liverpool geography case study

Case Study: Urban Change in Liverpool

An overview of liverpool.

Liverpool is a port on the north-west coast of England. It is built upon the estuary of the River Mersey and is close to Manchester.

What is the importance of Liverpool?

• Liverpool's port was a hub for trade with the United States of America and was an important shipping port in the slave trade.
• Cotton prices in England were benchmarked by the prices that were available in the market by Liverpool's port.
• Liverpool is home to Liverpool Football Club (and Everton).

Impacts of national migration on Liverpool

• Liverpool has populations with strong origins from Wales and Ireland.
• The Irish potato famine of 1845-1849 led many to sail across the Irish Sea to Liverpool.
• Liverpool is on the border of Wales, so there is also a strong Welsh contingent in Liverpool.
• In 2019, there were estimates that 3/4 of Liverpool's population had Irish heritage of some kind.

Impacts of international migration on Liverpool

• Liverpool's port has been a trading hub with the world for many years.
• People who come from Liverpool are known as Scousers and have a strong accent, distinctive to many other parts of the UK.
• The decline of the UK's physical manufacturing industries has hurt Liverpool's economic wellbeing as there are fewer physical goods to export via ship.
• International migration has helped Liverpool to end their Premier League title drought, with Mohammed Salah, Sadio Mane, and Roberto Firmino migrating from Egypt, Senegal, and Brazil to improve a weak strike force.

Opportunities Created by Urban Change in Liverpool

Liverpool's transition from a thriving port and manufacturing hub towards a tourist destination and creative industry hub has led to the following opportunities:

Social opportunities

• The migration has created more ethnic diversity and more diversity of opinion in Liverpool.
• Recreation and entertainment have improved and international migration now allows Liverpool Football Club to beat everyone, instead of losing with Daniel Sturridge and Christian Benteke playing up front.
• The Albert Dock in Liverpool has become a cultural hub, home to museums, docks, restaurants, and bars.

Economic opportunities

• Liverpool John Lennon Airport has become a transport hub for the north of England and Easyjet has lots of cheap flights flying out of the airport every day.
• Merseytravel is a single business that operates all of Liverpool's transport infrastructure, making it very convenient for customers.
• In 2018, 494,000 people lived in Liverpool and only 4.2% of people were unemployed.

Environmental opportunities

• Urban greening involves turning brown belt sites or wasteland in cities into green spaces like parks.
• The Liverpool ONE development included a brand new park in Liverpool City Centre.

Challenges Created by Urban Change in Liverpool

Liverpool's decline from a thriving port in the 1800s, to a struggling area from 1950 to a new tourist destination with creative industries has created new problems for the city.

Social and economic challenges

• As with many cities, inequality grows as the city gets larger.
• Parts of Liverpool like Croxteth and Anfield are dominated by council housing and low income residents.
• There is great inequality between people living in these areas and those living in brand new developments in the new Beetham Tower.
• People in the less advantaged areas often perform worse in school, have a lower life expectancy and are more likely to become unemployed in the future.

Environmental challenges

• In 2019, 22 green belt sites in the Wirral were protected from development. Although the projects did not go ahead, this shows the pressure to build on green belt land when a city is growing quickly.
• Newsham Park Asylum and the Liverpool Fruit Exchange are now derelict, unused buildings. However, these buildings are also opportunities for redevelopment.
• In 2014, a local newspaper report claimed that Liverpool did not have enough capacity to recycle all the relevant materials, so lots of things that could be recycled were put in landfill sites instead.

