essay what is science

Essay on Science for Students and Children

500+ words essay on science.

Essay on science: As we look back in our ancient times we see so much development in the world. The world is full of gadgets and machinery . Machinery does everything in our surroundings. How did it get possible? How did we become so modern? It was all possible with the help of science. Science has played a major role in the development of our society. Furthermore, Science has made our lives easier and carefree.

Science in our Daily Lives

As I have mentioned earlier Science has got many changes in our lives. First of all, transportation is easier now. With the help of Science it now easier to travel long distances . Moreover, the time of traveling is also reduced. Various high-speed vehicles are available these days. These vehicles have totally changed. The phase of our society. Science upgraded steam engines to electric engines. In earlier times people were traveling with cycles. But now everybody travels on motorcycles and cars. This saves time and effort. And this is all possible with the help of Science.

Secondly, Science made us reach to the moon. But we never stopped there. It also gave us a glance at Mars. This is one of the greatest achievements. This was only possible with Science. These days Scientists make many satellites . Because of which we are using high-speed Internet. These satellites revolve around the earth every day and night. Even without making us aware of it. Science is the backbone of our society. Science gave us so much in our present time. Due to this, the teacher in our schools teaches Science from an early age.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Science as a Subject

In class 1 only a student has Science as a subject. This only tells us about the importance of Science. Science taught us about Our Solar System. The Solar System consists of 9 planets and the Sun. Most Noteworthy was that it also tells us about the origin of our planet. Above all, we cannot deny that Science helps us in shaping our future. But not only it tells us about our future, but it also tells us about our past.

When the student reaches class 6, Science gets divided into three more subcategories. These subcategories were Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. First of all, Physics taught us about the machines. Physics is an interesting subject. It is a logical subject.

Furthermore, the second subject was Chemistry . Chemistry is a subject that deals with an element found inside the earth. Even more, it helps in making various products. Products like medicine and cosmetics etc. result in human benefits.

Last but not least, the subject of Biology . Biology is a subject that teaches us about our Human body. It tells us about its various parts. Furthermore, it even teaches the students about cells. Cells are present in human blood. Science is so advanced that it did let us know even that.

Leading Scientists in the field of Science

Finally, many scientists like Thomas Edison , Sir Isaac Newton were born in this world. They have done great Inventions. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. If he did not invent that we would stay in dark. Because of this Thomas Edison’s name marks in history.

Another famous Scientist was Sir Isaac Newton . Sir Isaac Newton told us about Gravity. With the help of this, we were able to discover many other theories.

In India Scientists A..P.J Abdul was there. He contributed much towards our space research and defense forces. He made many advanced missiles. These Scientists did great work and we will always remember them.

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Science Essay

Learn How to Write an A+ Science Essay

11 min read

What Is a Science Essay?

A science essay is an academic paper focusing on a scientific topic from physics, chemistry, biology, or any other scientific field.

Science essays are mostly expository. That is, they require you to explain your chosen topic in detail. However, they can also be descriptive and exploratory.

A descriptive science essay aims to describe a certain scientific phenomenon according to established knowledge.

On the other hand, the exploratory science essay requires you to go beyond the current theories and explore new interpretations.

So before you set out to write your essay, always check out the instructions given by your instructor. Whether a science essay is expository or exploratory must be clear from the start. Or, if you face any difficulty, you can take help from a science essay writer as well.

Moreover, check out this video to understand scientific writing in detail.

Now that you know what it is, let's look at the steps you need to take to write a science essay.

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How To Write a Science Essay?

Writing a science essay is not as complex as it may seem. All you need to do is follow the right steps to create an impressive piece of work that meets the assigned criteria.

Here's what you need to do:

Choose Your Topic

A good topic forms the foundation for an engaging and well-written essay. Therefore, you should ensure that you pick something interesting or relevant to your field of study.

To choose a good topic, you can brainstorm ideas relating to the subject matter. You may also find inspiration from other science essays or articles about the same topic.

