computer network presentation topics pdf

Computer Networks: A Systems Approach

(7 reviews)

Larry Peterson, Princeton University

Bruce Davie, VMWare

Copyright Year: 2019

Publisher: Larry Peterson and Bruce Davie

Language: English

Formats Available

Conditions of use.

Learn more about reviews.

Reviewed by Godmar Back, Associate Professor, Virginia Tech on 12/30/21

This book covers networks from a systems perspective, focusing on the design principles underlying the construction of large networks, their protocols and the applications they support. It provides a comprehensive coverage of the protocols and... read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 4 see less

This book covers networks from a systems perspective, focusing on the design principles underlying the construction of large networks, their protocols and the applications they support. It provides a comprehensive coverage of the protocols and technology in use today as well as a discussion of several historically relevant protocols and applications.

However, there are areas that could use more depth in my opinion, such as the IPv4/IPv6 transition, NAT, and modern web applications, to pick three.

Content Accuracy rating: 5

The information in the book is accurate from my perspective. It is also unbiased. The primary author has made multiple seminal contributions to the field of networking that, aside from their technical merit, contributed to consensus and community building.

Moreover, the book includes "perspectives" at the end of each chapter in which the authors discuss their view of recent developments. These perspectives nicely augment and complement the factual descriptions provided by the rest of the text.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 4

The 2019 update includes a discussion of several recent developments (such as QUIC, TCP/BBR, or blockchains).

Some discussion that provides only historical context could be shortened, especially regarding technologies that were never widely deployed (e.g., IP multicast).

Clarity rating: 5

The book is well written and easily accessible. It is targeted at undergraduates in a 3rd or 4th year networking course, but could be used in a 1st graduate level course as well.

The bottom-up approach that starts with the lower layers of the networking stack makes some forward references necessary, which is unavoidable. Overall, the textbook focuses on explaining problems and then outlining the fundamental ideas underlying their solutions - rather than restricting itself to a description of only the solutions themselves.

Consistency rating: 4

Overall, the book is well written and certainly internally consistent.

A possible point of improvement would be rethink the inclusion of fragment written in a C-like language - this evokes a level of detail with respect to using the book's description for an actual implementation that it doesn't otherwise have.

Modularity rating: 4

The book is modular, devoting chapters to the layers used in networking (link layer, network layer, transport layer, etc.) as well as devoting chapters to cross-cutting issues such as security, multimedia, data representation, and so on. The size of each chapter/section is about right for the level of detail provided. I would feel comfortable assigning it to students.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 5

The table of contents makes it clear where to read about which topic. Because of the nature of certain topics, some subjects could be covered at multiple levels (e.g. reliable data transmission is both a link layer and a transport layer issue, routing/forwarding occurs primarily at the network layer, but also for overlay networks or switched Ethernet.) The book strikes a good balance in sorting these topics and is certain to highlight connections and relationships.

Interface rating: 4

This book is created and maintained using the Sphinx toolchain and is available as HTML, PDF, and ePub format. I read the HTML version and examined the PDF version, which results in professional quality documents that are full-text searchable and easily navigable. The authors use illustrations frequently and to good effect.

Unfortunately, some of the URLs embedded were broken (e.g., https://blockstack.org/whitepaper.pdf)

Grammatical Errors rating: 5

Perhaps unsurprisingly, aside from the (infrequent) typo, I wasn't able to spot any mistakes.

Cultural Relevance rating: 5

The emergence of the Internet has had profound cultural impact, and this book tells its story.

The book comes with 5 (online) companion books that dive even deeper into some of the topics the book covers. It is also open for contributions by anybody, which could further improve its content and relevance in the future.

Reviewed by Cong Pu, Assistant Professor, Marshall University on 12/5/21

This book tries to use a systematic view to explain the computer network by focusing on several major components in the Internet, so several topics have to be grouped together. For example, "Internetworking" section, it covers switch, Ethernet,... read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 3 see less

This book tries to use a systematic view to explain the computer network by focusing on several major components in the Internet, so several topics have to be grouped together. For example, "Internetworking" section, it covers switch, Ethernet, IP, and outing. Actually, those topics are located in the different layers of Internet stack. Introducing all those topics which are spanned over several layers might confuse the students.

The good thing about this textbook is that there are sample codes available. The instructor can use the sample codes to explain the issue/problems of computer network, no need to write the program by themselves.

Content Accuracy rating: 4

The information and content in this textbook are relatively accurate. One thing is that this textbook did not contain many examples to explain certain topics. In that case, the instructor might need to customize the example based on the information and content of the textbook.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 3

All the topics in this textbook are definitely related to the computer networks. However, some interesting topics are not included. For example, wireless/mobile network, the layering of Internet stack, Internet of Things.

This textbook also include network security and cryptography. I am not sure whether it is the required topic for undergraduate computer network class.

Clarity rating: 4

The technical terms are properly explained in the textbook. For some major concepts, the use example is missing. Take the "Addresses" as an example, the textbook just explains the format of the address. However, it failed to explain how the different portion of address is used.

The presentation of textbook is consistent, and the content are well-written and easy to read.