1 The Challenge of Natural Hazards

1.1 Natural Hazards

1.1.1 Types of Natural Hazards

1.1.2 Hazard Risk

1.1.3 Consequences of Natural Hazards

1.1.4 End of Topic Test - Natural Hazards

1.1.5 Exam-Style Questions - Natural Hazards

1.2 Tectonic Hazards

1.2.1 Tectonic Plates

1.2.2 Tectonic Plates & Convection Currents

1.2.3 Plate Margins

1.2.4 Volcanoes

1.2.5 Effects of Volcanoes

1.2.6 Responses to Volcanic Eruptions

1.2.7 Earthquakes

1.2.8 Earthquakes 2

1.2.9 Responses to Earthquakes

1.2.10 Case Studies: The L'Aquila & Kashmir Earthquakes

1.2.11 Earthquake Case Study: Chile 2010

1.2.12 Earthquake Case Study: Nepal 2015

1.2.13 Living with Tectonic Hazards 1

1.2.14 Living with Tectonic Hazards 2

1.2.15 End of Topic Test - Tectonic Hazards

1.2.16 Exam-Style Questions - Tectonic Hazards

1.2.17 Tectonic Hazards - Statistical Skills

1.3 Weather Hazards

1.3.1 Global Atmospheric Circulation

1.3.2 Surface Winds

1.3.3 UK Weather Hazards

1.3.4 Tropical Storms

1.3.5 Features of Tropical Storms

1.3.6 Impact of Tropical Storms 1

1.3.7 Impact of Tropical Storms 2

1.3.8 Tropical Storms Case Study: Katrina

1.3.9 Tropical Storms Case Study: Haiyan

1.3.10 UK Weather Hazards Case Study: Somerset 2014

1.3.11 End of Topic Test - Weather Hazards

1.3.12 Exam-Style Questions - Weather Hazards

1.3.13 Weather Hazards - Statistical Skills

1.4 Climate Change

1.4.1 Evidence for Climate Change

1.4.2 Causes of Climate Change

1.4.3 Effects of Climate Change

1.4.4 Managing Climate Change

1.4.5 End of Topic Test - Climate Change

1.4.6 Exam-Style Questions - Climate Change

1.4.7 Climate Change - Statistical Skills

2 The Living World

2.1 Ecosystems

2.1.1 Ecosystems

2.1.2 Ecosystem Cascades & Global Ecosystems

2.1.3 Ecosystem Case Study: Freshwater Ponds

2.2 Tropical Rainforests

2.2.1 Tropical Rainforests - Intro & Interdependence

2.2.2 Adaptations

2.2.3 Biodiversity of Tropical Rainforests

2.2.4 Deforestation

2.2.5 Case Study: Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest

2.2.6 Sustainable Management of Rainforests

2.2.7 Case Study: Malaysian Rainforest

2.2.8 End of Topic Test - Tropical Rainforests

2.2.9 Exam-Style Questions - Tropical Rainforests

2.2.10 Deforestation - Statistical Skills

2.3 Hot Deserts

2.3.1 Overview of Hot Deserts

2.3.2 Biodiversity & Adaptation to Hot Deserts

2.3.3 Case Study: Sahara Desert

2.3.4 Desertification

2.3.5 Case Study: Thar Desert

2.3.6 End of Topic Test - Hot Deserts

2.3.7 Exam-Style Questions - Hot Deserts

2.4 Tundra & Polar Environments

2.4.1 Overview of Cold Environments

2.4.2 Adaptations in Cold Environments

2.4.3 Biodiversity in Cold Environments

2.4.4 Case Study: Alaska

2.4.5 Sustainable Management

2.4.6 Case Study: Svalbard

2.4.7 End of Topic Test - Tundra & Polar Environments

2.4.8 Exam-Style Questions - Cold Environments

3 Physical Landscapes in the UK

3.1 The UK Physical Landscape

3.1.1 The UK Physical Landscape

3.2 Coastal Landscapes in the UK

3.2.1 Types of Wave

3.2.2 Weathering & Mass Movement

3.2.3 Processes of Erosion & Wave-Cut Platforms

3.2.4 Headlands, Bays, Caves, Arches & Stacks

3.2.5 Transportation

3.2.6 Deposition

3.2.7 Spits, Bars & Sand Dunes

3.2.8 Case Study: Landforms on the Dorset Coast

3.2.9 Types of Coastal Management 1

3.2.10 Types of Coastal Management 2

3.2.11 Coastal Management Case Study - Holderness

3.2.12 Coastal Management Case Study: Swanage

3.2.13 Coastal Management Case Study - Lyme Regis

3.2.14 End of Topic Test - Coastal Landscapes in the UK

