transverse lie presentation meaning in tamil

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Breech, posterior, transverse lie: What position is my baby in?

Fetal presentation, or how your baby is situated in your womb at birth, is determined by the body part that's positioned to come out first, and it can affect the way you deliver. At the time of delivery, 97 percent of babies are head-down (cephalic presentation). But there are several other possibilities, including feet or bottom first (breech) as well as sideways (transverse lie) and diagonal (oblique lie).

Fetal presentation and position

During the last trimester of your pregnancy, your provider will check your baby's presentation by feeling your belly to locate the head, bottom, and back. If it's unclear, your provider may do an ultrasound or an internal exam to feel what part of the baby is in your pelvis.

Fetal position refers to whether the baby is facing your spine (anterior position) or facing your belly (posterior position). Fetal position can change often: Your baby may be face up at the beginning of labor and face down at delivery.

Here are the many possibilities for fetal presentation and position in the womb.

Medical illustrations by Jonathan Dimes

Head down, facing down (anterior position)

A baby who is head down and facing your spine is in the anterior position. This is the most common fetal presentation and the easiest position for a vaginal delivery.

This position is also known as "occiput anterior" because the back of your baby's skull (occipital bone) is in the front (anterior) of your pelvis.

Head down, facing up (posterior position)

In the posterior position , your baby is head down and facing your belly. You may also hear it called "sunny-side up" because babies who stay in this position are born facing up. But many babies who are facing up during labor rotate to the easier face down (anterior) position before birth.

Posterior position is formally known as "occiput posterior" because the back of your baby's skull (occipital bone) is in the back (posterior) of your pelvis.

Frank breech

In the frank breech presentation, both the baby's legs are extended so that the feet are up near the face. This is the most common type of breech presentation. Breech babies are difficult to deliver vaginally, so most arrive by c-section .

Some providers will attempt to turn your baby manually to the head down position by applying pressure to your belly. This is called an external cephalic version , and it has a 58 percent success rate for turning breech babies. For more information, see our article on breech birth .

Complete breech

A complete breech is when your baby is bottom down with hips and knees bent in a tuck or cross-legged position. If your baby is in a complete breech, you may feel kicking in your lower abdomen.

Incomplete breech

In an incomplete breech, one of the baby's knees is bent so that the foot is tucked next to the bottom with the other leg extended, positioning that foot closer to the face.

Single footling breech

In the single footling breech presentation, one of the baby's feet is pointed toward your cervix.

Double footling breech

In the double footling breech presentation, both of the baby's feet are pointed toward your cervix.

Transverse lie

In a transverse lie, the baby is lying horizontally in your uterus and may be facing up toward your head or down toward your feet. Babies settle this way less than 1 percent of the time, but it happens more commonly if you're carrying multiples or deliver before your due date.

If your baby stays in a transverse lie until the end of your pregnancy, it can be dangerous for delivery. Your provider will likely schedule a c-section or attempt an external cephalic version , which is highly successful for turning babies in this position.

Oblique lie

In rare cases, your baby may lie diagonally in your uterus, with his rump facing the side of your body at an angle.

Like the transverse lie, this position is more common earlier in pregnancy, and it's likely your provider will intervene if your baby is still in the oblique lie at the end of your third trimester.

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What to know if your baby is breech

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How your twins’ fetal positions affect labor and delivery

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Ahmad A et al. 2014. Association of fetal position at onset of labor and mode of delivery: A prospective cohort study. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology 43(2):176-182. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929533 Opens a new window [Accessed September 2021]

Gray CJ and Shanahan MM. 2019. Breech presentation. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448063/ Opens a new window [Accessed September 2021]

Hankins GD. 1990. Transverse lie. American Journal of Perinatology 7(1):66-70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2131781 Opens a new window [Accessed September 2021]

Medline Plus. 2020. Your baby in the birth canal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002060.htm Opens a new window [Accessed September 2021]

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transverse lie presentation meaning in tamil

Fetal Presentation, Position, and Lie (Including Breech Presentation)

Key Points |

Abnormal fetal lie or presentation may occur due to fetal size, fetal anomalies, uterine structural abnormalities, multiple gestation, or other factors. Diagnosis is by examination or ultrasonography. Management is with physical maneuvers to reposition the fetus, operative vaginal delivery , or cesarean delivery .

Terms that describe the fetus in relation to the uterus, cervix, and maternal pelvis are

Fetal presentation: Fetal part that overlies the maternal pelvic inlet; vertex (cephalic), face, brow, breech, shoulder, funic (umbilical cord), or compound (more than one part, eg, shoulder and hand)

Fetal position: Relation of the presenting part to an anatomic axis; for transverse presentation, occiput anterior, occiput posterior, occiput transverse

Fetal lie: Relation of the fetus to the long axis of the uterus; longitudinal, oblique, or transverse

Normal fetal lie is longitudinal, normal presentation is vertex, and occiput anterior is the most common position.

Abnormal fetal lie, presentation, or position may occur with

Fetopelvic disproportion (fetus too large for the pelvic inlet)

Fetal congenital anomalies

Uterine structural abnormalities (eg, fibroids, synechiae)

Multiple gestation

Several common types of abnormal lie or presentation are discussed here.

Transverse lie

Fetal position is transverse, with the fetal long axis oblique or perpendicular rather than parallel to the maternal long axis. Transverse lie is often accompanied by shoulder presentation, which requires cesarean delivery.

Breech presentation

There are several types of breech presentation.

Frank breech: The fetal hips are flexed, and the knees extended (pike position).

Complete breech: The fetus seems to be sitting with hips and knees flexed.

Single or double footling presentation: One or both legs are completely extended and present before the buttocks.

Types of breech presentations

Breech presentation makes delivery difficult ,primarily because the presenting part is a poor dilating wedge. Having a poor dilating wedge can lead to incomplete cervical dilation, because the presenting part is narrower than the head that follows. The head, which is the part with the largest diameter, can then be trapped during delivery.

Additionally, the trapped fetal head can compress the umbilical cord if the fetal umbilicus is visible at the introitus, particularly in primiparas whose pelvic tissues have not been dilated by previous deliveries. Umbilical cord compression may cause fetal hypoxemia.

Predisposing factors for breech presentation include

Preterm labor

Uterine abnormalities

Fetal anomalies

If delivery is vaginal, breech presentation may increase risk of

Umbilical cord prolapse

Birth trauma

Perinatal death

Face or brow presentation

In face presentation, the head is hyperextended, and position is designated by the position of the chin (mentum). When the chin is posterior, the head is less likely to rotate and less likely to deliver vaginally, necessitating cesarean delivery.

Brow presentation usually converts spontaneously to vertex or face presentation.

Occiput posterior position

The most common abnormal position is occiput posterior.

The fetal neck is usually somewhat deflexed; thus, a larger diameter of the head must pass through the pelvis.

Progress may arrest in the second phase of labor. Operative vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery is often required.

Position and Presentation of the Fetus

If a fetus is in the occiput posterior position, operative vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery is often required.