The textbook groups the related topics into section, which is easier for reader to get familiar with all topics in one section. However, this design strategy also has a downside. Since different topic might be existing in the different layer of Internet stack, coving them in one section might be difficult.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 3

For the organization, this textbook has some places to improve. Some topics can be grouped in a more proper way.

Interface rating: 5

The content of textbook is easy to access, and navigate.

The textbook is well-written and easy to read.

The "cultural" is not relevant to this textbook.

I don't suggest the instructor adopts this textbook as a only textbook for computer network class. The reason is that this textbook does not include all required topics. Some other OER textbooks should be used along with this one.

Reviewed by Shahab Hussain, Adjunct Professor, North Shore Community College on 6/10/20

This book presents majority of the networking critical areas and explains latest hot topics in the industry. More pictures, charts and tables can make it more attractive for students. read more

This book presents majority of the networking critical areas and explains latest hot topics in the industry. More pictures, charts and tables can make it more attractive for students.

This book provides an unbiased approach with all possible ways and does not specifically attached to any industry networking equipment provider other than in few real life examples.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 5

The latest version of the book contains 5G and SDN topics as well as some details of cloud networking. Due to changing technologies the future updates will be required and authors agility is appreciable so far.

This book presents the material with clarity, details and relevant real examples as possible

Consistency rating: 5

Authors tried their best to be focused and deliver required information with good sequence and consistency.

Modularity rating: 5

Content of this book is very well organized in chapters.

Authors did excellent work by putting every critical area and topic in separate chapters making the flow transition smooth.

The book's interface is well written without navigation, distortion of images / charts, or other display failures. Visual display works well.

Grammatical Errors rating: 4

Could not find any grammatical errors during review of the book text.

No negative impact or relation on any culture or community.

I like this book’s title and material included. This book can be an excellent reference & textbook for network related courses. I will provide with any further comments and updates necessary when I use it in class.

Reviewed by Mya T. Bowen, Assistant Professor, Roxbury Community College on 5/29/20, updated 7/14/20

This book will be used to identify problems in the information technology industry. Every chapter presents a problem to be analyzed by students which is suitable for developing the critical thinking skills of students. read more

This book will be used to identify problems in the information technology industry. Every chapter presents a problem to be analyzed by students which is suitable for developing the critical thinking skills of students.

This book provides an unbiased presentation of relevant concepts and issues with the information technology industry.

This book has a copyright of 2019; based on the topics presented, the content is relevant to students considering or pursuing a career in information technology.

This book presents the material with clarity; any areas that may be unclear can be researched and expounded upon during class discussions.

This book presents consistent and relevant terminology in each chapter.

This book presents the material in page formats that are not overwhelming to the reader.

This book 's structure presents a well organized, logical, and clear flow of information regarding each topic.

The book's interface works well. I did not find any issues with navigating from page to page, or chapter to chapter.

This book did not present any grammatical errors that I identified while reading it.

The book did not present any culturally insensitive or offensive material.

I am going to use this book for my IT problem-solving course during the Fall 2020 semester; I am hoping to identify feedback from students to be added to this review in the future.

Reviewed by Yiheng Liang, Asst. Prof., Bridgewater State University on 5/27/20

Almost all important areas in computer networks are covered in this book. read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 5 see less

Almost all important areas in computer networks are covered in this book.

I have not checked every word and every piece of information from this book. But from what I had looked at, this book appears to be accurate and unbiased.

This book is about computer networks, of course. However, like all tech books, they will have to update with new content, e.g. SDN, 5G, ...

This depends on who will read the book. For me, I have no difficulty reading this book.

Did not see a major problem.

Modularity rating: 3

This book is a bit "heavy" for some students in computer science to follow in a single semester. It is a challenge for the instructors to pick up specific contents that will be suitable for a typical one-semester course.

I am not sure that putting the "applications" as the last chapter is a good approach. Additionally, some terms are addressed earlier in the book, but the concept is later introduced. For example, the term "Content Distribution Networks" is mentioned in previous chapters but it is only formally introduced in chapter 9.

The content of this book is not intended to distract or confuse the reader.

Did not observe any obvious grammatical error.

Like most tech books, this book is culturally neutral.

Lack of homework questions, lab questions, and programming assignments. This book will be better served as a reference book, not a textbook.

Reviewed by Pamela Jensen, Instructor, Minnesota State University System on 3/7/20

The bool appears to be comprehensive, but a little wordy. Perhaps say the same thing without repetition and stay focused on the subject. read more

The bool appears to be comprehensive, but a little wordy. Perhaps say the same thing without repetition and stay focused on the subject.

I did not find any errors

This is fairly fundamental networking, however it is a topic that changes rapidly, which is not the fault of the author

I understood it fairly easily, but this could be difficult depending on the audience and their ability and familiarity with the subject.

Nicely laid out.

The book is logically divided into subjects that could be used individually.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 4

I like how they started with the application layer of the OSI model that is the easiest to understand. I would stick with the OSI format throughout the course.

The interface is fairly straightforward. I personally like ebooks with links to appropriate videos, but then it would not be a "textbook".

I did not find any errors, however I am not an English instructor.

This is not a cultural subject.

I would consider using part of this book in my class

Reviewed by Jon Craton, Assistant Professor, Anderson University on 2/8/20

This book does an excellent job of covering all of the major topic areas in computer networking. It provides a good overview of networking and then dives into the details of the most important sections of the network stack. read more

This book does an excellent job of covering all of the major topic areas in computer networking. It provides a good overview of networking and then dives into the details of the most important sections of the network stack.

