short biography of bhagat singh

Bhagat Singh

(1907-1931)

Bhagat Singh was born in Punjab, India (now Pakistan), on September 27, 1907, to a Sikh family deeply involved in political activities. He quit school at thirteen to devote his life to Indian independence. He became involved in several violent demonstrations of political defiance and was arrested several times. Singh was found guilty of killing a British police officer and hanged on March 23, 1931.

Early Years

Born on September 27, 1907, to a Sikh family in Punjab, India (now Pakistan), Bhagat Singh was the second son of Kishan Singh and Vidya Vati. The family was steeped in nationalism and involved in movements for independence. At the time of Bhagat's birth, his father was in jail for political agitation.

Young Firebrand

In 1926, Bhagat Singh founded the 'Naujavan Bharat Sabha (Youth Society of India) and joined the Hindustan Republican Association (later known as Hindustan Socialist Republican Association), where he met several prominent revolutionaries. A year later, Singh’s parents planned to have him married, a move he vehemently rejected, and he left school.

By this time, Bhagat Singh had become a person of interest to the police, and in May 1927, he was arrested for allegedly being involved in a bombing the previous October. He was released several weeks later and began to write for various revolutionary newspapers. After receiving reassurances from his parents that they wouldn’t force him to marry, he returned to Lahore.

Radical Revolutionary

In 1928, the British government held the Simon Commission to discuss autonomy for the Indian people. Several Indian political organizations boycotted the event because the Commission had no Indian representatives. In October, Bhagat Singh’s comrade, Lala Lajpat Rai led a march in protest against the Commission. Police attempted to disburse the large crowd, and during the melee, Rai was injured by the superintendent of police, James A. Scott. Rai died of heart complications two weeks later. The British government denied any wrongdoing.

To avenge his friend’s death, Bhagat Singh and two others plotted to kill the police superintendent, but instead shot and killed police officer John P. Saunders. Singh and his fellow conspirators escaped arrest despite a massive search to apprehend them.

In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and an associate bombed the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi to protest implementation of the Public Safety Bill. The bombs they carried allegedly were not intended to kill but to scare (no one was killed, though there were some injuries). The bombers planned to get arrested and stand trial so they could further promote their cause.

Arrest and Trial

The actions of the young revolutionaries was soundly condemned by followers of Gandhi, but Bhagat Singh was delighted to have a stage on which to promote his cause. He offered no defense during the trial but disrupted the proceedings with rants of political dogma. He was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison.

Through further investigation, the police discovered the connection between Bhagat Singh and the murder of Officer Saunders and he was rearrested. While awaiting trial, he led a hunger strike in prison. Eventually, Singh and his co-conspirators were tried and sentenced to hang. He was executed on March 23, 1931. It is said that he kissed the hangman’s noose before it was placed around his neck. His death brought mixed emotions throughout India. Followers of Gandhi felt that he was too radical and hurt the quest for freedom, while his supporters considered him a martyr. Singh remains a significant, though controversial, figure in India’s independence movement.

QUICK FACTS

• Name: Bhagat Singh
• Birth Year: 1907
• Birth date: September 27, 1907
• Birth City: Punjab
• Birth Country: British India (now Pakistan)
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement, Bhagat Singh gave his life for this cause.
• World Politics
• Astrological Sign: Virgo
• Dayanand Anglo Vedic High School And National College
• Nacionalities
• Interesting Facts
• At age 13, Bhagat Singh quit school to become a revolutionary.
• Occupations
• Political Activist
• Death Year: 1931
• Death date: March 23, 1931
• Death City: Lahore
• Death Country: British India (now Pakistan)

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CITATION INFORMATION

• Article Title: Bhagat Singh Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/bhagat-singh
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: August 14, 2019
• Original Published Date: May 7, 2015
• Every tiny molecule of Ash is in motion with my heat I am such a Lunatic that I am free even in Jail.
• Any man who stands for progress has to criticize, disbelieve and challenge every item of the old faith.
• The sanctity of law can be maintained only so long as it is the expression of the will of the people.

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• Bhagat Singh Biography

About Bhagat Singh

Bhagat Singh was born on September 27, 1907, in the village of Banga near Lyallpur district in Punjab, British India. He was an Indian freedom fighter who is considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement. Bhagat Singh joined the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) at a young age and became involved in revolutionary activities. He participated in several acts of sabotage against British institutions, including an attempt to bomb the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi. In 1929, he and two other activists were convicted of assassinating John Saunders, a British police officer. Singh was executed by hanging on March 23, 1931, at Lahore jail at the age of 23. Despite his short life, Bhagat Singh left a lasting legacy in the struggle for Indian independence. He is revered by many as a martyr and symbol of resistance to British colonialism in India. His example continues to inspire new generations of activists worldwide.

Why is it Important to read Bhagat Singh's Biography?

Bhagat Singh's life is an inspiration to all those who fight for justice and against oppression. He was a brave young man who dedicated his life to the struggle for Indian independence. His story is a reminder that even in the face of great adversity, it is possible to achieve victory. Bhagat Singh's biography provides insight into the mind of a revolutionary and offers encouragement to those who are fighting for change today. It is an important read for anyone interested in history, politics, or human rights activism. He was loved and respected by the people of India, who continue to honor his memory.

Bhagat Singh's life was cut short at a young age, but he left behind an enduring legacy that continues to inspire new generations around the world today. His story is unforgettable for anyone interested in history or human rights activism. He fought against oppression with all his might until his death at 23 years old, leaving behind a lasting impact on Indian society during its struggle for independence from British rule. Bhagat Singh Biography provides valuable insight into the mind of a revolutionary leader whose passion will live forever in history books worldwide. It belongs on every bookshelf next to biographies of other influential figures such as Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. The importance of reading Bhagat Singh's biography cannot be overstated.

What are Some of the Key Events in Bhagat Singh's Biography?

Some of the key events in Bhagat Singh's biography include:

Born on September 27, 1907, in Banga

Joined Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) at a young age

Participated in several acts of sabotage against British institutions, including an attempt to bomb the Central Legislative Assembly.

How did Bhagat Singh influence the Indian Independence Movement?

Bhagat Singh had a great impact on the Indian independence movement due to his participation in various activities that led India towards its freedom from colonial rule. His involvement with revolutionary groups resulted in him being jailed for various crimes, but he continued his activism even behind bars through writing and publishing newspapers aimed at spreading nationalist sentiments among people all over India. He was executed by hanging when he was 23 years old after leading an unsuccessful plot to kill a British police officer who ordered a lathi charge on Lala Lajpat Rai, who was protesting colonial policies at the time. This murder had a major impact on Indian society and brought Bhagat Singh to national attention as a revolutionary hero of India's independence movement.

What is included in Bhagat Singh's biography?