In breech presentation, the presenting part is a poor dilating wedge, which can cause the head to be trapped during delivery, often compressing the umbilical cord.

For breech presentation, usually do cesarean delivery at 39 weeks or during labor, but external cephalic version is sometimes successful before labor, usually at 37 or 38 weeks.

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7.6 Transverse lie and shoulder presentation

A transverse lie constitutes an absolute foeto-pelvic disproportion, and vaginal delivery is impossible.

This is an obstetric emergency, because labour is obstructed and there is a risk of uterine rupture and foetal distress.

7.6.1 Diagnosis

The uterus is very wide: the transverse axis is virtually equivalent to the longitudinal axis; fundal height is less than 30 cm near term.
On examination: head in one side, breech in the other (Figures 7.1a and 7.1b). Vaginal examination reveals a nearly empty true pelvis or a shoulder with—sometimes—an arm prolapsing from the vagina (Figure 7.1c).

Figures 7.1 - Transverse lie and shoulder presentation

7.6.2 Possible causes

Grand multiparity (5 deliveries or more)
Uterine malformation

Twin pregnancy

Prematurity
Placenta praevia
Foeto-pelvic disproportion

7.6.3 Management

This diagnosis should be made before labour begins, at the last prenatal visit before the birth.

At the end of pregnancy

Singleton pregnancy.

External version 4 to 6 weeks before delivery, in a CEmONC facility ( Section 7.7 ).
If this fails, delivery should be carried out by caesarean section, either planned or at the beginning of labour (Chapter 6, Section 6.4.1 ).
External version is contra-indicated.
If the first twin is in a transverse lie (unusual): schedule a caesarean section.
If the second twin is in a transverse lie: there is no indication for caesarean section, but plan delivery in a CEmONC facility so that it can be performed if necessary. Deliver the first twin and then, assess the foetal position and give a few minutes for the second twin to adopt a longitudinal lie. If the second twin stays in a transverse lie, and depending on the experience of the operator, perform external version ( Section 7.7 ) and/or internal version ( Section 7.8 ) on the second twin.

During labour, in a CEmONC facility

Foetus alive and membranes intact.

Gentle external version, between two contractions, as early as possible, then proceed as with normal delivery.
If this fails: caesarean section.

Foetus alive and membranes ruptured

Multipara with relaxed uterus and mobile foetus, and an experienced operator: internal version and total breech extraction.
Primipara, or tight uterus, or immobile foetus, or engaged arm, or scarred uterus or insufficiently-experienced operator: caesarean section.
Incomplete dilation: caesarean section.

Caesarean section can be difficult due to uterine retraction. Vertical hysterotomy is preferable. To perform extraction, grasp a foot in the fundus (equivalent to a total breech extraction, but by caesarean section).

Foetus dead

Embryotomy for transverse lie (Chapter 9, Section 9.7.7 ).

During labour, in remote settings where surgery is not available

Try to refer the patient to a CEmONC facility. If not feasible:

Attempt external version as early as possible.
If this fails, wait for complete dilation.
Perform an external version ( Section 7.7 ) combined with an internal version ( Section 7.8 ), possibly placing the woman in various positions (Trendelenburg or knee-chest).
Put the woman into the knee-chest position.
Between contractions, push the foetus back and try to engage his head.
Vacuum extraction (Chapter 5, Section 5.6.1 ) and symphysiotomy (Chapter 5, Section 5.7 ) at the slightest difficulty.
Incomplete dilation: Trendelenburg position and watchful waiting until complete dilation.

Try to refer the patient, even if referral takes some time. If not feasible, embryotomy for transverse lie (Chapter 9, Section 9.7.7 ).

Fetal Presentation, Position, and Lie (Including Breech Presentation)

Key Points |

Terms that describe the fetus in relation to the uterus, cervix, and maternal pelvis are

Fetal position: Relation of the presenting part to an anatomic axis; for transverse presentation, occiput anterior, occiput posterior, occiput transverse

Fetal lie: Relation of the fetus to the long axis of the uterus; longitudinal, oblique, or transverse

Normal fetal lie is longitudinal, normal presentation is vertex, and occiput anterior is the most common position.

Abnormal fetal lie, presentation, or position may occur with

Fetopelvic disproportion (fetus too large for the pelvic inlet)

Fetal congenital anomalies

Uterine structural abnormalities (eg, fibroids, synechiae)

Multiple gestation

Several common types of abnormal lie or presentation are discussed here.

Transverse lie

Breech presentation

There are several types of breech presentation.

Frank breech: The fetal hips are flexed, and the knees extended (pike position).

Complete breech: The fetus seems to be sitting with hips and knees flexed.

Single or double footling presentation: One or both legs are completely extended and present before the buttocks.

Types of breech presentations

Predisposing factors for breech presentation include

Preterm labor

Uterine abnormalities

Fetal anomalies

If delivery is vaginal, breech presentation may increase risk of

Umbilical cord prolapse

Birth trauma

Perinatal death

Face or brow presentation

Brow presentation usually converts spontaneously to vertex or face presentation.

Occiput posterior position

The most common abnormal position is occiput posterior.

The fetal neck is usually somewhat deflexed; thus, a larger diameter of the head must pass through the pelvis.

Progress may arrest in the second phase of labor. Operative vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery is often required.

Position and Presentation of the Fetus

If a fetus is in the occiput posterior position, operative vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery is often required.

In breech presentation, the presenting part is a poor dilating wedge, which can cause the head to be trapped during delivery, often compressing the umbilical cord.

For breech presentation, usually do cesarean delivery at 39 weeks or during labor, but external cephalic version is sometimes successful before labor, usually at 37 or 38 weeks.

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Pregnancy week by week
Fetal presentation before birth

The way a baby is positioned in the uterus just before birth can have a big effect on labor and delivery. This positioning is called fetal presentation.

Babies twist, stretch and tumble quite a bit during pregnancy. Before labor starts, however, they usually come to rest in a way that allows them to be delivered through the birth canal headfirst. This position is called cephalic presentation. But there are other ways a baby may settle just before labor begins.

Following are some of the possible ways a baby may be positioned at the end of pregnancy.

Head down, face down

When a baby is head down, face down, the medical term for it is the cephalic occiput anterior position. This the most common position for a baby to be born in. With the face down and turned slightly to the side, the smallest part of the baby's head leads the way through the birth canal. It is the easiest way for a baby to be born.

Head down, face up

When a baby is head down, face up, the medical term for it is the cephalic occiput posterior position. In this position, it might be harder for a baby's head to go under the pubic bone during delivery. That can make labor take longer.

Most babies who begin labor in this position eventually turn to be face down. If that doesn't happen, and the second stage of labor is taking a long time, a member of the health care team may reach through the vagina to help the baby turn. This is called manual rotation.

In some cases, a baby can be born in the head-down, face-up position. Use of forceps or a vacuum device to help with delivery is more common when a baby is in this position than in the head-down, face-down position. In some cases, a C-section delivery may be needed.