Conduct Research

Once you have chosen your topic, start researching it thoroughly to develop a strong argument or discussion in your essay.

Make sure you use reliable sources and cite them properly . You should also make notes while conducting your research so that you can reference them easily when writing the essay. Or, you can get expert assistance from an essay writing service to manage your citations.

Create an Outline

A good essay outline helps to organize the ideas in your paper. It serves as a guide throughout the writing process and ensures you don’t miss out on important points.

An outline makes it easier to write a well-structured paper that flows logically. It should be detailed enough to guide you through the entire writing process.

However, your outline should be flexible, and it's sometimes better to change it along the way to improve your structure.

Start Writing

Once you have a good outline, start writing the essay by following your plan.

The first step in writing any essay is to draft it. This means putting your thoughts down on paper in a rough form without worrying about grammar or spelling mistakes.

So begin your essay by introducing the topic, then carefully explain it using evidence and examples to support your argument.

Don't worry if your first draft isn't perfect - it's just the starting point!

Proofread & Edit

After finishing your first draft, take time to proofread and edit it for grammar and spelling mistakes.

Proofreading is the process of checking for grammatical mistakes. It should be done after you have finished writing your essay.

Editing, on the other hand, involves reviewing the structure and organization of your essay and its content. It should be done before you submit your final work.

Both proofreading and editing are essential for producing a high-quality essay. Make sure to give yourself enough time to do them properly!

After revising the essay, you should format it according to the guidelines given by your instructor. This could involve using a specific font size, page margins, or citation style.

Most science essays are written in Times New Roman font with 12-point size and double spacing. The margins should be 1 inch on all sides, and the text should be justified.

In addition, you must cite your sources properly using a recognized citation style such as APA , Chicago , or Harvard . Make sure to follow the guidelines closely so that your essay looks professional.

Following these steps will help you create an informative and well-structured science essay that meets the given criteria.

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How to Structure a Science Essay?

A basic science essay structure includes an introduction, body, and conclusion.

Let's look at each of these briefly.

Introduction

Your essay introduction should introduce your topic and provide a brief overview of what you will discuss in the essay. It should also state your thesis or main argument.

For instance, a thesis statement for a science essay could be,

"The human body is capable of incredible feats, as evidenced by the many athletes who have competed in the Olympic games."

The body of your essay will contain the bulk of your argument or discussion. It should be divided into paragraphs, each discussing a different point.

For instance, imagine you were writing about sports and the human body.

Your first paragraph can discuss the physical capabilities of the human body.

The second paragraph may be about the physical benefits of competing in sports.

Similarly, in the third paragraph, you can present one or two case studies of specific athletes to support your point.

Once you have explained all your points in the body, it’s time to conclude the essay.

Your essay conclusion should summarize the main points of your essay and leave the reader with a sense of closure.

In the conclusion, you reiterate your thesis and sum up your arguments. You can also suggest implications or potential applications of the ideas discussed in the essay.

By following this structure, you will create a well-organized essay.

Check out a few example essays to see this structure in practice.

Science Essay Examples

A great way to get inspired when writing a science essay is to look at other examples of successful essays written by others.

Here are some examples that will give you an idea of how to write your essay.

Science Essay About Genetics - Science Essay Example

Environmental Science Essay Example | PDF Sample

The Science of Nanotechnology

Science, Non-Science, and Pseudo-Science

The Science Of Science Education

Science in our Daily Lives

Short Science Essay Example

Let’s take a look at a short science essay:

Want to read more essay examples? Here, you can find more science essay examples to learn from.