Bhagat Singh's biography covers his upbringing in Punjab, his involvement with revolutionary groups throughout his teenage years, and the significant impact he had on India's struggle for independence. It details his trial when he was charged with the murder of John P. Saunders, a British police officer, as well as his life in prison leading up to his execution at Lahore jail when he was 23 years old. Throughout it all, Bhagat Singh remained strong in defense of Indian independence even in the face of great adversity.

How is Bhagat Singh's Biography useful?

Bhagat Singh's biography is both informative and entertaining to read; full of events that shaped him into becoming an influential figure during India's push for independence from British rule. While it is useful for researchers and historians, anyone interested in politics or Indian history can benefit from reading an in-depth account of the life of a revolutionary icon whose passion lives on through his legacy and impact on India's independence movement.

Some of Bhagat Singh's Most Notable Accomplishments include:

Joining the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) at a young age and becoming involved in revolutionary activities

Participating in several acts of sabotage against British institutions, including an attempt to bomb the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi

Being convicted of assassinating John Saunders, a British police officer, for which he was hanged at the age of 23

Being elected as the president of the HSRA shortly before being executed.

FAQs on Bhagat Singh Biography

1. What is the Best Part about Bhagat Singh's Biography?

The best thing about Bhagat Singh's biography is that it details his life in prison, trial, and execution by hanging. It is a fascinating read for anyone interested in Indian history or acti

2. Why is Bhagat Singh's Biography inspiring?

Bhagat Singh's biography inspires people all over the world because of his passion for freeing India from colonial rule through revolutionary activity despite being imprisoned on multiple occasions even before he was hanged at the age of 23. This makes him stand out as an influential figure within the Indian independence movement who remains relevant to this day through publications about his life and impact on India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule in the early 20th century.

3. How does Bhagat Singh's Biography educate Readers?

Through reading Bhagat Singh's biography, readers are educated about the Indian independence movement as it gained momentum in the early 20th century. In particular, they can learn what happened to India as a result of British rule and how people like Bhagat Singh fought for Indian freedom from colonial rule through revolutionary measures.

4. What is a Summary of Bhagat Singh's Biography?

The summary of Bhagat Singh's biography is a brief overview of his life and impact on India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule in the early 20th century. It covers everything from Bhagat Singh joining revolutionary groups, participating in acts of sabotage against various British institutions, being hanged as a result of assassinating John Saunders, to speaking up about social inequality as a result of colonialism even while he was imprisoned.

5. In What Order should I read Bhagat Singh's Biography?

To set the stage for reading an in-depth account about the life and activism of Bhagat Singh, it is best to start by familiarizing yourself with India's push for independence during British colonial rule through our section that details this topic thoroughly, followed by an article about the British Raj and how it impacted the Indian people. Once you have a basic understanding of India's struggle for independence from British rule, you can begin reading Bhagat Singh's Biography to learn about his life as a revolutionary figure during this time period.

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Bhagat Singh: The Young Revolutionary

Last updated on April 16, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

Bhagat Singh was a charismatic revolutionary freedom fighter who was known for his courage. Read here to know more about his short but significant life.

Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary leader who was executed by the British at the age of 23 for his activities in Indian freedom movement.

Table of Contents

Early life of Bhagat Singh

Bhagat Singh was born on September 27, 1907, in Lyallpur, western Punjab, India (now in Pakistan).

Bhagat Singh attended Dayanand Anglo Vedic High School, which was operated by  Arya Samaj  (a reform sect of modern Hinduism), and then National College, both located in Lahore.

His family members were involved in the freedom struggle and he was drawn to the Indian independence movement from a very young age. His father and his uncle Ajit Singh were active in progressive politics, taking part in the agitation around the Canal Colonization Bill in 1907, and later the Ghadar Movement of 1914–1915.

In 1923, he joined the National College in Lahore, founded two years earlier by Lala Lajpat Rai in response to Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement, which urged Indian students to shun schools and colleges subsidized by the British Indian government.

Bhagat Singh’s foray into the freedom movement

His family’s relation with the freedom struggle propelled Bhagat Singh into the activities from a young age. Initially, he supported Mahatma Gandhi and the Non-Cooperation Movement. However, when Gandhi withdrew the movement in the wake of the Chauri Chaura incident, Bhagat Singh turned to revolutionary nationalism.

Bhagat singh was deeply affected by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919) and the violence against unarmed Akali protestors at Nankana Sahib (1921).

In 1924 in Kanpur, he became a member of the Hindustan Republican Association, started by Sachindranath Sanyal a year earlier. The main organizer of the Association was Chandra Shekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh became very close to him.

In 1926, he founded the  Naujawan Bharat Sabha, an organization that aimed to encourage revolution against British rule by rallying the peasants and workers.

He made contact with the ‘Workers and Peasants Party’ which brought out the monthly magazine Kirti in Punjabi. For the next year, Bhagat Singh worked on the editorial board of Kirti.

In 1928, he established the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) along with Sukhdev, Chandrashekhar Azad , and others.

HSRA collapsed after Chandrashekar Azad was shot dead in 1930.

Bhagat Singh’s Revolutionary activities

His association with revolutionaries began with HSRA. He was introduced to the philosophy of bombs and the importance of the armed revolution.

In 1927, he was first arrested on charges of association with the Kakori Case   accused of an article written under the pseudonym Vidrohi (Rebel).

He was also accused of being responsible for a bomb explosion at Lahore during the Dussehra fair.

The Saunders Case/ Lahore Conspiracy case:

In 1928, Lala Lajpat rai died due to injuries sustained during a protest against the Simon Commission in Lahore. The lathi-charge was ordered by the superintendent of police James Scott.

Bhagat Singh and his revolutionary friends decided to avenge the death of the dear leader. However, in a case of mistaken identity, they assassinated another police official J P Saunders. This was known as the  Lahore Conspiracy Case .

• After this incident, Bhagat Singh fled from Lahore and made changed his appearance to avoid arrest.

The murder was condemned as a retrograde action by Mahatma Gandhi, but Jawaharlal Nehru later wrote:

“Bhagat Singh did not become popular because of his act of terrorism but because he seemed to vindicate, for the moment, the honor of Lala Lajpat Rai, and through him of the nation. He became a symbol, the act was forgotten, the symbol remained, and within a few months each town and village of Punjab, and to a lesser extent in the rest of northern India, resounded with his name. Innumerable songs grew about him and the popularity that the man achieved was something amazing.”

Central assembly bombing case:

On 8th April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in the Central Assembly at Delhi, from the Visitors’ Gallery. They also threw pamphlets and raised pro-revolutionary slogans.

Both the revolutionaries did not resist arrest since they wanted to spread their message of revolution and anti-imperialism and wanted to use the trial as a platform for it.

• They shouted slogans of “Inquilab Zindabad” during the whole arrest. The slogan became quite popular among the youth and many freedom fighters.

There were no causalities in the incident as it was never their intention to cause physical harm to anyone. Their aim was ‘to make the deaf hear’.