Illustration of the head-down, face-up position

Frank breech

When a baby's feet or buttocks are in place to come out first during birth, it's called a breech presentation. This happens in about 3% to 4% of babies close to the time of birth. The baby shown below is in a frank breech presentation. That's when the knees aren't bent, and the feet are close to the baby's head. This is the most common type of breech presentation.

If you are more than 36 weeks into your pregnancy and your baby is in a frank breech presentation, your health care professional may try to move the baby into a head-down position. This is done using a procedure called external cephalic version. It involves one or two members of the health care team putting pressure on your belly with their hands to get the baby to roll into a head-down position.

If the procedure isn't successful, or if the baby moves back into a breech position, talk with a member of your health care team about the choices you have for delivery. Most babies in a frank breech position are born by planned C-section.

Illustration of the frank breech position

Complete and incomplete breech

A complete breech presentation, as shown below, is when the baby has both knees bent and both legs pulled close to the body. In an incomplete breech, one or both of the legs are not pulled close to the body, and one or both of the feet or knees are below the baby's buttocks. If a baby is in either of these positions, you might feel kicking in the lower part of your belly.

If you are more than 36 weeks into your pregnancy and your baby is in a complete or incomplete breech presentation, your health care professional may try to move the baby into a head-down position. This is done using a procedure called external cephalic version. It involves one or two members of the health care team putting pressure on your belly with their hands to get the baby to roll into a head-down position.

If the procedure isn't successful, or if the baby moves back into a breech position, talk with a member of your health care team about the choices you have for delivery. Many babies in a complete or incomplete breech position are born by planned C-section.

Illustration of a complete breech presentation

When a baby is sideways — lying horizontal across the uterus, rather than vertical — it's called a transverse lie. In this position, the baby's back might be:

Down, with the back facing the birth canal.
Sideways, with one shoulder pointing toward the birth canal.
Up, with the hands and feet facing the birth canal.

Although many babies are sideways early in pregnancy, few stay this way when labor begins.

If your baby is in a transverse lie during week 37 of your pregnancy, your health care professional may try to move the baby into a head-down position. This is done using a procedure called external cephalic version. External cephalic version involves one or two members of your health care team putting pressure on your belly with their hands to get the baby to roll into a head-down position.

If the procedure isn't successful, or if the baby moves back into a transverse lie, talk with a member of your health care team about the choices you have for delivery. Many babies who are in a transverse lie are born by C-section.

If you're pregnant with twins and only the twin that's lower in the uterus is head down, as shown below, your health care provider may first deliver that baby vaginally.

Then, in some cases, your health care team may suggest delivering the second twin in the breech position. Or they may try to move the second twin into a head-down position. This is done using a procedure called external cephalic version. External cephalic version involves one or two members of the health care team putting pressure on your belly with their hands to get the baby to roll into a head-down position.

Your health care team may suggest delivery by C-section for the second twin if:

An attempt to deliver the baby in the breech position is not successful.
You do not want to try to have the baby delivered vaginally in the breech position.
An attempt to move the baby into a head-down position is not successful.
You do not want to try to move the baby to a head-down position.

In some cases, your health care team may advise that you have both twins delivered by C-section. That might happen if the lower twin is not head down, the second twin has low or high birth weight as compared to the first twin, or if preterm labor starts.

Landon MB, et al., eds. Normal labor and delivery. In: Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 19, 2023.
Holcroft Argani C, et al. Occiput posterior position. https://www.updtodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 19, 2023.
Frequently asked questions: If your baby is breech. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/if-your-baby-is-breech. Accessed May 22, 2023.
Hofmeyr GJ. Overview of breech presentation. https://www.updtodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 22, 2023.
Strauss RA, et al. Transverse fetal lie. https://www.updtodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 22, 2023.
Chasen ST, et al. Twin pregnancy: Labor and delivery. https://www.updtodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 22, 2023.
Cohen R, et al. Is vaginal delivery of a breech second twin safe? A comparison between delivery of vertex and non-vertex second twins. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2021; doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.2005569.
Marnach ML (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. May 31, 2023.

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Abnormal Fetal lie, Malpresentation and Malposition

Original Author(s): Anna Mcclune Last updated: 1st December 2018 Revisions: 12

1 Definitions
2 Risk Factors
3.2 Presentation
3.3 Position
4 Investigations
5.1 Abnormal Fetal Lie
5.2 Malpresentation
5.3 Malposition

The lie, presentation and position of a fetus are important during labour and delivery.

In this article, we will look at the risk factors, examination and management of abnormal fetal lie, malpresentation and malposition.

Definitions

Longitudinal, transverse or oblique
Cephalic vertex presentation is the most common and is considered the safest
Other presentations include breech, shoulder, face and brow
Usually the fetal head engages in the occipito-anterior position (the fetal occiput facing anteriorly) – this is ideal for birth
Other positions include occipito-posterior and occipito-transverse.

Note: Breech presentation is the most common malpresentation, and is covered in detail here .

Fig 1 – The two most common fetal presentations: cephalic and breech.

Risk Factors

The risk factors for abnormal fetal lie, malpresentation and malposition include:

Multiple pregnancy
Uterine abnormalities (e.g fibroids, partial septate uterus)
Fetal abnormalities
Placenta praevia
Primiparity

Identifying Fetal Lie, Presentation and Position

The fetal lie and presentation can usually be identified via abdominal examination. The fetal position is ascertained by vaginal examination.

For more information on the obstetric examination, see here .

Face the patient’s head
Place your hands on either side of the uterus and gently apply pressure; one side will feel fuller and firmer – this is the back, and fetal limbs may feel ‘knobbly’ on the opposite side

Presentation

Palpate the lower uterus (above the symphysis pubis) with the fingers of both hands; the head feels hard and round (cephalic) and the bottom feels soft and triangular (breech)
You may be able to gently push the fetal head from side to side

The fetal lie and presentation may not be possible to identify if the mother has a high BMI, if she has not emptied her bladder, if the fetus is small or if there is polyhydramnios .

During labour, vaginal examination is used to assess the position of the fetal head (in a cephalic vertex presentation). The landmarks of the fetal head, including the anterior and posterior fontanelles, indicate the position.

Fig 2 – Assessing fetal lie and presentation.

Investigations

Any suspected abnormal fetal lie or malpresentation should be confirmed by an ultrasound scan . This could also demonstrate predisposing uterine or fetal abnormalities.

Abnormal Fetal Lie

If the fetal lie is abnormal, an external cephalic version (ECV) can be attempted – ideally between 36 and 38 weeks gestation.

ECV is the manipulation of the fetus to a cephalic presentation through the maternal abdomen.

It has an approximate success rate of 50% in primiparous women and 60% in multiparous women. Only 8% of breech presentations will spontaneously revert to cephalic in primiparous women over 36 weeks gestation.

Complications of ECV are rare but include fetal distress , premature rupture of membranes, antepartum haemorrhage (APH) and placental abruption. The risk of an emergency caesarean section (C-section) within 24 hours is around 1 in 200.