I found no inaccuracies of note in the content of the text.

This book covers historical networking topics well. It also highlights the primary tools used in modern networked mobile and web applications (HTTPS, REST, etc) and explains the forces that have caused much of the industry to settle on these tools. This book should remain relevant for years, especially if it continues to be regularly updated.

There's a lot of jargon in computer networking, but this book does a good job of recognizing this and carefully introducing new terms. It could perhaps benefit from an index of important terms and acronyms.

I found the book to be consistent throughout. I think that it could benefit from using a structure and set of chapter names the connect more tightly to established layers of the one of the common network stack models, or simply being more upfront in defining its own view into the network stack to provide readers more direction on where the text is headed and what content is found in each chapter.

The text is well structured to be divided into course topics.

The book begins with a high-level overview of networked application and then explores the network stack from the bottom up. This is the approach that several other texts use, and I find it to be a clear way to teach the content.

I had no problems viewing or navigating the text or figures.

The text appears to be well edited and largely free of grammatical errors.

I did not note any content in the text that I found to be inappropriate or offensive nor any content that I would expect is probable to offend others.

Overall, this is a helpful text that provides a good overview of the most important concepts in computer networking and could be easily applied for teaching and learning this topic.

Table of Contents

• Chapter 1: Foundation
• Chapter 2: Direct Connections
• Chapter 3: Internetworking
• Chapter 4: Advanced Internetworking
• Chapter 5: End-to-End Protocols
• Chapter 6: Congestion Control
• Chapter 7: End-to-End Data
• Chapter 8: Network Security
• Chapter 9: Applications

Ancillary Material

• Larry Peterson and Bruce Davie

About the Book

Suppose you want to build a computer network, one that has the potential to grow to global proportions and to support applications as diverse as teleconferencing, video on demand, electronic commerce, distributed computing, and digital libraries. What available technologies would serve as the underlying building blocks, and what kind of software architecture would you design to integrate these building blocks into an effective communication service? Answering this question is the overriding goal of this book—to describe the available building materials and then to show how they can be used to construct a network from the ground up.

About the Contributors

Larry Peterson is CTO at the Open Networking Foundation and the Robert E. Kahn Professor of Computer Science (Emeritus) at Princeton University

Bruce Davie is VP & CTO at VMWare for Asia Pacific and Japan

Contribute to this Page

• Engineering Mathematics
• Discrete Mathematics
• Operating System
• Computer Networks
• Digital Logic and Design
• C Programming
• Data Structures
• Theory of Computation
• Compiler Design
• Computer Org and Architecture

Computer Network Tutorial

Basics of computer network.

• Basics of Computer Networking
• Introduction to basic Networking Terminology
• Goals of Networks
• Basic characteristics of Computer Networks
• Challenges of Computer Network
• Physical Components of Computer Network

Network Hardware and Software

• Types of Computer Networks
• LAN Full Form
• How to Set Up a LAN Network?
• MAN Full Form in Computer Networking
• MAN Full Form
• WAN Full Form
• Introduction of Internetworking
• Difference between Internet, Intranet and Extranet
• Protocol Hierarchies in Computer Network
• Network Devices (Hub, Repeater, Bridge, Switch, Router, Gateways and Brouter)
• Introduction of a Router
• Introduction of Gateways
• What is a network switch, and how does it work?

Network Topology

• Types of Network Topology
• Difference between Physical and Logical Topology
• What is OSI Model? - Layers of OSI Model
• Physical Layer in OSI Model
• Data Link Layer
• Session Layer in OSI model
• Presentation Layer in OSI model
• Application Layer in OSI Model
• Protocol and Standard in Computer Networks
• Examples of Data Link Layer Protocols
• TCP/IP Model
• TCP/IP Ports and Its Applications
• What is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
• TCP 3-Way Handshake Process
• Services and Segment structure in TCP
• TCP Connection Establishment
• TCP Connection Termination
• Fast Recovery Technique For Loss Recovery in TCP
• Difference Between OSI Model and TCP/IP Model

Medium Access Control

• MAC Full Form
• Channel Allocation Problem in Computer Network
• Multiple Access Protocols in Computer Network
• Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
• Collision Detection in CSMA/CD
• Controlled Access Protocols in Computer Network

SLIDING WINDOW PROTOCOLS

• Stop and Wait ARQ
• Sliding Window Protocol | Set 3 (Selective Repeat)
• Piggybacking in Computer Networks

IP Addressing

• What is IPv4?
• What is IPv6?
• Introduction of Classful IP Addressing
• Classless Addressing in IP Addressing
• Classful Vs Classless Addressing
• Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)
• Supernetting in Network Layer
• Introduction To Subnetting
• Difference between Subnetting and Supernetting
• Types of Routing
• Difference between Static and Dynamic Routing
• Unicast Routing - Link State Routing
• Distance Vector Routing (DVR) Protocol
• Fixed and Flooding Routing algorithms
• Introduction of Firewall in Computer Network

Congestion Control Algorithms

• Congestion Control in Computer Networks
• Congestion Control techniques in Computer Networks
• Computer Network | Leaky bucket algorithm
• TCP Congestion Control

Network Switching

• Circuit Switching in Computer Network
• Message switching techniques
• Packet Switching and Delays in Computer Network
• Differences Between Virtual Circuits and Datagram Networks

Application Layer:DNS

• Domain Name System (DNS) in Application Layer
• Details on DNS
• Introduction to Electronic Mail
• E-Mail Format
• World Wide Web (WWW)
• HTTP Full Form
• Streaming Stored Video
• What is a Content Distribution Network and how does it work?