Bhagat Singh was the mastermind behind the incident and was inspired by Auguste Vaillant, a French anarchist, who was executed by France for a similar incident in Paris.

In the trial for the incident, both Singh and Dutt were sentenced to imprisonment for life.

By this time Bhagat Singh was also linked to the JP Saunder’s murder incident. He, along with Rajguru and Sukhdev was charged with the murder of Saunders.

The trial and death of Bhagat Singh

The trial started in July 1929 and was published in daily newspapers.

The young revolutionaries started a hunger strike in Lahore prison demanding better conditions for political prisoners who were also treated as criminals.

They were met by many leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru while they fasted for 116 days which only ended after repeated requests from family and congress leaders.

But the trial was a one-sided affair and Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were sentenced to death. The verdict was met with large criticism and many national leaders requested to reduce the sentence but in vain.

The three were ordered to be hanged on 24 March 1931 but the sentence was carried out a day earlier at the Lahore Jail. After the hanging, their mortal remains were cremated in secret.

The executions were reported widely by the press, especially as they took place on the eve of the annual convention of the Congress party in Karachi. Gandhi faced black flag demonstrations by angry youths who shouted: “Down with Gandhi”.

Individual Heroism vs Mass Movement

Bhagat Singh initially believed in individual heroism to achieve the goal.

However, he later realised that individual heroism stood no chance against the brute force of the British empire and the only way to a successful revolution was to unleash a popular broad-based movement.

Legacy of Bhagat Singh

Every year, March 23 is observed as Martyrs’ Day as a tribute to freedom fighters Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and Shivaram Rajguru. The day is also known as Shaheed Diwas or Sarvodaya Day.

During the centenary of his birth, a group of intellectuals sets up an institution named Bhagat Singh Sansthan to commemorate him and his ideals.

He was an atheist and ardent reader- his book “Why I am an Athiest” is quite popular.

Few of his famous quotes were-

• They may kill me but they cannot kill my ideas. They can crush my body, but they will not be able to crush my spirit.
• Bombs and pistols do not make a revolution. The sword of revolution is sharpened on the whetting stone of ideas.
• May the sun in his course visit no land freer, happier, more lovely, than this our own country.
• But mere faith and blind faith is dangerous: it dulls the brain and makes a man reactionary.
• Revolution is an inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is an imperishable birthright of all. Labour is the real sustainer of society.

The youth of India still gain inspiration in his life- a young revolutionary with fire in his blood and calm in his heart.

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Bhagat Singh: The Revolutionary Martyr who Fought for India’s Freedom

Bhagat Singh was an Indian revolutionary socialist who fought for India’s independence from British rule. Born on September 28, 1907, in Banga, Punjab, he became a prominent figure in the Indian freedom struggle during the 1920s and 1930s. Bhagat Singh was a brilliant student who left his studies to join the freedom movement. He was a charismatic leader and a powerful orator who inspired many with his revolutionary ideas. In this article, we will explore the life and legacy of Bhagat Singh, the revolutionary martyr who sacrificed his life for India’s freedom.

Table of Contents

Early Life and Education

Bhagat Singh was born into a family of revolutionaries who were actively involved in the freedom struggle. His father, Kishan Singh, was a revolutionary who had taken part in the 1857 uprising against British rule. Bhagat Singh grew up listening to stories of his father’s struggle for freedom, which inspired him to join the movement at a young age.

Bhagat Singh was a bright student who excelled in academics. He attended school in Lahore, where he was introduced to socialist and revolutionary ideas. He was deeply influenced by the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Vladimir Lenin, which shaped his political ideology.

Joining the Freedom Struggle

Bhagat Singh was just 16 years old when he joined the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. However, he soon became disillusioned with Gandhi’s non-violent approach and felt that a more radical approach was needed to overthrow British rule. He was convinced that the only way to achieve freedom was through armed revolution.

In 1928, Bhagat Singh and his comrades, Rajguru and Sukhdev, assassinated a British police officer, John Saunders, in Lahore. They believed that the assassination would serve as a wake-up call for the Indian people and inspire them to rise up against British rule.

Arrest and Trial

Bhagat Singh and his comrades were arrested and charged with murder. They were put on trial in the Lahore Conspiracy Case, which became one of the most high-profile trials in Indian history. Bhagat Singh used the trial as a platform to spread his revolutionary ideas and expose the injustices of British rule.

Despite the overwhelming evidence against them, Bhagat Singh and his comrades did not seek mercy from the British authorities. Instead, they embraced death as a means of inspiring others to fight for freedom. On March 23, 1931, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were hanged in Lahore Central Jail.

Bhagat Singh’s sacrifice inspired a whole generation of Indians to join the freedom struggle. He became a symbol of resistance against British rule and a martyr for the cause of Indian independence. His revolutionary ideas and writings continue to inspire people even today.

Bhagat Singh’s legacy also includes his commitment to socialism and his belief in the power of the masses to bring about social change. He believed that true freedom could only be achieved through the overthrow of the capitalist system and the establishment of a socialist society.

Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary martyr who sacrificed his life for the cause of Indian independence. His ideas and writings continue to inspire people even today. He was a true patriot who fought for the freedom of his country and the emancipation of the masses. Bhagat Singh will always be remembered as a hero and a symbol of resistance against British rule.

What was Bhagat Singh’s ideology?

Bhagat Singh was a socialist who believed in the overthrow of the capitalist system and the establishment of a socialist society. He was deeply influenced by the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Vladimir Lenin, and believed in the power of the masses to bring about social change.

What was Bhagat Singh’s role in the Indian freedom struggle?

Bhagat Singh was a prominent figure in the Indian freedom struggle during the 1920s and 1930s. He was a charismatic leader and a powerful orator who inspired many with his revolutionary ideas. He is best known for his role in the Lahore Conspiracy Case and the assassination of a British police officer.

How did Bhagat Singh inspire others to join the freedom struggle?

What was the lahore conspiracy case.

The Lahore Conspiracy Case was a high-profile trial in Indian history in which Bhagat Singh and his comrades were charged with murder for the assassination of a British police officer. Bhagat Singh used the trial as a platform to spread his revolutionary ideas and expose the injustices of British rule.

What is Bhagat Singh’s legacy?

Bhagat Singh’s legacy includes his commitment to socialism and his belief in the power of the masses to bring about social change. He will always be remembered as a hero and a symbol of resistance against British rule. His ideas and writings continue to inspire people even today.

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Bhagat Singh Biography: Birth, Age, Education, Jailterm, Execution, and More About Shaheed-e-Azam

Bhagat singh biography: bhagat singh was a revolutionary freedom fighter who was hanged to death by the britishers at the age of 23 years. his early execution made him a national hero of the indian freedom struggle. on his 91st death anniversary, jagran josh takes a look at his life. .

