yamuna river essay in kannada

Essay on Yamuna River: Its Importance in India

Yamuna River is India’s fifth longest river. Over the past several centuries, the river has been the important part of culture in India. It has been the major source of daily bread and butter for millions of Indians. In pursuit of spiritual significance, Yamuna has been venerated with great hope for many. Currently, the river is more in the headlines for being the most polluted river in India for all bad reasons.

The source of Yamuna River is frozen Champasar Lake in Banderpooch Glacier located at the altitude of 6387m in Har-Ki-Doon hilly ranges of Uttarkashi located in Uttarakhand. It runs through widest range of forested and snow-capped valleys in Himalayas before getting into the Indo-Gangetic North Indian plains. After flowing for 1376km, the river merges into the Ganges in Allahabad.

Sacred Places Located along Yamuna River

Yamuna River is believed to be originated from Yamunotri Shrine. It is listed as one of the four major pilgrimage places or Char Dhaam in Uttarakhand. It greets thousands of pilgrims from different parts of the world every year.

Yamunotri is known to be the first shrine to be visited on this pilgrimage site. Whole Valley of Yamuna River is loaded with several sacred shrines as well as mythological sites that are devoted to legends and saints of ancient era. River Yamuna is among the most popular rivers in North India. It is around 1370km long.

Yamuna River is also called as River Jamuna. Yamuna River flows in south way along the Himalayan Mountains on the plains of North India, and it traverses through a lot of valleys for around 200km along the border of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Yamuna River traverses along various states like Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, before it merges in Allahabad with River Ganga. Cities like Mathura and Agra are located along its banks. Yamuna River is believed to be originated at Yamunotri in Himalayan regions of Uttarakhand, positioned at the north of Haridwar located at the altitude of around 6387m over the sea level.

Cities like Noida, Mathura, Allahabad, Hamirpur, Delhi, Baghpat, Kalpi, Etawah, and Agra are located on its banks. The source of Yamuna River, Yamunotri also forms the Goddess Yamuna seat. It is supposed to be one of the four Char Dhaam sites in India.

Yamuna River witnesses very light traffic. It shrinks in Agra as a very small stream in summer, partly due to the amount of water removed for domestic consumption and irrigation by the canals.

However, the river has been one of the most polluted rivers in India. Most of its course passes through very densely populated locations where most number of sewages has been discharged on it. With financial support from Japan in the early 1990s, the Indian government has started Yamuna Action Plan, which is a multi phase project to reduce the pollution levels of the river. Passing from Delhi, Yamuna River feeds the Agra Canal. It passes Agra, Etawah, and Firozabad. It receives a lot of southern tributaries below Etawah.

Santosh Kumar

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Yamuna river essay

The Yamuna (Sanskrit: यमुना), sometimes named Jamuna (Bengali: যমুনা, Hindi: जमुना, Urdu: جمنا) or Jumna, is definitely the largest tributary river of theGanges (Ganga) in upper India. From the Yamunotri Glacier in a height of six, 387 metre distances on the to the south western ski slopes of Banderpooch peaks inside the Lower Himalayas in Uttarakhand, it travels a total period of 1, 376 kilometers (855 mi) and has a drainage system of 366, 223 sq . kilometres (141, 399 sq mi), forty. 2% in the entire Ganges Basin, prior to merging together with the Ganges by Triveni Sangam, Allahabad, the site for theKumbha Mela every twelve years.

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It crosses several declares, Uttarakhand, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, transferring by Himachal Pradesh and later Delhi, and meets many of its tributaries on the way, which include Tons, their largest and longest tributary in Uttarakhand, Chambal, containing its own large basin, followed by Sindh, the Betwa, and Ken.

Most importantly it creates the highly suitable for farming alluvial, Yamuna-Ganges Doab location between itself and the Ganges in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Nearly 57 mil people be based upon the Yamuna waters.

With a flow of about 10, 1000 cubic billion metres (cbm) and using 4, 500 cbm (of which water sources constitutes ninety six per cent), the water accounts for much more than 70 per cent of Delhi’s water supplies. Just like the Ganges, the Yamuna too is highly venerated in Hinduism and worshipped as goddess Yamuna, throughout its course. In Hindu mythology, she is the daughter of Sun The almighty, Surya, and sister of Yama, the God of Death, hence also known as Yami and according to popular legends, showering in its almost holy waters slides open one in the torments of death.