How to Choose the Right Science Essay Topic

Choosing the right science essay topic is a critical first step in crafting a compelling and engaging essay. Here's a concise guide on how to make this decision wisely:

Consider Your Interests: Start by reflecting on your personal interests within the realm of science. Selecting a topic that genuinely fascinates you will make the research and writing process more enjoyable and motivated.
Relevance to the Course: Ensure that your chosen topic aligns with your course or assignment requirements. Read the assignment guidelines carefully to understand the scope and focus expected by your instructor.
Current Trends and Issues: Stay updated with the latest scientific developments and trends. Opting for a topic that addresses contemporary issues not only makes your essay relevant but also demonstrates your awareness of current events in the field.
Narrow Down the Scope: Science is vast, so narrow your topic to a manageable scope. Instead of a broad subject like "Climate Change," consider a more specific angle like "The Impact of Melting Arctic Ice on Global Sea Levels."
Available Resources: Ensure that there are sufficient credible sources and research materials available for your chosen topic. A lack of resources can hinder your research efforts.
Discuss with Your Instructor: If you're uncertain about your topic choice, don't hesitate to consult your instructor or professor. They can provide valuable guidance and may even suggest specific topics based on your academic goals.

Science Essay Topics

Choosing an appropriate topic for a science essay is one of the first steps in writing a successful paper.

Here are a few science essay topics to get you started:

How space exploration affects our daily lives?
How has technology changed our understanding of medicine?
Are there ethical considerations to consider when conducting scientific research?
How does climate change affect the biodiversity of different parts of the world?
How can artificial intelligence be used in medicine?
What impact have vaccines had on global health?
What is the future of renewable energy?
How do we ensure that genetically modified organisms are safe for humans and the environment?
The influence of social media on human behavior: A social science perspective
What are the potential risks and benefits of stem cell therapy?

Important science topics can cover anything from space exploration to chemistry and biology. So you can choose any topic according to your interests!

Need more topics? We have gathered 100+ science essay topics to help you find a great topic!

Continue reading to find some tips to help you write a successful science essay.

Science Essay Writing Tips

Once you have chosen a topic and looked at examples, it's time to start writing the science essay.

Here are some key tips for a successful essay:

Research thoroughly

Make sure you do extensive research before you begin writing your paper. This will ensure that the facts and figures you include are accurate and supported by reliable sources.

Use clear language

Avoid using jargon or overly technical language when writing your essay. Plain language is easier to understand and more engaging for readers.

Referencing

Always provide references for any information you include in your essay. This will demonstrate that you acknowledge other people's work and show that the evidence you use is credible.

Make sure to follow the basic structure of an essay and organize your thoughts into clear sections. This will improve the flow and make your essay easier to read.

Ask someone to proofread

It’s also a good idea to get someone else to proofread your work as they may spot mistakes that you have missed.

These few tips will help ensure that your science essay is well-written and informative!

You've learned the steps to writing a successful science essay and looked at some examples and topics to get you started.

Make sure you thoroughly research, use clear language, structure your thoughts, and proofread your essay. With these tips, you’re sure to write a great science essay!

Do you still need expert help writing a science essay? Our science essay writing service is here to help. With our team of professional writers, you can rest assured that your essay will be written to the highest standards.

Contact our online writing service now to get started!

Also, do not forget to try our essay typer tool for quick and cost-free aid with your essays!

Betty is a freelance writer and researcher. She has a Masters in literature and enjoys providing writing services to her clients. Betty is an avid reader and loves learning new things. She has provided writing services to clients from all academic levels and related academic fields.

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What is science—and why does it matter?

by Chris Woodford . Last updated: January 4, 2022.

Q uestions, questions. Why this...? Why that...? How does this...? How come that...? If you're the sort of person who's always seeking answers, maybe you're a scientist of sorts without knowing it? Knowing , in fact, is what science is all about: the term "science" is linked to Latin words like scire ("to know") and scientia ("knowledge"), so it's the process of finding answers to how and why the world works as it does. From why the sky's blue to how your nose smells, from why boats float on water to what makes us happy or sad , you can seek answers—and enlightenment— in all kinds of ways: you can ask your friends their opinion, pray to a god, paint pictures, write songs, or meditate on a mountain, scratching your head. What makes science so different from these other ways of thinking about things—and why does it matter?

What is science?

