essay solution upsc 2023

Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions) – UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023

This topic of “Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions) – UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000 – 1200 words each: (125×2=250 marks)

(Click the links to read the solutions)

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary deci sion-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost.
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane .
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
Mathematics is the music of reason.
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

Express Learning Programme (ELP)

Optional Notes
Study Hacks
Prelims Sureshots (Repeated Topic Compilations)
Current Affairs (Newsbits, Editorials & In-depths)
Ancient Indian History
Medieval Indian History
Modern Indian History
Post-Independence Indian History
World History
Art & Culture
Geography (World & Indian)
Indian Society & Social Justice
Indian Polity
International Relations
Indian Economy
Environment
Agriculture
Internal Security
Disasters & its Management
General Science – Biology
General Studies (GS) 4 – Ethics
Syllabus-wise learning
Political Science
Anthropology
Public Administration

Analysis & Approach

Each question in the essay paper reflects a different dimension of thinking, and the aspirant is expected to demonstrate their analytical skills, coherence in arguments, and proficiency in language while addressing these questions.

Analysis: This topic seems to delve into the dialectical nature of thought. It could be interpreted that for any idea or thought to be truly explored or expanded upon, there must be an opposing or challenging force. This could relate to the Hegelian dialectic (thesis-antithesis-synthesis) or even the fundamental nature of debates.
Approach: A candidate can start by illustrating the importance of opposition in any form of critical thinking or decision-making. Real-world examples like scientific debates, democratic procedures, and the role of a loyal opposition in a parliament can be cited.
Analysis: Visionary decisions are those that shape the future, and they strike a balance between intuition (which is often based on subconscious processing) and logic (structured reasoning).
Approach: Candidates can discuss examples of visionary leaders and their decisions. For instance, Steve Jobs’ intuition in product design combined with logical market analysis, or Mahatma Gandhi ’s intuition about non-violence and its logical implications in the Indian freedom struggle.
Analysis: This statement, borrowed from J.R.R. Tolkien’s work, implies that not all who seem directionless are without purpose; sometimes, wandering can be a form of discovery.
Approach: This can be addressed by discussing the importance of exploration, serendipity in scientific discoveries, or even the self-exploratory journey that many individuals undertake in life.
Analysis: This implies that true creativity often arises from observing and interpreting everyday life in unique ways.
Approach: Real-life examples of artists, writers, and scientists who drew inspiration from everyday occurrences can be highlighted. Picasso’s simplistic drawings or Archimedes’ Eureka moment in his bathtub, for instance.
Analysis: This topic brings out the gender disparities and societal norms and expectations imposed upon individuals based on their gender.
Approach: It’s crucial to address both sides of the coin, discussing how gender norms restrict the potential and well-being of both girls and boys. Comparisons of societal expectations, real-life anecdotes, and data-driven evidence on gender disparities can be effective.
Analysis: The quote explores the harmony, structure, and beauty in mathematics similar to the rhythm and patterns in music.
Approach: Discussing the inherent order and logic in mathematics, and drawing parallels with musical structures can be a starting point. Mentioning mathematicians who were also musicians or vice versa might add value.
Analysis: This touches upon the idea that if a society is just, equitable, and provides opportunities for all, then the need for charity diminishes as fewer people would be in a position of deprivation.
Approach: Highlighting the correlation between justice and social welfare, discussing models of developed nations, and contrasting them with societies where charity becomes a band-aid solution for deeper systemic issues can be effective.
Analysis: This topic delves into the difference between rote learning and true education – the values, critical thinking skills, and character that endure beyond mere facts.
Approach: Drawing a distinction between learning for exams and learning for life, discussing the role of education in character building, and bringing in philosophical views on education would be insightful.

For all the essays, it’s essential to remember to structure the arguments coherently, provide relevant examples, and ensure a holistic view is presented. Best of luck to all the aspirants!

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis, Check PDF Download Link

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has administered the CSE Mains 2023 Essay Paper on September 15. Download PDF and Check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis of question here.

Table of Contents

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis

The UPSC Essay Paper is an important component that evaluates candidates’ knowledge as well as their ability to clearly and simply express concepts. This analysis explores the subtleties of this exam section, revealing trends, approaches, and ideas for future civil employees. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducted the IAS Mains 2023 Essay Paper on September 15, 2023. Check here UPSC Essay Paper 2023 detailed analysis below with proper model answers.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF

The Essay Paper of UPSC Mains 2023 is available in PDF format. The exam was successfully administered by UPSC at Forenoon on September 15, 2023. 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM, session. The UPSC Essay Paper is of 250 Marks. Candidates can check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF Link below

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Questions

The questions asked in the UPSC Essay paper 2023 have been mentioned below:

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines
Mathematics is the music of reason
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section A

Check here 4 questions of a UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section A.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section B

Check here 4 questions of a UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section B.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Detailed Discussion Question-wise

Check the Question-Wise detailed discussion on UPSC Essay Paper 2023 below:

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

Approach :

Thinking as a human nature.
Features of thinking as a GAME – connecting thinking to a game.
Game is based on competition.
Various dimensions to connect

Thesis – Thinking (like a game) begins with a competition (it can be opposite views, adversary conditions/Challenges.

Philosophical basis : Hegels idea of dialectics.

Meaning/Context:

Thinking in simple terms is a problem-solving activity.
pondering or reflecting on something.
Analysing and evaluating options
Goal-directed behaviour.
From choosing a dress to wear to solving a mathematical problem, all activities involve thinking.

Historical Examples:

Ancient : To protect from animal attacks and other dangers , humans started to live in bands–thats the basis of community/society.
Modern: Masses of Indian -sub-continent as a united against the oppressive policies of the British in the National Movement.

Examples from Different Dimensions

Individual : In day to day life of individual, its the competition that drives our thinking from simple decisions like chosing a dress to major decisions like deciding on the careers.
Societal : Ex: Social reforms in Hindu society were initiated through Arya Samaj due to the fear of westernisation and threat of conversions.
Political : Fear of opposition from rival political parties in the Parliament checks the misuse of power by the incumbent government. (or) Presence of multiple political parties and their debates during the election campaigns ignites the thinking of the common man towards the major issues.
Ex: Presence of multiple competitors in the telecom sector resulted in faster adoption of 4g technology in India.
Governance : Competitive fedaralism by NITI Aayog giving best outputs,
Environmental : Modern Environmentalism started due to the opposition to industrial revolution.
International Relations : Countries’ goal to become superpower makes them to adher to the principles of peace.
Other examples – Covid, globalization

Anti-Thesis : Thinking does not always require Competition to begin.

Thinking can also happen by chance without any goal –For ex: it can happen through curiosity–Example: Newtons’ discovery of gravity, Human discovery of fire etc.
Destructive thinking: Hitler

2. Visionary decision making happen at the intersection of intuition and logic

Decision making in everyday life – basis of human survival. E.g. Evolution of Humans from apes and role of decision making
Role of Intuition in decision making ( Navigating Ambiguity, Intuition is a source of creativity, as are innovation, Making social and interpersonal decisions, Risk assessment: Personal Values and Ethics )
Logic as assistance in decision making ( Identifying Relevant Information, Analyzing Options, Consistency, Problem Solving)
Requirement of both intuition and logic for visionary decision.
How to develop intuition and logic and balance them for visionary decision making.

Thesis: Visionary decision possible at intersection.

Examples and Arguments:

Innovation and creativity – Steve Jobs’ visionary choice to create the iPhone – result of his creative vision and intuition about what consumers needed.
Financial innovations in the form of UPI – logic made it difficult as financial transactions were already happening, but intuitive ness about its adoption was the major factor for its success.
Risk-taking: Elon Musk’s visionary choice to use SpaceX – intuition about the significance of extraterrestrial colonisation drove him to take the risk despite logic’s assertions to the contrary.
Long-Term Perspective: Mahatma Gandhi had a brilliant idea to use nonviolent resistance – while logic might have suggested a more combative strategy, his gut feeling about the long-term advantages of nonviolence and unity resulted in a historic change.
Human and societal factors: requires knowledge of societal dynamics, human behaviour, and values. E.g. A doctor may have logical medical data but also needs to consider the patient’s emotional state and unique circumstances .
Transcending Conventions: Visionary choices go against accepted beliefs and norms. Nelson Mandela’s visionary choice to seek out forgiveness and reconciliation in South Africa after the end of apartheid.

