving a lasting impression on your readers.

Emphasizing Transformative Impact:

As you incorporate these strategies into your writing process, you’ll experience a transformative impact on your academic writing prowess. Your restatements will become more concise, compelling, and impactful, resonating with clarity, coherence, and conviction.

In conclusion, the art of thesis restatement is not merely a technical skill but a powerful tool that can elevate your academic writing to new heights. Embrace it with confidence, implement the techniques learned, and watch as your papers resonate with clarity, coherence, and conviction.

• How It Works
• PhD thesis writing
• Master thesis writing
• Bachelor thesis writing
• Dissertation writing service
• Dissertation abstract writing
• Thesis proposal writing
• Thesis editing service
• Thesis proofreading service
• Thesis formatting service
• Coursework writing service
• Research paper writing service
• Architecture thesis writing
• Computer science thesis writing
• Engineering thesis writing
• History thesis writing
• MBA thesis writing
• Nursing dissertation writing
• Psychology dissertation writing
• Sociology thesis writing
• Statistics dissertation writing
• Buy dissertation online
• Write my dissertation
• Cheap thesis
• Cheap dissertation
• Custom dissertation
• Dissertation help
• Pay for thesis
• Pay for dissertation
• Senior thesis
• Write my thesis

How to Restate A Thesis: Your Detailed Guide

A thesis acts as your research paper’s main pillar, guiding the readers to the key points on the paper and the direction that you took. A thesis statement comes at the introduction, but you will need to restate it in the conclusion. Notably, a lot of students find this challenging and keep asking, “How do you rephrase a thesis statement?” and “Are you supposed to reword your thesis in the conclusion paragraph?”

To help you restate thesis of your paper appropriately, we have highlighted the key steps that you should follow. Make sure to also check the examples and practice the different ways to restate a thesis until you can hack it like a pro.

What Does Restate Thesis Mean?

Before we can look at the steps involved in restating a thesis, it is important to start by asking the questions, “What does restating means?” and “How long does a thesis restate have to be?”

Restating means that you are highlighting something that you had already brought out, in this case, the “thesis of your paper.” Therefore, you are simply reminding the readers about the points that you were trying to put across in the entire paper, but without sounding repetitive. When it comes to length, there is no specific rule on it, but you should try to make it approximately the same length as the original thesis.

When you restate thesis and conclude the paper well, your work will look complete, professional and earn you a better grade.

Restate Thesis Statement: Decide Where to Position It

In most cases, college students restate the thesis at the start of their conclusion. You might also want to place it on a different section of the conclusion, other than the beginning of the conclusion. When teaching students how to restate a thesis in a conclusion, we recommend them to use the method that will make their work look unique.

For example, instead of restating the thesis as the first sentence, consider starting the conclusion with a rhetoric question followed by your restated thesis statement. Here is an example below. “Will we ever appreciate the importance of saving our rainforests? Rainforests act as the largest carbon sinks on the globe, as well as home to thousands of species, and everyone can play a role in their protection.”

Note that since there is no specific formula on how to restate a thesis statement , it is advisable to start by crafting a draft conclusion and then decide where to position it. Actually, you might consider several positions until you get the perfect spot.

How to Rephrase a Thesis: Make It to have a Deeper Impact

By the time a reader gets to the conclusion of your work, it implies that he/she has already read the entire paper and has a clear idea about your stand on the topic. Therefore, you should take advantage of this and rephrase the thesis statement to deliver a deeper level of emotional effect.

One way of driving this deeper emotional impact is addressing the reader directly, and here is an example. If you were working on a paper with a topic, such as cybersecurity for startups, a good way to start restating the thesis might be:

• “As a startup enterprise owner …”
• “To strengthen your information security as a small business owner …”

Ways to Restate a Thesis: Answer the Question, “So What?”

The stated thesis at the start of your introduction might not provide the answer to the question, “so what?” However, the restated thesis , in your conclusion, should comprehensively answer the question. The answer seeks to inform the reader about the significance of the arguments in the paper to avoid leaving him/her hanging.

For example, if your paper was talking about teenage alcohol and substance abuse, make sure to answer the question “So what?” by showing what it does to teenagers. This can be something such as this; “ Additional awareness of the dangers of substance abuse, such as alcohol, should be emphasized because teenagers are more prone and likely to give in because of peer pressure rather than the implications of substance abuse.”

Avoid Making Apologies when Rewording a Thesis

When working on the conclusion of your paper, it is prudent to be confident that you provided ample proof in the body. Therefore, as you restate the thesis, you should not make apologetic statements because they undermine your argument. Such statements, which you should avoid, include:

“It appears that …. “ “It is possible that …” “It is my opinion that …”

The only time when using such statements when restating your thesis might be okay is when the topic of discussion was simply a possibility.

Restate Thesis Statement by Varying the Tense

When writing an paper, the thesis statement at the introduction might have been done in the future tense, informing the reader what to anticipate in the rest of the paper.

For example, a paper looking at coal production might have a thesis such as this, “ I will examine the effects of using coal in Azerbaijan ….” When restating the thesis, you can change the tense, and put it in the past, so that it looks something like this, “ I evaluated the how harmful the use of coal is to the environment in Azerbaijan …”

Seek Writing Help to Restate Thesis of Your Paper

When you work on any piece of assignment, how you wrap it up, especially in the conclusion, is very important to avoid leaving your reader in suspense. In this post, we have demonstrated how to restate a thesis statement, but you should consider reading a carefully done restate thesis and practice more to hone your skills. However, if you are still finding the task a challenge, even after reading a restate thesis example, consider seeking writing help from an expert.

We have a pool of qualified writers who are ready to help you with your academic assignments, and all you have to do is ask us for help to “restate my thesis.” They know how to start a paper, write the body professionally, and restate the thesis like pros. Furthermore, our services are cheap, and you can count on our writers for quality work and top grades.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Comment * Error message

Name * Error message

Email * Error message

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

As Putin continues killing civilians, bombing kindergartens, and threatening WWIII, Ukraine fights for the world's peaceful future.

Ukraine Live Updates

How to Rephrase a Thesis Statement for the Conclusion

A thesis statement is the most critical part of any essay, research paper, term paper, or academic paper.

Most professors, instructors, or teachers will look forward to reading an engaging thesis statement. Another thing they will also focus on is how you restate the thesis in the conclusion of an essay or research paper.

For every thesis in the introduction, there must be a restated thesis statement at the beginning of the conclusion.

If you are not conversant with how to restate a thesis, you came to the right place because we will look at the steps, tips, and strategies to use so that you keep the spirits of your readers high even as they exit reading your piece of written text.

Restating a Thesis

A thesis restatement comes at the beginning of the conclusion paragraph . Note that when restating the thesis, you are simply rewording, restructuring, reorganizing, and representing the original thesis statement in the introduction within your conclusion.

There are many reasons why many professors and guides for writing various types of papers will insist on having a restated thesis as part of the first section of the conclusion paragraph.

Restating the thesis helps the readers to close the loop of reading your text by seeing how you have proven the thesis in your body paragraphs.

It also helps to bring closure to the readers without leaving them in suspense. You are also reintroducing the central argument, enhancing the perceived significance your readers developed as they started reading.

A restated thesis also makes an excellent transition to other parts of the conclusion, such as a call to action, recommendations, or implications.

Steps for Restating a Thesis in a Conclusion

Understanding the thesis restatement process will go a long way in ensuring you achieve the benefits we have discussed above. You want to paraphrase your thesis so that even though they deliver the same message; they have a different organization, structure, and flow, making your writing persuasive and compelling.

1. Read the original thesis statement

After writing your introduction and body paragraphs, it is expected that you will have refined the preliminary thesis statement into a final thesis statement. Now, when you need to restate the thesis, for the purposes of concluding, begin by reading the final thesis statement of your essay or research paper, whatever writing you are undertaking. Reading the original thesis helps you to identify its focus and have a good picture of how to restate it in the conclusion.

2. Decide where you want to place it

Although many people might think that a restated thesis must appear at the beginning of the conclusion, that is not always the case. Therefore, you have to decide where you will place the restatement. At this stage, having an outline of the conclusion paragraph would be ideal, and it will help you figure out where to restate the thesis without making mistakes. All the same, having the restated thesis at the beginning of the introduction saves you time. Writing a conclusion is not cast in stone; you can take whatever approach you like as long as you achieve the intended purpose.

3. Look at the perspective of the original thesis

To restate the thesis better, consider the original thesis's point of view or perspective. You want to maintain the same person you wrote the thesis and the subject, even if it means rewriting the entire thesis.

4. Focus on the main points in the body paragraph

If you feel lost in how to restate the thesis, outline the main points and keywords you presented in the body paragraphs. An excellent way to quickly do this is by reading each topic sentence of the body paragraphs. Remember, your restatement should have the information you have discussed and portray the links you have established in your paper.

5. Express the significance of your argument

You have to justify your paper's central argument to validate the restated thesis. You should let your readers know why they should care about the topic you are writing about. Expand the thesis, so you have the original contribution without altering the intended meaning.

6. Paraphrase the thesis

Having identified everything that sets you up for successful thesis restatement, ensure that you paraphrase the thesis so that you have a restated thesis that meets all the criteria set in the rubric. Let's look at some ways to make the restated thesis stand out.

How to Rephrase or Paraphrase a thesis Effectively

Restating a thesis is about achieving different wording and flow but maintaining the meaning of the original thesis. This can be achieved in many ways. In a nutshell, you can restate the thesis using synonyms, changing the sentence structure and tenses, shortening or lengthening the thesis, and writing the message by linking it to research. Let's have a detailed look at each of these strategies.

Link your thesis to research

If you are writing a research paper or an essay, you must tie the thesis to the research problem stated in your introduction.

Change the Sentence Structure

You can take advantage of the fact that you can play around with the arrangement of words (syntax) as an inspiration to alter your original thesis statement when restarting it. You can restructure the original thesis into smaller or shorter sentences and then combine them again without altering the meaning you presented earlier in the introduction paragraph. You can rearrange the clauses in a sentence but maintain the same meaning.

Shortening or extrapolating the original thesis

A thesis statement is clear and concise. If your initial thesis statement was shorter, consider having a longer restated thesis at the end of your paper. This is always the case with most restatements. It helps spread out the main arguments or points in the body paragraph so that the readers are reminded about what they just read and how your promise in the thesis statement has been achieved. Summarizing the thesis statement when restating it should be done when focusing on the main idea.

Substitute synonyms

To effectively rephrase, paraphrase, or reword a thesis, you can use synonyms of the words used in your original thesis statement. Take advantage of dictionaries and word thesaurus but ensure that you maintain the same meaning without being ambiguous. Thanks to the richness of English in synonyms that mean the same thing, you will not have a lot of challenges restating a thesis using synonyms.

Change the tense

There is power in the way you can use tenses when restating a thesis statement. In most instances, the thesis statement is written in either present or future tense. You can take advantage of this and write a thesis statement in the past tense, emphasizing the main points you discussed in the body paragraphs.

Tips for Thesis Restatement (what works and what doesn't)

We are in the business of writing custom papers for diverse groups of clients, from students to professionals and scholars. Therefore, we keep trying, researching, and reading more about how to perfect the papers we write. Out of the many essays, theses, proposals, research papers, term papers, and dissertations we have written, we can confidently give the tips below as surefire ways to restate the thesis in the conclusion.