What makes science different is that it's a very systematic way of building up knowledge. It uses logical thinking to explain why things work or how things happen based on evidence gathered through observation and experiment. Slowly and surely, science comes up with coherent explanations called theories that mesh with bigger theories to make ever more comprehensive accounts of what's going on around us. So, for example, Isaac Newton's comprehensive, "universal" theory of gravity was built on smaller theories like Galileo's observations of how falling objects hurtle toward Earth and Johannes Kepler's ideas about the planets sweeping through space, themselves based on earlier science dating back to ancient times. Newton's ideas, in turn, became part of a wider explanation of gravity, known as the general theory of relativity, which Albert Einstein put forward in the early 20th century. Science is a jigsaw puzzle, the theories are the pieces, and as different theories gradually lock together, they give us an ever-expanding picture of how our world works.

The scientific method

“ The important thing is not to stop questioning. ” Albert Einstein

Why's the sky blue? If you don't know the actual explanation, you could probably guess at all sorts of answers—and so could everyone else. If we just asked people what they thought, we could easily end up with 50 or 500 possible accounts. How do we figure out which of these is the right one?

Scientists use an approach called the scientific method . First, they observe or measure something (the sky being blue, for example) very carefully and systematically, which is known as gathering data. (When is it blue? Precisely what shade of blue? Is it ever other colors? When?) From this, they come up with a tentative, logical explanation known as a hypothesis . (It could be something like: the sky is blue because there's water in the air.) The hypothesis should suggest ways in which it can be tested, which are known as experiments . (Is the sky blue on cloudy days, when there's apparently more water in the sky, or dry days, when it's sunnier?) By carrying out experiments, a scientist can test a hypothesis to see if it's a good explanation that accounts for all the evidence.

Experiment exposing organisms to blue excitation lighting

Photo: Which of Earth's many lifeforms can survive on other planets or in space stations? It's something we need to test with experiments like this one, which looks at how different genes are turned "on" or "off" in space. Photo courtesy of NASA .

Although experiments can be quick and simple, they can also be intricate and complex. Most experiments compare a situation where we've deliberately changed something (say, doing more exercise to see if we feel better) with another situation where we haven't. That's called a controlled experiment and it allows us to see whether the thing we change makes any difference. (We can do other experiments that change other things, one at a time, and see what difference that makes instead.) Experiments that come up with mathematical results also have to prove that those results couldn't have happened purely by chance. There are ways of testing experimental data using math and if the data is better than a chance result, we say it's statistically significant .

If a hypothesis can't be tested by experiment, it's usually rejected as bad science from the start. So if your idea of why the sky is blue is that Martians got out their paint pots when you weren't looking, that's essentially untestable: there's no evidence and no obvious way of getting any, so the hypothesis is a non-starter. That doesn't mean a hypothesis has to be tested immediately: sometimes it takes quite a while to devise just the right experiment. Albert Einstein first put forward his general theory of relativity in 1915. But he had to wait four years before another physicist, Sir Arthur Eddington, was able to confirm it , with the help of a famous solar eclipse.

“ Science is a method to keep yourself from kidding yourself. ” Edwin Land

Why is evidence so important to science? Medicine is probably the best example. If you're sick, you want an effective treatment that makes you better; if you're dying, you want a cure. It's perfectly possible that quack cures will sometimes help people get better, either through pure chance or the very intriguing (and very real) placebo effect . But to come up with medical treatments that consistently improve people's lives, we need to carry out experiments and build up evidence that those treatments really do work, consistently, and in all the different groups of people who might try them; we also need to be sure they don't do more harm than good. Science stops us falling into the trap of gullibility—of believing specious ideas (things that sound right that are actually wrong). As Edwin Land, the physicist inventor of the Polaroid camera once said: "Science is a method to keep yourself from kidding yourself."

What is a theory?