CN Interview Quetions

• Top 50 Networking Interview Questions (2024)
• Top 50 TCP/IP interview questions and answers
• Top 50 IP addressing interview questions and answers
• Last Minute Notes - Computer Networks
• Computer Network - Cheat Sheet
• Network Layer
• Transport Layer
• Application Layer

A computer network is a collection of computers or devices connected to share resources. Any device which can share or receive the data is called a Node. Through which the information or data propagate is known as channels, It can be guided or unguided.

In this Computer network tutorial, you’ll learn basic to advanced concepts like the Basics of computer networks, data link layer, network layer, network security and cryptography, compression techniques, etc.

Recent Articles on Computer Networks

• Network Security and Cryptography
• Compression Techniques
• Network Experiments
• Line Configuration in Computer Networks
• Transmission Modes in Computer Networks
• Types of Transmission Media
• Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast
• Introduction to basic Networking terminology
• Network Topologies
• Types of area networks – LAN, MAN and WAN
• Layers of OSI Model

Data Link Layer :

• Local Area Network (LAN) Technologies.
• Internetworking
• Framing In Data Link Layer
• Introduction of MAC Address
• Multiple Access Protocols
• Ethernet Frame Format
• EtherChannel
• Difference between Byte stuffing and Bit stuffing
• Circuit Switching
• Packet Switching and Delays
• Circuit Switching VS Packet Switching
• Differences between Virtual Circuits & Datagram Networks
• Maximum data rate (channel capacity) for noiseless and noisy channels
• Collision Avoidance in wireless networks
• Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)
• Efficiency of CSMA/CD
• Back-off Algorithm for CSMA/CD
• Controlled Access Protocols
• Virtual LAN (VLAN)
• Inter VLAN Routing by Layer 3 Switch
• Access and trunk ports
• Port security
• Inter-Switch Link (ISL) and IEEE 802.1Q
• Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
• Sliding Window Protocol | Set 1 (Sender Side)
• Sliding Window Protocol | Set 2 (Receiver Side)
• Sliding Window protocols Summary
• Difference between Stop and Wait, GoBackN and Selective Repeat
• Error Detection
• Hamming Code
• Program to remotely Power On a PC over the Internet using the Wake-on-LAN protocol.
• Basics of Wi-Fi
• Efficiency Of Token Ring
• Token Bus (IEEE 802.4)

Network Layer :

• Introduction and IPv4 Datagram Header
• IP Addressing | Introduction and Classful Addressing
• IP Addressing | Classless Addressing
• Supernetting
• Ipv4 Datagram Fragmentation and Delays
• Fragmentation at Network Layer
• Internet Protocol v6 | IPv6
• Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Header
• Differences between IPv4 and IPv6
• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• Longest Prefix Matching in Routers
• Routing v/s Routed Protocols
• Classes of routing protocols
• Types of routing
• Classification of Routing Algorithms
• Routing Protocols Set 1 (Distance Vector Routing)
• Route Poisoning and Count to infinity problem
• Redundant link problems
• Administrative Distance (AD) and Autonomous System (AS)
• Unicast Routing – Link State Routing
• Link state advertisement (LSA)
• Distance vector routing v/s Link state routing
• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
• EIGRP fundamentals
• EIGRP Configuration
• Features of Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
• EIGRP cost calculation
• Open shortest path first (OSPF) protocol fundamentals
• Open shortest path first (OSPF) router roles and configuration
• Open shortest path first (OSPF) protocol States
• Probabilistic shortest path routing algorithm for optical networks
• Types of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
• Network address translation (NAT)
• Types of Network address translation (NAT)
• Static NAT (on ASA)
• Dynamic NAT (on ASA)
• VRRP(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) | Introduction and configuration
• Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
• Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) and Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
• Router on a stick | Introduction and Configuration
• What’s difference between Ping and Traceroute?
• ARP, Reverse ARP(RARP), Inverse ARP(InARP), Proxy ARP and Gratuitous ARP
• How ARP works?
• Packet flow in the same network
• Packet flow in different network
• Access-lists (ACL)
• Standard Access-list
• Extended access-list

Transport Layer :

• TCP Sequence Number | Wrap Around Concept
• Transport Layer responsibilities
• Multiplexing and Demultiplexing in Transport Layer
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• P2P(Peer To Peer) File Sharing
• Congestion Control
• Congestion control techniques
• Leaky Bucket Algorithm
• Error Control in TCP

Application Layer :

• Protocols in Application Layer
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• DNS (Domain Name Server)
• Why does DNS use UDP and not TCP?
• Address Resolution in DNS
• DNS Spoofing or DNS Cache poisoning
• What’s difference between http:// and https:// ?
• What’s difference between HTML and HTTP ?
• HTTP Non-Persistent & Persistent Connection | Set 1
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• What are the differences between HTTP, FTP, and SMTP?
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• DHCP Relay Agent
• How DHCP server dynamically assigns IP address to a host?
• What’s difference between The Internet and The Web ?