• Never apologize when restating a thesis. After all, you have fielded the best proof through evidence and examples supporting your claims in the essay. An apology at this point only weakens your conclusion paragraph, leaving your readers confused even more.
• When writing the thesis statement in the conclusion, acknowledge the counterarguments and counterclaims. Instead of sticking to your main point of view, show maturity by giving credit to either side of an argument.
• Don't use clich?s when restating the thesis. It is the same thing as using filler words within your body paragraphs; it dilutes the sweetness of your writing.
• Use conclusion sentence starters to introduce your restatement. You should try as much to avoid the common conclusion starters such as "to sum up, in conclusion, ?etc."
• You should reword the original thesis and put it effectively within the beginning of your conclusion, even though you can put it anywhere. It is the easiest approach and makes it easy to locate the restated thesis and allows readers to refocus on the research purpose or purpose of the essay.
• You should be concise while making meaning at the same time.
• You should be objective, focused, and neutral in your stance . Instead of using judgmental language, stay neutral when rewriting the thesis for your introduction.
• You can compile the topic sentences in the body paragraphs and enumerate the central claims when restating the thesis.
• After restating the thesis, you should expound on the significance of your topic . You should logically explain why your readers should care based on the findings. You should call the readers top action and discuss implications and limitations.
• Don't contradict yourself when writing the thesis a second time, as this leaves your readers confused. You should also avoid introducing new information.
• Ensure that your restated thesis has a good choice of words and sound flow and does not counter the meaning of the original thesis . Remember, the thesis and restated thesis are sisters only that have different appearances but stand for the same thing.
• You should view the restated thesis statement as a powerful version of the original thesis that cements your central idea in the readers' minds.
• Avoid using incorrect tenses and modifiers when restating the thesis. When you use the wrong tenses, you confuse the readers, as when you incorrectly modify the subject.
• Be confident as you restate the thesis to have a strong conclusion paragraph.

Examples of Original and Restates Thesis Statements

Below are examples of restating a thesis statement to help you figure out how to do it when writing your conclusion paragraph.

What are the components of a strong thesis?

A strong thesis statement should answer the question of "how?" and "why?" about the topic and should do so with specificity. It takes a stance, justifies discussion, and is specific. Therefore, it should have a specific noun, action verb, and assertive predicate. For instance,

Example: The tax policies (specific noun) of the current administration threaten to reduce (action verb) the tax burden on the middle class by sacrificing education and healthcare programs for anyone ( assertive predicate ). These should also feature when you restate the thesis, even if you rephrase, change the structure or tenses, or shorten the original thesis.

What does rephrasing or restating the thesis statement mean?

It means reading the original thesis and expressing it differently but maintaining the original meaning. The restated thesis is placed in the conclusion paragraph, preferably in the begging immediately after the conclusion starter.

Where does the restated thesis go?

When restating the thesis, placing it at the beginning of your conclusion paragraph immediately after the conclusion paragraph starter helps you to avoid losing your readers. It is the most convenient location, although you can place it anywhere within the conclusion. Placing it at the beginning helps you to have a narrow to the broad conclusion that gives better closure to the readers.

How does one restate the thesis?

To restate the thesis statement, read the original thesis statement, then rephrase it by changing the tenses and structure, using synonyms and different vocabulary, shortening or lengthening it, and paraphrasing it but maintaining the original meaning. Avoid using a thesis generator when restating your thesis because it will not give you the correct feel if you did it alone.

Gradecrest is a professional writing service that provides original model papers. We offer personalized services along with research materials for assistance purposes only. All the materials from our website should be used with proper references. See our Terms of Use Page for proper details.

• +44 7897 053596
• [email protected]

Get an experienced writer start working

Review our examples before placing an order, learn how to draft academic papers, how to restate your thesis: a beginner’s guide & examples.

An Introduction to Research Paradigms: Understanding the Basics

Exploring Various Types of Dissertation

• Dissertation

Restating a thesis is often considered a complex job. The good news is that you need to come up with smart hacks to structure your thesis in a better manner.

Not only a well-structured thesis statement can help you convey your message effectively, but it also promotes better comprehensiveness. With proper formatting, positioning, and structure of a thesis, a reader is likely to grasp the idea within the first 4 seconds of reading the thesis.

Review Our Quality Dissertation Examples

Get Free 3+ Dissertation Topics Within 24 Hours

With that said, let's understand what it takes to restate a thesis that remains accurate and relevant till the end.

3-Step Dissertation Process!

Get 3+ Topics

Dissertation Proposal

Get Final Dissertation

Step 1    analyze the original thesis statement.

Proper Analysis is the key to identifying the loopholes in any thesis statement. If your original thesis statement looks incomplete or dull, repeat the initial research required for writing.

Below is a quick checklist to analyze your final thesis statement for better readability

• Identify the key ideas
• Repeat your arguments
• Present your claims
• Keep your focus in one place
• Always keep the central argument in focus

Step 2: Revise your Thesis Statement

Starting from the first thesis statement, it's a summary of your subject used to support the argument of the entire thesis.

It is the first thing a reader reads at the start of a thesis, also often considered the main idea of the essay.

How to Write A Thesis Statement? Expert Tips and Examples

The easiest way to restate a thesis is by replacing complex words with simpler nouns. Doing this work helps avoid repetition, captures the main idea of the thesis, and keeps things fresh.

To restate your thesis statement, pick one strong idea you would like to talk about in the entire thesis.

Step 3: Summarise the Main Points

Once you're done restating your thesis statement, the next step is to summarise all the other important points you're going to cover in the thesis.

Exploring the ideas will help you better convey your message in fewer words.

To summarise the main points, pick the central argument and brainstorm other related ideas that you can think of from the reader's perspective.

Summarize Well: How to Write a Good Executive Summary?

Step 4: Use Active Voice

Writing a thesis in Active voice makes it 10x more impactful than using passive voice. With a quick manual check, you can easily highlight sentences that can be changed into passive voice. Extract those abstracts and use a passive-to-active converter.

Step 5: Be Specific

Specificity is the key to a good thesis; nothing else can beat that. To be specific with your research, state strong points with references. Don't try to be vague or use fancy words that have a negative impact on the thesis.

Step 6: Build Connections

A thesis is a set of connected ideas collected to reinforce the central argument. Restating a thesis is another name for creating connections with main points.

Try to use more transitions that connect one paragraph to the other without killing the main crux of the idea.

However, make sure of the consistency so that it keeps the reader from the main idea.

Step 7: Give it a Final Thought

Adding a personal touch to your thesis statement can be the ultimate deal sealer.

After every paragraph, go through your thesis and make any changes required.

This step helps you add or subtract anything for a better restatement of your thesis.

At this point, you can also add CTAs, revise the final thoughts, shorten your concluding remarks, and add a small reflection paragraph at the end to summarise everything.

Step 8: Check for consistency

Consistency is a must-have for any thesis that has to be published online. Once you're done with your thesis, check for consistency if any paragraph of your thesis needs to be more consistent.

Some of the easy ways to make a thesis consistent are:

• Clearly state the focus of your essay.
• Use a parallel structure in your easy
• Try to add more verbs and only talk about the main point of your thesis.
• Use consistent terminology in the thesis that makes it easy for readers to understand.
• Take care of the formal tone of the essay. Avoid changing tone in between and stick to the same tone & voice for the entire thesis.
• Use traditions to feed the curiosity of your reader. Always look for ways to add logic and avoid complex terms that may confuse the reader.

Step 9: Write for the Audience

The main objective of a thesis is to inform the reader of the latest facts and updates about a topic or subject.

Take a moment to think of the language they would like to read. Keep the tone informative and friendly for better comprehension of the idea.

Make every sentence clear and complete so the reader doesn't have to research from external sources.

Step 10: Use Emoticons

Using the right emotions at the right place is key to attracting the reader in the first 10 seconds.

Whether you want to connect with the audience or reinforce the arguments for better understanding, using emotions is the key.

Ending with a Verdict

Though a research thesis doesn't allow an individual's opinion or interests, giving a neutral verdict, dissent sounds like a bad idea.

Some common examples of a verdict include.

• an ending statement that summarizes the whole idea of the thesis
• A Call to action or CTA that guides the readers on what to do next
• An unbiased recommendation discussed mutually in the thesis
• A reflection statement that describes the broader implications of the topic

Step 11: Edit, Format, and Publish

Like any content, your research thesis also needs to be revised during the final editing.

It's the time when you should edit the essay to ensure it's clear, complete, and error-free.

The good idea is to spare an hour to review any possible errors that may create an inconsistency with your content.

Once done editing, consider formatting the thesis in a way that looks read well. Avoid stuffing all the information in a single paragraph but try to break your idea into multiple sections.

Checklist for Restating a Thesis

• Be specific about the introduction and build arguments.
• Answer why, what, and how this research thesis is going to be helpful
• Choose a topic sentence that represents your thesis in less than 15 words
• Conclude the thesis to summarise the whole idea
• Offer new arguments and back them with factual information
• Try to convey more information in fewer words
• Draw a vision for the thesis before writing
• Focus on the goal and only give justification for that
• Don't hesitate to find and include new ideas in every paragraph
• Check the flow of the paragraph and delete any unnecessary information.

Acknowledgement for Thesis & Dissertation: A Guide on How to Write Acknowledgement for Dissertation

Questions to Ask Yourself Before Restating a Thesis

Unlike blogs or articles, a thesis is not just stuffing information into paragraphs, but it's more than that.

Before writing a thesis, make sure to ask yourself a few questions. Such ae

• Did I fulfil the goal of the thesis
• Have I solved the challenges for the reader
• Is it thesis specific for the target audience
• Does my thesis answer the what, why, and how to question
• Does my thesis have an impact on words

How to Know if Your Thesis is Strong

A strong thesis allows a better understanding of the idea discussed

While there are many ways to know if your thesis is strong, the easiest thing to do is review it yourself and ask a few questions.

• Have I constructed the thesis the right way?
• Have I created a connection between the A and B factor
• Have I made my thesis specific enough
• Does my thesis clarify all the objections?
• Does my thesis support the thesis or topic statement
• Is my thesis relevant to the reader's concern?
• Does my thesis propose a useful solution?

How to Improve Your Thesis?

Improving an existing thesis is not a hard nut to crack. All you need to do is run a few manual checks to ensure everything is in place.

Here are a few things you can do to improve your thesis

• Back with Strong Evidence

Having strong evidence is the only way to make your thesis effective.

Add evidence that makes sure your thesis is provable by evidence.

• Keep it Short and Precise

No one likes to read stacks of long paragraphs with overstuffed information. Try to keep your thesis strong, clear, and to the point.

Delete excess information that is of no use to the thesis.

• Focus on one Solution

A good thesis should not propose more than one solution to the reader. The simplest idea is not to give other distractions to the reader.

Stick to one idea and create more content that justifies the requirements.

Restating a thesis is not the hardest thing to o. With a small share of effort, you can easily manage to restate a thesis that doesn't seem repeated, arguable, or reinforced.

Your thesis should work around one idea or central argument only.

The process needs careful Analysis, attention to detail, and an in-depth understanding of the audience.

Start by restating your thesis statement and try to retain the original essence of your thesis without any repetition or forceful reinforcement.

FAQs about Restating Your Thesis

Get 3+ free dissertation topics within 24 hours.

Your Number

Academic Level Select Academic Level Undergraduate Masters PhD

Area of Research

Related posts

What is Conventions in Writing | Definition, Importance & Examples

Understanding TOK Concepts: A Beginner’s Guide

Research Hypotheses: Directional vs. Non-Directional Hypotheses

Comments are closed.