ECV is contraindicated in women with a recent APH, ruptured membranes, uterine abnormalities or a previous C-section .

Fig 3 – External cephalic version.

Malpresentation

The management of malpresentation is dependent on the presentation.

Breech – attempt ECV before labour, vaginal breech delivery or C-section
Brow – a C-section is necessary
If the chin is anterior (mento-anterior) a normal labour is possible; however, it is likely to be prolonged and there is an increased risk of a C-section being required
If the chin is posterior (mento-posterior) then a C-section is necessary
Shoulder – a C-section is necessary

Malposition

90% of malpositions spontaneously rotate to occipito-anterior as labour progresses. If the fetal head does not rotate, rotation and operative vaginal delivery can be attempted. Alternatively a C-section can be performed.

Usually the fetal head engages in the occipito-anterior position (the fetal occiput facing anteriorly) - this is ideal for birth

If the fetal lie is abnormal, an external cephalic version (ECV) can be attempted - ideally between 36 and 38 weeks gestation.

Breech - attempt ECV before labour, vaginal breech delivery or C-section

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Chapter 26: Transverse Lie

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General considerations, diagnosis of position: transverse lie.

MECHANISM OF LABOR: TRANSVERSE LIE
PROGNOSIS: TRANSVERSE LIE
MANAGEMENT OF TRANSVERSE LIE
Full Chapter
Supplementary Content

When the long axes of mother and fetus are at right angles to one another, a transverse lie is present. Because the shoulder is placed so frequently in the brim of the inlet, this malposition is often referred to as the shoulder presentation. The baby may lie directly across the maternal abdomen ( Fig. 26-1 ) or may lie obliquely with the head or breech in the iliac fossa ( Figs. 26-2A and B ). Usually the breech is at a higher level than the head. The denominator is the scapula (Sc); the situation of the head determines whether the position is left or right, and that of the back indicates whether it is anterior or posterior. Thus, LScP means that the lie is transverse, the head is on the mother's left side, and the baby's back is posterior. The part that actually lies over the pelvic brim may be the shoulder, back, abdomen, ribs, or flank. This is a serious malposition whose management must not be left to nature.

FIGURE 26-1.

Transverse lie: LScP.

FIGURE 26-2.

Oblique lie.

The incidence of transverse lie is around 1:500. The incidence is higher before term (as high as 1 in 50 at 32 weeks' gestation).

This abnormality is more common in multiparas than primigravidas because of the laxness of the uterine and abdominal muscles. Similar condition in which there is relatively excess space for the fetus are polyhydramnios and prematurity. Other causes include anything that prevents engagement of the head or the breech, such as placenta previa; an obstructing neoplasm; multiple pregnancies; fetal anomalies; fetopelvic disproportion; contracted pelvis; and uterine abnormalities such as uterus subseptus, uterus arcuatus, and uterus bicornis. In many instances, no etiologic factor can be determined, and we assume that the malposition is accidental. The head happens to be out of the lower uterine segment when labor starts, and the shoulder is pushed into the pelvic brim.

Abdominal Examination

The appearance of the abdomen is asymmetrical

The long axis of the fetus is across the mother's abdomen

The uterine fundus is lower than expected for the period of gestation. It has been described as a squat uterus. Its upper limit is near the umbilicus, and it is wider than usual

Palpation of the upper and lower poles of the uterus reveals neither the head nor the breech

The head can be felt in one maternal flank. The buttocks are on the other side

Fetal Heart

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What Is a Transverse Baby Position?

Why It Happens, How to Turn Your Baby, and Tips for a Safe Delivery

Causes and Risk Factors

Turning the fetus, complications, frequently asked questions.

A transverse baby position, also called transverse fetal lie, is when the fetus is sideways—at a 90-degree angle to your spine—instead of head up or head down. This development means that a vaginal delivery poses major risks to both you and the fetus.

Sometimes, a transverse fetus will turn itself into the head-down position before you go into labor. Other times, a healthcare provider may be able to turn the position.

If a transverse fetus can't be turned to the right position before birth, you're likely to have a cesarean section (C-section).

This article looks at causes and risk factors for a transverse baby position. It also covers how it's diagnosed and treated, the possible complications, and how you can plan ahead for delivery.

Marko Geber / Getty Images

How Common Is Transverse Baby Position?

An estimated 2% to 13% of babies are in an unfavorable position at delivery —meaning they're not in the head-down position .

Certain physiological issues can lead to a transverse fetal lie. These include:

A bicornuate uterus : The uterus has a deep V in the top that separates the uterus into two sides; it may only be able to hold a near-term fetus sideways.
Oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios : Abnormally low or high amniotic fluid volume (respectively).

Several risk factors can make it more likely for the fetus to be in a transverse lie, such as:

The placenta being in an unusual position, such as blocking the opening to the cervix ( placenta previa ), which doesn't allow the fetus to reach the head-down position
Going into labor early, before the fetus has had a chance to get into the right position
Being pregnant with twins or other multiples, as the uterus is crowded and may not allow for much movement
An abnormal pelvic structure that limits fetal movement
Having a cyst or fibroid tumor blocking the cervix

Transverse fetal positioning is also more common after your first pregnancy.

It’s not uncommon for a fetus to be in a transverse position during the earlier stages of pregnancy. In most cases, though, they shift on their own well before labor begins. The transverse fetal position doesn't cause any signs or symptoms.

Healthcare professionals diagnose a transverse lie through an examination called Leopold’s Maneuvers. That involves feeling your abdomen to determine the fetal position. It's usually confirmed by an ultrasound.

You may also discover a transverse fetal lie during a routine ultrasound.

Timing of Transverse Position Diagnosis

The ultrasound done at your 36-week checkup lets your healthcare provider see the fetal position as you get closer to labor and delivery. If it's still a transverse lie at that time, your medical team will look at options for the safest labor and delivery.

Approximately 97% of deliveries involve a fetus positioned with the head down, in the best position to slide out. That makes a vaginal delivery easier and safer.

A transverse position only happens in about 1% of deliveries. In that position, the shoulder, arm, or trunk of the fetus may present first. This isn't a good scenario for either of you because a vaginal delivery is nearly impossible.

In these cases, you have two options:

Turning the fetal position
Having a C-section

If the fetus is in a transverse lie late in pregnancy, you or your healthcare provider may be able to change the position. Turning into the proper head-down position may help you avoid a C-section.

Medical Options

A healthcare provider can use one of the following techniques to attempt re-positioning a fetus:

External cephalic version (ECV) : This procedure typically is performed at or after 36 weeks of pregnancy; involves using pressure on your abdomen where the fetal head and buttocks are.
Webster technique : This is a chiropractic method in which a healthcare professional moves your hips to allow your uterus to relax and make more room for the fetus to move itself. (Note: No evidence supports this method.)

A 2020 study reported a 100% success rate for trained practitioners who used turning to change a transverse fetal lie. Real-world success rates are closer to 60%.