"If someone else would have done this, I would not consider him less than a traitor..." , Bhagat Singh in a letter to his father, who sent an application to the Special Tribunal defending his son in the Lahore case. 

Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary freedom fighter who was hanged to death by the Britishers at the age of 23 years . His early execution made him a national hero of the Indian freedom struggle against colonial rule. Fondly called Shaheed Bhagat Singh, many consider him one of the earliest Marxists of India. 

Remembering Shaheed Bhagat Singh on his birth anniversary. His sacrifice and unwavering dedication to the cause of India’s freedom continue to inspire generations. A beacon of courage, he will forever be a symbol of India's relentless fight for justice and liberty. pic.twitter.com/cCoCT8qE43 — Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) September 28, 2023

भगत सिंह जी ने जहाँ एक ओर अपनी देशभक्ति से विदेशी हुकूमत को घुटने पर लाने का काम किया, वहीं दूसरी ओर अपने विचारों से स्वतंत्रता के संघर्ष में अलग-अलग बँटे भारत को एक करने का काम किया। देश की आजादी के लिए हँसते-हँसते फाँसी पर झूलने वाले भगत सिंह जी के सर्वोच्च बलिदान से पूरे भारत… pic.twitter.com/WugXE1R151 — Amit Shah (@AmitShah) September 28, 2023

Bhagat Singh Biography

Who was bhagat singh.

Born on 28 September 1907 in Lyallpur, western Punjab, India (present-day Pakistan) in a Sikh family, Bhagat Singh was the second son of Kishan Singh Sandhu and Vidya Vati. His grandfather Arjan Singh, father Kishan Singh and uncle Ajit Singh were actively involved in the Indian independence movement.

It is said that when Bhagat Singh was born, his father and two uncles were behind bars for taking part in the agitation around the Canal Colonization Bill in 1907. 

After studying in a village school for a couple of years, he attended an Anglo-Vedic school in Lahore , operated by Arya Samaj.  In 1923, he was admitted to the National College in Lahore which was founded by the Indian Independence activist Lala Lajpat Rai. The college which was established two years ago was in line with Mahatma Gandhi’s call for non-cooperation to shun schools and colleges subsidised by the British government. 

Revolutionary Deeds of Bhagat Singh 

The killing of police officer john saunders.

Simon Commission was established by the British Government to report the political situation in India. The Commission headed by Sir John Simon was boycotted as no Indian was a part of it.  

On 30 October 1928, the Commission visited Lahore. Lala Lajpat Rai led a silent march against it. In a bid to disperse the demonstrators, the Superintendent of Police, James A. Scott, ordered a lathi charge in which Rai was grievously injured. Rai died of a heart attack on 17 November 1928. 

To avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh along with two other two revolutionaries, Sukhdev and Rajguru , plotted to kill the Superintendent of Police . However, in case of mistaken identity, Bhagat Singh killed British Police Officer John Saunders when he was leaving the District Police Headquarters in Lahore on 17 December 1928.

Soon after this, a massive search operation was launched and Bhagat Singh had to flee from Lahore, and shave his head and beard to avoid recognition. 

While Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi condemned the violent act committed by Bhagat Singh former Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru noted:

The Bombing of Central Assembly Hall

Some famous quotes of bhagat singh.

• “They may kill me, but they cannot kill my ideas. They can crush my body, but they will not be able to crush my spirit."
•  "Revolution is an inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is an imperishable birthright of all."
• “But man's duty is to try and endeavour, success depends upon chance and environments.”
• “Philosophy is the outcome of human weakness or limitation of knowledge.”
• “Merciless criticism and independent thinking are the two necessary traits of revolutionary thinking.”
• "I am a man and all that affects mankind concerns me."
• "If the deaf is to hear, the sound has to be very loud."
• “A rebellion is not a revolution. It may ultimately lead to that end.”
•  “The aim of life is no more to control the mind, but to develop it harmoniously; not to achieve salvation hereafter, but to make the best use of it here below.”
• "Any man who stands for progress has to criticize, disbelieve and challenge every item of the old faith."

Assembly case trial, jail term, and execution

Post a preliminary hearing in May, the trial in the case began in the first week of June. On June 12, both Singh and Dutt were sentenced to life imprisonment for causing explosions of a nature likely to endanger life, unlawfully and maliciously. 

In 1929, his associates Sukhdev, Kishori Lal, and Jai Gopal were arrested  in connection with setting up bomb factories in Lahore and Saharanpur. As the investigation in the case furthered, the police connected the dots of  Saunders murder, Assembly bombing, and bomb manufacture. 

Bhagat Singh who considered himself as a political prisoner, along with others, noted the discrimination between the European and the Indin prisoners. The political prisoners demanded equality in food standards, clothing, toiletries, and other hygienic necessities, as well as access to books and a daily newspaper.

Singh along with other prisoners underwent a hunger strike. Failed attempts were made to break the strike by the government. With the nationwide popularity of the hunger strike, the government decided to advance the Lahore Conspiracy Case Singh was transported to Bostal Jail in Lahore and the trial began on 10 July 1929.  

Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were hanged to death in Lahore Conspiracy Case on 23 March 1931 at 7:30 pm.

Get here current GK and GK quiz questions in English and Hindi for India , World, Sports and Competitive exam preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Current Affairs App .

• At what age did Bhagat Singh die? + Bhagat Singh was hanged to death at the age of 23 years.
• Why Bhagat Singh was hanged to death? + Bhagat Singh was hanged to death on 23 March 1991 in Lahore Conspiracy Case.
• Who was Bhagat Singh? + Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary freedom fighter who was executed by hanging by Britishers at the age of 23 years. His execution at an early age made him a national hero of the Indian freedom struggle against British colonial rule. He is fondly known as Shaheed Bhagat Singh.
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Bhagat Singh Jayanti, Biography, History, Revolutionary Activities

Bhagat Singh born in September 28, 1907 was an Indian revolutionary freedom fighter. Know all about Bhagat Singh Jayanti, Biography, Death and Important Facts for UPSC & Other government exams.

Table of Contents

Bhagat Singh (1907-1931) was a charismatic Indian revolutionary who is considered one of the most famous and iconic figures in the Indian independence movement. He was a staunch advocate of socialist and communist ideals, and he believed in using violence to achieve independence from British rule. He is considered one of the most influential nationalist leaders of the  Indian Independence movement .

He is also referred to as  ‘Shaheed Bhagat Singh’ . The word ‘Shaheed’ means a martyr. “If the deaf are to hear, the sound has to be very loud. When we dropped the bomb, it was not our intention to kill anybody, we have bombed the British Government, British must quit India and make it free.” He said this after the Assembly Bombing.