Water of Yamuna is of “reasonably good quality” through it is length from Yamunotri inside the Himalayas to Wazirabad in Delhi, regarding 375 kilometres, where the release of squander water through 15 drains between Wazirabad barrage and Okhla barri�re renders the river seriously polluted following Wazirabad in Delhi. A single official explains the riv as a “sewage drain” with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values ranging from 14 to twenty-eight mg/l and highcoliform content material. There are three main sources of pollution inside the river, particularly households and municipal convenience sites, ground erosion resulting from deforestation occurring to make way for agriculture along with resulting chemical wash-off from manures, herbicides, and pesticides and run-off from business activity and industrial sites.

Religious value

The empress of the riv, also known as Yami, is the sis of Yama, god of death, plus the daughter of Surya, the Sun god, wonderful wife Saranyu. Yamuna, known respectfully since Yamunaji, contains a very important location in Pushti Marga, a sect of Hinduism based upon the ShuddhAdvaita, where Shri Krsna is the central deity, propagated by VallabhAcharya / MahaPrabhuji, and using a large following in India. The water Yamuna is additionally connected to the religious beliefs adjacent Krishna and various reports connected with Him are found in Hindu religious texts, particularly the Puranas, like that of Kaliya Daman, the subduing of Kaliya, a toxic Nāga leather, which experienced inhabited the river and terrorized the people of Braja. Yamuna, based on the legends is definitely closely related to Lord Krishna and Mahabharata.

Krishna was taken through the Yamnuna on the night of his birth. Kansa, Krishna’s mother’s uncle prepared to destroy all his nephew’s, because his ten nephew was predicted to be his Kāla. When Vasudeva, carrying Krishna in a basket, reaches the river Yamuna, on the extremely turbulent, rainy night of Krishna’s birth, Yamuna is said to obtain parted for making way for Vasudeva. Krishna as well as the Gopi’s likewise used to use the banking companies of Yamunaji as kids.

In 1909 the waters of the Yamuna had been distinguishable since “clear blue”, as compared to the silt-laden yellow of the Ganges. However , because of high density inhabitants growth and rapid industrialization today Yamuna is one of the the majority of polluted streams in the world, specifically around Fresh Delhi, the capital of India, which dumps about 58% of it is waste into the river. Reasons for pollution. Fresh Delhi produces 1, 900 million litre per day (MLD) of manure. Though numerous attempts had been made to process it, the efforts are actually futile. Although the government of India features spent practically $500 , 000, 000 to clean in the river, the Yamuna continues to be polluted with garbage while many sewage treatment facilities happen to be underfunded or perhaps malfunctioning. Additionally , the water through this river remains to be stagnant for nearly nine a few months in a year, aggravating the situation. Delhi alone contributes around several, 296 MLD of manure in the water. The government of India over the next five years provides prepared plans to rebuild and repair the sewage system as well as the drains that empty in to the river.

To address river pollution,  certain measures of river cleaning have been taken by the Government’s Ministry of Environment and Jungles in a dozen towns of Haryana, eight towns of Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi, under the Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) which has been integrated since 93 by the Countrywide River Conservation Directorate (NRCD) of the Ministry of Environment and Woodlands. The The japanese Bank to get International Assistance is participating in the Yamuna Action Plan in 15 of the above twenty-one towns (excluding 6 towns of Haryana included down the line the course of Great Court of India) with soft mortgage assistance of 17. 773 billion Japan Yen (equivalent to regarding Rs. 700 crore INR) while the Federal government of India is providing the funds for the remaining 6th towns added later.

In 2007 the Indian government’s plans to fix sewage lines were forecasted to improve this particular quality with the river 90% by the yr 2010.[28][29][30] However in 2009, the Union government admitted for the Lok Sabha (Indian Parliament), the inability of the Chollo Action Plan (GAP) and the Yamuna Action Plan (YAP), saying that “rivers Ganga and Yamuna are no cleaner at this point than 20 years ago” in spite of spending more than Rs one particular, 700 crore to control air pollution. According into a CSE standard, these strategies adopted the Thames unit, based on a centralized sewerage treatment program. This resulted in huge sum of money and a 24-hr power supply were needed to manage the procedure plants, although only a great 8-hr power supply was readily available, contributing to the failure of both river plans.[31] That kicks off in august 2009, the Delhi Jal Board (DJB) initiated their plan for resuscitating the Yamuna’s 22 kilometers stretch in Delhi by constructing interceptor sewers, on the cost of about Rs 1, 800 crore. ]