• Buy Custom Assignment
• Custom College Papers
• Buy Dissertation
• Buy Research Papers
• Buy Custom Term Papers
• Cheap Custom Term Papers
• Custom Courseworks
• Custom Thesis Papers
• Custom Expository Essays
• Custom Plagiarism Check
• Cheap Custom Essay
• Custom Argumentative Essays
• Custom Case Study
• Custom Annotated Bibliography
• Custom Book Report
• How It Works
• +1 (888) 398 0091
• Essay Samples
• Essay Topics
• Research Topics
• Uncategorized
• Writing Tips

How to Restate Your Thesis: 5 Strategies

November 22, 2023

Examining the Purpose of Restating Your Thesis

Restating your thesis in the conclusion of your essay serves a vital purpose in reinforcing the main argument and leaving a lasting impact on your readers. This section will explore the significance of restating your thesis and why it is not merely a repetitive exercise.

• Reinforcement: Restating your thesis reaffirms the central idea of your essay. By reasserting your main argument, you emphasize its importance and remind readers of the key point you want them to remember.
• Summarization: Restating your thesis allows you to summarize the main points and evidence presented in your essay. It provides a succinct overview that helps consolidate the information and reinforce your main argument.
• Closure: Restating your thesis brings a sense of closure to your essay. It signals to the reader that you have reached the end of your discussion and allows for a satisfying and cohesive conclusion.
• Lasting Impact: By restating your thesis effectively, you can leave a lasting impression on your readers. It helps solidify your argument in their minds and prompts them to reflect upon the ideas presented long after reading your essay.

In the following sections, we will explore various strategies and examples to help you master the art of restating your thesis in a compelling and impactful way.

5 Strategies for Effective Restatement of Your Thesis

Restating your thesis effectively requires more than simply repeating your thesis statement. Instead, it involves summarizing your main points and findings while communicating the overall significance of the argument.

Summarize Your Main Points

Summarizing your main points is a crucial step in restating your thesis effectively. It allows you to remind your readers of the key arguments, evidence, and examples presented in your essay. Here are some strategies to help you summarize your main points:

• Identify the main points: Review your essay and identify the main arguments or supporting points that you have made. These are the key ideas that contribute to your overall thesis.
• Condense the information: Take each main point and condense it into a concise statement that captures its essence. Avoid going into too much detail or providing new information. Focus on the core message of each point.
• Use bullet points or numbered lists: If applicable, present your main points as a list. This can help readers grasp the key arguments quickly and easily. Bullet points or numbered lists also create a visual break in the text, making it more reader-friendly.
• Order your main points strategically: Arrange your main points in a logical order that reinforces the flow of your essay. Consider prioritizing the most impactful or strongest evidence first.
• Avoid repetition: While summarizing your main points, be mindful of avoiding repetition. Restate each point in a way that adds value and emphasizes its significance without redundantly restating the exact same information.

By effectively summarizing your main points, you provide a concise overview of your essay’s key arguments and reinforce the foundation of your thesis.

Paraphrase Your Thesis Statement

Paraphrasing your thesis statement is an essential aspect of restating your thesis effectively. It involves expressing the main idea of your essay in a different way, using different words and sentence structures. Here are some strategies to help you paraphrase your thesis statement:

Change the sentence structure: Instead of using the same sentence structure as your original thesis statement, try rearranging the words and sentence structure to create a fresh and engaging restatement.

Example: Original thesis: “Climate change is a global problem that requires immediate action.” Paraphrased restatement: “Urgent measures are necessary to address the worldwide issue of climate change.”

Use synonyms and alternative words: Replace specific terms in your thesis statement with synonyms or related words. This not only helps avoid repetition but also adds depth and clarity to your restatement.

Example: Original thesis: “Education is crucial for societal progress.” Paraphrased restatement: “The advancement of societies heavily relies on the importance of education.”

Maintain the core message: While paraphrasing your thesis statement, ensure that the main idea or message remains intact. The restatement should still convey the central argument of your essay.

Example: Original thesis: “The government should implement stricter regulations on the usage of plastic to reduce environmental pollution.” Paraphrased restatement: “To combat environmental pollution, it is imperative for the government to enforce more stringent regulations regarding plastic consumption.”

By effectively paraphrasing your thesis statement, you provide a fresh perspective on your argument while staying true to the core message of your essay.

Connect Your Thesis to a Larger Idea or Context

Connecting your thesis to a larger idea or context helps emphasize the broader significance of your argument. It allows readers to understand the relevance and implications of your thesis statement in a broader context. Here are some strategies to help you connect your thesis to a larger idea or context:

Highlight the broader impact: Discuss how your thesis statement relates to a larger societal, cultural, or academic issue. Explain why understanding or addressing your thesis statement is essential in the larger scheme of things.

Example: Original thesis: “The portrayal of women in media perpetuates harmful stereotypes.” Restatement connected to a larger context: “Challenging the portrayal of women in media is an integral part of the ongoing fight for gender equality and empowering women.”

Provide historical or current examples: Demonstrate how your thesis statement connects to historical events, current affairs, or prominent figures. This highlights the relevance of your argument in a larger and recognizable context.

Example: Original thesis: “Corruption undermines the integrity of democratic systems.” Restatement connected to a larger context: “Throughout history, instances of corruption have been notorious for eroding trust in democratic institutions and fostering public disillusionment.”

Discuss the wider implications: Analyze the consequences or wider implications of your thesis statement beyond the scope of your essay. This helps readers understand the significance of your argument and its potential impact.

Example: Original thesis: “Automation in the workforce necessitates the need for reskilling and upskilling.” Restatement connected to a larger context: “The rapid advancement of automation technology not only requires individuals to adapt and acquire new skills but also poses significant challenges for educational institutions and policymakers in preparing the workforce of the future.”

By connecting your thesis to a larger idea or context, you demonstrate the broader relevance and impact of your argument, providing a deeper understanding for your readers.

Adding New Information or Ideas

While restating your thesis, you may want to introduce new information or ideas that support or expand upon your original argument. This can help enrich your restatement and provide further insight for your readers. Here are some strategies to add new information or ideas when restating your thesis:

• Present additional evidence: Introduce new evidence or examples that strengthen your argument and support your thesis statement. This shows that your original thesis is well-founded and backed by solid evidence.
• Include relevant statistics or research findings: Incorporate relevant statistics or research findings that further validate your thesis statement. This adds credibility and demonstrates a deep understanding of your topic.
• Discuss alternative perspectives: Address counterarguments or opposing viewpoints and explain how your thesis statement still holds strong despite these alternatives. This showcases critical thinking and strengthens the overall persuasiveness of your argument.
• Propose future implications or areas for further exploration: Suggest possible future developments or areas for further research and analysis related to your thesis statement. This expands the scope of your argument and encourages further engagement with the topic.
• Connect to current events or trends: Relate your thesis statement to ongoing current events or emerging trends. By highlighting the relevance of your argument to contemporary issues, you make your restatement more relatable and impactful.

Remember to integrate new information or ideas seamlessly into your restatement, ensuring they enhance and build upon your original thesis in a cohesive and logical manner.

Changing the Stance of Your Thesis

Sometimes, it can be effective to restate your thesis by presenting a different perspective or changing the stance of your original argument. This adds complexity and nuance to your restatement, engaging readers with a fresh viewpoint. Here are some strategies for changing the stance of your thesis:

• Acknowledge counterarguments: Address opposing viewpoints or critiques of your original thesis statement. Show that you have considered alternative perspectives and are open to a balanced discussion.
• Present a different angle: Introduce a related but contrasting aspect of your topic. This allows you to present a new interpretation or highlight a lesser-known aspect, challenging conventional thinking.
• Offer a qualified stance: Adjust the certainty or absoluteness of your thesis statement. Use words and phrases like “it is probable,” “it is likely,” or “there may be exceptions” to indicate a more nuanced or conditional stance.
• Explore the limitations: Discuss the limitations or constraints of your original thesis statement. This demonstrates critical thinking and an understanding of the complexities involved in your topic.

By changing the stance of your thesis, you demonstrate intellectual flexibility and engage readers with a thought-provoking restatement that encourages further exploration and discussion.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Restating Your Thesis

Restating a thesis statement is a crucial step in effectively summarizing your main argument and reinforcing its significance. However, there are some common mistakes that should be avoided in order to maintain clarity and coherence. Here are some pitfalls to steer clear of when restating your thesis:

• Repetition of the exact same words: While restating your thesis, strive to express the main idea using different words and sentence structures. Repetition can make your restatement sound monotonous and redundant.
• Adding new information or ideas: Remember that restating your thesis is about summarizing and reaffirming your original argument, rather than introducing new information or ideas. Avoid incorporating unrelated or irrelevant content in your restatement.
• Changing the meaning of your thesis: Ensure that the restatement maintains the same core message or main argument as your original thesis statement. Avoid altering the meaning or taking a completely different stance without proper justification.
• Being too vague or general: Avoid being overly broad or generic when restating your thesis. Aim to provide a concise and specific restatement that accurately captures the main focus of your essay.
• Not addressing the main points of your essay: Your restatement should reflect the key points and supporting arguments discussed in your essay. Neglecting to encompass these important elements can weaken the overall effectiveness of your restatement.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can successfully restate your thesis statement in a manner that reinforces your main argument while maintaining clarity and coherence.

Sociology Research Topics Ideas

Importance of Computer in Nursing Practice Essay

History Research Paper Topics For Students

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related emails.

Latest Articles

Navigating the complexities of a Document-Based Question (DBQ) essay can be daunting, especially given its unique blend of historical analysis...

An introduction speech stands as your first opportunity to connect with an audience, setting the tone for the message you...

Embarking on the journey to write a rough draft for an essay is not just a task but a pivotal...

I want to feel as happy, as your customers do, so I'd better order now

We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept All”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent.

Thesis Helpers

Find the best tips and advice to improve your writing. Or, have a top expert write your paper.

Easy-To-Use Guide On How To Restate a Thesis in 2023

So, you have painstakingly written your paper intro, body, and now you are stuck on how to restate a thesis in conclusion. Well, you are not alone, my friend! Many college and university students go through what you are experiencing now.

Nevertheless, do not panic. In this top-tier post, you will see how to restate a thesis statement effortlessly and fantastically. Keep on reading to get your problem solved by the experts today.

What Does Restate Thesis Mean?

For us to have better grounding, we have first to understand what restating means? It denotes stating an idea again or differently, especially more transparently or convincingly.

In most papers, this short part forms the first sentence of the conclusion paragraph. As you state the thesis again in a new way, you help the reader recap the original thesis statement, especially in a long paper.

How Do You Rephrase a Thesis Statement?

There are a plethora of ways to restate a thesis statement. However, a successful thesis restatement ought to remind your readers of what you have proven in your body paragraphs. It should also help to bring your research paper to a successful close.

Below are professional steps to guide you when you are thinking about a thesis restatement:

• Where do I want to restate my thesis?

The first step is to determine where you’d want to fit your thesis restatement in the conclusion paragraph. Most students think that it is supposed to be the first sentence of the concluding section. However, that is not the case.

You can decide to place it at the beginning, middle, or end of your summarizing paragraph. The goal is to remind your reader of the main idea while still maintain a sense of creativity and high writing standards.

Therefore, you can draft a rough conclusion and identify a suitable place for your thesis restatement before writing the final paper.

• What have I discussed in the body paragraphs?

By the time you write your conclusion, you have already exhausted everything; the reader needs to know the original thesis statement. Therefore, you have ‘an informed reader’ by the time you are thinking to restate thesis statement.

Why is this important to know?

It helps you draw your thesis restatement from the arguments you’ve raised in the body paragraphs. The restated thesis will, therefore, provide a greater level of sophistication to the original statement.

How To Rephrase a Thesis

It is no secret that paraphrasing as a whole is not an easy task. At this point, after writing your five-paragraph paper, your mind might be saturated, and rephrasing can seem like calculating a calculus equation.