More examples –

Watson and Crick’s Discovery of DNA’s Structure.
Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin.
Alfred Wegener’s intuition about continents drifting led to the plate tectonics theory and logic through dscoveries of fossils.
Charles Darwin’s intuition about natural selection and the evolution of species led to his groundbreaking work, “On the Origin of Species.”
Franklin D. Roosevelt – The New Deal: FDR’s intuition led him to understand the desperation and suffering caused by the Great Depression. The New Deal was a well-thought-out set of policies aimed at reviving the economy through public works projects, banking reforms, and social programs.

Anti Thesis: Why intuition and logic alone are not sufficient to achieve it.

Challenges and Pitfalls: Potential challenges of relying too heavily on intuition or logic in visionary decision making.

Over Reliance on logic: Nokia’s Missed Smartphone Revolution – Over Reliance on logic can lead to a reluctance to embrace disruptive innovations. Fall of Kodak cameras.
Over Reliance on intuition: Elizabeth Holmes, the founder of Theranos, had a vision to revolutionize blood testing. Holmes ignored red flags and critical feedback, ultimately undermining the company’s credibility . Also – 2008 economic crisis, NASA’s Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986 was partially attributed to a decision made based on intuition
Importance of self-awareness in decision-makers: Balancing intuition and logic is crucial in visionary decision-making. Self-awareness is the key to achieving this balance.

How to develop intuition and logic and balancing them for visionary decision making:

Cultivate Intuition: Self-Reflection, Trust Your Gut, Embrace Creativity, Mindfulness and Meditation etc.
Develop Logical Thinking: Analytical Exercises, Data Analysis, Scenario Planning
Balancing Intuition and Logic: Collaborate, Feedback Loops, Continuous Learning

Conclusion: Visionary decision-making resulted from the harmonious interplay of intuition and logic. Intuition provided the overarching purpose and direction, while logic offered the means to translate those visionary goals into practical, achievable outcomes. – “Intuition alone can be a powerful guiding force, but logic is the tool that transforms vision into reality.”

3. Not all who wander are lost

Introduction with anecdote
Arguments on essence of wandering – Integrating examples
Counter viewpoints
Pre-conclusion – Administrative dimension – Need of balancing wandering with clarity of purpose

Introduction – Story of Siddhartha Gautama/ Columbus’ quest of exploring the unknown

The topic reflects the idea that those who may appear lost or aimless may, in fact, be on a heroic quest . This perspective challenges preconceived notions and encourages us to look beyond appearances.

Essence of Wandering

Leads to exploration – Societal level, Individual introspection (Linking this with introductory story of Gautam Buddha)
Personal growth and self-discovery (Introspection leads to critical thinking, we understand why one behaves in a certain way). Example – Philosophy of Tao
Quest for knowledge (Such deep wandering into the psyche of oneself and others may lead to gaining significant knowledge). Ex – Ferdinand Magellan discovery of the nature of Earth surface.
Creativity and innovation (Insights and knowledge acquired through wandering may lead to creativity and innovation) Thomas Alva Edison
Breaking free from conformity (Innovation/Creativity will challenge deep seated stereotypes and prejudices and in turn lead to breaking the conformity bias)
Struggling for change/reform – Cuba cost effective health care and education despite being wandering with revolutions and system of government

Embracing uncertainty/Resisting the fear of unknown

It suggests that not having a fixed destination can be liberating, allowing us to adapt to the unexpected and be open to new experiences. This is particularly relevant in a rapidly changing world where flexibility and adaptability are highly valued.

Movements for social justice – LGBTQIA+, Environment, Women Empowerment, Caste equality movements.

Counter viewpoint

Survivorship bias

Bias for those who do not get lost after wandering – but what about those who have / will lose after wandering?

Potential for Wasted Time :

Wandering without a purpose or goal can lead to a significant amount of time and resources being spent without tangible results.
In certain contexts, such as education or career planning, meandering aimlessly may result in missed opportunities or delayed achievements.

Risk of Disconnection

Individuals who prioritise aimless exploration over obligations to family, work, or community may find themselves isolated or struggling to meet their obligations.

Pre conclusion remarks – Linkage with Indian administration –

How wandering in the realm of bureaucratic rigidities led to the loss of purpose (welfare state). However, the decision to explore the path of “Digital world” has made governance citizen-centric. Balancing the wandering/exploration with clarity of purpose is paramount to achieve the dreams of AMRIT KAAL.

“Not all who wander are lost” invites us to navigate the complexities of life with an open heart and a curious mind, to embrace uncertainty and spontaneity, and to recognize that even those who appear to be wandering aimlessly may be on profound journeys of self-discovery and growth. It is an intellectual call to balance the pursuit of goals and the pursuit of wisdom, acknowledging that both are valuable and, at times, intertwined in the tapestry of human existence.

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

Idea of creativity and basis for inspiration
Creativity thrives when we uncover the extraordinary within the ordinary—finding magic in the mundane.
This drives innovation across art, science, and technology, spurring personal growth, solving everyday problems, and shaping history.
It serves as a catalyst for progress and enriches the human experience.

Anecdote for Introduction

Walking on the sand – taking a stroll on a beach, same sand – Silicon – semiconductors , Uranium – nuclear weapons/energy.

Thesis: Creativity is the spark that ignites our imagination, enabling us to see the extraordinary in the ordinary. What fuels this inexhaustible well of creativity?

It is the ability to see the extraordinary within the ordinary, to find the magical in the mundane.

It reminds us that the world is full of wonder waiting to be discovered, even in the most ordinary of circumstances.

Dimensions:

Art and Aesthetics

Vincent van Gogh’s “Starry Night.”

Artists take commonplace objects, scenes, and emotions and elevate them to the realm of the extraordinary.

Startups and small businesses
Companies like Uber and Airbnb turned everyday tasks like transportation and lodging into magical, on-demand experiences, revolutionizing their respective sectors.
The “Dabbawalas” of Mumbai , who efficiently deliver home-cooked lunches to workers across the city.
Science and Innovation
Think of Isaac Newton’s observation of an apple falling from a tree, which led to his groundbreaking insights into gravity.
Consider Iphones ( Steve Jobs) , initially designed for communication but now integral to our lives, connecting us to an expansive digital world.
Economy/Finance
UPI Payments – brining financial revolution – from McDonalds to Street vendors
Energy Security
Renewable energy – like Solar – tapping the potential of Sun
Biofuels – driving vehicles with cleaner, simple fuels
Administrative Innovation : Bureaucrats using simple /mundane solutions for fixing societal issues.
Armstrong Palme – People’s Road
Operation Sulaimani – Prashant Nair – ‘’Compassionate Kozhikode’ – hunger and food security
Problem Solving/ Challenges

Consider a chef in a bustling restaurant kitchen. They take ordinary ingredients—flour, water, and yeast—and transform them into the magical delight of freshly baked bread.

On a personal level, seeking the magical in the mundane is a pathway to self-discovery and personal growth. The daily routines and tasks of life may seem routine, but they can be opportunities for mindfulness and reflection.

Antithesis /Alternate Perspective

AI usage – killing creativity – only some will use AI for creativity but for the majority, creativity will get killed.
Specific class of intellectuals – Gramsci’s Manufacturing Consent
Circumstances for thinking – societal norms controlling mind – reducing innovation

Conclusion:

Embracing the idea that inspiration can be found in everyday experiences is crucial for fostering innovation and ensuring a brighter, more imaginative future.
As we navigate the complexities of our ever-changing world, let us remember that even the most ordinary of things can hold the spark of creativity and the potential for magic.
The magic is not just out there; it’s within us, waiting to be uncovered in the world around us.

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines

Introduction

Breaking down the first part- Girls are weighed down by restrictions
Breaking down the second part – Boys are weighed down with demands
Why such a scenario
Multidimensional Impact of these harmful disciplines – Family level, society, nation, Political, economical, etc.
Are these two disciplines equally harmful?