Ancient books and record

Literally meaning “twins” in Sanskrit, since it runs seite an seite to the Ganges, its name is definitely mentioned in many locations in the Machine Veda, crafted during the Vedic period ca between 1700–1100 BC, and also in the laterAtharvaveda, and the Brahmanas including Aitareya Brahmana and Shatapatha Brahmana. In Machine Veda, the storyline of the Yamuna describes her “excessive love” for her dual, Yama, who have in turn requires her to locate a suitable match for very little, which the girl does in Krishna. The tale is further more detailed inside the 16th 100 years Sanskrithymn, Yamunashtakam, an ode by philosopher Vallabhacharya. Below the story of descent to satisfy her much loved Krishna and to purify the world has been place in verse. The hymn also he good remarks her if you are the source of all spiritual talents, while the Ganges is considered a great epitome of asceticism and larger knowledge and may grant us Moksha or perhaps liberation, it truly is Yamuna, who being a holder of infinite love and compassion, can grant all of us freedom by even loss of life, the sphere of her elder sibling. She rushes down the Kalinda Mountain, and verily explains her as the child of Kalinda, giving her another term, Kalindi, the setting of Krishna Leela.

The text also talk about her water being from the colour of Lord Krishna, which is dark (Shyam). It can be mention since Iomanes (Ioames) in the online surveys of Seleucus I Nicator, an officer of Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi, who stopped at India in 305 BC, later Megasthenes, a Ancient greek traveller and geographer, went to India, at times before 288 BC, the date of Chandragupta’s fatality, also point out the riv in his textual content Indica, where he described the region around that as the land of Surasena. In Mahabharata, Indraprastha, the capital of Pandavaswas also situated for the banks of Yamuna, it truly is considered to the present day day city of Delhi. There is certainly evidence implying Yamuna was obviously a tributary in the Ghaggar water, also known as the Vedic Sarasvati River in the ancient past and the estuaries and rivers were each known as Sapta Sindhu or seven channels.

It improved its training course to east following a tectonic event in north India and became a tributary from the Ganges instead. As the it is believed that the Sarasvati river dried out and it also meant the end of many Indus Area civilization funds, and creation of the Thar desert, the Ghaggar-Hakra lake now moves only throughout the monsoon time of year. The importance from the Ganges–Yamuna lake basin, and the Doab location as classic the seat of power, can be derived from the very fact, in much of early good India, almost all of great empires, which dominated over most India, until the Chalukyas California king, Vinayaditya, were deduced in the very fertile Ganges–Yamuna basin, including the Magadha (ca 600 BC), Maurya Empire (321–185 BC), Sunga Empire (185–73 BCE), Kushan Disposition (1st–3rd centuries CE), Gupta Empire (280–550 CE), and a lot of had all their capitals below, in urban centers like Pataliputra orMathura.

These kinds of rivers were revered through these kingdoms that flourished on their banks, in fact since the period of Chandragupta II (r. 375–415 CE), figurines both the Ganges and Yamuna became prevalent throughout the Gupta Empire. Further more to the South, pictures of the Ganges and Yamuna are found amongst shrines of the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas (753–982), as well as their royal seals, and prior to these people, the Cabeza Empire too added the river to their architectural explications. The Three Lake Goddess shrine, next of famous Kailash rock-cut Forehead at Ellora, built by Rashtrakuta Ruler, Govinda 3, shows the Ganges outfitted by the Yamuna and Saraswati.

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Delhi’s relationship with Yamuna river and how it evolved over time

Following very heavy rain, the yamuna in delhi temporarily reclaimed parts of the course that it abandoned centuries ago. delhi has an old history with its river; a relationship that has changed dramatically over time..

The Red Fort on one side and Salimgarh Fort on the other, separated by a braid or spill channel of the Yamuna — a scene from several 19th-century paintings of the Mughal city of Shahjahanabad — was recreated on Thursday, albeit during a flood.

What happened to the Yamuna with the recent rains in North India?

The Yamuna in Delhi , which is for the most part of the year no more than a ribbon of polluted water, rose to 208.66 metres on Thursday evening, causing Delhi’s worst flooding on record. The river touched 207.49 m in 1978, the year in which records started to be maintained. The danger mark in Delhi is 205.33 m.

Ring Road was submerged, and water lapped the walls of the Red Fort and Salimgarh Fort. Kashmere Gate, Civil Lines, ITO, and Rajghat were flooded. Delhi government officials said the regulator at the Indraprastha Metro station gave way under pressure from the swollen river, which made its way onto the arterial road.