At-Home Options

You may be able to encourage a move out of the transverse position at home. You can try:

Getting on your hands and knees and gently rocking back and forth
Lying on your back with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor, then pushing your hips up in the air (bridge pose)
Talking or playing music to stimulate the fetus to become more active
Applying some cold to your abdomen where the fetal head is, which may make them want to move away from it

These methods may or may not work for you. While there's anecdotal evidence that they sometimes work, they haven't been researched.

Talk to your healthcare provider before attempting any of these techniques to ensure you're not doing anything unsafe.

Can Babies Go Back to Transverse After Being Turned?

Even if the fetus does change position or is successfully moved, it is possible that it could return to a transverse position prior to delivery.

Whether your child is born via C-section or is successfully moved so you can have a vaginal delivery, potential complications remain.

Cesarean Sections

C-sections are extremely common and are generally safe for both you and the fetus. Still, some inherent risks are associated with the procedure, as there are with any surgery.

The transverse position can force the surgeon to make a different type of incision, as the fetal lie may be right where they'd usually cut. Possible C-section complications for you can include:

Increased bleeding
Bladder or bowel injury
Reactions to medicines
Blood clots
Death (very rare)

In rare cases, a C-section can result in potential complications for the baby , including:

Breathing problems, if fluid needs to be cleared from their lungs

Most C-sections are safe and result in a healthy baby and parent. In some situations, a surgical delivery is the safest option available.

Vaginal Delivery

If the fetus is successfully moved out of the transverse lie position, you'll likely be able to deliver it vaginally. However, a few complications are possible even after the fetus has been moved:

Labor typically takes longer.
Your baby’s face may be swollen and appear bruised for a few days.
The umbilical cord may be compressed, potentially causing distress and leading to a C-section.

Studies suggest that ECV is safe, effective, and may help lower the C-section rate.

Planning Ahead

As with any birth, if you experience a transverse fetal position, you should work with your healthcare provider to develop a delivery plan. If the transverse position has been maintained throughout the pregnancy, the medical team will evaluate the position at about 36 weeks and make plans accordingly.

Remember that even if the fetal head is down late in pregnancy, things can change quickly during labor and delivery. That means it's worthwhile to discuss options for different types of delivery in case they become necessary.

A transverse baby position, or transverse fetal lie, is the term for a fetus that's lying sideways in the uterus. Vaginal delivery usually isn't possible in these cases.

If the fetus is in this position near the time of delivery, the options are to turn it to make vaginal delivery possible or to have a C-section. A trained healthcare provider can use turning techniques. You may also be able to get the fetus to turn at home with some simple techniques.

Both C-section and vaginal delivery pose a risk of certain complications. However, these problems are rare and the vast majority of deliveries end with a healthy baby and parent.

A Word From Verywell

Pregnancy comes with many unknowns, and the surprises can continue up through labor and delivery.

Talking to your healthcare provider early on about possible scenarios can give you time to think about possible outcomes. This helps to avoid a situation where you’re considering risks and benefits during labor when quick decisions need to be made.

Ideally, a baby should be in the cephalic position (head down) at 32 weeks. If not, a doctor will examine the fetal position at around the 36-week mark and determine what should happen next to ensure a smooth delivery. Whether this involves a cesarian section will depend on the specific case.

Less than 1% of babies are born in the transverse position. In many cases, a doctor might recommend a cesarian delivery to ensure a more safe delivery. The risk of giving birth in the transverse lie position is greater before a due date or if twins or triplets are also born.

A planned cesarian section , or C-section, is typically performed in the 39th week of gestation. This is done so the fetus is given enough time to grow and develop so that it is healthy.

In some cases, a doctor may perform an external cephalic version (ECV) to change a transverse fetal lie. This involves the doctor using their hands to apply firm pressure to the abdomen so the fetus is moved into the cephalic (head-down) position.

Most attempts of ECV are successful, but there is a chance the fetus can move back to its previous position; in these cases, a doctor can attempt ECV again.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. If your baby is breech .

Tempest N, Lane S, Hapangama D. Babies in occiput posterior position are significantly more likely to require an emergency cesarean birth compared with babies in occiput transverse position in the second stage of labor: a prospective observational study . Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand . 2020;99(4):537-545. doi:10.1111/aogs.13765

National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus. Congenital uterine anomalies .

Figueroa L, McClure EM, Swanson J, et al. Oligohydramnios: a prospective study of fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes in low-middle income countries . Reprod Health. 2020;17 (article 19). doi:10.1186/s12978-020-0854-y

National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus. Placenta previa .

National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus. Your baby in the birth canal .

Van der Kaay DC, Horsch S, Duvekot JJ. Severe neonatal complication of transverse lie after preterm premature rupture of membranes . BMJ Case Rep . 2013;bcr2012008399. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-008399

Oyinloye OI, Okoyomo AA. Longitudinal evaluation of foetal transverse lie using ultrasonography . Afr J Reprod Health ; 14(1):129-133.

Nishikawa M, Sakakibara H. Effect of nursing intervention program using abdominal palpation of Leopold’s maneuvers on maternal-fetal attachment . Reprod Health 2013;10 (article 12). doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-10-12

National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus. Delivery presentations .

Dalvi SA. Difficult deliveries in Cesarean section . J Obstet Gynaecol India . 2018;68(5):344-348. doi:10.1007/s13224-017-1052-x

Zhi Z, Xi L. Clinical analysis of 40 cases of external cephalic version without anesthesia . J Int Med Res . 2021;49(1):300060520986699. doi:10.1177/0300060520986699

National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus. Questions to ask your doctor about labor and delivery .

Nemours KidsHealth. Cesarean sections .

By Elizabeth Yuko, PhD Yuko has a doctorate in bioethics and medical ethics and is a freelance journalist based in New York.

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Malpresentations and malpositions

Peer reviewed by Dr Laurence Knott Last updated by Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGP Last updated 22 Jun 2021

Meets Patient’s editorial guidelines

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Professional Reference articles are designed for health professionals to use. They are written by UK doctors and based on research evidence, UK and European Guidelines. You may find one of our health articles more useful.

Usually the fetal head engages in the occipito-anterior position (more often left occipito-anterior (LOA) rather than right) and then undergoes a short rotation to be directly occipito-anterior in the mid-cavity. Malpositions are abnormal positions of the vertex of the fetal head relative to the maternal pelvis. Malpresentations are all presentations of the fetus other than vertex.

Obstetrics - the pelvis and head

Continue reading below

Predisposing factors to malpresentation include:

Prematurity.

Multiple pregnancy.

Abnormalities of the uterus - eg, fibroids.

Partial septate uterus.

Abnormal fetus.

Placenta praevia.

Primiparity.

Breech presentation

See the separate Breech Presentations article for more detailed discussion.

Breech presentation is the most common malpresentation, with the majority discovered before labour. Breech presentation is much more common in premature labour.

Approximately one third are diagnosed during labour when the fetus can be directly palpated through the cervix.

After 37 weeks, external cephalic version can be attempted whereby an attempt is made to turn the baby manually by manipulating the pregnant mother's abdomen. This reduces the risk of non-cephalic delivery 1 .