Network Security and Cryptography :

• The CIA triad
• Introduction to Firewall
• Message Authentication Codes
• How message authentication code works?
• Basic Network Attacks
• Types of Viruses
• Deniel of Service and Prevention
• RC4 Encryption Algorithm
• RSA Algorithm in Cryptography
• RSA Algorithm using Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library
• Weak RSA decryption with Chinese-remainder theorem
• How to solve RSA Algorithm Problems?
• Hash Functions in System Security
• DNA Cryptography
• Caesar Cipher

Compression Techniques :

• LZW (Lempel–Ziv–Welch) Compression technique
• Data Compression With Arithmetic Coding
• Shannon-Fano Algorithm for Data Compression

Network Experiments :

• Let’s experiment with Networking
• Simple Chat Room using Python
• Socket Programming in Java
• C Program to find IP Address, Subnet Mask & Default Gateway
• Extracting MAC address using Python
• Implementation of Diffie-Hellman Algorithm
• Java Implementation of Deffi-Hellman Algorithm between Client and Server
• Socket Programming in Python
• Socket Programming with Multi-threading in Python
• Cyclic Redundancy Check in Python
• Explicitly assigning port number to client in Socket
• Netstat command in Linux:
• nslookup command in Linux with Examples
• UDP Server-Client implementation in C
• C program for file Transfer using UDP
• Java program to find IP address of your computer
• Finding IP address of a URL in Java
• Program to calculate the Round Trip Time (RTT)
• Network configuration and trouble shooting commands in Linux
• Implementing Checksum Using Java
• C Program to display hostname and IP address
• Program to determine class, Network and Host ID of an IPv4 address
• Program to determine Class, Broadcast address and Network address of an IPv4 address
• Program for IP forwarding table lookup
• Wi-Fi Password of All Connected Networks in Windows/Linux
• Network Devices (Hub, Repeater, Bridge, Switch, Router and Gateways)
• Inside a Router
• Bridges (local Internetworking device)
• Switch functions at layer 2
• Collision Domain and Broadcast Domain
• Root Bridge Election in Spanning Tree Protocol
• Onion Routing
• Types of Server Virtualization
• Cloud Computing | Characteristics of Virtualization
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Image Steganography
• Network Neutrality
• Basics of NS2 and Otcl/tcl script

FAQs on Computer Networks

Q.1 what are the types of computer network.

PAN(Personal Area Network) : It is the network connecting computer devices for personal use within a range of 10 meters. LAN(Local Area Network) : It is a collection of computers connected to each other in a small area for example school, office, or building. WAN(Wide Area Network) : A Wide Area Network is a large area than the LAN. It is spread across the states or countries. MAN(Metropolitan Area Network) : A Metropolitan area network is the collection of interconnected Local Area Networks.

Q.2 What are link and node?

A link is a connection between two or more computers. Link can be wired or wireless between two nodes. A node is refer to any device in a network like computers, laptops, printers, servers, modems, etc.

Q.3 What is the network topology?

Network topology is the physical design of the network, It represents the connectivity between the devices, cables, computers, etc.

Q.4 What are different types of network topology?

There are different types of topology are given below: Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Mesh Topology Tree Topology Hybrid

Quick Links :

• Last Minute Notes(LMNs)
• Quizzes on Computer Networks !
• ‘Practice Problems’ on Computer Networks !

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Introduction to Computer Network

Nov 06, 2019

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Introduction to Computer Network. Dr. Rania R Ziedan. Agenda. Introduction Network types Network topology Network connection models OSI model. Computer network. A collection of computing devices that are connected in various ways in order to communicate and share resources or files

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Introduction to Computer Network Dr. Rania R Ziedan

Agenda • Introduction • Network types • Network topology • Network connection models • OSI model

Computer network • A collection of computing devices that are connected in various ways in order to communicate and share resources or files • Wired network: the connections between computers in a network are made using physical wires or cables • Wireless network: the connections between computers in a network are made using radio waves or infrared signals

Computer network • Each computer in the network is known as: node or host • Data transfer rate: is the speed with which data is moved from one place on a network to another, which is a key feature in computer networks

Network Types • Local Area Network (LAN): two or more computers connected together, the computers are physically near each other (for example: in the same building) • LANs are inexpensive to install • LANs provide higher speeds

Network Types • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): usually span tens of kilometers (for example: in the same city) • The cost of installation and operation is higher. • MANs use high-speed connections such as fiber optics to achieve higher speeds

Network Types • Wide Area Network (WAN): is a connection of LANs (for example : the Internet) • WANs span a larger area than a single city. • These use long distance telecommunication networks for connection, thereby increasing the cost.

The Internet • It is a large group of computers that are connected to each other and used to send information quickly between computers around the world

Physical topology of a network • The term physical topology refers to the way in which a network is laid out physically. • The topology of a network is the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links and linking devices • There are four basic topologies possible: mesh, star, bus, and ring

Physical topology of a network • Mesh Topology • In a mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other device. • The term dedicated means that the link carries traffic only between the two devices it connects. • The number of physical links in a fully connected mesh network with n nodes  n(n-1)/2 • The mesh topology used in the connection of telephone regionaloffices in which each regional office needs to be connected to every other regional office.