Countering these harmful disciplines

India, a nation heralded for its rich cultural heritage and a history spanning millennia , is also a place where gender disparities have endured for generations.
The intricate web of expectations placed upon girls, often characterised by social, familial, and cultural restrictions, can inhibit their aspirations, education, and personal freedoms.
Simultaneously, boys face the weight of societal demands that prescribe specific notions of masculinity, often emphasising stoicism, competitiveness, and emotional restraint

Girls are weighed down by restrictions

Traditional gender roles and expectations may dictate that girls should prioritise domestic responsibilities over personal aspirations, conform to rigid standards of beauty and behaviour , and shy away from traditionally male-dominated fields.
Emotional: Cannot express anger /aggressiveness–only love, empathy, care etc. are acceptable.
Family and Marriage: Patriarchy; Restrictions on choosing life partner; child birth etc.
Career: Restrictions on taking up professions like Mechanical Engineering , Combat role in Army etc. ( Gender ceiling ; Pink collared jobs etc.)
Economy: Restrictions/ non-inclusion /no independence in major financial decisions.
Consequences : These restrictions can stifle their ambitions, self-expression, and personal growth.

Boys with demands

Boys often grapple with societal demands that pressure them to conform to notions of masculinity that may not align with their authentic selves.
Emotional : Boys are not supposed to cry even in bitter conditions.
Clothes : Colours and style as set up the society Ex: Pink is almost not acceptable
Physical : Physical Strength
Relationship : Not to show equality towards spouse
Marriage: Taking Dowry
Career : Towards Engineering, Army, Police etc.
Economy: To bear the financial burden of the entire family
Culture: To carry out the legacy of family
Consequences : These demands may include suppressing emotions, pursuing aggressive behaviours, and demonstrating dominance. The pressure to meet these demands can lead to emotional repression, mental health issues, and a perpetuation of harmful stereotypes about masculinity.

Why? – Social norms, Perpetuation of stereotypes through social interactions, misinterpretation of religious texts, popular culture, cinema, etc.

Impact of these two harmful disciplines:

Limiting Personal Growth
Impeding social progress – Not conducive for national development
Non inclusive society

Are the two disciplines equally harmful or not?

Arguments in favour
Reinforces Gender stereotypes – limits individual freedom and self expression
Adversely impacts emotional well being .
Perpetuates gender inequality and disturbs social peace–Men Vs. Women debate will continue.
Limits life choices thereby repressing personal autonomy and Individual freedom
Arguments against
Biological limitations: Physical strength is a natural fact. Therefore, such limitations may not be harmful for certain segments.
Cultural limitations: To preserve the culture to bind together the families through division of work and responsibilities.
Societal Limitations: Society is not yet matured enough to accept breaking the gender roles and stereotypes.
Infrastructural Limitations: Ex: Lack of Toilets and other necessary infrastructure for women is an issue to recruit women in combat roles in the army.
More harmful to girls than boys as boys through demands at least get opportunities. However such opportunities are denied to girls due to restrictions.

Breaking barriers and building the nation – Countering the two harmful disciplines.

Conclusion:

There are examples of women breaking their restrictions. Ex- Kiran Bedi
Matrelinial societies build on breaking restrictions.
Husbands also contributing in breaking limitations. Ex – division of house work.

6. Mathematics is the ‘music of reason’

Similarity between Maths and Music
Linkage between Maths and Reason
Why Maths is considered as the ‘Music of Reason’
Way Ahead – Steps which can be taken to build Passion for Maths among young people

Similarity between Maths and Music

Similar to Music, to do mathematics is to engage in an act of

Discovery of Pythagorous
Ex Srinivisa Ramanujan contribution to pure mathematics, without any formal knowledge, which led to many discoveries.
His last notebooks just before his death caused excitement among Mathmaticians
Aryabhatta discovery of zero
to be in a state of confusion— Do not know what your creation can lead to
Newton contributions in calculus, technology of telescope etc and how it helped in Modern Physics
Recent research, in which Math models were used to gain new insight on how breast cancer metastasizes.
to be frustrated as an artist;
to be awed and overwhelmed by an almost painful beauty; to be alive, damn it.”

Linkage b/w Maths and Reason

Mathematics is often described as a discipline rooted in pure reason. While it is influenced by empirical observations and practical applications, it is ultimately built on a foundation of abstract reasoning and logical deduction.

Reason why Mathematics is considered the ‘Music of Reason’

Requires Passion

Continuous pursuit of Knowledge

Can lead to collaborations for greater good

Inculcates logical Thinking and Reason

Results in creation which stand the test of time

Provides Harmony in patterns – music of reason because it emphasized beauty of patterns, symmetry and harmony.
Mathematical concepts underpin various technological advancement.
Mathematical equation and concepts reveal the inherent order in the Universe.
Transcends cultural and linguistic barriers → Universal language Understood by scientist, engineering and Finance
International collaboration in the above field takes place.
Cultivates Problem solving skills and logical thinking → Helps tackle real world problems.
Cultivates Reason → Valuable in decision making
Forms the basis of artificial intelligence, cryptography and data science etc.
Ancient times – Jantar Mantar,
Add examples –
Economic Significance → Role played by Maths in economics finance, resource allocation etc.
for example calculus is used to determine the rate of speed required for the spaceship to successfully reach space from the Earth.
India’s achievements in space exploration, especially Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), Chandrayaan 3 mission which was celebrated for its cost-effectiveness and precision in trajectory calculations, demonstrating the role of mathematics in space endeavours.
Educational and Skill development → Provides Individuals with analytical skills and problem solving → example of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) will help develop future professionals.
Interdisciplinary Connections: Intersects with various other disciplines such as Computer Science, economics and Social Science. Thus, helps with Interdisciplinary research to provide Innovative solutions to the problems

Way Ahead – Change in culture to make Maths be seen as an artistic pursuit

Talk about why Maths should be taken as an intellectually engaged, artistic pursuits.
Take Maths as a a tool for collaboration (Similar to Music where artists collaborate example of collaboration in field of Space), persistence (similar to music work towards persistently finding new algorithms etc.), growth mindset (offer praise, nurturing the passion for Maths among student), Make students love Maths (stop the culture of hating Maths etc.)

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

Meaning/Context : A just society is one that strives to eliminate the root causes of inequality and suffering , thereby reducing the need for charitable assistance.
Idea of Justice
Historical dimension
Interplay of Justice and Charity through multiple layers of society
Significance of charity in today’s society

Historical Dimension

Concept of charity started when social justice took a backseat with caste and gender divisions–charity in fact shows the inequalities in society (where rich are able to donate to poor).

Different Dimensions of Society

Ex: Stephen Hawking’s disability did not let him to depend on charity.
Community : Historically Disadvantaged sections of Indian society like SC/STs- were ensured with social justice through affirmative action in the constitution.
Subnational level : Hilly and tribal regions are provided with special provisions in the constitution. (Fifth and Six Schedule )
Social Justice has no room for freebies in elections , farm loan waivers etc.
World : Inclusion of African Union to G20–African nations need no charity but chances for opportunities for growth.

Significance of Charity in Current Times

Historical injustices have perpetuated inequalities in the society in the form of caste class, gender , religion etc.— constitution ensures social justice to these sections– but it will take a long time to correct these (even though progress has been significant) -hence charity (from individuals. Corporates and institutions) provide support to the desired sections of population to a certain extent.
Global North vs Global South
Impact of Climate Change – Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – balancing profits with the social needs.

Conclusion : The ultimate goal of society is to reduce the need for charity.

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

Meaning of Education and significance for humans.
Role of learning: Learning is a process which results in a more or less permanent modification of behaviour as a result of practice or experience.
Distinguish between education and schooling/learning → Only positive or desirable learning contributes to the process of education while negative or undesirable learning is not considered a part of education.
The Importance of Lifelong Learning and how education inculcates this.

Meaning/Context

Education has different contextual meaning – the economist would see education as a commodity in which it is profitable for the community to invest. Sociologists would tell people that education is a socializing force, Education as a Spiritual Pursuit: According to the Upanishads, “Education is that whose end product is salvation”
Nevertheless, education is there in all of the above and each one is linked to the process of education, yet it lies above all these.
It is believed that education should prepare individuals for active participation in a democratic society.

Historical Dimension

Education is derived from – “Educare”, which refers to “to bring up’ or “to nourish”.
In India, the concept of education is traced back to the “Gurukula Parampara” which developed in ancient times.

Distinguish between education and schooling/learning

Value system/ wisdom comes from experience while learning teaches academic knowledge and information. Example – only after seeing pain, death and suffering Siddhartha became Buddha.
True education extends beyond memorization and tests, leaving a lasting imprint on an individual’s character, values, and ability to navigate the complexities of life. E.g. NEP fosters foundational learning away from rote learning.
Education exposes individuals to diverse cultures, histories, and perspectives, nurturing cultural and social awareness. This understanding promotes tolerance, inclusivity, and the ability to thrive in a globalized world.