Bhagat Singh Jayanti

Bhagat Singh Jayanti, also known as Shaheed Bhagat Singh’s birth anniversary, is observed on September 28th every year. It commemorates the birth anniversary of Bhagat Singh, a prominent freedom fighter of India and revolutionary in India’s struggle for independence from British colonial rule. On this day, people across India pay tribute to his courage, patriotism, and sacrifice for the nation. Various events, seminars, and cultural programs are organized to remember his legacy and the ideals he stood for. Bhagat Singh’s contributions to the independence movement continue to inspire generations of Indians.

Bhagat Singh Biography

All those who stand up for justice and struggle against injustice might find inspiration in his life. At a very young age, he devoted his entire life was devoted to the fight for India’s Independence. His History is a reminder that success is still attainable even in the face of extreme adversity. The biography of Bhagat Singh offers inspiration to people battling for change today and offers a glimpse into the revolutionary’s mentality.

Bhagat Singh History

One of the most important revolutionaries in the Indian Nationalist Movement is Bhagat Singh. On September 28, 1907, Kishan Singh and Vidyavati gave birth to Bhagat Singh in Banga, Lyallpur District (now Pakistan). When he was born, his uncles Ajit and Swaran Singh, as well as his father Kishan Singh, were all imprisoned for protesting the 1906 Colonization Bill. Being raised in a politically conscious household where his family supported the Ghadar Party, young Singh developed a sense of patriotism. Singh started supporting Mahatma Gandhi’s  Non-Cooperation Movement  at a very young age. He openly resisted the British and carried out Gandhi’s request by setting fire to publications that the government-sponsored. In fact, he quit school altogether to enroll in Lahore’s National College. The 1919  Jallianwala Bagh Massacre  and the 1921 murder of unarmed Akali demonstrators at the Nankana Sahib both occurred when he was a teenager, and both events strongly influenced his patriotic viewpoint. His family adhered to the Gandhian philosophy of using non-violence to achieve Swaraj. For a while, he also backed the  Indian National Congress  and the objectives of the  Non-Cooperation Movement . After the  Chauri Chaura Incident , Gandhi demanded that the movement against non-cooperation be abandoned. He disassociated himself from Gandhi’s nonviolent effort because of the choice and joined the Young Revolutionary Movement instead. Thus began his career as the most well-known proponent of a bloody uprising against the British Raj. The Naujawan Bharat Sabha was established in March 1925, with he serving as its secretary, and was motivated by nationalist movements in Europe. In addition, He joined the radical Hindustan Republican Association  (HRA), which he eventually renamed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) with fellow revolutionaries  Chandra Shekhar Azad  and Sukhdev.

Freedom fighters Revolutionary Activities

His political activism began in earnest during the 1920s. He was involved in a number of protests and demonstrations against British rule, and he also participated in several armed robberies to fund the HSRA’s activities. His early actions consisted primarily of penning critical articles against the British government and printing and distributing leaflets explaining the fundamentals of a violent insurrection with the goal of overthrowing the government. To protest the Simon Commission’s arrival, Lala Lajpat Rai led an all-parties parade that marched toward the Lahore train station on October 30, 1928. To stop the protesters from moving forward, the police used a violent lathi charge. The revolutionaries were not able to recognize J.P. Saunders, who was Assistant Superintendent of Police; they thought that he was a Scott and killed him instead. He quickly left Lahore to avoid getting caught. To avoid being recognized, he shaved his beard and cut his hair, violating the core values of Sikhism.

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)

• He was a prominent revolutionary in India’s fight for independence, closely aligned with the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
• Joining the HSRA in his youth, Singh was drawn to its militant approach against British colonial rule.
• Notable members included Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru.
• Singh and his associates became infamous for actions such as the Saunders killing, seeking revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, and the Central Legislative Assembly bombing to protest repressive laws.
• Their hunger strike in prison gained widespread support.
• Executed by the British in 1931, Singh’s martyrdom remains an enduring symbol of courage and sacrifice in India’s struggle for freedom.

Assassination of J.P. Saunders

• He and his compatriot Rajguru assassinated J.P. Saunders in 1928 to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai during a protest against the Simon Commission.
• Mistakenly identifying Saunders as the responsible police officer, they shot him dead in Lahore.
• This act marked a significant turning point in India’s struggle for independence and propelled Singh and his associates into the national spotlight, as they openly dared to challenge British colonial rule.

Central Assembly Bombing Case

• Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt exploded a bomb in Delhi’s Central Assembly on April 8, 1929, from the Visitors’ Gallery.
• They also raised pro-revolutionary banners and threw leaflets.
• Because they planned to utilize the trial as a platform to propagate their message of revolution and anti-imperialism, neither revolutionary resisted being taken into custody.
• Throughout the entire arrest, they screamed “Inquilab Zindabad” slogans.
• The phrase gained a lot of traction with young people and many liberation warriors.
• They never intended to hurt anyone physically, thus there were no casualties in the incident.
• Their claimed objective was “to make the deaf hear.” Auguste Valliant, a French anarchist who was hanged by France for a similar incident in Paris, served as inspiration for Bhagat Singh, the incident’s mastermind.
• Both Singh and Dutt received life sentences in jail after being found guilty in the incident’s trial.
• At this point, He had also been connected to the JP Saunders murder case.
• He was charged with the murder of Saunders together with Rajguru and Sukhdev.

Dr.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Biography

1929 Assembly Incident Trial

• The violent protest was met with harsh criticism from the political body.
• In response, Singh said, “Force, when used violently, is ‘violence’ and is, thus, morally indefensible, but when it is used in support of a righteous cause, it has its moral legitimacy.
• Trial proceedings began in May, with Singh attempting to represent himself and Batukeshwar Dutt being represented by Afsar Ali.
• The explosions’ malevolent and illegal motive was cited by the court in its decision in favour of a life sentence.

Lahore Conspiracy Case and Trial

• Three people, Hans Raj Vohra, Jai Gopal, and Phanindra Nath Ghosh, turned government approvers, which resulted in a total of 21 arrests, including those of Sukhdev, Jatindra Nath Das, and Rajguru.
• The police raided the HSRA bomb factories in Lahore shortly after the sentencing and detained several well-known revolutionaries.
• For the murder of Assistant Superintendent Saunders, the making of bombs, and the Lahore Conspiracy case, Bhagat Singh was detained once again.
• On the orders of the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, a special tribunal made up of Justices J. Coldstream, Agha Hyder, and G. C. Hilton was established on May 1st, 1930 due to the sluggishness of the legal proceedings.
• The tribunal had the authority to conduct the trial without the presence of the defendant, and it was a biased trial that rarely followed the standard legal rights principles.