Physical topology of a network • Mesh Topology • Advantages: • Each link can carry its own data load, thus eliminating the traffic problems that can occur with shared links. • A mesh topology is robust. If one link becomes unusable, it does not incapacitate the entire system. • Every message travels along a dedicated line, only the intended recipient sees it. Physical boundaries prevent other users from gaining access to messages. • Point-to-point links make fault identification and fault isolation easy. Traffic can be routed to avoid links with suspected problems. • Disadvantage: • The amount of cabling and the number of I/O ports required.

Physical topology of a network • Star Topology • Each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller, usually called a hub. • A star topology does not allow direct traffic between devices. • The controller acts as an exchange: If one device wants to send data to another, it sends the data to the controller, which then relays the data to the other connected device. • The star topology is used in local-area networks (LANs)

Physical topology of a network • Star Topology • Advantages: • less expensive than a mesh topology, each device needs only one link and one I/O port to connect it to any number of others. • Easy to install and reconfigure. • Robustness, if one link fails, only that link is affected, all other links remain active. • As long as the hub is working, it can be used to monitor link problems and bypass defective links • Disadvantage: • the dependency of the whole topology on one single point, the hub. If the hub goes down, the whole system is dead

Physical topology of a network • Bus Topology • A bus topology is multipoint connection. • One long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in a network. • Nodes are connected to the bus cable by drop lines and taps. • There is a limit on the number of taps a bus can support and on the distance between those taps. As a signal travels along the backbone, some of its energy is transformed into heat. Therefore, it becomes weaker and weaker as it travels farther and farther. • Bus topology was the one of the first topologies used in the design of early local area networks. • The cable has two end terminals that dampen the signal so that it does not keep moving from one end of the network to the other.

Physical topology of a network • Bus Topology • Advantages: • Ease of installation • Bus uses less cabling than mesh or star topologies. • Disadvantages: • Difficult reconnection and fault isolation. • Difficult to add new devices. • Signal reflection at the taps can cause degradation in quality. This degradation can be controlled by limiting the number and spacing of devices connected to a given length of cable. • Adding new devices may therefore require modification or replacement of the backbone. • In addition, a fault or break in the bus cable stops all transmission, even between devices on the same side of the problem. The damaged area reflects signals back in the direction of origin, creating noise in both directions.

Physical topology of a network • Ring Topology • Each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection with only the two devices on either side of it. • A signal is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to device, until it reaches its destination. • Each device in the ring incorporates a repeater. When a device receives a signal intended for another device, its repeater regenerates the bits and passes them along

Physical topology of a network • Ring Topology • Advantages: • easy to install and reconfigure • Fault isolation is simplified. • Generally in a ring, a signal is always circulating . If one device does not receive a signal within a specified period, it can issue an alarm. The alarm alerts the network operator to the problem and its location. • To add or delete a device requires changing only two connections. The only constraints are media and traffic considerations (maximum ring length and number of devices). • Disadvantages: • Unidirectional traffic • a break in the ring can disable the entire network. • This weakness can be solved by using a dual ring or a switch capable of closing off the break.

Network connection models • Networks can also be classified according to the roles that the networked computers play in the network’s operation. • Peer-to-peer, • server-based, • and client-based.

Network connection models Peer-to-peer model all computers are considered equal. Each computer controls its own information and is capable of functioning as either a client or a server depending upon the requirement. • Peer-to-peer networks are inexpensive and easy to install. • They are popular as home networks and for use in small companies. • Most operating systems come with built-in peer-to-peer networking capability. • The maximum number of peers that can operate on a peer-to-peer network is ten. • Each peer shares resources and allows others open access to them. • Shares can be document folders, printers, peripherals, and any other resource that they control on their computers.

Network connection models Peer-to-peer network

Network connection models • client-server model is a software that consists of two parts, client systems and server systems, both communicate over a computer network

Network connection models • The client-server relationship describes the relation between the client and how it makes a service request to the server, and how the server can accept these requests, process them, and return the requested information to the client

Page request How the Web Works? • WWW use classical client / server architecture • HTTP is text-based request-response protocol HTTP HTTP Server response Server running Web Server Software (IIS, Apache, etc.) Client running a Web Browser

Client/Server • There are two types of servers: • File serverA computer that stores and manages files for multiple users on a network • Web serverA computer that responds to requests for web pages (from the browser client)

Web servers and browsers • web server: software that listens for web page requests • Apache • Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) (part of Windows) • web browser: fetches/displays documents from web servers • Mozilla Firefox • Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) • Apple Safari • Google Chrome • Opera

OSI Architecture The OSI 7-layer Model OSI – Open Systems Interconnection

Description of Layers • Physical Layer • Handles the transmission of raw bits over a communication link • Data Link Layer • Collects a stream of bits into a larger aggregate called a frame • Network adaptor and device drivers in OS implement the protocol in the datalink layer • Frames are actually delivered to hosts • Network Layer • Handles routing between nodes within a packet-switched network • Unit of data exchanged between nodes in this layer is called a packet The lower three layers are implemented on all network nodes