The success of renowned entrepreneurs like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, who dropped out of college, highlights how the problem-solving skills and innovative thinking acquired in their educational journey laid the foundation for their groundbreaking careers.

The Importance of Lifelong Learning and how education inculcates this?

Adaptation to Change : In a rapidly changing world.
Personal Growth : Lifelong learning fosters personal growth and self-improvement.
Career Advancement : Lifelong learners are often more competitive in the job market.
Problem Solving : Lifelong learning enhances critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.
Cognitive Health : Continuous learning helps maintain cognitive health and may delay cognitive decline associated with aging.
Increased Confidence : Acquiring new knowledge and skills boosts self-confidence and self-esteem.
Enhanced Communication : Lifelong learning can improve communication skills, including written and verbal communication.
Social Engagement : Lifelong learners often engage in social activities related to their interests, fostering connections and a sense of belonging within communities of learners.
Innovation and Creativity : Exposure to diverse ideas and experiences through lifelong learning can inspire innovation and creativity.

Way Forward: John Dewey’s 7 principles: Experiential Learning, Child-Centered Education , Learning by Doing, Integration of Subjects, Democratic Education, Continuous Learning, Problem-Centered Curriculum, Social Interaction.

Conclusion: Aristotle advocated for a balanced education that included the cultivation of moral virtues, intellectual virtues, and practical skills. In essence, education endures as a beacon that guides individuals throughout their lives, illuminating the path toward personal growth, societal progress, and the betterment of humanity as a whole.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis FAQs

What are the rules for writing essay in upsc.

Candidates have to select a topic from each section and write about it in 1,000 to 2,000 words within the given time of three hours.

How to score good marks in essay UPSC?

Here are a few tips to help you achieve this score: - Understand the essay topic: Read the topic carefully and analyze its various dimensions. Develop a clear understanding of what the essay demands. - Plan your essay: Spend some time brainstorming and organizing your thoughts before you start writing.

Do essay questions repeat in UPSC?

Yes, UPSC does repeat its previous year's questions in the Prelims exam.

Can essay be written in bullet points?

Yes. There is no hard and fast rule; that being said, if this is for a course assignment, I would be careful about it. Some instructors might consider bullet points too informal for an essay.

What is a decent score in essay UPSC?

As the essay paper is out of 250, marks which are above 50% can be considered good, ie. 125. Marks between 110-125 is considered as average.

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UPSC IAS MAINS 2023: ESSAY PAPER

Categories Optional
Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost.
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
Mathematics is the music of reason.
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

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UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topics with Solution and Examples, Get PDF

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topic with Solution and Examples. Get Essay writing topics from UPSC Mains Shift 1 exam which was held on 15 September 2023. Evaluate your answers in UPSC Mains 2023 Exam.

Table of Contents

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Topics

With UPSC Essay Topic with Solutions and Examples will be helpful to Evaluate your answers in the UPSC Mains 2023 Exam. Get Essay writing topics from UPSC Mains exam which was held on 15 September 2023. The list of topics is as follows:

Thinking as a Game – The Role of Opposition in Shaping Ideas
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
Girls is weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands harmful disciplines
Not All Who Wander Are Lost

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topics with Solution

Every year UPSC i.e. Union Public Service Commission organizes the UPSC CSE exam across the country. This year UPSC Mains exam is being organized on 15, 16, 17, 23, and 24 September. The essay writing paper was conducted during the morning shift on September 15th. You can check all the UPSC Essay Topics From the 2023 Exam with Solution which was held on 15th September in this article. For the convenience of the students, our expert content team has provided detailed solutions to these UPSC Essay Questions.

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Pattern

A total of eight topics are given in the UPSC Mains Essay Writing paper, out of which students have to write essays on two topics. The weightage of these two questions in the exam is 250 marks. The student gets 125 maximum marks on each essay.

Essay Writing on Thinking as a Game – The Role of Opposition in Shaping Ideas

Thinking is a fundamental human activity that underpins our ability to understand, learn, and innovate. It is often described as a cognitive process involving the manipulation of mental representations. However, one intriguing perspective is to view thinking as akin to a game, where the presence of opposing forces or contrasting ideas acts as a catalyst for the development of thoughts and the evolution of human knowledge.

The Nature of Thinking

Political Thinking

Non-Alignment: Current Stance of India in G-20 Summit 2023.
The Role of Opposition in Democracy

Social Thinking

An evolving social perspective on Homo-sexuality: Navtej Johwar Singh Case, Ratan TATA initiative: Goodfellows: to utilize India demographic dividend.

Economical Thinking

UPI, betting, Fiscal consolidation (budget 2023): FRBM act, Circular Economy, 1991 Economic Policy of India.

Scientific Thinking

Geocentric theory to Heliocentric theory, Human Genome Project,

Environmental Thinking

SDG’s, Net Zero mission

Educational Thinking

New education policy, Online Universities

Historical Thinking

Ashoka Dhamma, Middle Path by Gautam Buddha, Mahabharata: Theory of Geeta.

Ethical dilemma

Environmental Impact Assessment Policy,

Geopolitics

Evolution of NATO and Russia Ukraine War, BRI: INDIA-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor.

Embracing opposition, rather than shying away from it, is the key to unlocking the full potential of our cognitive abilities and driving positive change in the world.

Essay Writing on A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

The relationship between justice and charity in society is a topic of profound significance. This essay delves into the idea that a society characterized by a greater degree of justice inherently requires less charity. Justice and charity are not competing concepts but rather two complementary pillars upon which a fair and equitable society can be built.

Introduction

“A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity,” has been stated by Ralph Nader. It highlights the interconnectedness of these two ideals and underscores the importance of addressing systemic inequalities to reduce the burden of charitable interventions. This synopsis provides a brief overview of the key arguments and insights explored in the full essay.

Justice as a Foundation

When justice prevails, it minimizes the disparities that give rise to the need for charity.
By addressing root causes such as poverty, discrimination, and social exclusion, justice acts as a proactive force that prevents individuals from falling into dire circumstances requiring charity.

Charity as a Symptom

Charity plays a vital role in providing immediate relief to those in need, it often operates as a symptom of systemic failures.
Subsidies: WTO AOA
Capitalist skill program vs. Socialist welfare program.

Systemic Injustices and Charity

Rather than doing the charity, Justice in different areas should be promoted

Gender inequality: Only 14% are women in the Parliament.
Freebies: Loan Waiver
Unemployment: Universal Basic Income

Empowerment vs. Dependency

A just society prioritizes empowerment over dependency.
In contrast, excessive reliance on charity can create a cycle of dependency, inhibiting individuals’ ability to break free from the cycle of poverty.
Nelson Mandela once said, ‘Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world’.

Governmental Role in Justice

Effective public policies that promote equitable wealth distribution, affordable healthcare, quality education, and social safety nets can significantly reduce the need for charity.
MUDRA Yojana, PM SVANIDHI, Skill India, Atal tinkering labs

Charity’s Complementary Role

While the essay emphasizes the importance of justice as a foundational principle, it does not diminish the value of charity.
Charitable organizations and initiatives continue to provide essential support and relief to marginalized communities.
However, the focus shifts from mere charity to a more comprehensive approach that combines charity with systemic change to create lasting solutions.

In conclusion, the relationship between justice and charity is one of interdependence. The quote implies that charity is a band-aid service to a bigger issue. If a society is simple, it will have the ability to offer its residents and they will not be required to count on charity. This quote is a call to action for society to concentrate on justice and fairness. It is a pointer that charity is not a long-lasting option and that justice should be the ultimate objective. A society committed to justice inherently reduces the need for charity by addressing systemic injustices, empowering individuals, and fostering self-sufficiency. Justice is the structure of a healthy society and it should be the top priority of all residents.

Essay Writing on Girls is weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands harmful disciplines

Cinema is a reflection of society, Srijit Mukherji directed the movie: Shabaash Mithu, which clearly shows the weight of women in Indian Society. Similarly, Raksha Bandhan movie: Directed by Aanand L. Rai, shows that the boys are harmed by the exceptional demands.

Gender Stereotypes

Explanation of how society often imposes rigid stereotypes on girls and boys.

Discussion of how these stereotypes shape societal expectations and behaviors.