Hunger Strike

• When Singh was sent to the Central Jail Mianwali from the Delhi jail he witnessed discrimination between the Indian and European Prisoners.
• He considered himself as a political prisoner.
• He organized a hunger strike on behalf of fellow political prisoners from India who he believed were being treated like normal criminals.
• They wanted access to literature and a daily newspaper, as well as equality in access to food standards, clothing, toiletries, and other hygiene essentials.
• They contended that they shouldn’t be made to perform manual labour or any other inhumane tasks while incarcerated.
• Around June 1929, the public began to support Bhagat Singh and his colleagues more due to the hunger strike.
• After a 63-day hunger strike, Jatindra Nath Das passed away on September 13, 1929.
• Nearly all of the nation’s nationalist leaders paid respects to Jatin Das.
• In response, Gopi Chand Bhargava and Mohammad Alam withdrew from the Punjab Legislative Council.
• Nehru also successfully sponsored an adjournment motion in the Central Assembly to denounce the “inhumane treatment” of the Lahore captives.
• He finally ended the hunger strike after 116 days on October 5, 1929.
• During this time, Singh was well-liked outside of Punjab among ordinary Indians.

Thoughts and Opinions

His sense of patriotism had been embedded in him since a very young age. He was raised to value nationalism and yearned for an independent India free from British rule. He developed a socialist outlook after reading a lot of European literature and creating a great desire for a democratic future for his beloved nation. Singh was born a Sikh, but after seeing numerous Hindu-Muslim riots and other religious upheavals, he began to lean toward atheism. He thought that in order to attain something as precious as Independence, imperialism’s exploitative aspect needed to be eradicated. According to his opinion, only an armed revolution along the lines of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia could bring about such transformation. He coined the phrase “Inquilab Zindabad,” which eventually became the war cry of the campaign for Indian independence.

Bhagat Singh Death

He died on March 23, 1931, at 7:30 in the morning, hanging with his friends Rajguru and Sukhdev at the Lahore Jail. He was 23 at that time. He was born on September 28, 1907. They allegedly shouted their favorite slogans, such as “Inquilab Zindabad” and “Down with British Imperialism,” as they marched joyfully to the execution location bank of the Sutlej River.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Legacy

He was the perfect role model for the youth of his period because of his passionate patriotism and developed idealism. Also became the voice of his generation through his criticism of the British Imperial Government in writing and speech. Numerous people have questioned his dramatic departure from Gandhi’s non-violent path to Swaraj, yet with his daring embrace of martyrdom, he encouraged hundreds of teenagers and young adults to fully engage in the freedom movement.

His legacy is complex and contested. He is revered by many Indians as a national hero and a symbol of the struggle for independence. However, he is also criticized for his use of violence and his association with the HSRA, which was responsible for several other acts of violence against British officials and civilians.

Despite the controversies surrounding his legacy, there is no doubt that he was a charismatic and influential figure who played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. His life and work continue to inspire generations of Indians who are fighting for social justice and equality.

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Bhagat Singh Jayanti FAQs

Why bhagat singh is famous.

Bhagat Singh was an Indian revolutionary freedom fighter who was hanged to death by British colonisers at the age of 23 years. Fondly known as 'Shaheed (martyr) Bhagat Singh', he is considered a national hero of India's freedom struggle against colonial rule.

What is Bhagat Singh real name?

His real name was Bhagat Singh but he was also known as Shaheed-e-Azam.

Why did Gandhi not save Bhagat?

Gandhi, who advocated for nonviolence, disagreed with Bhagat Singh and his allies' use of violence to obtain freedom. That didn't imply Gandhi supported hanging Bhagat Singh and his pals insinually.

Who was better Gandhi or Bhagat Singh?

Bhagat Singh engaged in a revolutionary armed fight laced with violence against the British government, while Mahatma Gandhi led a civil disobedience movement based on the values of nonviolence and satyagraha. Despite having different philosophies and worldviews, each has the same goal.

What's the slogan of Bhagat Singh?

One of Bhagat Singh's most famous slogans is "Inquilab Zindabad."

What is the bhagat singh death age?

Bhagat Singh died at the age of 23. He was born on September 28, 1907, and was executed on March 23, 1931.

Give me a Brief information about Bhagat Singh.

Bhagat Singh (28 September 1907 – 23 March 1931) was an Indian revolutionary who challenged British rule of India. He is considered to be one of the most important figures in the Indian independence movement. In 1928, Bhagat Singh and other HRA members assassinated John Saunders, a British police officer. They were convicted of murder and sentenced to death. Singh was hanged on 23 March 1931 at the age of 23.

What is bhagat singh date of birth and death?

Bhagat Singh was born on September 28, 1907, and died on March 23, 1931.

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Bhagat Singh Biography: Birth, Age, Education, Jail-term, Execution, and More About Shaheed-e-Azam | Shaheed Diwas

Bhagat Singh was a zealous revolutionary of the Indian freedom struggle who made the ultimate sacrifice trying to deliver his motherland from the chains of slavery...

Table of Content

Bhagat Singh was a zealous revolutionary of the Indian freedom struggle who made the ultimate sacrifice trying to deliver his motherland from the chains of slavery. He was martyred at a very young age of 23, along with two of his fellow revolutionaries and convicted by the British government of assassinating John Saunders – a British police officer. They were awarded capital punishment and executed by hanging on 23rd March 1931. Despite his short but eventful life, Bhagat Singh left his mark. He is an inspiration to new generations of activists around the world.

Table of Contents

Bhagat singh – important details, national movement and revolutionary activities, assembly incident trial, lahore-conspiracy-case and trial, shaheed diwas.

• Date of Birth – 28th September 1907 
• Birthplace – Village Banga, Punjab (now in Pakistan
• Parents:  mother – Vidyavati Kaur. Father – Kishan Singh 
• Education: DAV High School and National College, Lahore 
• Associations: Naujawan Bharat Sabha, Kirti Kisan Party, Hindustan Republican Association, and Kranti Dal
• Death: Executed on 23rd March 1931
• Memorial: The National Martyrs Memorial, Hussainwala, Punjab

On 28th September 1907, he was born in Banga village of Punjab (now in Pakistan) into a Sikh family. His father was Kishan Singh, and his mother was called Vidyavati Kaur. During his birth, his father and uncles were serving jail sentences for demonstrating against the colonisation bill passed by the British in 1906. The politically infused environment in the family kindled the light of patriotism in the heart of boy Bhagat Singh. Very soon, he joined the Non-Cooperation Movement started by Mahatma Gandhi. He burnt the government. sponsored books. He completed his education at DAV high school and Lahore National College, Lahore. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 and the 1921 killing of Akali protestors at Nankana Sahib affected him immensely. Initially, like his family, Bhagat Singh had faith in the Gandhian ideology of non-violence to attain swaraj, but such incidents changed his belief. 

He was arrested for a 1926 bombing in Lahore. After about 6 months he was released by paying a bond of Rs.60,000/-. The 30th October 1928 brutal lathi charge case which resulted in Lala Lajpat Rai’s death affected Bhagat Singh significantly. Lala Lajpat Rai was leading an all-party protest against the Simon commission. As the procession marched towards the railway station of Lahore, the police to prevent them from advancing any further the police started a brutal lathi-charge. They targeted Lala Lajpat Rai and rained lathis on him. As a result of the injuries, he died on 17th November 1928. 