Maternal postural techniques have also been tried but there is insufficient evidence to support these 2 .

Many women who have a breech presentation can deliver vaginally. Factors which make this less likely to be successful include 3 :

Hyperextended neck on ultrasound.

High estimated fetal weight (more than 3.8 kg).

Low estimated weight (less than tenth centile).

Footling presentation.

Evidence of antenatal fetal compromise.

Transverse lie 4

When the fetus is positioned with the head on one side of the pelvis and the buttocks in the other (transverse lie), vaginal delivery is impossible.

This requires caesarean section unless it converts or is converted late in pregnancy. The surgeon may be able to rotate the fetus through the wall of the uterus once the abdominal wall has been opened. Otherwise, a transverse uterine incision is needed to gain access to a fetal pole.

Internal podalic version is no longer attempted.

Transverse lie is associated with a risk of cord prolapse of up to 20%.

Occipito-posterior position

This is the most common malposition where the head initially engages normally but then the occiput rotates posteriorly rather than anteriorly. 5.2% of deliveries are persistent occipito-posterior 5 .

The occipito-posterior position results from a poorly flexed vertex. The anterior fontanelle (four radiating sutures) is felt anteriorly. The posterior fontanelle (three radiating sutures) may also be palpable posteriorly.

It may occur because of a flat sacrum, poorly flexed head or weak uterine contractions which may not push the head down into the pelvis with sufficient strength to produce correct rotation.

As occipito-posterior-position pregnancies often result in a long labour, close maternal and fetal monitoring are required. An epidural is often recommended and it is essential that adequate fluids be given to the mother.

The mother may get the urge to push before full dilatation but this must be discouraged. If the head comes into a face-to-pubis position then vaginal delivery is possible as long as there is a reasonable pelvic size. Otherwise, forceps or caesarean section may be required.

Occipito-transverse position

The head initially engages correctly but fails to rotate and remains in a transverse position.

Alternatives for delivery include manual rotation of fetal head using Kielland's forceps, or delivery using vacuum extraction. This is inappropriate if there is any fetal acidosis because of the risk of cerebral haemorrhage.

Therefore, there must be provision for a failure of forceps delivery to be changed immediately to a caesarean. The trial of forceps is therefore often performed in theatre. Some centres prefer to manage by caesarean section without trial of forceps.

Face presentations

Face presents for delivery if there is complete extension of the fetal head.

Face presentation occurs in 1 in 1,000 deliveries 5 .

With adequate pelvic size, and rotation of the head to the mento-anterior position, vaginal delivery should be achieved after a long labour.

Backwards rotation of the head to a mento-posterior position requires a caesarean section.

Brow positions

The fetal head stays between full extension and full flexion so that the biggest diameter (the mento-vertex) presents.

Brow presentation occurs in 0.14% of deliveries 5 .

Brow presentation is usually only diagnosed once labour is well established.

The anterior fontanelle and super orbital ridges are palpable on vaginal examination.

Unless the head flexes, a vaginal delivery is not possible, and a caesarean section is required.

Article History

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Next review due: 21 Jun 2026

22 jun 2021 | latest version.

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Determining Normal Fetal Situs (Situs Solitus)

One of the first steps in obtaining cardiac views is to determine how the fetus is oriented within the uterus and to determine the right and left side of the abdominal contents versus the right and left side of the heart and thoracic contents. This is not as easy as it might seem since the fetal left side can be on the maternal right and the opposite can be true.

In summary, situs refers to the right and left orientation of fetal organs. For example situs solitus is the normal left to right axis arrangement in the fetus with the stomach and spleen on the left side of the body, and the liver and gallbladder on the right side.

Visual Summary of Normal Fetal Situs

Below are steps required to determine situs related to cephalic or breech presentation, and whether the spine or back is up (anterior) or down (posterior).

1. Determine the lie of the fetus:

A. Is the fetus head first with the head in front of the ultrasound screen? This could also be termed cephalic or vertex presentation. B. Is the fetal feet or bottom first with the head behind the screen? This could also be termed footling or breech presentation. C. Determine whether the spine or back is anterior (back up) or posterior (back down).

2. Obtain a transverse cut of the thorax to demonstrate a 4-chamber view. The left atrium is nearest the spine and the cardiac axis points to the left.

Detailed Method to Determine Fetal Situs

1. Define within the uterus the presentation of the fetus (generally vertex or breech; less often the presentation is oblique or transverse.).

2. Determine whether the fetal spine is parallel or transverse to the maternal spine. In sagittal view, if the fetal and maternal spine are parallel, the fetus is in longitudinal lie. When the fetal spine is perpendicular to the maternal spine, the fetus is in a transverse lie.

3. Determine the position of the fetal left side. The fetal left side will be as follows: A. With respect to the maternal abdomen, the fetal left side is anterior and near to the ultrasound transducer. B. With respect to the posterior uterine wall, the fetal left side is posterior and farthest from the transducer. C. With respect to the right uterine wall, the fetal left side will be on the maternal right. D. With respect to the left uterine wall, the fetal left side will be on the maternal left.

4. Obtain a transverse view of the abdomen and define the fetal stomach which is positioned in the left side of the fetal abdomen.

5. Obtain a 4-chamber view of the heart by obtaining a transverse view of the thorax. The left atrium and descending aorta are nearest to the spine and the cardiac axis points to the left.

6. Finally, ascertain if the stomach and heart are in their correct respective locations, i.e., the stomach is on the left side and the cardiac axis points to the left.

7. Place a transverse image of the fetal abdomen and heart side by side and validate that the left side of the fetal abdomen (stomach near to the spine) is concordant with the left side of the fetal heart (left atrium and descending aorta near to the spine). This is done by displaying a side by side comparison of a transverse view through the fetal stomach and a 4-chamber cardiac view.

Above. Normal ultrasound orientation for situs solitus.

Right Hand Rule of Thumb: Introduction

In their article “Sonographic definition of the fetal situs,” Bronshtein, Gover, and Zimmer [ 1 ] describe a “right hand rule of thumb” to define fetal situs during transabdominal scanning, and a “left hand rule of thumb” for transvaginal scanning.

Right Hand Rule of Thumb: Cephalic, supine, back down

Left. The sonographer’s right hand represents the fetus with the thumb pointing to the fetal left. The palm of the hand is anterior, or represents the ventral or face surface of the fetus. The fetus is therefore face up, back down, and the thumb points to the fetal left.

Right. Again, the imaginary fetus is back down with the stomach and cardiac axis pointing to the left. (Ignore color scheme of fetal heart and vessels.)

Right Hand Rule of Thumb: Cephalic, prone, back up

Left. The sonographer’s right hand represents the fetus with the thumb pointing to the fetal left. The top of the hand (dorsal surface or prone position) represents back up.

Right. The imaginary fetus is back up with the stomach and cardiac axis pointing to the fetal left.