But you can still achieve this task and accurately. Scroll down to see how?

• The ‘so what’ question

Professionals have unanimously agreed that this is the backbone of any thesis restatement. This question explains the significance of the original idea. When you revisit it in conclusion, it will prompt the reader to see why it was worth his/her time.

For instance, if you have a paper about cheating among students – the ‘so what’ question can address its meaning for the students and instructors. Look at the restate thesis example for this illustration: “Because cheating in exams depends on more than just the copy-pasting, it is crucial that students know about how cheating occurs.”

• Avoid apologizing

At this point, you have given your defense in more than four body paragraphs; why should you be apologizing now? It will only make your conclusion look weak and write off all the body paragraphs’ strides.

Desist from phrases such as “it seems like or it is possible” when restating your thesis.

However, when the original thesis uses this conditional language, then an exception is made. You should maintain a high level of confidence at all costs, even in such a case. Have faith that you have done justice to your thesis statement.

• Clichés are a no-go-zone

You all know how tedious and frustrating clichés can be on the part of the reader. Whenever you use words like ‘in conclusion or in summary,’ you will turn off your reader. Who doesn’t know that the last paragraph is a conclusion or summary?

Take a fresh perspective from the norm to make your conclusion paragraph thrilling and exciting. It will also show your maturity level in writing through the original and creative phrases you choose to use.

Rewording a Thesis

Are you supposed to reword your thesis in the conclusion paragraph? The answer is yes! As we have seen hitherto, rewording a thesis statement gives it a new and captivating outlook. Your conclusion will not appear blunt or dull when you re-write the thesis statement word for word.

So how do you achieve this task?

• By changing the structure

To have a dissimilar thesis statement from the original, you have to alter its language and structure. It also applies to the clauses used in the original thesis.

Use different parts of speech to begin our thesis restatement. For example, if you start the original thesis with a subject, begin the paraphrase with a prepositional phrase. Here is an example of how to do that:

Original thesis: “Students in college and university are fond of copying and cheating.” Thesis restatement: “In many colleges and universities, students copy and cheat in their exams.”

• Use different words altogether.

Make use of synonyms to the words used in the original thesis. Your word processor’s thesaurus function could be a good starting point. However, ensure that the words you choose bear the same meaning as the original ones.

• Break the points up

If you had an original thesis with one long sentence, you could split it up in two or three manageable sentences. After doing this, you can spread the sentences across the conclusion paragraph to break the monotony.

• Consider changing the tense.

Juggling between the present and past tense is a good strategy for rewording a thesis.

For instance, “I will discuss the impacts of exam cheating” to “I explained how deleterious cheating can be to students.”

How Long Does a Thesis Restate Have To Be?

In most cases, the conclusion paragraph accounts for 5-7% of the whole paper . Therefore, you should consider the overall word count of the entire piece first. After doing this, you will take the number of words you intend to use for your introduction and body paragraphs.

Once you determine the difference between these two, you can know the number of words to use for your thesis restatement. Either way, the number of words should not deter you from coming up with a quality thesis restate in conclusion.

Using the tips above guarantees you a top-notch restate of your thesis. If you wish to use cheap expert writing help to restate your thesis, our experienced writers are on standby.

Hit the ‘Order Now’ button and get your paper started!

Make PhD experience your own

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

• Write my thesis
• Thesis writers
• Buy thesis papers
• Bachelor thesis
• Master's thesis
• Thesis editing services
• Thesis proofreading services
• Buy a thesis online
• Write my dissertation
• Dissertation proposal help
• Pay for dissertation
• Custom dissertation
• Dissertation help online
• Buy dissertation online
• Cheap dissertation
• Dissertation editing services
• Write my research paper
• Buy research paper online
• Pay for research paper
• Research paper help
• Order research paper
• Custom research paper
• Cheap research paper
• Research papers for sale
• Thesis subjects
• How It Works

How To Restate a Thesis: Original Approach To The Issue

After writing a thesis or thesis statement at the beginning of your paper, you may need to restate it at some point in the essay. This article explains how to restate the thesis statement correctly. Restating the thesis is a crucial part of the conclusion of your essay. It simply indicates that you have reached the end of your article, and you need to reflect on the points you put down and why. We have written this guide to help students know the restate thesis definition, how to rephrase a thesis, the process of rewording the thesis, and everything in between. Here we go.

What is a Restated Thesis?

How to restate thesis, restatement of thesis example sentences to guide you, tips for restating a thesis, how to restate a question in an essay, how to restate your thesis in the conclusion, why do you need our experts to restate the thesis statement.

By definition, restating a thesis or “reworded thesis” refers to stating the initial theory of your essay using different words. A restated thesis generally appears at the end as you conclude your paper. Restating a thesis is done using different wording while still maintaining your initial stand.

Many students are not sure of how to restate the thesis. It no longer means simply summarizing what was said earlier in your restate thesis statement. Here’s how to restate your thesis:

• Address the ‘so what’ question . When answering the ‘so what’ question, you’re addressing the paramount importance of your thesis statement. The purpose is to show the reader why it was worth their time.
• Don’t weaken your points. After putting down points to strengthen your thesis statement, using words such as ‘there’s a chance or, ‘it may seem,’ only weakens the points written earlier. Stick to the tone you began with while writing the thesis statement.
• Use the ‘new question’ strategy. Another how to restate a thesis example is to pose a new question from the earlier points. By doing this, you invite the reader to a new thought made possible by the points put down to defend your thesis. This method gives your restated idea a new refreshed look.

The following sentences answer the question: what does restate thesis mean? However, everything is expressed in each restated thesis example for better understanding.

• Original statement : Reading books is suitable for children. Restated thesis :  Book reading develops critical thinking in children.
• Original statement : World War 1 was a mistake. Restated thesis : Different factors have concluded that the First World War could have been avoided.
• Original statement : Homeschooling negatively impacts children. Restated thesis : Learning at home affects a child’s social development negatively.

Decide Where You’d Like To Do Your Restatement

Many writers tend to restate the thesis statement at the start of the conclusion. But this doesn’t mean that the restatement should always be the first sentence. Writing a rough draft of your conclusion will give you an idea of the right place to add your thesis before you even write it.

When restating a thesis, you can start the conclusion with rhetorical advice or a question, instead of a thesis restatement. Although writing may follow set formulas, the laws for writing the conclusion are not set in stone. You may want to play around with different positions for the thesis restatement before you find out a suitable one.

Make Use Of The Information From The Rest Of The Essay

When someone reads the original thesis statement in your introduction, he or she hadn’t read the rest of the content. But, by now, the reader is familiar with everything in the body of your paper. You can use this to help you restate a thesis by using the details discussed or the relationship established throughout the essay.

Using thesis restatement, you can create an emotional impact on your original essay.

For instance, if the initial argument was that “ it’s dangerous to purchase pets as holiday gifts ,” you may go ahead and restate the thesis as follows, “ Remember buying a puppy for a Christmas gift may look like a fantastic idea at first. However, it may lead to a tragedy of a homeless animal when Easter comes.”

Besides, you can restate the thesis to bolster the relationship you’ve already created with the reader. For example, if the paper was about building partnerships in business, you may want to start the thesis restatement as follows, “As a focused business person…..” Writing this way makes the restatement look a bit different from your original thesis statement. It also helps to draw important connections with important aspects of your essay.

Address The “So What” Question

A strong thesis statement should always answer the ‘so what’ question. That means it informs your audience why the argument is significant. In other words, why should the reader care about the topic?

Restating the issue, in conclusion, will help to give it the weight it deserves. For example, after composing an essay on the use of alcohol in college, you may address the ‘so what’ question in conclusion by stating what it means for college students in general.

For instance, you may restate it in the following manner, “ Because alcohol abuse goes beyond the legal drinking age, students should be enlightened more about alcohol abuse. Also, college authorities should broaden their perspective to include a wide array of aspects.”

Avoid Clichés

When you want to restate the thesis in your conclusion, try to avoid using phrases, such as “in conclusion,” “summing,” “in sum,” and other common ones. Such expressions are overworked and frequent, and using them may show your lack of creativity and originality.

Instead, take a fresh perspective of what you mentioned in the essay, which is the purpose of your restatement. 

Don’t Apologize

When thinking about how to restate a thesis statement, you should assume that you’ve provided sufficient proof in your essay and thus, no room for apologies. Apologizing could weaken the conclusion paragraph and your entire paper as a whole.

Thus, when restating a thesis, avoid using phrases such as, “It seems like…” or “it’s possible that…” 

An exemption is if such a conditional language was part of your original thesis, and the essay is about a subject matter that’s a possibility rather than something certain. You should maintain a high degree of evidence. 

And while writing with confidence is essential for your essay’s success, it’s critical to know when an opposing view exists so you avoid using absolute statements that may alienate readers. Be confident in your stance, and know that your point is proven.

• How To Ensure a Thesis Restatement Differs From The Thesis

As earlier mentioned, when restating a thesis, ensure it’s different from the original thesis statement . To achieve that, you should:

Change The Structure

While trying to figure out how to restate a thesis, in conclusion, you want to ensure the restatement is different from the initial thesis. The two should differ in language as well as in structure. Besides, this should be the case in all clauses used within sentences.

So, How Do You Vary The Sentence Structure?

Start the sentence with a different part of speech. For example, if the original thesis starts with a prepositional phrase, then you should ensure the thesis restatement starts with the sentence’s subject. 

If, for instance, your thesis reads, “ At the start of the nineteenth century, in the United States, congress officials…”  then your thesis restatement may start like this, “ Congress officials in the early nineteenth century…”

The other method of changing the sentence structure is to highlight your points in a different order. For the most part, thesis statements have three ideas mentioned in the order that you will discuss in the essay body. When restarting a thesis, you can present your points in a different order.

Vary The Tense

At the beginning of your essay, you probably wrote the thesis statement in the future tense, letting the readers know what you intend to cover in the essay.

For example, the thesis may read,  “This paper will examine the effects of second-hand smoke on health.”  

When restarting the thesis, you should change that to past tense, so you inform your readers what you’ve talked about in the paper.

For instance, “The paper explained the different ways in which second-hand smoke can affect someone’s health.”

A restate thesis example is to use a question stem to assist you in writing a thesis statement. Make sure that every part of the question gets answered. If there are several questions, answer them separately.

Many students ask how to reword a thesis statement correctly. Restating the thesis is a skill many would like to have. Fortunately, this article is here to enlighten you on ways to do it accurately.

When restarting a thesis, in conclusion, paraphrase your thesis statement using different words. Be sure to mention the crucial points stated earlier, summarizing how they support your thesis statement. Use a different structure while leaving a message to the reader, such as a call to action.

Among the questions we get is ‘do you restate your thesis in the conclusion all the time?’ It is important to restate your thesis statement while concluding your essay to give a fresh look.

When you pay our experts to restate your thesis, they seriously take this task. We’ll reword the thesis but maintain its meaning. We’ll also make sure that your restated thesis mentions the crucial points of your essay and make it look professionally done.

In addition, we also offer other services besides restating thesis statements, such as writing dissertations, term papers, assignments, and many other writing services that you may require. We also deliver high-quality work.

Call Us Now for Thesis Restatement Services

Do you need your thesis restated, written, or any other writing service? Our experts can handle this task and will deliver high-quality work. We also work hand in hand with our clients to translate your thesis statement to your specifications. We ensure that we complete your task well before the deadlines and offer competitive prices.

Restating a thesis is a valuable skill that every student should have, besides knowing the restate thesis meaning. However, this is not usually the case. The skill takes time to perfect. Don’t be discouraged by this fact as we also offer tutor services to answer your ‘how do you restate?’ question.