James A. Scott was the British police officer who had ordered the lathi-charge. Bhagat Singh and his associates vowed to avenge this injustice. The revolutionaries mistook J.P. Saunders ASP to be Scott and killed him. Bhagat Singh left the city (Lahore). He also violated the sacred rules of Sikhism and shaved his beard and cut off his hair. In order to protest the making of the Defence of India Act, the HSRA decided to throw a bomb in the premises of the assembly. 

Accordingly, on 8th April 1929, Bhagat Singh together with Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in the assembly corridor, pamphlets containing their message were thrown into the air, and raised the slogan of ‘Inqilab Zindabad’. The bomb exploded in the corridor since there was no intention of hurting anyone but some council members were hurt during the commotion. Both the revolutionaries were arrested. 

The trial began in May 1929. Although Batukeshwar Dutt had Afsar Ali as his counsel, Bhagat Singh preferred to defend himself. He made the stand of the revolutionaries clear, saying – ‘Force when aggressively applied is violence and therefore is unjustifiable, but when used for the furtherance of a legitimate cause it has its moral justification.’ As expected, the court did not rule in favour of the revolutionaries terming their action as ‘malicious and unlawful intent’. The court awarded them a life sentence.

Soon after, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association’s bomb factories were raided, and prominent revolutionaries were arrested. Unfortunately, Phanindra Nath Ghosh, Hansraj Vohra, and Jai Gopal turned approvers for the government. As a result, 21 arrests were made, which included Sukhdev, Rajguru, and Jatindra Nath Das. Bhagat Singh was arrested for the Lahore-Conspiracy case, the murder of John Saunders- the ASP, and the manufacturing of bombs. The trial was held in a special sessions court against 28 accused revolutionaries on 10th July 1929. The judge to preside over the case was Rai Saheb Pandit Shri Kishan. Bhagat Singh and his fellow inmates noticed the deplorable condition of the jail, where the condition of the native prisoners compared to the white was pathetic.

The revolutionaries also demanded the political prisoners’ status for themselves. They began a hunger strike to support their demand. Although this garnered public support and the attention of the press, the authorities did not bat an eyelid. After 63 days of fasting, Jatindra-Nath Das died. Bhagat Singh broke his fast on 5th October 1929 after Singh’s father and the congress leadership requested him to do so. As the proceeding took a long time to complete, a special tribunal was formed. Justice J. Coldstream, Justice G. C. Hilton, and Justice Agah Hyder, as a tribunal, were given the power to continue the proceeding without the accused. The legal rights of the accused were ignored as it was a one-sided trial. It found Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev guilty in a murder case. Bhagat Singh agreed to the charges and made burning declarations against British rule in India. The court sentenced them the capital punishment. 

Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were hanged in Lahore Jail on 23rd march 1931 at 7:30 am. While proceeding to the gallows, they raised slogans like ‘down with British imperialism’ and ‘Inquilab Zindabad’. The three Bravehearts were cremated at the Hussainiwala located beside the river Sutlej.

Shaheed Diwas, or Martyr’s Day, is celebrated by Indians to pay homage to and honour the commitment and courage of the Bravehearts who made the ultimate sacrifice for their motherland. Shaheed Diwas, besides being celebrated on 23rd March, is also celebrated on 30th January – the day Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated.

Frequently Asked Questions

Get answers to the most common queries related to the General Awareness.

How did Bhagat Singh become a revolutionary?

To which religion did bhagat singh belong, when was bhagat singh executed.

Answer: He was executed on 23rd March 1931.

Where is Bhagat Singh's memorial situated?

Where was bhagat singh executed.

Answer: The politics-infused environment in the family made him patriotic, but the Jallianwala Bagh and Nankana Sahib incidents affected him immensely. So much so that Mahatma Gandhi’s strategy to attain freedom through non-violence also became meaningless for him.

Answer: Being born into a Sikh family Bhagat Singh followed Sikhism in childhood and during his growing years. As he grew, he saw injustice all around, and it was a world where might was right, so in his youth, he turned to atheism.

Answer: The National Martyrs Memorial is situated at Hussainwala, Punjab.

Answer: He was hanged in Lahore Jail on 23rd march 1931 at 7:30 am.

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Martyr Bhagat Singh: A greatest revolutionary who continue to inspire millions

Bhagat Singh was considered to be one of the most famous revolutionaries of the Bharatiya Independence movement. For this reason, he is often referred to as ‘Shaheed’ (martyr) Bhagat Singh. At such a young age, if anyone was smiling just before being hanged to death, it was Martyr Bhagat Singh. His uncle, Sardar Ajit Singh, as well as his father, were great freedom fighters, so he grew up in a patriotic atmosphere. At an early age, he started dreaming of uprooting the British empire. Never afraid of fighting during his childhood, he thought of ‘growing guns in the fields’, so that he could fight the British. The Ghadar Movement left a deep imprint on his mind. Kartar Singh Sarabha, hanged at the age of 19, became his hero. The massacre at Jallianwala Bagh on 13th April, 1919 drove him to Amritsar, where he kissed the earth sanctified by the martyrs’ blood and brought back home a little of the soaked soil. At the age of 16, he used to wonder why so many Bharatiyas could not drive away a fistful of invaders.

Born:  28th Sept. 1907, Punjab

Died:  Hanged in the early hours of 23rd March 1931.

In search of revolutionary groups and ideas, he met Sukhdev and Rajguru . Bhagat Singh, along with the help of Chandrashekhar Azad , formed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA). The aim of this Bharatiya revolutionary movement was now defined as not only to make Bharat independent, but also to create a socialist Bharat.

A brutal attack by the police on veteran freedom fighter Lala Lajpat Rai at an anti-British procession caused his death on 17th November 1928, in Lahore. Bhagat Singh determined to avenge Lajpat Rai’s death by shooting the British official responsible for the killing, Deputy Inspector General Scott. He shot down Assistant Superintendent Saunders instead, mistaking him for Scott.

Then he made a dramatic escape from Lahore to Calcutta and from there to Agra, where he established a bomb factory. The British Government responded to the act by imposing severe measures like the Trades Disputes Bill. It was to protest against the passing of the Bill that he threw bombs in the Central Assembly Hall (now our Loksabha) while the Assembly was in session. The bombs did not hurt anyone, but the noise they made was loud enough to wake up an enslaved Nation from a long sleep. After throwing the bombs, Bhagat Singh and his friend deliberately courted arrest by refusing to run away from the scene. During his trial, Bhagat Singh refused to employ any Defense counsel.

Despite great popular pressure and numerous appeals by political leaders of Bharat, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were awarded the death sentence and hanged in the early hours of 23rd March 1931. Their bodies were cremated on the bank of the Sutlej in Ferozepur. Bhagat Singh was just 23 years old at that time. Old timers say that in many places, not a single hearth fire burned that day.