Right Hand Rule of Thumb: Breech, supine, back down

Left. The sonographer’s right hand represents the fetus with the thumb pointing to the fetal left. The palm of the sonographer’s hand is anterior, or represents the ventral surface of the fetus. The fetus is therefore face up, back down, and the thumb points to the fetal left.

Right . The imaginary fetus is back down with the stomach and cardiac axis pointing to the left. (Ignore color scheme of fetal heart and vessels).

Right Hand Rule of Thumb: Breech, prone, back up

Right . The imaginary fetus is back up with the stomach and cardiac axis pointing to the fetal left side.

Normal CNS Anatomy
Fetal Situs
Normal Fetal Ultrasound Biometry

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Labour and Delivery pp 107–114 Cite as

Transverse Lie

Jayashree V. Kanavi 2 &
Rajshree Katke 3
First Online: 02 August 2023

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When the long axis of the fetus is perpendicular to that of the mother, then the baby is said to be in transverse lie. This position is also called as shoulder presentation, as the shoulder is positioned over the pelvic inlet. However, other fetal parts may also be present like arm, chest, abdomen, or even back. This is a serious malposition whose management must not be left to nature. We can wait for spontaneous version till 38 weeks of pregnancy.

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Gary CF. Williams obstetrics. 25th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Education; 2018.

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Kanavi, J.V., Katke, R. (2023). Transverse Lie. In: Garg, R. (eds) Labour and Delivery. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6145-8_7

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Translation of lie – English–Tamil dictionary

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lie verb ( POSITION )

It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air .
He was lying under the table in a drunken stupor.
The ship has been lying on the seabed for more than 50 years .
My dog loves lying on the rug in front of the fire .
The town lies halfway between Rome and Florence.

lie verb ( SPEAK FALSELY )

If you're both going to lie, at least stick to the same story and don't contradict each other!
He studied the men's faces carefully , trying to work out who was lying.
Are you accusing me of lying?
The prime minister reacted angrily to claims that he had lied to the House of Commons.
He's never lied to me before, so I have no reason to doubt his word.

Phrasal verb

It's embarrassing to be caught telling a lie.
I wasn't entirely honest with him, I admit , but I didn't actually tell him any lies.
The story was nothing but lies.
Under cross-examination, the witness admitted her evidence had been mostly lies.
It's difficult to disentangle hard fact from myth , or truth from lies.

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balancing act

a difficult situation in which someone has to try to give equal amounts of importance, time, attention, etc. to two or more different things at the same time

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English Tamil Dictionary | இங்கிலீஷ் தமிழ் நிகண்டு

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transverse - Meaning in Tamil

Adjective .

குறுக்காகவுள்ள
குறுக்குவாட்ட

transverse Word Forms & Inflections

Definitions and meaning of transverse in english, transverse adjective.

cross , cross , thwartwise , transversal

"cross members should be all steel"
"from the transverse hall the stairway ascends gracefully"
"transversal vibrations"
"transverse colon"

Synonyms of transverse

cross , thwartwise , transversal

More matches for transverse

What is another word for transverse ?

Sentences with the word transverse

Words that rhyme with transverse

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What is transverse meaning in tamil.

Other languages: transverse meaning in Hindi

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What is transverse meaning in Tamil, transverse translation in Tamil, transverse definition, pronunciations and examples of transverse in Tamil.

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Translation of "transversal" into Tamil

ஊடு வெட்டுக்கோடு, ஊடுவெட்டுக் கோடு, ஊடுவெட்டுக் கோடு, குறுக்கோடி are the top translations of "transversal" into Tamil. Sample translated sentence: "He considered this to be more than just a coincidence, and commented ""We can scarcely avoid the conclusion that light consists in the transverse undulations of the same medium which is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena.""" ↔ "இது ஒரு தற்செயலான நிகழ்வு அல்ல என்ற கருத்தை தெரிவிக்கிறார்: ""ஒளி ஊடகத்தின் குறுக்குவெட்டுத்தன்மையில் வெளிச்சம் கொண்டது என்ற முடிவை தவிர்க்க முடியாது என்றும் மேலும் மின் மற்றும் காந்த நிகழ்வுகளுக்கும் அதுவே காரணமாக உள்ளது என்றும் கூறலாம் என்றார்."

Running or lying across; transverse; as, a transversal line. [..]

English-Tamil dictionary

ஊடு வெட்டுக்கோடு, ஊடுவெட்டுக் கோடு, ஊடுவெட்டுக் கோடு, குறுக்கோடி.

Less frequent translations

குறுக்கு வெட்டி
குறுக்குக்கோடு
குறுக்குவெட்டி

Show algorithmically generated translations

Automatic translations of " transversal " into Tamil

Phrases similar to "transversal" with translations into tamil.

transverse muscle குறுக்குத் தசை
transverse vibrations
transverse frequency குறுக்கதிர்வெண்
transverse meridian குறுக்கீட்டு உச்சிவட்டவரை
transverse lie குறுக்கு கிடப்பு
transverse bar குறுக்கு மணல்திட்டு
transverse cut குறுக்கு வெட்டு · குறுக்குவெட்டு
transverse pole குறுக்கீட்டு முனைக்கோடி. · குறுக்கு முனை

Translations of "transversal" into Tamil in sentences, translation memory

IMAGES

Baby positions for Normal delivery in tamil |Anterior, Posterior
Transverse lie baby position
Transverse lie and shoulder presentation
What happens when my baby is in transverse lie?
PPT
PPT

VIDEO

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Signs of Transverse Lie at Term
Two Truths & A Lie Bittner, Bryan
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transverse lie||movement 8 months
Asmaa Two Truths and a Lie Presentation