Girls and Restrictions

Glass Ceiling Effect

Supreme Court CJI, only 11 Cabinet ministers are women: in comparison to 48% population,
Not a single woman to date became the Chief of ISRO though the renounced missions like Mission Mangal, and Chandrayaan-3 witnessed the highest participation of Women.
The USA, to date, didn’t witness a single Lady President.
Son Meta Preference, Kul Deepak,
Conspiracy against Razia Sultan
Household work by women is not calculated in the GDP

Pink collar Jobs

Low salaries
Limited scope for growth

Girls without restriction

STEM: Mission Mangal, Chandrayaan-3,

Kalpana Chawla, P.V. Sindhu, Marry Kom, Mithali Raj, Priyanka Chopra, Vineeta Singh, Kiran Bedi, Geeta Singh Phogat.

UPSC: The top 4 are women

Boys and Harmful Disciplines:

Pressure to be Successful:

UPSC: around 11 lakh people are preparing for 1000 vacancies.
Kota suicide due to societal pressure
Commercialization of the marriage system
Pressure to be emotionally Strong “Be a Man”
Career over power passion

Recap of the main points made in the essay regarding gender stereotypes and societal expectations. Due to the efforts of government like ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’, Skill India, Start-up India, Sarv Siksha Abhiyaan, etc., many sections of the society benefit from it, but there are still many challenges that need to be addressed.

Essay Writing on Not All Who Wander Are Lost

The famous phrase, “Not All Who Wander Are Lost,” originally coined by J.R.R. Tolkien in “The Lord of the Rings,” encapsulates the idea that wandering, exploring, and deviating from the beaten path can be purposeful and meaningful. This synopsis provides a concise overview of the essay’s exploration of the deeper meaning behind this phrase and its relevance to life’s journeys.

Embracing Uncertainty

Discussion of how wandering allows individuals to embrace uncertainty and unpredictability.

Exploration of how this can lead to personal growth and self-discovery.

Columbus: Invented the route to America
Thomas Alva Edison: Invention of the bulb
Marie Curie: Invented radium and polonium, and her huge contribution to finding treatments for cancer.

Creativity and Innovation

Highlighting how wandering, in the figurative sense, fosters creativity and innovation.

Examples of how some of the greatest discoveries and inventions have come from wandering minds.

Space Programmes: Discovery of water on the moon, moonquakes, Moon climate, Aditya L1, Apollo11
AI tools: Chat GPT, IOT, Meta

Spiritual and Philosophical Significance

Examination of the spiritual and philosophical significance of wandering.
Reference to how many spiritual traditions incorporate wandering or pilgrimage as a means of enlightenment.
Gautam Buddha
Vivekananda

Freedom and Individuality:

Discussion of how wandering represents freedom and individuality.

Exploration of how societal norms and expectations can stifle personal growth, making wandering an act of defiance.

Mahatma Gandhi
Nelson Mandela
Barak Obama

Balancing Purpose and Wanderlust:

Emphasis on the importance of balancing purpose and wanderlust.

Mention how setting goals and having direction can enhance the value of wandering.

Dashrath Manjhi
Neeraj Chopra

Conclusion:

Recap of the main points made in the essay about the phrase, “Not All Who Wander Are Lost.” Reiteration of the idea that wandering, when approached with mindfulness, can lead to profound personal and intellectual discoveries.

UPSC Mains Question Paper Analysis 2023

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Table of Contents

Essay (UPSC Mains) – Previous Year Questions

Thinking is like a game; it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost.
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands — two equally harmful disciplines.
Mathematics is the Music of Reason.
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

Value based / Ethical Issues

A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Philosophical

The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
You can not step twice in the same river.
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for.

Miscellaneous / Mixed

Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence. (Environment / Economics)
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world ( Literature / Socio-political-economic impacts)
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man ( History / Values / Philosophy)
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.
The real is rational and the rational is real.
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

History / Culture

History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

Science and Technology

What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
There are better practices to “best practices”. ( Multiple Themes )
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. ( Philosophy / Technology)
Life is long journey between human being and being humane.
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self.
Ships do not sink because of water around them; ships sink because of water that gets into them.
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.

Social Issues

There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless.
Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
Technology as the silent factor in international relations ( Technology / International Relation ).
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be.
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success.
Wisdom finds truth.
South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities.
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society.
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness.

Science & Technology

Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling.
Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy.
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.
A people that value its privileges above its principles lose both.
“The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values.
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life.
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it.
Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere.

Environment

Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India.

IR & Security

Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task.
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.
Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.
Social media is inherently a selfish medium Domain.
Has the Non- Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multi-polar world Domain.
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India Domain. ( Agriculture )
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India Domain.
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms.

Polity & Governance

We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws Domain.
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed.
If development is not engendered, it is endangered.
Cyberspace and internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run Domain.
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms.
Water disputes between states in federal India Domain.
Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality India.
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. ( Technology / Economy)
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare Domain. ( Technology / Economy / Social Sector)
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader.
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
Quick but steady wins the race.
Technology cannot replace manpower.
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth?
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil. ( Education / Ethics)
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. ( Morality / Economics)
With greater power comes greater responsibility.
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword.
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy?
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country?
Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India?
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth?
Are the standardized tests, good measure of academic ability or progress?
Dreams which should not let India sleep. ( Multiple themes )
Fifty Gold’s in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? ( Sports / Governance )
Be the change you want to see in others – Gandhiji
Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation.
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the well-being of a country.
Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? ( History / Culture / Growth & Development / Ethics )

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[UPSC Mains 2023] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2023

September 15, 2023

UPSC MAINS 2023 QUESTION PAPERS

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin until there is an opposite team.
Visionary decision making happens at an intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost.
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
Mathematics is the music of reason.
A society that has not justice is a society that needs less charity.
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school.

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Essay Paper 2023 , UPSC Mains Essay paper 2023 , UPSC Mains-2023: ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM 2023

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UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2023 [GS Paper I and II]

Last updated on January 14, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

upsc cse prelims 2023 question paper (General Studies Paper 1 and 2)

Union Public Service Commission conducted the Civil Services Examination (CSE) 2023 on May 28, 2022.

General Studies Paper 1 Exam Timings: 9.30 AM – 11.30 AM

General Studies Paper 2 Exam Timings: 2.30 PM – 4.30 PM

Table of Contents

Download UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2023 PDF: General Studies Paper 1

UPSC CSE Prelims 2023 Question Paper: GS Paper 1

Download UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2023 PDF: General Studies Paper 2 (CSAT)

UPSC CSE Prelims 2023 Question Paper: GS Paper 2 (CSAT)

UPSC Prelims 2023 Answer Key

Answer Key for – General Studies Paper 1
Answer Key for – General Studies Paper 2 (CSAT)

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Model Answers for UPSC Mains 2023

By vajiram & ravi.

Analysing UPSC Mains model answers is an essential and highly beneficial aspect of the preparation process. They are carefully written examples of the best possible answers to Mains exam questions, and they demonstrate the level of knowledge, analytical thinking, and writing skills that candidates are expected to have. Here are some key reasons why reading the model answers for UPSC Mains 2023 is important:

Understanding Expectations: Model answers provide a clear understanding of the level of depth, breadth, and quality of response expected by the UPSC examiners. Aspirants can gauge the standard to which their answers should aspire.
Content Enrichment : By reviewing model answers, candidates can identify gaps in their content. They can learn new information, facts, and insights that they might have missed during their preparation.
Answer Structure: Model answers demonstrate how to structure responses effectively. Candidates can learn how to introduce a topic, build arguments logically, and conclude succinctly.
Art of Conciseness: The UPSC values concise and focused responses. Analysing solved answers help candidates understand how to convey their points effectively within the word limit.
Analytical Thinking: Model answers often showcase higher-order thinking and analytical skills. Candidates can learn how to approach complex questions with depth and clarity.
Presentation Skills: Presentation matters in the UPSC Mains. Model answers can guide candidates on how to use headings, subheadings, bullet points, and diagrams effectively.
Language and Expression: Aspirants can learn how to articulate ideas clearly and coherently. Model answers offer insights into using formal language and avoiding jargon or verbosity.
Scoring Areas: By analysing solved answers, candidates can identify scoring areas within a question. This helps them allocate their time and effort wisely during the exam.

UPSC Mains Model Answers PDF

The UPSC Mains Model Answers PDF for the Civil Services Examination 2023 are an essential resource for any aspirant who wants to excel in this challenging exam. These model answers are not just solutions; they are comprehensive learning guides that can help you improve your writing skills and knowledge.