3.2.15 Exam-Style Questions - Coasts

3.3 River Landscapes in the UK

3.3.1 The River Valley

3.3.2 River Valley Case Study - River Tees

3.3.3 Erosion

3.3.4 Transportation & Deposition

3.3.5 Waterfalls, Gorges & Interlocking Spurs

3.3.6 Meanders & Oxbow Lakes

3.3.7 Floodplains & Levees

3.3.8 Estuaries

3.3.9 Case Study: The River Clyde

3.3.10 River Management

3.3.11 Hard & Soft Flood Defences

3.3.12 River Management Case Study - Boscastle

3.3.13 River Management Case Study - Banbury

3.3.14 End of Topic Test - River Landscapes in the UK

3.3.15 Exam-Style Questions - Rivers

3.4 Glacial Landscapes in the UK

3.4.1 Erosion

3.4.2 Landforms Caused by Erosion

3.4.3 Landforms Caused by Transportation & Deposition

3.4.4 Snowdonia

3.4.5 Land Use in Glaciated Areas

3.4.6 Tourism in Glacial Landscapes

3.4.7 Case Study - Lake District

3.4.8 End of Topic Test - Glacial Landscapes in the UK

3.4.9 Exam-Style Questions - Glacial Landscapes

4 Urban Issues & Challenges

4.1 Urban Issues & Challenges

4.1.1 Urbanisation

4.1.2 Urbanisation Case Study: Lagos

4.1.3 Urbanisation Case Study: Rio de Janeiro

4.1.4 UK Cities

4.1.5 Case Study: Urban Regen Projects - Manchester

4.1.6 Case Study: Urban Change in Liverpool

4.1.7 Case Study: Urban Change in Bristol

4.1.8 Sustainable Urban Life

4.1.9 End of Topic Test - Urban Issues & Challenges

4.1.10 Exam-Style Questions - Urban Issues & Challenges

4.1.11 Urban Issues -Statistical Skills

5 The Changing Economic World

5.1 The Changing Economic World

5.1.1 Measuring Development

5.1.2 Classifying Countries Based on Wealth

5.1.3 The Demographic Transition Model

5.1.4 Physical & Historical Causes of Uneven Development

5.1.5 Economic Causes of Uneven Development

5.1.6 How Can We Reduce the Global Development Gap?

5.1.7 Case Study: Tourism in Kenya

5.1.8 Case Study: Tourism in Jamaica

5.1.9 Case Study: Economic Development in India

5.1.10 Case Study: Aid & Development in India

5.1.11 Case Study: Economic Development in Nigeria

5.1.12 Case Study: Aid & Development in Nigeria

5.1.13 Economic Development in the UK

5.1.14 Economic Development UK: Industry & Rural

5.1.15 Economic Development UK: Transport & North-South

5.1.16 Economic Development UK: Regional & Global

5.1.17 End of Topic Test - The Changing Economic World

5.1.18 Exam-Style Questions - The Changing Economic World

5.1.19 Changing Economic World - Statistical Skills

6 The Challenge of Resource Management

6.1 Resource Management

6.1.1 Global Distribution of Resources

6.1.2 Food in the UK

6.1.3 Water in the UK 1

6.1.4 Water in the UK 2

6.1.5 Energy in the UK

6.1.6 Resource Management - Statistical Skills

6.2.1 Areas of Food Surplus & Food Deficit

6.2.2 Food Supply & Food Insecurity

6.2.3 Increasing Food Supply

6.2.4 Case Study: Thanet Earth

6.2.5 Creating a Sustainable Food Supply

6.2.6 Case Study: Agroforestry in Mali

6.2.7 End of Topic Test - Food

6.2.8 Exam-Style Questions - Food

6.2.9 Food - Statistical Skills

6.3.1 The Global Demand for Water

6.3.2 What Affects the Availability of Water?

6.3.3 Increasing Water Supplies

6.3.4 Case Study: Water Transfer in China

6.3.5 Sustainable Water Supply

6.3.6 Case Study: Kenya's Sand Dams

6.3.7 Case Study: Lesotho Highland Water Project

6.3.8 Case Study: Wakel River Basin Project

6.3.9 Exam-Style Questions - Water

6.3.10 Water - Statistical Skills

6.4.1 Global Demand for Energy

6.4.2 Factors Affecting Energy Supply

6.4.3 Increasing Energy Supply: Renewables