There was water on the Ring Road and in several residential neighbourhoods during the 1978 flood as well — however, the floodplains of the Yamuna were far less encumbered then. The Akshardham Temple complex, Commonwealth Games Village, Player’s Building that houses the Delhi Secretariat, and Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium did not exist.

The Fort and the River

The Salimgarh Fort was built by Salim Shah Suri, son of Sher Shah Suri, in 1546 on a riverine island. The Red Fort came up across what is now the Ring Road, in 1648, on the west bank of a braid of the Yamuna.

A painting in Reminiscences of Imperial Delhi — an album of some 130 paintings of views of Mughal and pre-Mughal monuments of Delhi — by Mazhar Ali Khan, commissioned by the colonial administrator Charles Metcalfe, shows the two forts connected by a bridge as the river flows between them. The bridge itself was built by the order of Bahadur Shah Zafar.

Shah Jahan’s original city had 14 gates, including the ‘water gate’, Khizri Darwaza, that opened directly to the river. Only Delhi Gate, Kashmere Gate, Ajmeri Gate, Turkman Gate, and the Nigambodh Gate survive. The rest, including the Lahori Darwaza, Kabuli Darwaza, Lal Darwaza, and Khizri Darwaza are long gone.

Shah Jahan first came to the completed Red Fort by way of the Yamuna, and entered his magnificent new home through its water gate.

“When it was inaugurated, Shah Jahan entered the Red Fort through the Khizri Darwaza. There was a Jashn-e-Mahtabi, and the qila was illuminated by candles. It is through this same gate that Bahadur Shah Zafar left on the night of September 17, 1857 after the fall of Delhi,” historian Rana Safvi said.

The shifting Yamuna

The Yamuna served many needs of the fort.

“The river was instrumental in choosing the location [of the fort]. Not only did it serve as a barrier, but water was required for the growing population. The weather is more clement where a river runs. There was a scheme of water channels inside the fort, the water for which also came from the Yamuna,” Safvi said.

Over the decades, the river changed course.

“The Yamuna was to be a defence for the Red Fort. The river began to move away, as rivers do, in the time of Muhammad Shah ‘Rangila’ (reign 1719-48),” writer and heritage enthusiast Sohail Hashmi said.

According to Hashmi, when the decision was taken to move the capital of the Raj to Delhi, the Coronation Park area was originally suggested as the location for the new buildings. “But in the monsoon of 1911, quite a lot of the Coronation Park-Kingsway Camp area, parts of Civil Lines and Model Town, were flooded,” he said.

“These areas were a part of the floodplains. That’s why the decision was taken to locate the capital at Raisina Hill,” Hashmi said.

Indian Plate and soft soil

Manu Bhatnagar, principal director of INTACH’s Natural Heritage Division, said changes in a river’s course in the northern part of the country is not unusual.

One of the reasons is believed to be the movement of the Indian Tectonic Plate.

“The Plate has been moving northward. That is the reason the Himalayas are rising. One reason for the course of the Yamuna moving eastwards too is believed to be this,” Bhatnagar said.

Also, it is more likely for a river to change course in the alluvial plains of North India.

“Alluvial terrain is soft and more amenable to changing river courses. If we look at the course of the Ganga between 1786 and now, there are places where it has changed its course by 34 km,” Bhatnagar said. “In Badaun (UP) the river has moved 10 km from where it used to be. At several places along the river, you will find ghats but no river. In fact, across the world, you can find bridges that were once built over a river, which later changed course,” he said.

Where a braid of the Yamuna flowed, there is the Ring Road now, Bhatnagar said. “The piers of both the bridge built by Bahadur Shah Zafar and the railway bridge that the British built later, have a streamlined shape. This was done to part the water to diminish the impact on the piers,” he said.