So the next time you search the words ‘how do I restate my thesis,’ always remember that we’re available to assist you every step of the way. Order your paper now.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

• Skip to Content
• Skip to Main Navigation
• Skip to Search

Indiana University Bloomington Indiana University Bloomington IU Bloomington

• Mission, Vision, and Inclusive Language Statement
• Locations & Hours
• Undergraduate Employment
• Graduate Employment
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Newsletter Archive
• Support WTS
• Schedule an Appointment
• Online Tutoring
• Before your Appointment
• WTS Policies
• Group Tutoring
• Students Referred by Instructors
• Paid External Editing Services
• Writing Guides
• Scholarly Write-in
• Dissertation Writing Groups
• Journal Article Writing Groups
• Early Career Graduate Student Writing Workshop
• Workshops for Graduate Students
• Teaching Resources
• Syllabus Information
• Course-specific Tutoring
• Nominate a Peer Tutor
• Tutoring Feedback
• Schedule Appointment
• Campus Writing Program

Writing Tutorial Services

Writing conclusions.

Though expectations vary from one discipline to the next, the conclusion of your paper is generally a place to explore the implications of your topic or argument. In other words, the end of your paper is a place to look outward or ahead in order to explain why you made the points you did.

Writing the Conclusion

In the past, you may have been told that your conclusion should summarize what you have already said by restating your thesis and main points. It is often helpful to restate your argument in the conclusion, particularly in a longer paper, but most professors and instructors want students to go beyond simply repeating what they have already said. Restating your thesis is just a short first part of your conclusion. Make sure that you are not simply repeating yourself; your restated thesis should use new and interesting language.

After you have restated your thesis, you should not just summarize the key points of your argument. Your conclusion should offer the reader something new to think about—or, at the very least, it should offer the reader a new way of thinking about what you have said in your paper.

You can employ one of several strategies for taking your conclusion that important step further:

• Answer the question, "So what?"
• Connect to a larger theme from the course
• Complicate your claim with an outside source
• Pose a new research question as a result of your paper's findings
• Address the limitations of your argument

The strategy you employ in writing a conclusion for your paper may depend upon a number of factors:

• The conventions of the discipline in which you are writing
• The tone of your paper (whether your paper is analytical, argumentative, explanatory, etc.)
• Whether your paper is meant to be formal or informal

Choose a strategy that best maintains the flow and tone of your paper while allowing you to adequately tie together all aspects of your paper.

The Final "So what?" Strategy

Part of generating a thesis statement sometimes requires answering the "so what?" question—that is, explaining the significance of your basic assertion. When you use the "so what?" strategy to write your conclusion, you are considering what some of the implications of your argument might be beyond the points already made in your paper. This strategy allows you to leave readers with an understanding of why your argument is important in a broader context or how it can apply to a larger concept.

For example, consider a paper about alcohol abuse in universities. If the paper argues that alcohol abuse among students depends more on psychological factors than simply the availability of alcohol on campus, a "so what?" conclusion might tie together threads from the body of the paper to suggest that universities are not approaching alcohol education from the most effective perspective when they focus exclusively on limiting students' access to alcohol.

To use this strategy, ask yourself, "How does my argument affect how I approach the text or issue?"

The "Connecting to a Course Theme" Strategy

When you use the "connecting to a course theme" strategy to write your conclusion, you are establishing a connection between your paper's thesis and a larger theme or idea from the course for which you are writing your paper.

For example, consider a paper about mothers and daughters in Eudora Welty's Delta Wedding for a class called "The Inescapable South." This paper argues that a strong dependence on the mother is analogous to a strong dependence on the South. A "connecting to a course theme" conclusion for this paper might propose that Welty's daughter characters demonstrate what type of people can and cannot escape the South.

To use this strategy, ask yourself, "What is an overall theme of this course? How does my paper's thesis connect?"

The "Complicating Your Claim" Strategy

When you use the "complicating your claim" strategy to write your conclusion, you are using one or more additional resources to develop a more nuanced final thesis. Such additional resources could include a new outside source or textual evidence that seemingly contradicts your argument.

For example, consider a paper about Ireland's neutrality during World War II. This paper argues that Ireland refused to enter the war because it wanted to assert its sovereignty, not because it had no opinion about the conflict. A "complicating your claim" conclusion for this paper might provide historical evidence that Ireland did aid the Allies, suggesting that the Irish were more influenced by international diplomacy than their formal neutrality might suggest.

To use this strategy, ask yourself, "Is there any evidence against my thesis?" or "What does an outside source have to say about my thesis?"

The "Posing a New Question" Strategy

When you use the "posing a new question" strategy to write your conclusion, you are inviting the reader to consider a new idea or question that has appeared as a result of your argument.

For example, consider a paper about three versions of the folktale "Rapunzel." This paper argues that German, Italian, and Filipino versions of "Rapunzel" all vary in terms of characterization, plot development, and moral, and as a result have different themes. A "posing a new question" conclusion for this paper might ask the historical and cultural reasons for how three separate cultures developed such similar stories with such different themes.

To use this strategy, ask yourself, "What new question has developed out of my argument?"

The "Addressing Limitations" Strategy

When you use the "addressing limitations" strategy to write your conclusion, you are discussing the possible weaknesses of your argument and, thus, the fallibility of your overall conclusion. This strategy is often useful in concluding papers on scientific studies and experiments.

For example, consider a paper about an apparent correlation between religious belief and support for terrorism. An "addressing limitations" conclusion for this paper might suggest that the apparent correlation relies on the paper's definition of "terrorism" and, since the definition is not objective, the apparent correlation might have been wrongly identified.

To use this strategy, ask yourself, "In what aspects is my argument lacking? Are there circumstances in which my conclusions might be wrong?"

Polishing Your Conclusion—and Your Paper

After you've completed your conclusion, look over what you have written and consider making some small changes to promote clarity and originality:

• Unless your discipline requires them, remove obvious transitions like "in conclusion," "in summary," and "in result" from your conclusion; they get in the way of the actual substance of your conclusion.
• Consider taking a strong phrase from your conclusion and using it as the title or subtitle of your paper.

Also, be sure to proofread your conclusion carefully for errors and typos. You should double-check your entire paper for accuracy and correct spelling as well.

Produced by Writing Tutorial Services, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN

Writing Tutorial Services social media channels

Reference management. Clean and simple.

How to write an excellent thesis conclusion [with examples]

Restate the thesis

Review or reiterate key points of your work, explain why your work is relevant, a take-away for the reader, more resources on writing thesis conclusions, frequently asked questions about writing an excellent thesis conclusion, related articles.

At this point in your writing, you have most likely finished your introduction and the body of your thesis, dissertation, or research paper . While this is a reason to celebrate, you should not underestimate the importance of your conclusion. The conclusion is the last thing that your reader will see, so it should be memorable.

A good conclusion will review the key points of the thesis and explain to the reader why the information is relevant, applicable, or related to the world as a whole. Make sure to dedicate enough of your writing time to the conclusion and do not put it off until the very last minute.

This article provides an effective technique for writing a conclusion adapted from Erika Eby’s The College Student's Guide to Writing a Good Research Paper: 101 Easy Tips & Tricks to Make Your Work Stand Out .

While the thesis introduction starts out with broad statements about the topic, and then narrows it down to the thesis statement , a thesis conclusion does the same in the opposite order.

• Restate the thesis.
• Review or reiterate key points of your work.
• Explain why your work is relevant.
• Include a core take-away message for the reader.

Tip: Don’t just copy and paste your thesis into your conclusion. Restate it in different words.

The best way to start a conclusion is simply by restating the thesis statement. That does not mean just copying and pasting it from the introduction, but putting it into different words.

You will need to change the structure and wording of it to avoid sounding repetitive. Also, be firm in your conclusion just as you were in the introduction. Try to avoid sounding apologetic by using phrases like "This paper has tried to show..."

The conclusion should address all the same parts as the thesis while making it clear that the reader has reached the end. You are telling the reader that your research is finished and what your findings are.

I have argued throughout this work that the point of critical mass for biopolitical immunity occurred during the Romantic period because of that era's unique combination of post-revolutionary politics and innovations in smallpox prevention. In particular, I demonstrated that the French Revolution and the discovery of vaccination in the 1790s triggered a reconsideration of the relationship between bodies and the state.

Tip: Try to reiterate points from your introduction in your thesis conclusion.

The next step is to review the main points of the thesis as a whole. Look back at the body of of your project and make a note of the key ideas. You can reword these ideas the same way you reworded your thesis statement and then incorporate that into the conclusion.

You can also repeat striking quotations or statistics, but do not use more than two. As the conclusion represents your own closing thoughts on the topic , it should mainly consist of your own words.

In addition, conclusions can contain recommendations to the reader or relevant questions that further the thesis. You should ask yourself:

• What you would ideally like to see your readers do in reaction to your paper?
• Do you want them to take a certain action or investigate further?
• Is there a bigger issue that your paper wants to draw attention to?

Also, try to reference your introduction in your conclusion. You have already taken a first step by restating your thesis. Now, check whether there are other key words, phrases or ideas that are mentioned in your introduction that fit into your conclusion. Connecting the introduction to the conclusion in this way will help readers feel satisfied.

I explored how Mary Wollstonecraft, in both her fiction and political writings, envisions an ideal medico-political state, and how other writers like William Wordsworth and Mary Shelley increasingly imagined the body politic literally, as an incorporated political collective made up of bodies whose immunity to political and medical ills was essential to a healthy state.

Tip: Make sure to explain why your thesis is relevant to your field of research.

Although you can encourage readers to question their opinions and reflect on your topic, do not leave loose ends. You should provide a sense of resolution and make sure your conclusion wraps up your argument. Make sure you explain why your thesis is relevant to your field of research and how your research intervenes within, or substantially revises, existing scholarly debates.

This project challenged conventional ideas about the relationship among Romanticism, medicine, and politics by reading the unfolding of Romantic literature and biopolitical immunity as mutual, co-productive processes. In doing so, this thesis revises the ways in which biopolitics has been theorized by insisting on the inherent connections between Romantic literature and the forms of biopower that characterize early modernity.

Tip: If you began your thesis with an anecdote or historical example, you may want to return to that in your conclusion.

End your conclusion with something memorable, such as:

• a call to action
• a recommendation
• a gesture towards future research
• a brief explanation of how the problem or idea you covered remains relevant

Ultimately, you want readers to feel more informed, or ready to act, as they read your conclusion.

Yet, the Romantic period is only the beginning of modern thought on immunity and biopolitics. Victorian writers, doctors, and politicians upheld the Romantic idea that a "healthy state" was a literal condition that could be achieved by combining politics and medicine, but augmented that idea through legislation and widespread public health measures. While many nineteenth-century efforts to improve citizens' health were successful, the fight against disease ultimately changed course in the twentieth century as global immunological threats such as SARS occupied public consciousness. Indeed, as subsequent public health events make apparent, biopolitical immunity persists as a viable concept for thinking about the relationship between medicine and politics in modernity.

Need more advice? Read our 5 additional tips on how to write a good thesis conclusion.

The conclusion is the last thing that your reader will see, so it should be memorable. To write a great thesis conclusion you should:

The basic content of a conclusion is to review the main points from the paper. This part represents your own closing thoughts on the topic. It should mainly consist of the outcome of the research in your own words.

The length of the conclusion will depend on the length of the whole thesis. Usually, a conclusion should be around 5-7% of the overall word count.

End your conclusion with something memorable, such as a question, warning, or call to action. Depending on the topic, you can also end with a recommendation.

In Open Access: Theses and Dissertations you can find thousands of completed works. Take a look at any of the theses or dissertations for real-life examples of conclusions that were already approved.