Description of Layers • Transport Layer • Implements a process-to-process channel • Unit of data exchanges in this layer is called a message • Session Layer • Provides a name space that is used to tie together the potentially different transport streams that are part of a single application • Presentation Layer • Concerned about the format of data exchanged between peers • Application Layer • Standardize common type of exchanges The transport layer and the higher layers typically run only on end-hosts and not on the intermediate switches and routers

Summary • A computer network consists of two or more computers that are connected and are able to communicate. • The basic purpose of networks is to enable effective communication, share resources, and facilitate centralized management of data. • Networks can be classified according to their geographical boundaries or their component roles. • The topology of a network is the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links and linking devices

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100+ Computer Science Presentation Topics (Updated)

This is a list of computer science Presentation Topics for students and professionals. These updated topics can be used for PowerPoint Paper presentation, Poster Presentation, classroom ppt presentation, seminars, seminars, webinars and conferences. etc. These presentation topics will be beneficial for students of Engineering and management courses such as BE Computer science, B Tech IT, MCA, BCA and MBA.

Below is the list of Best Computer Science Presentation Topics.

Artificial intelligence

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

AI & critical systems

Quantum Computing

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Accelerated Graphics Port (often shortened to AGP)

ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended)

Sixth Sense Technology: Concept VS. Reality

BASIC – Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

Foldable Phones: Future of Mobiles

Basic computer skills

Blu-ray Disc

Cloud computing

CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory)

Machine Learning

Cellular architecture

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Cloud Print for Android

Chip (integrated circuit)

Computer multitasking

Cloud computing applications

Cloud computing basics

Cloud Printing for Windows

Computer architectures

Edge Computing

Computer Diagnostic Softwares

Computer form factor

Computer hardware troubleshooting

Cyber Security: New Challenges

Computer Networks

Computer software programs

Computer tracking software

The world of Blockchain

Conventional Binary Numbering System

Conventional PCI (PCI is an initialism formed from Peripheral Component Interconnect

DASD (Direct Access Storage Device)

Internet of Things (IoT)

Desktop Computers

Digital Visual Interface (DVI)

Transparent Display: Concept Vs Reality

DIMM – DIMM which means (dual in-line memory module)

DisplayPort

DNA computers

DVD (Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc)

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EEPROM (E2PROM) – Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC)

Embedded computers

Google cloud computing

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Evolution of Computers

Expansion card (expansion board, adapter card or accessory card)

ExpressCard

FDDI – Fiber Distributed Data Interface

Intelligent Apps

Flash Memory

Graphics processors

Google Glass: Future of Computers!

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Harvard Architecture vs Von Neumann architecture

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)

Standardization of web

Image scanner

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Type C port: The Gamechanger

IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second, pronounced eye-ops)

Latest Computer Technologies

Latest Trends in Computer Science

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Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM or “Baby”)

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Mini-VGA connectors

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Network Topologies

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Neuralink: The brain’s magical future

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PCI-X, short for PCI-eXtended

Personal Computers (PC)

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

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Programming language

PSU (power supply unit)

Quantum computer vs Chemical computer

RAID (redundant array of independent disks)

Random-access memory or RAM

Read-only memory or ROM

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Static random-access memory (SRAM)

Super Computers

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Teleprinter

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Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector

Wearable computer

Virtual Reality

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Computer Networks Seminar PDF Report, PPT

Computer Networks Seminar PDF Report, PPT:  A computer network can be defined as a set of two or more computers having interconnection to the same resources, such as exchange files, printers, CDs and other similar equipment. The networks in a computer are built with a great combination of software and hardware. The main purpose of the networks is to facilitate communication through video conferencing, email, instant messaging, etc. Additionally, multiple users are enabled to share a single hardware device, such as a scanner or printer.

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Types of Computer Networks

There are many different types of computer networks and some of them are stated below:

• Local Area Network (LAN)

LAN is one of the simplest types of computer networks in which computers are connected together over the span of small distances. This type of network is perfect for sharing resources like printers or data storage.

• Personal Area Network (PAN)

In a personal area network, there is an interconnection of information technology that organized around an individual person typically within a range of 10 meters. This type of computer network can also be interconnected without any need for wires to the internet.

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• Wide Area Network (WAN)

A WAN is a complex type of computer network that connects the computer together over larger distances. It allows them to have communication no matter how far they are from each other. One of the best examples of a WAN is internet through computers can connect all around the world.

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

There is an involvement of a computer network that spreads across the whole city in the metropolitan area network. It is bigger than a LAN and covers an area that can range from many miles to ten miles. The major use of the MAN is to connect many LANs together for forming a larger network.

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Advantages of Computer Networks

Here are some advantages of computer networks you need to aware about:

• More Convenient Resource Sharing

The major benefit of computer networks for large companies is that lots of resources can be shared to all the staff through it. It assures that the resources needed for the completing operation can be shared completely.

• Instant and Multiple Accesses

The computer networks allow multiple users to access the same data from a remote location at the same time. One of the most common examples is the global web that can be accessed by everyone from a different place at the same time.

• Low cost and high flexibility

There is a very low cost involved in installing the networking software on the computers or any other device. Moreover, it is a highly flexible technology that allows the users to explore all the things regarding the essential products.