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The Role Of River Yamuna In India

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10 lines Ganga River Essay in Kannada for Kids

The Ganga River

A Few Short Simple Lines on Ganga River for Children

• ಗಂಗಾ ಭಾರತದ ಪವಿತ್ರ ನದಿ.
• ಗಂಗಾ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದ್ದು ಉತ್ತರಾಖಂಡದ ಗಂಗೋತ್ರಿ.
• ಇದರ ಉದ್ದ ಸುಮಾರು 2525 ಕಿ.ಮೀ.
• ಈ ನದಿಗೆ ಹಿಂದೂ ದೇವತೆ ಗಂಗಾ ಹೆಸರಿಡಲಾಗಿದೆ
• ಇದು ಭಾರತದ 5000 ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಹಳೆಯ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
• ಇದು ಅನೇಕ ಉಪನದಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಶಾಖೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ.
• ಗಂಗಾ ನೀರನ್ನು ಕೃಷಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ಉದ್ದೇಶಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
• ಗಂಗಾ ನದಿಯನ್ನು ಹಿಂದೂ ಧರ್ಮದ ಪವಿತ್ರ ನದಿ ಎಂದು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.
• ಗಂಗಾ ತೀರದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಲವಾರು ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನಗರಗಳಿವೆ.
• ಒಂದು ಮಾತಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ಗಂಗಾ ನದಿ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಭಾರತೀಯರಿಗೆ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿದೆ.

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Short essay on Yamuna River Pollution

The Yamuna, another sacred river of the Hin­dus, is an important tributary of the Ganga. The river rises from the Yamunotri glacier (6,387m above msl) at the Banderpoonch peak in the Uttarkashi district of Uttaranchal. The river flows 1,367 km from its source to its confluence with the Ganga at Allahabad.

The annual flow of the river is about 10,000 cum. The annual usage is 4,400 cum of which 96 per cent is for irrigation. The Hindon, Chambal, Sindh, Betwa and Ken join the river in its 1,200 km- long journey through the plains.

At the Tajewala barrage, 172 km from its source, the Western and the Eastern Yamuna Canals divert the entire river water into Haryana and Uttar Pradesh for irrigation and other uses. Precipitation in the catchment area of the river is restricted to three monsoon months of July, August and September. Consequently, the river flow is not uniform throughout the year and the level of pollution increases during dry period.

For the study of pollution the total course of Yamuna, may be divided into five segments- Himalayan (172 km). Upper (224 km), Delhi (22 km), Eutrophicated (490 km), and Diluted (468 km) -of which the last three are much polluted. The Himalayan segment from its source to Tajewala barrage is almost free from pollution. The Upper segment between Tajewala and Wazirabad has be­come the victim of the rich agriculture of Haryana.

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The withdrawal of water to canals (west and east Yamuna canals) further aggravates the situation. Wastes from the industrial areas of Kurukshetra, Yamuna Nagar, Karnal. Panipat and Sonepat are discharged into the river and the irrigation canal (Table 31 .IV) and greatly reduce the water quality of the river. The capital city of Delhi is the largest polluter of Yamuna. The city is the largest consumer of water, with a production of 2,728 mid of treated water. Though the length and basin area of the river in Delhi is barely 2 percent, it contributes 71 percent of the waste water and 55 per cent of the total BOD load discharged into the river every day. About 9322,800 mid of untreated sewage find its way to the river through 19 major drains.

The toxic effluents include 200 tons of BOD and 160 tons of suspended solids being discharged into the river every day. The river has been reduced to the ‘open sewer of Delhi’. ‘Before the Yamuna enters Delhi, 100 milliliters of its water contain about 7,500 dis­ease causing bacteria but after receiving city sewage the number of bacteria increases to 24 million.’

The segment downstream of Delhi becomes more polluted by the city waste from Agra and Mathura. Consequently the BHC load increases from 218.83 nanogram per liter (Delhi) to 1,733.23 nanogram per litre (Agra). Similarly, the DDT load of203 mg/1 of water at Delhi is increased to 1,802.58 mg/1 at Agra. The segment is so highly polluted that the colour of the water turns to green owing to the presence of algae and phytoplankton’s (eutrophication), hence called eutrophicated. Downstream from the Yamuna-Chambal confluence the quality of water improves after the meeting of the Hindon, Sindh, Betwa and Ken rivers.

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10 Lines on Kaveri River

Kaveri is one of the major as well as sacred rivers of South India. It flows through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Kaveri River is the third largest river after Krishna and Godavari and the largest river of Tamil Nadu. It is considered as the lifeline of both the states. People are dependent on Kaveri River for irrigation and agriculture as well as the construction of dams and barrages helps in generating hydroelectricity and providing water for agriculture through various mediums.

Kaveri River originates from Karnataka and then enters into Tamil Nadu and from there it falls into Bay of Bengal making a rich and fertile delta region of the country which gives boost to the agriculture sector in the area and supports the livelihood of the people.

Ten Lines on Kaveri River in English

1) Kaveri is one of the major and sacred rivers which flow into southern part of India.