If there's good evidence, a tentative and very fluid hypothesis starts to solidify into a more formal, generally accepted explanation of something, which is called a theory . In other words, a theory is a hypothesis confirmed by experimental evidence or other observations. The more and better the evidence, the stronger the theory—and the more things a theory can explain, the better it is. Importantly, evidence for a theory has to come from more than one person or group: in other words, the results of one team's work has to be replicated (repeated) by others. Theories also have to be published and discussed by the wider scientific community (usually in reputable scientific journals) in a process known as peer review , which gives other people the opportunity to spot flaws in your theory or the methods you used to test it. If any evidence contradicts a theory, the theory is either wrong or incomplete, which means a better theory is needed. Sometimes wrong theories come from bad experiments that supply incorrect data or other kinds of misleading evidence. It's important to try to disprove theories ("If we see this happening, the theory must be wrong") and not just confirm them ("If we see this happening, it agrees with our theory"), though it's a sign of a good theory if it can be properly defended against criticism.

Artwork: The Periodic Table is part of a brilliant theory that explains why different chemical elements have similar properties.

The best theories—things like the theory of evolution —have "evolved" (if you'll excuse the pun) over decades or centuries, supported by many different kinds of evidence involving thousands of experiments and studies by many different scientists from all sorts of fields. It can take a long time for an excellent theory like this to be accepted. In much the same way, wrong-headed theories will sometimes take a long time to disappear. For example, it was originally believed that Earth was the center of the universe and the Sun and planets revolved around it. Known as the geocentric theory (literally, "Earth-centered" theory), that was widely accepted in ancient times, but evidence slowly emerged that it was wrong. To get around this, early scientists could simply have thrown that theory away and come up with a totally new one. Instead, what they did was come up with increasingly tortuous fudges to account for the discrepancies. Eventually, scientists like Kepler, Galileo, and Copernicus developed a rival heliocentric theory , in which the Sun sits at the center of things, which is what people believe today. Another commonly believed explanation that lasted a very long time was the miasma theory —the idea that diseases were passed on by bad air. It persisted as a plausible explanation of disease from ancient times right up until the late 19th century, when growing evidence led to a much better explanation known as the germ theory (the idea that bacteria and viruses cause diseases).

Photo: Albert Einstein's theory of relativity wasn't just his throwaway "opinion": it was a explanation designed to account for all the facts Einstein knew about things like light, gravity, and motion. Photo courtesy of US Library of Congress .

It's important to realize that calling something "a theory" doesn't mean it's flaky, speculative, or just an opinion. The theory of evolution is supported by a huge mass of very different evidence and, though there are still gaps in our understanding of how it works, it's generally accepted as the best explanation of how the modern pattern of humans and other living creatures came to arrive on Earth. In other words, it's the best explanation for all the facts that we have. Einstein's original, "special" theory of relativity was also supported by evidence, but there were various things it couldn't explain. That was why Einstein soon developed a deeper, more comprehensive explanation in the shape of his "general" theory of relativity. This, too, has gaps and is by no means a perfect theory (for example, it's an ongoing challenge to reconcile Einstein's ideas with quantum theory, the currently favored explanation of how the atomic world works). Crucially, no scientific theory can ever be proved completely correct: someone could always come up with new evidence tomorrow that disproves it. But that doesn't mean every theory is automatically suspect. If a theory has been around a long time and it's supported by a huge body of different evidence (like the theory of evolution), we can be reasonably confident that it's right. Even so, as the heliocentric theory shows, we can never be complacent: as scientists, our minds should always be open. The key point is that science is a work in progress; it's like a vast jigsaw puzzle that will never be complete.

“ Some claim that evolution is just a theory, as if it were merely an opinion. The theory of evolution—like the theory of gravity—is a scientific fact. ” Richard Dawkins

Types of science

If science is a method —a way of building knowledge about the world—that suggests it's a kind of tool we can apply to all kinds of things. From physics and chemistry to medicine and sociology, scientific methods have been used to study every aspect of our world. Different sciences are very different from one another and range from the highly abstract, mathematical ideas of theoretical physics to the very concrete ideas of medical science, which are firmly grounded in biological observations of how our bodies work.