How can I restate a thesis statement effectively?

This is the second of three chapters about Thesis Restatements . To complete this reader, read each chapter carefully and then unlock and complete our materials to check your understanding.   

– Introduce four tips for writing effective thesis restatements

– Explore the four elements of a thesis restatement 

– Provide guidance on restating a thesis restatement using paraphrasing techniques

Chapter 1: Why are concluding thesis restatements important?

Chapter 2: How can I restate a thesis statement effectively?

Chapter 3: Can I see example academic thesis restatements?

Before you begin reading...

• video and audio texts
• knowledge checks and quizzes
• skills practices, tasks and assignments

In Chapter 1 of this short reader we introduced the basic elements of a concluding paragraph and compared the introductory thesis statement   with the concluding thesis restatement . In Chapter 2, we next attempt to deconstruct and reconstruct some example thesis restatements to exemplify how these elements can be written most effectively. This exemplification can be broken down into four tips. Continue reading to learn about how to apply these simple tips to your own writing.

Tip 1: Include the Elements

As was mentioned at the end of Chapter 1, there are four key elements that build a thesis statement – and these same elements can be used to build thesis restatements too. The first is the inclusion of task language. The task language provided in the table below works to inform the reader of both the format of the assignment  ( essay , dissertation , etc) and its type ( discuss , evaluate , etc.). From this information, an experienced reader should then be able to predict the likely structure of the essay based on their experience:

The second and third aspects are usually constructed from the topic of the essay and its key arguments. While the topic is simple as it’s often taken directly from the essay question, the writer’s key arguments are somewhat more complex as they’re drawn from the body-paragraph main ideas – as outlined in the essay’s topic sentences . As can be seen in the following table, however, these aspects are straightforward enough to write once the body section is complete (a thesis restatement should not be written before this stage):

When writing a thesis restatement, students should also remember to provide their main ideas in the same order as presented in the body section of their essay, also including stance (writer opinion) as the fourth element wherever required:

Tip 2: Paraphrase the Thesis Statement

While it’s important that the meaning of the original thesis   is restated by the writer in the concluding paragraph , this doesn’t mean that precisely the same words should be used. In fact, doing so might appear lazy or repetitive to the reader. Instead, writers should use a wide variety of techniques to help them restate their thesis in different words and linguistic structures.

The most helpful techniques are listed for students below:

• alter the grammar
• alter the sentence structure
• change the order of information
• change the word order
• modify the word forms
• use antonyms and synonyms

Students should remember, of course, that it’s not necessary to paraphrase every word. Names, collocates  and subject-specific words should be maintained, as can small grammatical words such as prepositions and determiners .

Tip 3: Be Specific and Concise

An effective thesis restatement should always be specific and concise . Specificity is critical as being vague will only confuse your reader or lead them to believe that you’re as unsure about your topic as they are. Likewise, overwritten text may be tiring for the reader and will use up your limited word count . To see this in action, take a look at the two example thesis restatements below and see why example A has the best balance of specificity and concision:

Tip 4: Edit Carefully

Finally, remember to check every aspect of your essay carefully for grammar and spelling errors before submission, including your concluding thesis restatement. Should a reader spot too many errors in your writing, their confidence in your argumentation will be reduced (and so too may your grade).

To reference this reader:

Academic Marker (2022) Thesis Restatements . Available at: https://academicmarker.com/essay-writing/concluding-paragraphs/thesis-restatements/ (Accessed: Date Month Year).

• Harvard University Writing Center
• University of North Carolina Writing Center
• University of New England

Downloadables

Once you’ve completed all three chapters in this short reader about Thesis Restatements , you might then wish to download our Chapter Worksheets to check your progress or print for your students. These professional PDF worksheets can be easily accessed for only a few Academic Marks .

Chapter 1 explores the topic: Why are concluding thesis restatements important? Our Chapter 1 Worksheet (containing guidance, activities and answer keys) can be accessed here at the click of a button. 

Chapter 2 explores the topic: How can I restate a thesis statement effectively? Our Chapter 2 Worksheet (containing guidance, activities and answer keys) can be accessed here at the click of a button. 

Chapter 3 explores the topic: Can I see example academic thesis restatements? Our Chapter 3 Worksheet (containing guidance, activities and answer keys) can be accessed here at the click of a button. 

To save yourself 2 Marks , click on the button below to gain unlimited access to all of our Thesis Restatements Chapter Worksheets. This  All-in-1 Pack includes every chapter, activity and answer key related to this topic in one handy and professional PDF.

Collect Academic Marks

• 100 Marks for joining
• 25 Marks for daily e-learning
• 100-200 for feedback/testimonials
• 100-500 for referring your colleages/friends

• Skip to main content

Join All-Access Reading…Doors Are Open! Click Here

• All-Access Login
• Freebie Library
• Search this website

Teaching with Jennifer Findley

Upper Elementary Teaching Blog

Teaching Students to Restate the Question (with Freebies)

I remember being shocked (and more than a little frustrated) when I realized my fifth graders couldn’t restate questions in complete sentences… even simple questions . On the spot, I had to pivot my lesson. If your students struggle with restating questions, this post will share the tips and strategies I have learned and put in place that helped my students.

Tip #1: Start With Easy Questions for Students to Restate

When I first discovered that my students were not able to restate the question when answering questions about a text or a read aloud, I backed it all the way back up to modeling, teaching, and having them practice answering extremely easy questions that they immediately knew the answer to.

Questions like:

• What toppings do you like on your pizza?
• What is your favorite subject in school?
• What was the last TV show you watched?
• What is your favorite song?

By making it super easy for students and giving them questions that they could easily answer, I was reducing the cognitive demand and allowing them to focus on the process of restating the question.

Tip #2: Explicitly Teach and Model Restating the Question (and with a Variety of Types)

My next tip is to explicitly teach and model how to restate questions. Start with the same easy questions to explicitly teach students how to restate the question.

One acronym that a lot of teachers use is PQA, which is an acronym that stands for Put the Question in the Answer .  The acronym is a nice reminder, but we also need to model and explicitly teach students how to do this.

Here are some example steps you can use with your students:

• Identify what the question is asking. (Hint: Look for who, what, when, where, why, or how.)
• Determine the keywords or phrases in the question.
• Find the correct answer to the question.
• Use the keywords and the answer to form a new sentence that answers the question.

In order for this to be effective, you will need to model this for students.

💡Present questions and model each step. Show them how to find what the question is asking, how to identify if a keyword or phrase is important to use in the restatement, and how to use those keywords or phrases to form a complete sentence.

💡Use a variety of different types of questions where the answer and the question words are in different places in the answer. For example, the answer may be at the end, in the middle, or at the beginning. You can even show students how one question could be answered with the answer in different places.

💡Another important thing to make sure that you’re teaching students is why restating questions is important for them to do. Here are some reasons you can use with your students:

• It helps students stay on track when writing their answers. If they’re not able to restate the question, then they can’t be positive that they know what the question is even asking them. Restating the question will help them make sure they know what they’re answering. 
• It gives the reader context. It’s important for teachers and others that read students’ answers to be able to understand what they are trying to say.
• Restating questions also helps build writing skills, increase vocabulary, and practice spelling.

💡Here are some other tips to teach/model/remind your students when teaching them how to restate questions:

• Do not start answers with pronouns. When they are first answering a question about a character or a person, they need to use the specific person’s name in the beginning. This will let the reader know exactly who is being talking about
• Make sure students answer all parts of the question. Some questions have multiple parts and students need to make sure that they’re answering all parts. 

Tip #3: Provide Students with Restatement Stems

While students are still learning to be proficient with restating questions, you may want to provide sentence stems as a scaffold.

When your students are answering a question, write the sentence stem underneath that question to help them get started. Have students write that first part of the restatement and then finish it with the answer.

Example: What is the main idea of the text? The main idea of the text is…. OR …is the main idea of the text.

This is providing a scaffold, but it’s also still modeling and showing different ways that questions can be restated.

This strategy is also a great scaffold when doing partner talks about a read aloud or small group text.

You can ask the students, “How was the main character feeling in this part of the story? Turn and tell your partner how the main character was feeling. Use this sentence stem. The main character was feeling _____because____.”

The blanks are where the students would answer. You can do this orally or write it on the board for students if they need that.

Tip #4: Have Students Answer Questions Verbally with Complete Sentences

Another tip is to have the students use complete sentences when they are answering questions verbally. This is important because if students can’t speak in complete sentences and answer questions verbally by restating the question, it’s going to be more difficult for them to do that in writing.

Ask a question for students to answer out loud (with you or with partners). You can post on the board or say a sentence stem for them to use. You can provide that stem if needed and then slowly take it away as students become more proficient with restating questions.

Tip #5: Get Creative and Engaging with Restating the Question Practice

Get creative and engaging with the practice you give students. Don’t just have this be a chore where the students are restating question after question or just answering packets of questions about texts.

Here are some different ways you can have students practice restating questions that are a bit more engaging (and every little bit of engagement counts!):

Hands-On Puzzles

You can use puzzles where the students match the question with the correct restatement.

SCOOT Task Card Activity

You can use task cards with a SCOOT activity where the students scoot from desk to desk ad practice restating the question (not answering the question but just restating it.)

Around the Room Activity with Restate the Question Task Cards

You could take the same type of task cards used in SCOOT and tape them around the room to create an “Around the Room” activity. This will have the students getting up and going from place to place by themselves or with partners to restate questions shown on task cards.

Click here to read more about this type of activity.

You can also play bingo in small group or whole group. You present the students with a question and they have to find the correct restatement on their bingo board.

Use Novel Supplies or Writing Tools

Another easy way to add engagement to restating the question of practice is to have the students use novel supplies to practice. A nything that you can add that is a bit more fun will increase their engagement and have them eager to practice this skill.

Examples include:

• marker boards
• colored pencils
• smelly markers
• using construction paper or mini anchor charts to restate questions

Rapid-Fire Choral Response

When you have free moments in the day, you can d o a rapid-fire activity where you ask several questions and have students restate them with no expectation that they’re answering it. This can be used for review or even a warmup.

To do this, just ask a question and have students do a choral response of restating that question and answer. You could also have them restate the question with a partner first or they may even write the question on their marker board and leaving a blank for the answer.

Tip #6: Reinforce All Year (Supporting as Needed)

Finally, you want to make sure that you are reminding the students throughout the year to restate questions that they answer. A super simple way to do this is to use an acronym when students are answering short answer questions such as RACE.

To read more information about RACE and more details, click here.

Get the FREE Restate the Question Presentation & Printables Here!

To get the FREE teaching presentation, posters, and puzzles, click the animated image below and then enter your email address in the pop-up. You’ll be able to download the resource immediately and it will also be sent to your inbox!

Need More Restate the Question Activities?

If you are wanting more activities and resources to help your students practice restating questions, check out these from my TPT store. The task cards are perfect for SCOOT, around the room, or even a reading center. The Bingo is perfect for whole group or small group practice.

Shop This Post

Restate the Question Practice BUNDLE

Need race practice and activities.

RACE Practice Booklet

RACE Strategy Practice Printables

Share the knowledge, reader interactions.

January 25, 2023 at 9:22 am

Are the posters for Restating the Question still free? When I click on it, there is not a link to them. Thank you.

February 22, 2023 at 11:27 am

Hi Julie, enter your email in the section titled: Get the FREE Restate the Question Presentation & Printables Here! to get the free posters and presentation.

February 16, 2023 at 9:49 am

Do you still have the PowerPoint presentation?

February 22, 2023 at 11:26 am

Hi Brenda, enter your email in the section titled: Get the FREE Restate the Question Presentation & Printables Here! to get the free presentation.