By studying the model answers, candidates can learn how to:

Decode the demands of each question and tailor their responses accordingly.
Articulate their ideas clearly and coherently in a formal style.
Use language and expression effectively to communicate complex ideas in a simple yet eloquent way.
Identify gaps in their content and use the model answers to enrich their knowledge.

Access the UPSC Model Answers PDF for the General Studies Paper- I, II, III and IV for Main Examination 2023 from the given links below:

GS Paper 1 Model Answers PDF
GS Paper 2 Model Answers PDF
GS Paper 3 Model Answers PDF
GS Paper 4 Model Answers PDF

UPSC Mains GS I to IV Detailed Analysis

Watch the following videos to look at the detailed analysis of GS papers 1 to 4 of the Mains 2023 examination. It will help candidates to understand what can be included in the answers of UPSC Mains and the approach to write detailed answers.

GS Paper 1 Detailed Analysis:

GS Paper 2 Analysis:

GS Paper 3 Analysis:

GS Paper 4 Analysis:

Solved Answers for UPSC Mains GS Paper 1

There are 20 questions asked in the GS papers in the Mains exam. Solved answers to two questions are shared below.

Explain the role of Geographical Factors towards the development of Ancient India .
What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism?
Bring about the Socio-Economic Effects of the Introduction of Railways in Different Countries of the World.
Discuss the Consequences of Climate Change on the Food Security in Tropical Countries.
Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources?
How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?
Do you think marriage as a sacrament is losing its value in modern India?
Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society.
Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialisation of children.
What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society?
What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society?
How did colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to colonial oppression?
Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas.
Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of Natural Vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rainforest regions of India.
Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India?
From being net food importer in the 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons.
Does urbanisation lead to more segregation and/or marginalisation of the poor in Indian metropolises?
Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static?
Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism.

UPSC Mains Model Answers GS Paper 2

The sample answers of UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 are shared here:

"Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy”. Comment.
Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India.
“The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.” Comment.
Compare and Contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary Sovereignty.
Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.
The crucial aspect of development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this adequacy.
Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of dominant position by the Multinational Corporations in India. Refer to the recent decisions.
e-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features?
'Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO.' In the light of the above statement, point out the role of India in mitigating the problems.
Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India.
“The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society.” Illustrate.
Explain the constitutional perspectives of Gender Justice with the help of relevant Constitutional Provisions and case laws.
Account for the legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using Article 356 by the Union Governments since mid 1990s.
Discuss the contribution of civil society groups for women’s effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislatures in India.
Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism?
Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalisation of the Indian Parliament?
“Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
Skill development programs have succeeded in increasing human resources supply to various sectors. In the context of the statement, analyze the linkages between education, skill and employment.
The expansion and strengthening of NATO and a stronger US-Europe strategic partnership works well in India.’ What is your opinion about this statement? Give reasons and examples to support your answer.
Sea is an important Component of the Cosmos’. Discuss in the light of the above statement the role of the IMO (International Maritime Organisation) in protecting the environment and enhancing maritime safety and security.

Model Answers for UPSC Mains GS Paper 3

Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard.
What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements.
How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it.
State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria.
Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in the healthcare?
Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage.
Dam failures are always catastrophic, especially on the downstream side, resulting in a colossal loss of life and property. Analyze the various causes of dam failures.
What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?
Winning of ‘Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism affected areas is an essential step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the Government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir.
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) by our adversaries across the borders to ferry arms/ammunitions, drugs, etc., is a serious threat to the internal security. Comment on the measures being taken to tackle this threat.
Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements.
Distinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment?
Explain the changes in cropping pattern in India in the context of changes in consumption pattern and marketing conditions.
What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to the farm sector in India? Discuss the issues raised by the World Trade Organization(WTO) in relation to agricultural subsidies.
The adoption of electric vehicles is rapidly growing worldwide. How do electric vehicles contribute to reducing carbon emissions and what are the key benefits they offer compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles?
What is the main task of India’s third moon mission which could not be achieved in its earlier mission? List the countries that have achieved this task. Introduce the subsystems in the spacecraft launched and explain the role of the ‘Virtual Launch Control Centre’ at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre which contributed to the successful launch from Sriharikota.
Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government of India and name a few India’s wetlands of international importance included in the Ramsar Sites.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of about one metre by AD 2100. What would be its impact in India and the other countries in the Indian Ocean region?
What are the internal security challenges being faced by India? Give out the role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies tasked to counter such threats.
Give out the major sources of terror funding in India and efforts being made to curtail these sources. In the light of this, also discuss the aim and objective of the ‘ No Money for Terror [NMFT]’ Conference recently held at New Delhi in November 2022.

Model Answers for UPSC Mains GS Paper 4

What do you understand by ‘moral integrity’ and ‘professional efficiency’ in the context of corporate governance in India? Illustrate with suitable examples.
International aid' is an accepted form of helping resource-challenged' nations, Comment on ethics in contemporary international aid. Support your answer with suitable examples.
“Corruption is the manifestation of the failure of core values in the society.” In your opinion what measures can be adopted to uplift the core values in the society?
Differentiate ‘moral intuition’ from ‘moral reasoning with suitable examples.
What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world.
Explain the term social capital. How does it enhance good governance?

UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 federalism, decentralization, 1.3 administration, 1.4 judiciary, 1.5 poverty, social justice, 1.6 indian society, culture and values, 1.7 media, tv & cinema, literature, 2.1 growth vs development, 2.2 environment vs development, 2.4 sectors of economy, 3.1 values in education, 3.2 scheme implementation, 3.3 higher education, 4.1 character, honesty, ethics, 4.2 knowledge, 4.3 compassion, 4.4 truth and reality, 4.5 youth, discipline, 4.6 towards excellence, 5.1 @national politics, 5.2 @world / quote type, 5.3 empowerment overall, 5.4 compared to men, 6.1 globalization, 6.2 international org./ bilateral, 6.3 security, 6.4 history, 7.1 science and religion, 7.2 science and education, 7.3 computer and internet, 7.4 sci-tech: others, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2023, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2022, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of essay paper in upsc, 1 india: democracy, administration, society, culture.

Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
Whither Indian democracy? -1995
How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021
How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
Need for transparency in public administration -1996
The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
Justice must reach the poor -2005
Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
Judicial activism. -1997
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।) – 2023
There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
Food security for sustainable national development -2005
Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
The composite culture of India. -1998
The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
Role of media in good governance -2008
Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कवि संसार के अनधिकृत रूप से विधायक होते हैं) – 2022

2 Economy, Development

Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर्थिक समृद्धि हासिल करने के मामले में वन सर्वोत्तम प्रतिमान होते हैं।) – 2022
Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
BPO boom in India. -2007
Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 Education

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in – school. (- शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में विधालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।)
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
What is real education? -2005
“Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमंजस के लिए मुस्कराहट ही चुनिन्दा साधन है) – 2022
Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. -2021
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
Life is a long journey between being human and being humane. (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
Wisdom finds truth -2019
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।) – 2023
Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।) – 2023
The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
Truth is lived, not taught -1996
When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता है, जब धूप खिली हुई हो) – 2022
You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसी नदी में दोबारा नहीं उतर सकते) – 2022
Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
If youth knew, if age could. -2002
Youth culture today. -1999
Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।) – 2023
Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।) – 2023
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है) – 2023
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) – 2022
Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
Useless life is an early death. -1994
Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
The pursuit of excellence. -2001

5 Women empowerment

Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021
If women ruled the world -2005
The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
National identity and patriotism -2008
Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
The masks of new imperialism. -2003
As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
The implications of globalization for India. -2000
My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
The global order: political and economic -1993
India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
Good fences make good neighbours -2009
Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
Terrorism and world peace -2005
True religion cannot be misused. -1997
History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

7 Science-Technology

Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021
Modern technological education and human values. -2002
Value-based science and education. -1999
The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021
Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
The lure of space. -2004

Section-A (write any one)

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।)
Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।)
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है)

Section-B (write any one)

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. (-लड़कियां बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएं हैं।)
Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man (इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक सिलसिला है।) – 2022
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

[Download] UPSC Mains 2023 – Essay Paper PDF – Hindi | English

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper has been conducted on the first day of the Civil Services mains Examination. The question paper of the same is out. You can download the question paper from the link given below:

Download UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. चिंतन एक तरह का खेल है, यह तब तक प्रारम्भ नहीं होता, जब तक एक विरोधी पक्ष न हो ।

2. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते हैं जब अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।

3. Not all who wander are lost. सभी भटकने वाले गुम नहीं होते हैं ।

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane. रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा लौकिकता में चमत्कार ढूँढने के प्रयास से उपजती हैं।

Section – B

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands two equally harmful disciplines. लड़कियाँ बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएँ हैं।

6. Mathematics is the music of reason. गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है ।

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है, उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school. शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।

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A. GS 1 Related

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C. GS 3 Related

D. GS 4 Related

E. Editorials

Category: HEALTH

1. The ART of India’s HIV/AIDS response

Syllabus: Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources

Mains: India’s success factor against HIV response

Introduction:

April 1, 2004, marked a pivotal moment in India’s response to HIV/AIDS with the launch of Free Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV).
This initiative has been instrumental in combating the HIV/AIDS epidemic in India, addressing challenges of fear, stigma, and limited access to treatment.