Three women scientists practice weightlessness by swimming in a flotation tank

Photo: Much of space science is applied physics—ordinary physics theories applied to the problems of space travel or living in microgravity. Here, three of NASA's women scientists are practicing weightlessness in a flotation tank at Marshall Space Flight Center. Photo courtesy of NASA .

Science and its rivals

The scientific method—and the fundamental importance of evidence—is the big difference between science and other ways of thinking about our place in the world, including myths, superstitions, art, religion, and things like astrology. You might be a superstitious kind of person who doesn't walk on the cracks in the pavement, but there's no evidence that walking on cracks is either bad or good for you in any way—and no obvious mechanism by which it ever might be. Myths and superstitions may be fascinating and fun, but they're not credible explanations that can compete with science.

Photo: Science tells us plants are green because of the chloroplasts inside them, which capture the Sun's energy a bit like miniature solar cells . Can religion, art, or myth explain things like this? Osiris, the ancient Egyptian god of agriculture and fertility, had green skin, hinting at a connection with vegetation, but that's hardly an explanation! Photograph courtesy of NASA .

Science versus religion?

What about religion? It's perfectly fine to have religious beliefs about why we see colors in the sky or to paint a picture that shows a rainbow forming, but art and religion are a world away from scientific explanations. They might even be based on meticulous observations, but they still lack the logical rigor of scientific theories. You might say "Well, a religious miracle is evidence for [such and such]," but that's hardly a scientific explanation. Miracles aren't testable, they're not repeatable, and they generally have other, more scientific explanations behind them. That's not to say that religion has no value; the value it has as a coherent belief system, which helps people to live morally good, spiritually enriched, happy and fulfilled lives, is very different from the value of science. You can pray, if you have lung cancer, and it could help you in all kinds of ways—but medical treatments, based on years of evidence-based research, are much more likely to cure you.

Science and art

“ To develop a complete mind: Study the science of art; Study the art of science. Learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else. ” Leonardo da Vinci

When people are studying in schools and colleges, they often think of themselves as "arty" or "sciencey," as though there's a sharp line between the two. Arts subjects are meant to be more human, creative, poetic, emotional, and romantic; sciences are considered more logical, rational, methodical, prosaic, and perhaps even a bit plodding and boring. Of course, that's all a matter of opinion: it's hard to think of anything more human than medicine, for example, which is quintessentially scientific. It's never really clear why people want to build high walls between the arts and sciences. A genius like Leonardo da Vinci obviously straddled the divide; modern artists and scientists also work on similar or overlapping problems. You could argue, for example, that, with their pursuit of cubism, artists like Cezanne, Braque, and Picasso were studying very similar problems to scientists like Einstein. Bridget Riley's op-art clearly has much in common with a branch of psychology called psychophysics (which studies how the eyes and brain perceive light, colors, and patterns). Artist Josef Albers was just as much a scientist of color as Isaac Newton or Thomas Young. Less obviously, a sculptor like Rodin was arguably just as preoccupied with gravity (in his own way) as a scientist like Galileo or Newton.

The very short story of science

How did humans come up with the idea of science? What was wrong with myths, superstitions... and all those earlier, older, and often more magically enchanting ways of explaining? Science, ultimately, turned out to be a more successful intellectual engine for powering civilization. It had better answers and more useful explanations; it soon pulled ahead of the pack. It's easy to see why with an example. In hindsight, it's clear how a growing scientific understanding of electricity and magnetism in the 18th and 19th centuries enabled the development of a superb new way of harnessing, storing, and using energy that's been revolutionizing our world ever science. By contrast, it's hard to see how mystical, mythical, religious, or superstitious ways of explaining things like static electricity , lightning, or sparks could ever have spawned such fabulously useful technologies as electric cars or computers . They might be very comforting to people, as self-contained explanations of a kind, but they offer no real value going forward.