October 29, 2023 at 3:30 pm

I cannot find the restate the question puzzles. Are they still free? Thanks!

October 30, 2023 at 2:55 pm

Hi Amy, did you enter your email in the section titled: Get the FREE Restate the Question Presentation & Printables Here!?

December 4, 2023 at 2:17 pm

There is no link to the restate the question puzzles. I entered my email but the only thing included was the presentation. Thanks.

December 4, 2023 at 2:29 pm

Hi Dawn, the puzzles start on page 15 of the PDF. 🙂

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Notify me of follow-up comments by email.

Notify me of new posts by email.

TEACHING READING JUST GOT EASIER WITH ALL-ACCESS

Join All-Access Reading to get immediate access to the reading resources you need to:

• teach your reading skills 
• support and grow your readers
• engage your students
• prepare them for testing
• and so much more!

You may also love these freebies!

Math Posters

Reading Posters

Morphology Posters

Grammar Posters

Welcome Friends!

I’m Jennifer Findley: a teacher, mother, and avid reader. I believe that with the right resources, mindset, and strategies, all students can achieve at high levels and learn to love learning. My goal is to provide resources and strategies to inspire you and help make this belief a reality for your students.

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev – the Father of Practical Astronautics

Sergei Korolev (1907 – 1966), Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3731 stamp

On January 12, 1907, lead Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer during the Space Race Sergei Korolev was born. Korolev is regarded by many as the “father of practical astronautics “. He was involved in the development of the R-7 Rocket , Sputnik 1 ,[ 1 ] launching Laika , Belka and Strelka  and the first human being, Yuri Gagarin ,[ 2 ] into space.

“Today we are witnesses to the fulfillment of the dream that occupied some outstanding people, among them Tsiolkovsky. He had prophesied that mankind will not stay on Earth forever. Sputnik is the first confirmation of his predictions. The opening up of space has begun.” – Sergei Korolev, on the night of October 5, 1957, after the successful launch of Sputnik 1.[8]

Sergei Korolev – Youth and Education

Korolev was born in Zhytomyr , the capital of Volhynian Governorate of the Russian Empire. His parents, Russian teachers Maria Nikolaevna Balanina (née Moskalenko),  from a wealthy merchant family with Greek and Cossack roots, and Pavel Yakovlevich Korolev, who was  of Belarusian origin, separated just three years after his birth. Korolev grew up with his grandparents in Neshin . When he was ten years old, the family moved to Odessa . There he completed an apprenticeship as a bricklayer and roofer. Korolev showed an early interest in aviation and, in addition to his job, worked at the local glider club, constructing his first glider K-5 at the age of 17. In 1925, Korolev began studying at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute . When the Kiev faculty was closed, he transferred to Moscow Technical University (MWTU) in 1926 and graduated. Before that, he completed an internship at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (ZAGI), where he came into contact with the design of powered aircraft. In 1929, together with S. N. Lyushin, Korolev developed and built the Koktebel glider. In the same year, under the guidance of Andrei Tupolev, Korolev created his first powered aircraft SK-4 as his diploma thesis.

First Experiments with Rockets

In the 1930s, Korolev began building rockets as part of MosGIRD, a group founded in 1931 to research recoil propulsion systems. There he received essential impulses for his later work from Friedrich Zander . Together with Zander, whom he considered a mentor, he was involved in the design and construction of the first Soviet hybrid rockets GIRD-09 and GIRD-X , among others. In 1933, he moved to the Rocket Research Institute (RNII) and became head of the Rocket Missile Department in 1934. In the same year, his scientific treatise The Rocket Flight into the Stratosphere was published.

The Great Terror

While working on the RP-318-I rocket-powered glider, Korolyev was arrested by the NKVD’s secret political police during the Great Terror on June 27, 1938. After two days of torture and threats against his family, he signed a confession in which he was forced to identify himself as a member of a counterrevolutionary Trotskyist conspiracy and a participant in acts of sabotage to obstruct development work. He had been denounced under duress by Valentin Glushko ,[ 3 ] who had been arrested three months earlier and who himself spent the period until 1944 in prison. Although innocent, Korolev was sentenced without formal trial on to ten years of hard labor in the gulag and five years of loss of civil rights. After spending time in several prisons and prolonged transportation, he arrived at the notorious Maldyak labor camp in 1939, where he nearly starved to death and became so ill with scurvy that his lower jaw was severely damaged and he lost many teeth.

In the First Circle of Hell

Through interventions of his mother with the support of the well-known pilots Mikhail Gromov and Valentina Grisodubova, the USSR Supreme Court overturned the previous sentence and Korolev was recalled from Maldyak only in November 1939. After renewed interventions by his mother and Gromov with NKVD People’s Commissar Lavrenti Beria , he was sent to the special design office of aircraft designer Andrei Tupolev , who had already supervised Korolyov’s thesis and was also imprisoned. The ZKB-29 special camp for scientists and engineers was under the control of the NKVD and was described from personal experience by Alexander Solzhenitsyn in the novel The First Circle of Hell . The ZKB-29 developed the Tupolev Tu-2 dive bomber in Omsk in September 1942.

Petlyakov Pe-2, co-developed by Sergei Korolev

Korolev applied for a job at an aircraft engine plant in Kazan , where Glushko headed the OKB-16 special design bureau for rocket engines under Sharashka conditions. Korolev participated in the development of the Petlyakov Pe-2 multirole aircraft to improve takeoff performance and climb performance with a switchable rocket engine. In 1944, Korolyov and Glushko were paroled from prison early and continued their work on rocket developments as employed engineers of OKB-16. However, Korolev was not officially rehabilitated until April 18, 1957. Korolev’s six-year imprisonment in the Gulag was erased from Communist accounts of the history of technology.

Becoming Chief Designer

After World War II, Korolev rose to become the chief designer of the initially military-only Soviet missile program within the NII (Scientific Research Institute). Korolev’s identity was kept secret during his lifetime, and in public he was referred to only anonymously as the “chief designer.” Korolev’s goal was to develop a civilian rocket program. In 1945, now holding the rank of colonel in the Red Army, he was ordered to Soviet headquarters in Berlin with other engineers and technicians. He was given the task of studying the German rocket program and locating associates of rocket engineer Wernher von Braun who remained in Germany.

The first A4 rocket (from German stocks) is transported to the launch site on a truck trailer. It was launched on 18 October 1947 from the Kapustin Yar test site, Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, CC-BY-4.0

The Soviets placed a priority on reproducing lost documentation on the A4 rocket, and studying the various parts and captured manufacturing facilities. That work continued in East Germany until late 1946, when 2,000+ German scientists and engineers were sent to the USSR through Operation Osoaviakhim . Most of the German experts, Helmut Gröttrup being an exception, were engineers and technicians involved in wartime mass-production of A4, and they had not worked directly with Wernher von Braun. Korolev returned to the Soviet Union in 1946 with plans of German designs and German rocket designers. Among others, Wernher von Braun’s assistant Helmut Gröttrup and aerodynamicist Werner Albring worked on rocket technology development under Korolev’s direction in Kaliningrad (in Moscow oblast) and on Gorodomlya Island (now Solnetchny settlement) in Lake Seliger during this period. The first design resulting from this cooperation was the R-1 rocket of 1948, a copy of the German A4 based on materials available in the Soviet Union. Unlike the U.S., which brought German scientists to the U.S. with its Operation Overcast and ensured their naturalization and retention in the U.S. as early as 1946 with Operation Paperclip, the Soviet Union merely siphoned off their knowledge and used it in the crucial steps for spaceflight.

The Soviet Space Programme

Among Korolyov’s greatest achievements were the construction of the R-7 – the world’s first intercontinental ballistic missile – and the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957,[ 1 ] but most importantly, the first space flight by a human, Yuri Gagarin , in 1961.[ 2 ] The R-7  was a two-stage rocket with a maximum payload of 5.4 tons, sufficient to carry the Soviets’ bulky  nuclear bomb  an impressive distance of 7,000 kilometres. However, despite the Soviet R-7 initial success, it experienced later failures as it was not intended to be a practical weapon. Sputnik 1 was designed and constructed in less than a month with Korolev personally managing the assembly at a hectic pace. The satellite was a simple polished metal sphere no bigger than a beach ball, containing batteries that powered a transmitter using 4 external communication antennas. Sputnik 1 was successfully completed and launched into space on 4 October 1957 using a rocket that had successfully launched only once before. After gaining approval from the government, a modified version of Korolev’s R-7 was used to launch Yuri Gagarin into orbit on 12 April 1961, which was before the United States was able to put Alan Shepard into space.

Variants of the R-7 Rocket, (NASA)

Korolev’s group was also working on ambitious programs for missions to Mars and Venus , putting a man in orbit, launching communication, spy and weather satellites, and making a soft-landing on the Moon.

Health Problems and Early Death

In December 1960, Korolev suffered a heart attack, which was followed by others. His cardiac arrhythmias were joined by internal bleeding and intestinal problems. Korolyev was admitted to a Moscow hospital. Doctors were going to remove painful hemorrhoids in a routine operation in January 1966, but in the meantime they discovered a large tumor in his colon and put him under general anesthesia. Tracheal intubation, necessary due to circulatory weakness, failed due to scurvy-related jaw abnormality as a late consequence of Gulag imprisonment; this caused his death on January 14, 1966. The Soviet government honored him by burying his urn in the Kremlin wall. In 1996, the city of Kaliningrad in Moscow Oblast, where he headed the experimental design bureau OKB-1 as chief designer from 1950, was renamed after him.

Losing the Race to the Moon

With Korolev’s death, the Soviet space and lunar programs suffered a bitter loss. Although work on the N1 lunar rocket was continued by his collaborator Vasily Mishin , it was discontinued in 1974 after several launch failures.[ 4 ] The identity of the chief designer remained a state secret in the Soviet Union during his lifetime. While in the U.S. his adversary Wernher von Braun made a high-profile appearance in the press and on television, Korolev was not known even in his own country. When, after the successful launch of Sputnik 1, the Nobel Prize Committee asked Nikita Khrushchev for the name of the chief designer, he replied that it had been the work of the entire Soviet people and that they had thus deserved the award. Only on the occasion of the state funeral in Moscow was this secret revealed.

References and Further Reading:

• [1]  The Sputnik Shock and the Start of the Space Race , SciHi Blog
• [2]  Yuri Gagarin – the first Man in Space , SciHi Blog
• [3]  Valentin Glushko and the Space Race , SciHi Blog
• [4]  The Russian Dream to Land a Man on the Moon , SciHi Blog
• [5]  “Sergei Korolev: Father of the Soviet Union’s success in space” .  www.esa.int .
• [6]  West, John B. (1 October 2001).  “Historical aspects of the early Soviet/ Russian crewed space program” .  Journal of Applied Physiology .  91  (4): 1501–1511.
• [7]    “Sputnik Biographies–Sergei P. Korolev (1906-1966)” .   history.nasa.gov .
• [8]  Joachim Kutzner, Kurt Kobler:  Der Sputnikschock.  4. April 2004
• [9]  The 2021 John J. Rhodes Lecture: Expanded Space Exploration , A Discussion with NASA Astronaut, Dr. Shannon Walker & Ambassador Barbara Barrett, Barrett Honors College @ youtube
• [10] Sergei Korolev at Wikidata
• [11] Timeline for Sergei Korolev , via Wikidata

Harald Sack

Related posts, colonel drake and the dawn of the oil business, august leopold crelle and his journal, the beautiful aircraft designs of kelly johnson, steve jobs – american businessman, inventor, and industrial designer, leave a reply cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Further Projects

• February (28)
• January (30)
• December (30)
• November (29)
• October (31)
• September (30)
• August (30)
• January (31)
• December (31)
• November (30)
• August (31)
• February (29)
• February (19)
• January (18)
• October (29)
• September (29)
• February (5)
• January (5)
• December (14)
• November (9)
• October (13)
• September (6)
• August (13)
• December (3)
• November (5)
• October (1)
• September (3)
• November (2)
• September (2)
• Entries RSS
• Comments RSS
• WordPress.org

Legal Notice

• Privacy Statement

• Russian Sides
• Side Dishes
• Russian Food

Easy Russian Rye Bread (Rzhanovi Khleb)

This recipe for Russian rye bread is easy because it requires no sourdough starter. But that means it won't have the tang you may have come to know and love about ryes. The recipe has its merits, though, and is great for those watching their fat intake because eggs and oil are not in the ingredient list. It's moist but very dense because all rye flour is used. (Typically, rye breads have a certain quantity of whole-wheat or all-purpose flour to lighten them.) The extra yeast in this recipe, however, keeps it from becoming like a lead balloon. To lighten the loaf and give it a crunchier texture, all-purpose flour and rye meal can replace some of the dark rye flour as indicated below.