Evolution to Free ART:

Despite the emergence of antiretroviral drugs in the late 1980s and early 1990s, access remained restricted primarily to high-income countries.
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, established in 2002, advocated for universal access to HIV prevention and treatment.
By 2004, India had an estimated 5.1 million PLHIV, with only a fraction receiving ART due to high costs and limited availability.

Implementation and Impact of Free ART:

The decision to offer free ART in India was groundbreaking, expanding access to treatment for adults and later for children.
Over two decades, the number of ART centres increased from fewer than 10 to around 700, serving approximately 1.8 million PLHIV.
The initiative not only initiated treatment but also focused on maintaining low viral loads, resulting in a decline in HIV prevalence and new infections by significant margins.

Patient-Centric Approach and Ongoing Challenges:

Alongside free ART, India implemented complementary initiatives such as free diagnostic services and prevention of parent-to-child transmission.
The program exhibited flexibility by evolving ART eligibility criteria and adopting a ‘Treat All’ approach from 2017 onwards.
Despite notable achievements, challenges remain, including delayed enrollment, adherence issues leading to treatment interruptions, ensuring sustained supply and availability of ART, private sector engagement, and integration with other health programs.

Future Directions and Ambitious Targets:

India’s National AIDS Control Program Phase 5 aims to further reduce new HIV infections and AIDS-related mortalities by 2025.
Ambitious targets include ensuring 95% of PLHIV know their status, receive sustained ART, and achieve viral suppression by 2025.
Challenges such as addressing delayed enrollment, improving adherence, sustaining ART supply, private sector engagement, staff training, and integration with other health programs need to be tackled to achieve these goals.

Success Factors and Lessons Learned:

Political will, sustained funding, community engagement, and modifications in service delivery were crucial to the success of the free ART initiative.
The initiative serves as a model for delivering quality healthcare services to all, guiding other public health programs in India.
Lessons from the ART initiative can inform the launch of nationwide initiatives, such as free hepatitis C treatment, and accelerate progress towards disease elimination.

Nut Graf: India’s response to HIV/AIDS marked by the launch of Free Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in 2004, proved pivotal. Over two decades, the initiative expanded access, reduced prevalence, and set ambitious targets, offering lessons for future public health endeavours.

F. Prelims Facts

1. A record 60 traditional products from across India granted GI tag

Context: More than 60 products from various regions of India, including Banaras Thandai, have received the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) tag.

This marks the first instance of such a large number of products being granted the GI tag simultaneously, reflecting a growing recognition of India’s rich cultural heritage.
Among the recipients are six traditional crafts from Assam, such as Asharikandi terracotta craft and Bihu dhol.
Assam boasts thirteen other products, including the iconic Bodo Dokhona and Bodo Eri silk known for its association with peace.
Assam’s Chief Minister, Himanta Biswa Sarma, hailed the achievement as a significant win for the state’s heritage, noting the livelihood support these products offer to thousands.
Banaras Thandai, a cherished beverage with deep cultural roots, has also been granted the GI tag, further enhancing its cultural significance.

Significance: Other regions like Tripura and Meghalaya have also secured GI tags for their unique products, underscoring India’s diverse cultural landscape.

2. How neuroscience reshapes marketing strategies in India

Context: Elon Musk’s Neuralink implant, designed for intuitive device control via brain signals, has brought attention to the practical applications of neuroscience.

While such implants remain outliers, India is embracing neuroscience for market research and problem-solving.
By mapping brain responses, businesses gain insights into consumer behavior, aiding decisions from product design to advertising strategies.
Techniques like the Implicit Association Test delve into subconscious beliefs, offering valuable data unattainable through traditional surveys.
Despite ethical concerns about privacy and consent, neuroscience-based research is increasingly shaping business strategies.
In India, companies leverage affordable bio instruments and digital tools for insights into consumer behavior.
From understanding cultural nuances in advertising to solving complex business challenges, neuroscience offers valuable insights into human decision-making processes.

Significance: While concerns exist about potential misuse and ethical implications, the growing adoption of neuroscience heralds a future where data-driven insights inform business decisions with unprecedented precision and depth.

H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions

The Finance Commission is a permanent constitutional body established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution.
Its primary role is to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the central government and the state governments.
The Commission’s recommendations are binding on the Central Government.
All the three
None of the above

Statement I: The CWC is an independent regulatory body responsible for water resource management in India.

Statement II: The CWC monitors the hydrological data of rivers across the country.

Statement III: The CWC has the authority to grant approvals for interstate water sharing agreements

Statement I: GI tags are awarded to products with a specific geographical origin and possess a distinct quality, reputation, or characteristic attributable to that origin.

Statement II: Only agricultural products are eligible for GI tag registration.

Statement III: The registration of a GI is permanent and does not require renewal.

Which of the statements is/are correct?

I and II only
II and III only

Statement 1: It is the highest civilian award in India, awarded for exceptional service/performance in Government.

Statement 2: The nomination for Bharat Ratna can be made by any citizen of India.

Statement 3: The Bharat Ratna can be awarded only to citizen of India.

a. Department of Consumer Affairs b. Expenditure Management Commission c. Financial Stability and Development Council d. Reserve Bank of India

I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions

Discuss the role of public health policy and international collaboration in addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in India. Evaluate the impact of introducing Free Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) on the socio-economic aspects of affected communities. (10 marks 150 words) (General Studies – II, Health)
Examine the factors contributing to the acute water crisis in India. Suggest comprehensive strategies for sustainable water management to mitigate future crises. (10 Marks150 words) (General Studies – III, Environment)

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Preliminary Examination (Prelims) : Consists of two objective-type papers (General Studies and CSAT) for screening purposes.
Main Examination (Mains) : Comprises nine papers, including essay writing, four General Studies papers, two Optional papers, and two language papers.
Personality Test (Interview) : The final stage assesses the candidate’s suitability for a career in civil services.

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[ GENERAL STUDIES PAPER – 1 ] : UPSC MAINS CIVIL SERVICES IAS EXAM 2023 QUESTION PAPER

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UPSC MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER – 1 MAINS 2023

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DOWNLOAD GS – 1 QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023 [here]

Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. (Answer in 150 words) 10
What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism? (Answer in 150 words) 10
Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world. (Answer in 150 words) 10
Discuss the consequences of climate change on the food security in tropical countries. (Answer in 150 words) 10
Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? (Answer in 150 words) 10
How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world? (Answer in 150 words) 10
Why is the South-West monsoon called ‘Purvaiya’ (easterly) in Bhojpur Region? How has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the region? (Answer in 150 words) 10
Do you think marriage as a sacrament in loosing its value in Modern India? (Answer in 150 words) 10
Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian Society. (Answer in 150 words) 10
Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children. (Answer in 150 words) 10
What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society? (Answer in 250 words) 15
What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society? (Answer in 250 words) 15
How did the colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to the colonial oppression? (Answer in 250 words) 15
Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas. (Answer in 250 words) 15
Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forests regions of India. (Answer in 250 words) 15
Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India? (Answer in 250 words) 15
From being net food importer in 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons. (Answer in 250 words) 15
Does urbanization lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises? (Answer in 250 words) 15
Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static? (Answer in 250 words) 15
Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism. (Answer in 250 words) 15

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Title: the solution for the iccv 2023 1st scientific figure captioning challenge.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a solution for improving the quality of captions generated for figures in papers. We adopt the approach of summarizing the textual content in the paper to generate image captions. Throughout our study, we encounter discrepancies in the OCR information provided in the official dataset. To rectify this, we employ the PaddleOCR toolkit to extract OCR information from all images. Moreover, we observe that certain textual content in the official paper pertains to images that are not relevant for captioning, thereby introducing noise during caption generation. To mitigate this issue, we leverage LLaMA to extract image-specific information by querying the textual content based on image mentions, effectively filtering out extraneous information. Additionally, we recognize a discrepancy between the primary use of maximum likelihood estimation during text generation and the evaluation metrics such as ROUGE employed to assess the quality of generated captions. To bridge this gap, we integrate the BRIO model framework, enabling a more coherent alignment between the generation and evaluation processes. Our approach ranked first in the final test with a score of 4.49.