COMMENTS

Transverse fetal lie
Transverse lie refers to a fetal presentation in which the fetal longitudinal axis lies perpendicular to the long axis of the uterus. It can occur in either of two configurations: The curvature of the fetal spine is oriented downward (also called "back down" or dorsoinferior), and the fetal shoulder presents at the cervix ( figure 1 ).
Fetal presentation: Breech, posterior, transverse lie, and more
In the frank breech presentation, both the baby's legs are extended so that the feet are up near the face. This is the most common type of breech presentation. Breech babies are difficult to deliver vaginally, so most arrive by c-section. ... In a transverse lie, the baby is lying horizontally in your uterus and may be facing up toward your ...
Transverse lie
4. DEFINITION • When the long axis of the fetus lies perpendicular to the maternal spine or centralized uterine axis, it is called transverse lie. 5. 6. POSITION Dorso- anterior commonest (60%). The flexor surface of the fetus is better adapted to the convexity of the maternal spine. Dorso- posterior Extensor surface of the fetus is better ...
Fetal Presentation, Position, and Lie (Including Breech Presentation
Fetal lie: Relation of the fetus to the long axis of the uterus; longitudinal, oblique, or transverse. Normal fetal lie is longitudinal, normal presentation is vertex, and occiput anterior is the most common position. Abnormal fetal lie, presentation, or position may occur with. Fetopelvic disproportion (fetus too large for the pelvic inlet ...
7.6 Transverse lie and shoulder presentation
7.6.1 Diagnosis. The uterus is very wide: the transverse axis is virtually equivalent to the longitudinal axis; fundal height is less than 30 cm near term. On examination: head in one side, breech in the other (Figures 7.1a and 7.1b). Vaginal examination reveals a nearly empty true pelvis or a shoulder with—sometimes—an arm prolapsing from ...
Fetal Presentation, Position, and Lie (Including Breech Presentation
During routine prenatal care, clinicians assess fetal lie and presentation with physical examination in the late third trimester. Ultrasonography can also be done. If breech presentation is detected, external cephalic version can sometimes move the fetus to vertex presentation before labor, usually at 37 or 38 weeks.
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Fetal presentation before birth
Frank breech. When a baby's feet or buttocks are in place to come out first during birth, it's called a breech presentation. This happens in about 3% to 4% of babies close to the time of birth. The baby shown below is in a frank breech presentation. That's when the knees aren't bent, and the feet are close to the baby's head.
Abnormal Fetal lie, Malpresentation and Malposition
Lie - the relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the mother. Presentation - the fetal part that first enters the maternal pelvis. Position - the position of the fetal head as it exits the birth canal. Other positions include occipito-posterior and occipito-transverse. Note: Breech presentation is the most common ...
Transverse Lie
When the long axes of mother and fetus are at right angles to one another, a transverse lie is present. Because the shoulder is placed so frequently in the brim of the inlet, this malposition is often referred to as the shoulder presentation. The baby may lie directly across the maternal abdomen ( Fig. 26-1) or may lie obliquely with the head ...
Abnormal Fetal Lie and Presentation
Fetal lie refers to the relationship between the long axis of the fetus with respect to the long axis of the mother. The possibilities include a longitudinal lie, a transverse lie, and, on occasion, an oblique lie. Fetal presentation is a reference to the part of the fetus that is overlying the maternal pelvic inlet.
Transverse Baby Position: Causes and Safe Delivery
A transverse baby position, also called transverse fetal lie, is when the fetus is sideways—at a 90-degree angle to your spine—instead of head up or head down. This development means that a vaginal delivery poses major risks to both you and the fetus. Sometimes, a transverse fetus will turn itself into the head-down position before you go ...
Abnormal Presentation
Transverse Lie If the fetus remains in a transverse lie, it cannot deliver deliver vaginally as the diameter of the fetal presenting part (the whole body, in this case) cannot descend through the birth canal. If labor is allowed to continue for enough time with the fetus in transverse lie, the uterus will rupture.
Malpresentations and Malpositions Information
Footling presentation. Evidence of antenatal fetal compromise. Transverse lie 4. When the fetus is positioned with the head on one side of the pelvis and the buttocks in the other (transverse lie), vaginal delivery is impossible. This requires caesarean section unless it converts or is converted late in pregnancy.
Fetal Situs
4. Obtain a transverse view of the abdomen and define the fetal stomach which is positioned in the left side of the fetal abdomen. 5. Obtain a 4-chamber view of the heart by obtaining a transverse view of the thorax. The left atrium and descending aorta are nearest to the spine and the cardiac axis points to the left. 6.
MSD Manual Professional Edition
Fetal lie: Relation of the fetus to the long axis of the uterus; longitudinal, oblique, or transverse. Normal fetal lie is longitudinal, normal presentation is vertex, and occiput anterior is the most common position. Abnormal fetal lie, presentation, or position may occur with. Fetopelvic disproportion (fetus too large for the pelvic inlet ...
What is a Transverse Baby?
By Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. Reviewed by Yolanda Smith, B.Pharm. In the final weeks of pregnancy, babies often settle down in a head down position. However, in rare cases, the baby can be seen ...
Transverse Lie
When long axis fetus and the uterus are approximately at right angles, it is called transverse lie. Incidence is 1:500 at term and more at lesser gestational age. Can be diagnosed by physical examination and confirmed by ultrasonogram. There is no mechanism of labor. Cesarean delivery is the best mode of delivery.
transverse in Tamil
Check 'transverse' translations into Tamil. Look through examples of transverse translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. ... transverse lie. குறுக்கு கிடப்பு ... from the root meaning ""to scrape together"", ""heap up"") is a broom for outside use. a horticultural implement consisting of ...
LIE
LIE translate: இருக்க வேண்டும் அல்லது ஒரு மேற்பரப்பில் கிடைமட்ட ...
transverse
transverse adjective. extending or lying across; in a crosswise direction; at right angles to the long axis. Synonyms. cross, cross, thwartwise, transversal. Examples. "cross members should be all steel". "from the transverse hall the stairway ascends gracefully". "transversal vibrations".
transversal in Tamil
Check 'transversal' translations into Tamil. Look through examples of transversal translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. ... transverse lie. குறுக்கு கிடப்பு ... from the root meaning ""to scrape together"", ""heap up"") is a broom for outside use. a horticultural implement consisting ...

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RELATED TOPICS

Breech, posterior, transverse lie: What position is my baby in?

Fetal presentation and position

Head down, facing down (anterior position)

Head down, facing up (posterior position)

Frank breech

Complete breech

Incomplete breech

Single footling breech

Double footling breech

Transverse lie

Oblique lie

What to know if your baby is breech

What's a sunny-side up baby?

What happens to your baby right after birth

How your twins’ fetal positions affect labor and delivery

Where to go next

Fetal Presentation, Position, and Lie (Including Breech Presentation)

Transverse lie

Breech presentation

Types of breech presentations

Face or brow presentation

Occiput posterior position

Position and Presentation of the Fetus

7.6 Transverse lie and shoulder presentation

7.6.1 Diagnosis

7.6.2 Possible causes

Twin pregnancy

7.6.3 Management

At the end of pregnancy

During labour, in a CEmONC facility

Foetus alive and membranes ruptured

Foetus dead

During labour, in remote settings where surgery is not available

Fetal Presentation, Position, and Lie (Including Breech Presentation)

Transverse lie

Breech presentation

Types of breech presentations

Face or brow presentation

Occiput posterior position

Position and Presentation of the Fetus

Voice speed

Website translation

Image translation

Appointments at Mayo Clinic

Head down, face down

Head down, face up

Frank breech

Complete and incomplete breech

Products and Services

Mayo Clinic Press

Make twice the impact

Abnormal Fetal lie, Malpresentation and Malposition

Definitions

Risk Factors

Identifying Fetal Lie, Presentation and Position

Presentation

Investigations

Abnormal Fetal Lie

Malpresentation

Malposition

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Chapter 26: Transverse Lie

Jump to a Section

FIGURE 26-1.

FIGURE 26-2.

Abdominal Examination

Fetal Heart

What Is a Transverse Baby Position?

Causes and Risk Factors

How Common Is Transverse Baby Position?

Timing of Transverse Position Diagnosis

Medical Options

At-Home Options

Can Babies Go Back to Transverse After Being Turned?

Cesarean Sections

Vaginal Delivery

Planning Ahead