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Disadvantages of Computer Networks

Although it seems perfect in usage, but still there are some disadvantages associated with it:

• Dangers of Security Issues

There is a chance that the security can be at risk because a larger size of people uses a computer network and share files. There are many illegal activities involved over the internet from time to time and users need to be careful about that.

• Increase Dependence on Computers

There is a great involvement of computers in this technology and it makes the people get relied on them instead if making some physical effort. It can have a bad effect on the health of the people.

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Presently, a computer network has become one of the important factors in the information technology market. Almost all companies require computer networking at some point. Only there is a need for effective use of computer networks for overcoming the communication problems.

Content of the Seminar and pdf report for Computer Networks

• Introduction
• Types of Network
• Classification of Network Architecture
• Network Topology
• Uses of Computer Networks
• Advantages and Disadvantages

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Presentation on computer networking

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• 1. Presented By- Jyoti Tiwari MCA 1st Semester Batch- 2015-2018
• 2. TABLE OF CONTENT Computer Networks Computer Network Communication Types of Network Local Area Network(LAN) Metropolitan Area Network(MAN) Wide Area Network(WAN) Comparison of LAN,MAN,WAN Network Topology Bus Topology Ring Topology Star Topology Differences Conclusion References
• 3. Computer network A computer network is a system of interconnected computers and peripheral devices. For example, it may connect computers, printers, scanners and cameras. Computer network communication We transmit information or data by using two types of signals, namely analog and digital. Computers communicate with digital signals. The older forms of communications technology, such as telephones and radios, use analog signals.
• 4. Types of Networks Computer Networks are differentiated between three types of Computer Networks such as LAN, MAN, WAN. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN): Smallest network evaluated to the added two networks. The simplest type of LAN is to join two computers collectively. LAN is maneuvered within a partial physical area, for instance at home, a single building, school, or several buildings. A network which consists of less than 500 interconnected devices across several buildings, is still recognized as a LAN.
• 5. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN): ‘Metropolitan' - Describes important cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Singapore, Tokyo, London and New York. located at different sites within a large physical area, such as a city. Companies that have several branches within the Kuala Lumpur city such as banks, use a MAN. setting up a MAN across long distances can be best connected using fiber optics as well as can be a collection of several LANs within the same city. It often acts as a high speed network (although not as fast as a LAN) to allow sharing of regional resources. MAN can be defined as a group of computers and network devices connected together within a large physical area.
• 6. WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN): The largest network of all network types. Internet is the largest WAN in the world. WAN generally covers large distances such as states, countries or continents. EG: Local banks have always maintained their business online by connecting all computers of their branches in the countries. International banks also use WAN to connect their computers all over the world. WAN is a group of MANs or LANs or the mixture of both networks.
• 7. Comparison of LAN, MAN, WAN
• 8. Network Topology: Majorly topologies are differentiated between three types of topologies i.e. bus, ring, star. Bus Topology: A bus topology consists of a single central cable to which all computers and other devices connect. A bus topology is also known as a bus network. DESCRIPTION OF BUS TOPOLOGY Very common in LAN. Must have a common backbone (the central cable) to connect all devices. All nodes share the backbone to communicate with each other on the network. Sometimes, a bus network has more than one server. Sometimes, a server is not needed on the network.
• 9. Ring Topology: A ring topology consists of all computers and other devices that are connected in a loop. Ring topology is also known as a ring network. DESCRIPTION OF RING TOPOLOGY: Can be found in LAN. Each node directly connect to two neighboring nodes. A server may exist in a ring network, but it will not connect to all the nodes in the network. The server, like other nodes, will only communicate to its two neighboring nodes
• 10. Star Topology: A star topology consists of a central host which acts as the centre, and all nodes connect to the host. A star topology is also known as star network. DESCRIPTION OF STAR TOPOLOGY: A star network is found in a Local Area Network setting. A star network must have a host which acts as the centre. The host can be a server, hub or router. In a star network, every node will not connect to the neighboring nodes. Every node must connect to the host in order to communicate. The host will control the flow of communication in the
• 11. Differences: Bus Topology Ring Topology Star Topology Structure there is a single central cable (backbone) and all computers and other devices connect to it all computers and other devices are connected in a circle there is a central host and all nodes connect to it Host existence depends on network Needs depends on network needs yes Connection between nodes It has no connection between the nodes. Yes no Host failure network can still run network will fail network will fail Node failure network can still run network will fail network can still run Ease of troubleshooting difficult. Need to search for the problematic node one by one depends on backbone. If there is a backbone, troubleshooting is difficult. If there is no backbone, the focus is on the two nodes not communicating depends on the host. It is easier to repair the problematic host. However, if the nodes fail, then each node has to be searched Ease of adding or removing nodes easy difficult average Number of nodes when extending network many limited limited
• 12. Conclusion Computer Networks basically used in sharing the information or data. It also used to inter, intra and extra connect with each other whatever the location is such as building, city, nation or country. Computer network works on basis of topologies and technical communication barriers which flows the effective information for best visible growth. It also includes new developments according today’s era. Internet, server etc are the example of computer networks.
• 13. References: Some references through the various websites. A book of IT & Computer Fundamentals. And some dictionary and wikipedia.
• 14. THANYOU