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Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis
UPSC conducted the Civil Service Mains exam for essay paper on 15 September 2023. The CSE mains essay paper comprises two sections. Each section contains 4 essay topics. Out of which 2 topics of choice from each section need to be picked. Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000-1200 words for each essay.
ESSAY QUESTION PAPER : UPSC Civil Services IAS Exam MAINS 2023
ESSAY QUESTION PAPER - UPSC Civil Services IAS Mains - 2023 . DOWNLOAD ESSAY QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023 [here] Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper & Solution PDFs [Download]
Welcome to our dedicated resource page for UPSC aspirants seeking the UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper in PDF format. As part of our commitment to supporting your journey to becoming a civil servant, we understand the pivotal role that accessing the right materials plays in your preparation. These UPSC Mains 2023 question papers are an invaluable ...
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This topic of "Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions) - UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023" is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination, which falls under General Studies Portion. Questions. Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000 - 1200 words each: (125×2=250 ...
Free Answer Writing Practice Question For IAS Mains Exam 2023
Sambhav-2023. All GS Paper 1 GS Paper 2 GS Paper 3 GS Paper 4 Essay Revision Tests. Essay will be uploaded on every sunday as per schedule. Be Mains Ready - A free program for everyone to help with mains 2023 preparation. Answer writing practice question for ias mains exam 2023.
UPSC Mains Question Paper and Answer Solution 2023 with Analysis
UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023. UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 has been released after the exam. Candidates can download the Question Paper PDF with the Answers for the Essay Paper, Paper-II General Studies-I, Paper-III General Studies-II, Paper-IV General Studies-III, Paper-V General Studies-IV, Paper-A Indian Language, Paper-B English, Paper-VI Optional Subject-Paper-1 and Paper-VII Optional ...
UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis, Check PDF Download Link
The Essay Paper of UPSC Mains 2023 is available in PDF format. The exam was successfully administered by UPSC at Forenoon on September 15, 2023. 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM, session. The UPSC Essay Paper is of 250 Marks. Candidates can check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF Link below.
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UPSC IFOS Notification - 2024 UPSC CSE Notification 2024. close. Home; Blogs; ... Model Essays; filter Hide Menu. Biased Media is a Real Threat to Indian Democracy. 29 Mar 2024; ... 30 Nov 2023; A Society That Has More Justice is a Society That Needs Less C... 27 Nov 2023;
Upsc Ias Mains 2023: Essay Paper
UPSC IAS MAINS 2023: ESSAY PAPER. Categories. Optional. Section A. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. Not all who wander are lost. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
UPSC Essay Paper 2023, UPSC Essay Paper Download
In this article, you can download the UPSC Mains essay paper PDF. There are a total of nine papers in the IAS mains exam. On the first day, i.e., 15 September, only one paper, the UPSC Mains essay paper was conducted. Candidates can go through the UPSC calendar for a detailed schedule of the UPSC mains 2023 exam. UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023
UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topics with Solution and Examples, Get PDF
With UPSC Essay Topic with Solutions and Examples will be helpful to Evaluate your answers in the UPSC Mains 2023 Exam. Get Essay writing topics from UPSC Mains exam which was held on 15 September 2023. The list of topics is as follows: Thinking as a Game - The Role of Opposition in Shaping Ideas. A society that has more justice is a society ...
Essay (UPSC Mains)
2021. Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. The real is rational and the rational is real. Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
[UPSC Mains 2023] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM ...
Which essay question did you attempt in UPSC Mains 2023 Essay paper [Part A] Anonymous Poll. 1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin until there is an opposite team. 2. Visionary decision making happens at an intersection of intuition and logic. 3. Not all who wander are lost. 4.
UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2023 [GS Paper I and II]
Download UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2023 (General Studies Paper 1 and Paper 2) as PDF. Read to know more about the Civil Services Examination 2023. Union Public Service Commission conducted the Civil Services Examination (CSE) 2023 on May 28, 2022. General Studies Paper 1 Exam Timings: 9.30 AM - 11.30 AM.
UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023
The UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 will help you understand the exam pattern being followed by UPSC in this year. The exam dates for the UPSC CSE Mains are 15th, 16th, 17th, 23rd and 24th September 2023. The examination was conducted in two shifts: the first shift is from 9.00 a.m. - 12.00 p.m., and the second shift is from 2.00 p.m. -5.00 p.m.The pattern of the UPSC Mains 2023 question paper ...
Model Answers for UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper I, II, III, IV
Use language and expression effectively to communicate complex ideas in a simple yet eloquent way. Identify gaps in their content and use the model answers to enrich their knowledge. Access the UPSC Model Answers PDF for the General Studies Paper- I, II, III and IV for Main Examination 2023 from the given links below: GS Paper 1 Model Answers PDF.
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2023. 1. "Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy." Comment. Judiciary, legislature and executive are the pillars of a democratic nation, sharing powers amongst themselves. In this, a judiciary free from the orders and whims of executive and legislature is of utmost importance for retaining and ...
UPSC CSE 2023 Mains Essay Paper Model Answers
The UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2023 began with an Essay paper. There were eight essay topics separated into two groups, and aspirants were supposed to write on two of them in three hours, one from each. Candidates were asked to write 1000-1200 words for each essay. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite ...
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Name of Examination: Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2023. Date of Notification. 01/02/2023. Date of Commencement of Examination. 28/05/2023. Duration of Examination. One Day. Last Date for Receipt of Applications. 21/02/2023 - 6:00pm.
[Download] UPSC Mains 2023
The Essay Paper is a crucial part of the UPSC Mains Examination. It carries 250 marks and is divided into two sections: Section A and Section B. Each section has four essay topics, and you must pick one topic from each section to write on. The time allotted is 3 hours. UPSC CSE Main exam 2023 schedule
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Study Materials and Notes for UPSC 2024 for FREE!
UPSC Free Study Material: Preparing for the UPSC exams requires access to the right resources and study materials. Fortunately, there are many free resources available that can help aspirants prepare effectively for these competitive exams. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to free UPSC study materials and notes.
[ General Studies Paper
DOWNLOAD ESSAY QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023. DOWNLOAD General Studies 2 QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023. DOWNLOAD General Studies 3 QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023 ... DOWNLOAD GS - 1 QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023 [here] Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. (Answer in 150 ...
[2403.17342] The Solution for the ICCV 2023 1st Scientific Figure
In this paper, we propose a solution for improving the quality of captions generated for figures in papers. We adopt the approach of summarizing the textual content in the paper to generate image captions. Throughout our study, we encounter discrepancies in the OCR information provided in the official dataset. To rectify this, we employ the PaddleOCR toolkit to extract OCR information from all ...
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Download VISION IAS Prelims 2024 CSAT Test 7 With Solution in Hindi PDF. This Pdf Very Useful For UPSC Prelims 2024 Exams Download And Read.. Monday, April 1, 2024 Sign in / Join; Sign in ... UPSC Mains PYQ (1979 to 2023) UPSC IAS. UPSC Exam; UPSC Result; UPSC Syllabus; UPSC Interview; Prelims. Art & Culture; CSAT; Environment;

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section A

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section B

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Detailed Discussion Question-wise

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2. Visionary decision making happen at the intersection of intuition and logic

3. Not all who wander are lost

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines

6. Mathematics is the ‘music of reason’

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

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UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topics with Solution and Examples, Get PDF

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Topics

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topics with Solution

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Pattern

Essay Writing on Thinking as a Game – The Role of Opposition in Shaping Ideas

The Nature of Thinking

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Essay Writing on Girls is weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands harmful disciplines

Essay Writing on Not All Who Wander Are Lost

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