2) It flows through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and also referred as ‘Ponni’.

3) Kaveri is the third largest river after Krishna and Godavari rivers in south.

4) It originates from the foothills of Western Ghats located in Karnataka.

5) It generally flows into south and east through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

6) Kaveri River further flows into Deccan Plateau and gets emptied into the Bay of Bengal.

7) The length of Kaveri River is 805 km with the coverage area of 81,155 sq. km.

8) In Karnataka, Kaveri gets divided forming islands of Srirangapatnam and Sivanasamudra.

9) Kaveri River basin forms the Kaveri delta which is most fertile region of the country.

10) The tributaries of Kaveri River are Harangi, Hemavati, Lakshmana Tirtha, Amaravati etc.

10 Lines and Sentences on Kaveri River

1) Kaveri River emerges in southern India.

2) It is regarded as the third largest river in south India.

3) It traces its course through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states of India.

4) Talakaveri in the Kodagu district of Karnataka is the originating pace of river Kaveri.

5) Kaveri River is 805 km in length.

6) The area of the drainage basin of the Kaveri River is 81155 square km.

7) Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha, etc are the left tributaries of the river Kaveri.

8) Amaravati, Kabini, Bhavani, etc. are the right bank tributaries of river Kaveri.

9) Mysore, Srirangapatna, Thanjavur, etc districts of India lie along the bank of the Kaveri river.

10) Kaveri River empties into the Bay of Bengal.

5 Lines on Kaveri River

1) It is among the major rivers in India.

2) It covers Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

3) In some places it is called ‘Ponni’.

4) In the south, it is the third largest river.

5) It is the major Southern river.

20 Lines on Kaveri River

1) Kaveri is an important river in Karnataka.

2) It is stated as the largest river in Tamil Nadu.

3) It is also called as river Cauvery.

4) Kaveri is stated among the seven sacred rivers of India.

5) People of south India worship the river as Goddess Kaveriamma.

6) Srirangapatna and Shivanasamudra are two islands formed in the Deccan plateau by the river Kaveri.

7) The river water is utilized by people for household consumption and agriculture.

8) Krishna Raja Sagar Dam, Mettur Dam, Mayanur dam, etc. are the dams built on the Kaveri River.

9) These dams help in the production of hydroelectricity from the river water.

10) Gagana Chukki, Bhara Chukki, and Hogenakkal waterfalls on the river are famous waterfalls on river Kaveri.

11) Kaveri or Cauvery is a river which flows in the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and is the largest river in Tamil Nadu which divides the state into north and south.

12) People here in South India consider Kaveri as a goddess and worship it as “Kaveri Amman”, especially in Tamil Nadu.

13) Kaveri River originates from Brahmhagiri Hills in Kodagu located in Karnataka from a place known as TalaKaveri meaning ‘Head of Kaveri’.

14) Kaveri River flows into south-eastern direction through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and flows into Eastern Ghats in the great falls.

15) Before falling into the Bay of Bengal in the south of Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu, Kaveri River divides into large number of distributaries forming wide deltas.

16) At Sivanasamudram, the Kaveri River further gets decreased up to the height of 98 m forming famous falls called “Gagan Chukki” and “Bara Chukki”.

17) The Kaveri River basin covers 3 states and a union territory viz, Tamil Nadu (48,356 sq. km), Karnataka (34,273 sq. km), Kerala (2886 sq. km) and Pondicherry (160 sq. km).

18) The ‘Torekadanahalli’ pump station gives 540 million litres of water per day from Kaveri River, to 100 km to Bangalore.

19) The hydroelectric plant constructed in 1902 to the left of Sivanasamudra falls on the Kaveri River was the first hydroelectric plant in Asia.

20) The ‘Krishna Raja Sagara Dam’ has the capacity of 49 tmcft and the ‘Mettur Dam’ which makes Stanley reservoir has the capacity of 93.4 tmcft.

According to the verdict of honourable Supreme Court of India on 16 th February 2018, Karnataka will receive 284.75 tmcft, Kerala will get 30 tmcft, Tamil Nadu will get 404.25 tmcft and Pondicherry will get 7 tmcft of Kavery water and the rest 10 tmcft will be reserved for the environmental protection and 4 tmcft will be laid for the wastage into the sea. Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA) was set up 1 st June 2018 to resolve the dispute.

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First refuelling for Russia’s Akademik Lomonosov floating NPP

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Elektrostal

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