The last paragraph of the leaflet that he distributed (and wrote) in the Assembly Hall said: “We are sorry that we who attach such great sanctity to human life, we who dream of a very glorious future when man will be enjoying perfect peace and full liberty, have been forced to shed human blood. But sacrifice of individuals at the altar of the Revolution will bring freedom to all, rendering exploitation of man by man impossible. Inquilab Zindabad (Long live the Revolution).” There was a time when the very mention of the name of the young revolutionary stirred the passions of most Bharatiyas.

We pay obeisance to this invaluable son of Bharat, who is still an inspiration to millions of Bharatiyas

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Bhagat Singh - UPSC Modern History Notes

Bhagat Singh is an important figure in the history of the Indian freedom movement. He was a revolutionary leader who was executed by the British. In this article, you can read all about Bhagat Singh’s contributions and role in the revolutionary freedom movement, for the Indian history segment of the UPSC syllabus . 

Bhagat Singh Short Notes Download PDF Here

Bhagat Singh [Short Note]

Bhagat Singh was born into a Sikh family in 1907 in Lyallpur District, present-day Pakistan.

• Bhagat Singh’s family members were involved in the freedom struggle and he was drawn towards the Indian independence movement from a very young age.
• As a child, he defied the British government by burning textbooks recommended by it.
• Initially, he supported Mahatma Gandhi and the Non-Cooperation Movement .
• However, when Gandhiji withdrew the movement in the wake of the Chauri Chaura incident , Bhagat Singh turned to revolutionary nationalism.
• He was particularly affected by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919) and the violence against unarmed Akali protestors at Nankana Sahib (1921).
• Inspired by leftist writings he read widely, Bhagat Singh was an atheist and against capitalism.

Bhagat Singh’s Revolutionary Activities/Contributions to Freedom Struggle

Although there have been many leaders from the revolutionary mould, Bhagat Singh’s name is always first quoted when talking about revolutionary freedom fighters of India.

• This organisation aimed to encourage revolution against British rule by rallying the peasants and workers.
• Bhagat Singh served as the organisation’s secretary.
• In 1928, he established the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association ( HSRA ) along with Sukhdev, Chandrashekhar Azad and others.
• Bhagat Singh and his revolutionary friends decided to avenge the death of the dear leader.
• However, in a case of mistaken identity, they assassinated another police official J P Saunders.
• This was part of the Lahore Conspiracy Case .
• After this incident, Bhagat Singh fled from Lahore and made changes to his appearance.
• Bhagat Singh was also involved in this case.
• On 8th April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in the Central Assembly at Delhi, from the Visitors’ Gallery.
• They also threw pamphlets and raised pro-revolutionary slogans.
• Both the revolutionaries courted arrest since they wanted to spread their message of revolution and anti-imperialism, and needed a platform for it.
• Nobody was hurt in the incident, and it was never their intention to cause physical harm to anyone.
• Their stated aim was ‘to make the deaf hear’.
• Bhagat Singh was the mastermind behind the incident, and he was inspired by Auguste Vaillant, a French anarchist, who was executed by France for a similar incident in Paris.
• In the trial that ensued, both Bhagat Singh and BK Dutt were sentenced to transportation for life.
• For more on the Central Assembly Bombing Case, check This Day in History dated 8th April .
• In the meanwhile, the murder case of J P Saunders also came up and Bhagat Singh was linked to that case as well.

Bhagat Singh Execution

Bhagat Singh was arrested and charged in the Saunders murder case, along with Rajguru, Sukhdev and others.

• This trial commenced in July 1929.
• In the Lahore prison where they were lodged, the young leaders started a hunger strike demanding better treatment as they were supposed to be political prisoners.
• They were met by many leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru , who expressed pain on seeing their distress.
• Bhagat Singh fasted for 116 days after which he ended it at the request of his father and Congress leaders.
• The trial, needless to say, was one-sided and Bhagat Singh, along with Rajguru and Sukhdev were sentenced to death.
• The trial and the subsequent sentence drew widespread condemnation from many quarters.
• Many national leaders requested a reduced sentence but to no avail.
• The trio was ordered to be hanged on 24 March 1931 but the sentence was carried out a day earlier at the Lahore Jail. After the hanging, their mortal remains were cremated in secret.
• It is said that Bhagat Singh cried ‘Down with British imperialism’ as he was hanged.
• This execution evoked strong reactions from the Indian people, particularly youngsters, and many were motivated to join the freedom struggle.
• 23rd March is observed as ‘Martyrs’ Day’ or ‘Shaheed Diwas’ or ‘Sarvodaya Day’ in honour of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev.

Bhagat Singh Quotes

Bhagat Singh’s many quotes are famous and some of them can be used in the UPSC Mains exam.

• They may kill me but they cannot kill my ideas. They can crush my body, but they will not be able to crush my spirit.
• Bombs and pistols do not make a revolution. The sword of revolution is sharpened on the whetting stone of ideas.
• May the sun in his course visit no land freer, happier, more lovely, than this our own country.
• But mere faith and blind faith is dangerous: it dulls the brain and makes a man reactionary.
• Revolution is an inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is an imperishable birthright of all. Labour is the real sustainer of society.

Frequently asked Questions about Bhagat Singh

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A Short Biography of Bhagat Singh in English Language

Bhagat Singh was born on September 28, 1907. His father was also a revolutionary, so patriotism flowed in his blood. By the time, he completed his secondary education, Bhagat Singh knew everything about the revolutionaries of his family. At the- age of thirteen, Bhagat Singh left school and joined the freedom movement.

At that time, there was a powerful anti-foreign cloth movement in the country. Bhagat Singh took part in this movement and wore only Khadi. He would collect foreign clothes and burn them. Bhagat Singh had no faith in non-violence and non-cooperation movement and believed that armed revolution was the only practical way of winning freedom. He went to Lahore and formed a group called ‘Naujavan Bharat Sabha’ which consisted of young Indians and was appointed its Secretary. Here he was introduced to Chandrasekhar Azad, another young revolutionary, with whom he formed a great bond. All these days he had been a hero of the Sikhs; he now became a national hero.

In February 1928, the Simon Commission, headed by Sir John Simon, came to India to decide how much freedom and responsibility could be given to the people of India. But there was no Indian on the committee, so people decided to boycott it. Wherever the committee went, people protested with black flags, shouting “Simon go back”. One such procession that was lathi charged was led by Lala Lajpat Rai. A British police officer hit Lalaji on the chest. Lalaji died after some days. To averige Lalaji’s death, Bhagat Singh and two other revolutionaries Sukhdev and Rajguru shot dead Saunders, the police officer responsible. The three were arrested later for throwing a bomb in the Delhi Assembly Hall and sentenced to death. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged a day before the appointed day on March 23rd, 1931. He has rightfully been given the title of Shaheed-e-Azam (King of Martyrs).

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