Ingredients

2 (1/4-ounce) packages   active dry yeast

1 cup warm water , 105 F to 115 F

1/3 cup dark corn syrup

4 1/2 to 5 1/2 cups dark rye flour , see note below

2 teaspoons salt

Steps to Make It

Gather the ingredients.

If you are uncertain about your yeast, proof it before starting. In a large warmed bowl or the warmed bowl of a stand mixer , dissolve yeast in water. Stir in corn syrup and set aside for 5 minutes or until yeast foams.

Add 2 1/2 cups dark rye flour and beat with a spoon until smooth. Stir in salt. Cover and let rise about 30 minutes.

Add 2 more cups flour, gradually, mixing after each addition. When dough becomes difficult to stir, knead by hand or by machine, adding up to 1 cup additional flour, if needed, until dough is stiff but slightly sticky. Form dough into a ball and place in a clean, dry, warmed bowl (do not coat with cooking spray). Cover and let rise until almost doubled, about 2 1/2 to 3 hours.

Punch down dough and, with floured hands, form into a loaf. Place in a 9 x 5-inch loaf pan that has been coated with cooking spray. Cover tightly with plastic wrap and let rise for 1 hour (it probably won't rise above the pan).

Preheat oven to 350 F.

Bake 30 to 35 minutes or longer or until an  instant-read thermometer registers 190 F. (If you've used all rye flour, the top won't brown much, so don't measure doneness by that. Turn out onto a wire rack to cool completely.)

Serve and enjoy!

Recipe Variations

For a lighter loaf, use 3 to 4 cups dark rye flour, 1/2 cup dark rye meal, and 1 cup all-purpose flour .

Recipe Tags:

• russian rye bread
• eastern european

Opening statements in Trump's historic trial set to begin Monday after tense day of jury selection

Opening statements are set to begin next week in Donald Trump’s historic criminal trial after the final members of the jury were seated Friday, following a dramatic day in which two prospective jurors broke down in tears, an appeals court judge rejected Trump's request for a stay, and a man set himself on fire in front of the courthouse.

“We’re going to have opening statements on Monday morning. This trial is starting,” Judge Juan Merchan said towards the end of the day, after successfully seating the remaining five alternate jurors that were needed.

The case — the first-ever criminal trial of a former president —will be heard by a panel of 12 jurors and a total of six alternates. It's expected to last roughly six weeks.

The five alternates ultimately selected Friday include an unemployed married woman who’s into art and described herself as not political, an audio professional, a contract specialist, a clothing company executive and a construction company project manager. It took four days of jury selection to find the 18 jurors.

Around the same time the judge declared, "we have our full panel" inside the courtroom in the early afternoon, a man set himself on fire outside the courthouse. The NYPD said the man, identified as Max Azzarello of Florida, later died. He appeared to have had pamphlets describing a conspiracy involving cryptocurrency that he threw around before setting himself ablaze, police said.

Later in the afternoon, Trump's attorneys were in a state appeals court trying again to get an emergency stay of the trial. Trump attorney Cliff Robert argued his client could not get a fair trial in Manhattan, which had been Trump's longtime home before moving to Florida after he was elected president in 2016.

Steven Wu of Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg's office countered that "what the last week has shown is that the jury selection has worked."

"We have 18 ordinary New Yorkers who are ready to serve. It would be unfair to them and the public for this to be delayed further," he argued. The judge rejected Trump's stay request a short time later.  

The jury selection process Friday was especially intense, some potential jurors breaking down in tears and others saying they were too anxious to serve.

The day began with the judge calling up the 22 remaining potential jurors from the previous pool of 96 to answer questions designed to indicate whether they could be fair and impartial about the divisive real estate mogul and presumptive Republican nominee for president.

The first of those potential jurors was dismissed after she said she didn’t think she could be fair. “I have really, really bad anxiety and people have found out where I am,” she told the judge. A short time later, two other potential jurors were dismissed after each told the judge that upon further reflection, “I don’t think I can be impartial.”

Other potential jurors included a married father who said he listens to a podcast called “Order of Man,” which is described on Apple’s website as discussions about “reclaiming what it means to be a man.” Some past guests of the podcast include people who’ve been outspoken in their support of Trump and were highly critical of the civil fraud case New York Attorney General Letitia James brought against the former president. The man, an audio specialist, was chosen as one of the alternates.

Another potential juror was a married fund manager who said he’d done “get-out-the-vote” work for former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Trump’s 2016 presidential opponent. Trump and his attorney Todd Blanche passed notes back and forth while that juror was speaking. He was later dismissed after being asked about a 2020 Facebook post where he apparently called Trump “the devil and a sociopath.”

Trump appeared most interested in jurors whose answers offer ambiguity around their personal political views. When one prospective juror said they were a Fox News viewer, Trump cocked his head, then quickly conferred with his lawyer, Todd Blanche.

Another potential juror was a woman who became emotional as she disclosed she'd served two years in prison on drug-related charges, but said she could be "fair and impartial."

During a morning break, Merchan — who'd chided reporters on Thursday for disclosing too much information about potential jurors — said the woman had shared "very personal things about her life" and was "very brave." “I just wanted to encourage the press to please be kind. Please be kind to this person,” the judge said. He later dismissed her, saying she needed a certificate of release to be qualified for service going forward. On her way out, she cheerfully called out, "Good luck!"

Following that juror's departure, the DA's office began its individual questioning of the jurors. One woman, who'd disclosed that her father is lifelong friends with Trump ally turned critic Chris Christie, broke down in tears when prosecutor Susan Hoffinger asked her an innocuous question about the burden of proof in the case. "I feel so nervous and anxious right now. I’m sorry," she responded, bursting out into tears. "I thought I could do this," she said, adding "I wouldn’t want someone who feels this way to judge my case." She was dismissed.

Hoffinger's questioning was followed by Trump attorney Susan Necheles, who asked a potential juror who'd started their own business how she would assess a witness's credibility. The woman then asked to speak to the judge, saying she was "getting anxiety and self-doubt” from Necheles's line of questioning. She was dismissed. 

Necheles later asked another woman — who previously said she was a victim of sexual assault — whether she would hold it against Trump that women outside this case have accused Trump of sexual assault. She said she would not have a problem setting those accusations aside but the judge ultimately excused her, saying, "It’s best to err on the side of caution."

Another man said he has some differences from Trump on his policies but thinks he's “usually awesome.” He was not chosen for the jury.

On his way into court in the morning, Trump again complained the case against him is "unfair," and that the partial gag order preventing him from lashing out at witnesses, prosecutors, court staffers and jurors is not "constitutional." "Everyone else can say whatever they want about me. They can say anything they want. They can continue to make up lies and everything else. They lie. They’re real scum. But you know what? I’m not allowed to speak," he told reporters.

Prosecutors this week asked the judge to fine Trump and hold him in contempt for social media posts that they said violate the gag order. A hearing on the matter is scheduled for Tuesday.

The m a in pa nel of 12 is made up of seven men and five women, including two lawyers, a teacher, a retired wealth manager, a product development manager, a security engineer, a software engineer, a speech therapist and a physical therapist. The foreman — the juror who essentially acts as the leader and spokesperson for the panel — is a married man who works in sales and gets his news from The New York Times, MSNBC and Fox News.

The lone alternate selected Thursday is a woman who works as an asset manager.

Trump vented about the speed of the process in a post on social media shortly after the final jurors were selected, claiming the judge is “‘railroading’ me, at breakneck speed, in order to completely satisfy his ‘friends’.”

Later in the day, Merchan held what's known as a Sandoval hearing . That's a type of hearing designed to let defendants know the scope of questions they could face from prosecutors on cross-examination so they can make informed decisions about whether to take the witness stand in their own defense.

Leaving court on Friday, Trump was asked whether he was still planning to testify and he said he was.

Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg's office disclosed in a court filing that it would like to ask Trump about several items, among them the $464 million civil judgment against him and his company for fraud , the total $88 million verdicts and liability findings for sexual abuse  and  defamation in lawsuits brought by writer E. Jean Carroll and a number of other adverse court rulings over the past few years.

Trump has denied wrongdoing in all the cases and is appealing  the fraud judgment and the Carroll verdicts.

Prosecutors said they want to be able to bring those findings up “to impeach the credibility of the defendant” if he takes the witness stand.

Discussing the findings in the fraud case, prosecutor Matthew Colangelo told the judge it was "hard to think of something that is more squarely in the wheelhouse” for the DA to ask Trump about "than a finding by a judge of persistent and repeated fraud and illegality."

Trump's attorney Emil Bove countered that prosecutors shouldn't be able to breach the topic at all because Trump's appeal is still pending. He made similar arguments over the DA's contention that they should be allowed to ask about a judge's finding that he was untruthful on the witness stand during the fraud trial and had violated a gag order in the case.

“Is it your position that because a case is being appealed or might be appealed, that therefore it can not be used?" Merchan asked the lawyer. "Not necessarily," Bove replied.

The judge said he'd issue his ruling on the dispute on Monday morning.

Trump said last week he  “absolutely” plans to testify , but he is under no obligation to do so.

Asked by Necheles at the end of the day who the DA's first witness would be, prosecutor Joshua Steinglass said they wouldn't inform Trump's team of the person's identity until Sunday, given that Trump has been criticizing some witnesses on social media despite the partial gag order in the case. “And if that should be tweeted, that’ll be the last time we provide that courtesy,” Steinglass said.

Merchan called the DA's position "understandable" and told Necheles "I will not compel them to do anything."

Trump has pleaded  not guilty  to 34 counts of falsifying business records and faces up to four years in prison if he is convicted.

Bragg alleges that Trump falsified records to hide money he was paying his former lawyer Michael Cohen to reimburse him for $130,000 he paid adult film actor Stormy Daniels  near the end of the 2016 presidential campaign. Daniels has claimed she had a sexual encounter with Trump in 2006. Trump has denied that he slept with Daniels, but he has acknowledged repaying Cohen.

The DA’s office also alleges that as part of a scheme to boost Trump, National Enquirer publisher American Media Inc. paid $150,000 to model and actor Karen McDougal , who appeared in Playboy magazine and claimed that she had a nine-month affair with Trump before he was elected president “in exchange for her agreement not to speak out about the alleged sexual relationship,” according to a statement of facts filed by Bragg.

Trump has also denied having a sexual relationship with McDougal.

Adam Reiss is a reporter and producer for NBC and MSNBC.

Lisa Rubin is an MSNBC legal correspondent and a former litigator.

Dareh Gregorian is a politics reporter for NBC News.