6.4.4 Increasing Energy Supply: Non-Renewables

6.4.5 Carbon Footprints & Energy Conservation

6.4.6 Case Study: Rice Husks in Bihar

6.4.7 Exam-Style Questions - Energy

6.4.8 Energy - Statistical Skills

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Case Study: Urban Regen Projects - Manchester

Case Study: Urban Change in Bristol

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3. Urban Regeneration, Politics and Social Cohesion: The Liverpool Case

• Published: October 2003
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This chapter charts some of the ‘regeneration’ attempts in Liverpool in five periods: the decentralisation of people and employment in the 1950s and 1960s; the inner-city problems of the 1970s; the radical politics of the 1980s; the ‘governance by partnership’ of the 1990s; and the city's current position in the twenty-first century.

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Liverpool ONE

Format Brief City Liverpool Country UK Metro Area Liverpool Project Type Mixed Use Location Type Central Business District Land Uses Conservation Zone Entertainment Hotel Multifamily For-Sale Housing Multifamily Rental Housing Office Open space Parking Restaurant Retail Single-Family For-Sale Housing Keywords City center Downtown revitalization Pedestrian-oriented development Public-private partnership Retail-oriented development Transit-oriented development ULI Awards for Excellence 2009 Winner Waterfront Site Size 42 acres acres hectares Date Started 2004 Date Opened 2009

A brief is a short version of a case study.

One of the most ambitious and transformational city center regeneration projects in the United Kingdom and one of the largest of its kind in Europe, Liverpool ONE is a £1 billion (USD $1.7 billion), 17-hectare (42-ac), mixed-use development in Liverpool, which for years had suffered from disinvestment and decline. Located on the site of the original “pool”—the historic shipping and trading area of the city—of Liverpool, the Liverpool ONE development now boasts six distinct districts, each with a different character and design. Liverpool ONE comprises 165 retail units with over 50 percent of brands new to Liverpool across 152,500 square meters (1.6 million sf) of retail and leisure space, 3,250 square meters (34,983 sf) of offices, more than 500 residential units, two hotels, a 14-screen cinema, a two-ha (five-ac) park, a new public transportation interchange, and 3,000 parking spaces.

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Developer Grosvenor London, UK

Public Partner Liverpool City Council Liverpool, UK

Master Planner/Architect Building Design Partnership Limited Manchester, UK

Website www.liverpool-one.com

Principal Author(s) Theodore Thoerig, Alexandra Notay, David Leipziger

ULI Awards for Excellence 2009 Winner

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Get Revising

Join get revising, already a member, case study of city regeneration (liverpool).

• Created by: Zak Midwinter
• Created on: 17-04-18 21:07

Why was it necessary  

In the past, Liverpool has been a huge port (18 th and 19 th centuries), a leader of popular culture (1960s) and was badly affected by industrial decline (late 20 th century). Liverpool experienced economic as well as social deprivation along with high levels of crime and vandalism in the 1980s.

What was done?

The 19 th century former derelict Albert Dock has been revamped into shops and cafes as a tourist attraction and opened in 1988. It now attracts over 4 million visitors a year.

                The Merseyside Development Corporation reclaimed 4km 2 of derelict land by creating housing and thousands of new jobs in the city after the race riots in 1981.

                Since 2003, after being awarded the status of European Capital of Culture 2008, the city centre has been transformed with major investment. Nearly £4 billion was invested in the regeneration and the economy of the city has been boosted by £800 million additional income in 2008 alone.

The waterfront was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2004, reflecting the area’s historic importance as a trading port. The whole of the waterfront has been regenerated for a second time including, among other things, the re-building of the Museum of Liverpool Life.

                In the city centre, the RopeWalks area has developed as the centre for the city’s growing night life and creative industries since the early 1990s. During the 20 th century, the central docks and a**ociated industries declined leaving the area unattractive for many years as it has large amounts of derelict and vacant warehouses and land.

Who are the key players and stakeholders?

Much of the regeneration has been led by Liverpool Vison, an urban regeneration company. To attract the £4 billion needed for regeneration it worked with public sector stakeholders such as Liverpool City Council, English Partnerships and North West Regional Development Agency as well as companies in the private sector like JP Morgan, Peel Holdings, Barclays Wealth Management and the Grosvenor Group.

How successful has it been?

Over 15 million visitors came to the city in 2008 for the 7 000 cultural events in the year.            The number of visitors broke records at all of Liverpool’s visitor attractions and attendances increased 30% at Albert Dock venues.

                Liverpool is now better placed to be a rival to some of its competitors since places like Liverpool One (a shopping centre) have boosted its retailing allowing it to compete with shopping amenities in nearby cities like Manchester.  Also, the city attracts conferences and concerts which would have gone elsewhere due to the Liverpool Arena and Convention centre.

                The city is still able to promote its distinctive maritime and cultural character attracting more visitors by keeping its brand unique of which these tourists have made Liverpool one of the ten most visited destinations in the UK.

Liverpool Regeneration - 

5 Reasons Why…

• Development

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• Liverpool: a case study of rebranding

question and answer

Tombolos: how do they form, a case study of rebranding.

Rebranding involves both the re-imaging and the regeneration of cities. It represents an interesting new perspective on urban geography. In this article a case study of Liverpool is explored. Urban management and regeneration are topics covered by all the main exam boards.

• Volume 23, 2009/ 2010
• Changing Places/Changing Spaces Making Places/Regenerating Places or Diverse Places
• Contemporary urban environments

Robert Morris and Janet Speake

A brand is a name, image or symbol given to a product in order to promote and sell it, and branding is the process by which this takes place. A brand is more than just a logo. It includes the values we associate with particular names. What comes to mind when you think of Marks & Spencer, Virgin or Google? Changing the brand (or image) of a product is known as rebranding. Companies often alter or update their corporate images or re-launch themselves as new brands in order to remain competitive.

A flagship project is a regeneration project that is a focal point of a city and will attract visitors such as shoppers or tourists. Examples include the Liverpool One retail development in Liverpool, the Selfridges store in the Bullring in Birmingham or the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.

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Liverpool Urban Issues & Challenges Revision - AQA GCSE

Subject: Geography

Age range: 14-16

Resource type: Assessment and revision

Last updated

13 May 2022

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A revision resource that provides an overview for Liverpool Case Study Urban Issues & Challenges. It provides an excellent overview, and allows students to apply their knowledge and understanding to activities that enable students to consolidate their understanding.

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Get this resource as part of a bundle and save up to 58%

A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place.

Urban Issues and Challenges Full Unit & Revision

This bundle includes the full unit for Urban Issues and Challenges. The focus within the unit is on Rio, Liverpool and Sustainable Cities. The case studies within this bundle are easily interchangeable with what you cover. The lessons are all tailored to stretch and challenge students of all levels. The revision resources provide opportunities through a variety of activities for students to consolidate their knowledge and understanding.

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