Before science

Early civilizations had systematic knowledge—astronomy and math were their strongest suits—but they didn't have what we now regard as science. People certainly made discoveries—fire, for example—and they came up with world-beating inventions like the wheel and axle . They could see those things were effective, but they didn't understand how or why (how a fire burst to life or exactly why a wheel made it easier to push a cart). Nor did they appreciate how one discovery could couple with another to make a third that was even more useful (how a fire could be used to drive a wheel—which was the thinking behind steam engines ). Early people knew how to extract metals like gold and silver from the Earth and how to refine them, but they didn't understand the relationship between different elements or the chemistry of how they combine, which is why they got sidetracked by absurd ideas like alchemy. Knowledge, such as it existed, tended to be practical rather than theoretical and very much more fragmented.

Ancient science

Photo: Thales: the ancient Greek father of modern electrical science. Credit: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive, courtesy of Library of Congress , Prints and Photographs Division.

Science was really born in ancient times, with the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Greeks like Thales, Pythagoras, Anaximander, Aristotle, Archimedes, and Eratosthenes. Infatuated with logical reasoning and mathematics, they had both qualitative ("wordy") and quantitative ("numbery") explanations for things. The scientific foundations of physics, botany, zoology, anatomy, physiology, engineering, and medicine were all laid down in ancient times. The Romans who followed the Greeks were, by contrast, more practical and applied scientists, making huge leaps in architecture and engineering.

Dark and Golden science

“ Arabic science throughout its golden age was inextricably linked to religion; indeed, it was driven by the need of early scholars to interpret the Qur'an. ” Jim Al-Khalili

Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, scientific progress stalled in the west, in a time known as the Dark Ages, while the baton of progress passed to the Islamic world in a glorious period of science history now known as the Islamic Golden Age . Al-Khwarizmi (who gave his name to algorithms) developed algebra, Avicenna advanced medicine, Alhazen pioneered modern optics, and Al-Jazari developed ingenious machines. In the Arabic world, the best ideas from Egypt, Greece, China, India, and elsewhere fused and burned like the fuel in a modern-day rocket, before drifting back to Europe at the end of the Middle Ages. Science, in the Golden Age, helped to illuminate religion. And from then on, religious and philosophical ideas slowly started to merge with scientific ones thanks to the enlightened open minds of scholars like Peter Abelard, Thomas Aquinas, Hildegard of Bingen, and Roger Bacon.

The science revolution

True science probably began at the point where the world's best thinkers started to toss aside ancient ideas. Leonardo da Vinci blurred the boundaries between art and science, as never before or science. Another defining figure was Nicolaus Copernicus, who, as we've already seen, challenged the long-held (and religiously defended) idea that God's Earth anchored a "geocentric" Universe. Meanwhile, Belgian Andreas Vesalius published a detailed anatomical textbook superseding the ancient, out-of-date medical ideas of Galen and Avicenna. And Francis Bacon helped to formalize the scientific method.

Copernicus paved the way for Kepler and Galileo, who, in turn, opened the door for Isaac Newton and his insightful theories of gravity , motion , light , and a superb mathematical tool known as calculus (developed in parallel by German polymath Gottfried Leibniz). Meanwhile, Robert Hooke studied plants, animals, and living cells under the microscope , while William Harvey built on Vesalius's work with a pioneering theory of how blood circulates around our bodies and hugely influential ideas about magnetism. Another Robert, Robert Boyle, kick-started the systematic, experimental study of chemistry.

Artwork: Galileo Galilei—student of motion and gravity, and pioneer of telescopes. Photo courtesy of US Library of Congress .

Modern science

In physics, thanks to a steady stream of pioneers from Benjamin Franklin to Michael Faraday, the 18th and 19th centuries were the age of electricity and energy, a fusion of practical and applied ideas, science spawning technology. Over in chemistry, magical ideas like alchemy (which even Newton had toyed with) gave way to more realistic, systematic explanations based on a gradual understanding of the chemical elements as fundamental building blocks of our world. Two key figures here were Frenchman Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, who figured out the logic of how elements fused together in reactions, and Englishman John Dalton, who sketched out the beginnings of our modern atomic theory (the idea that everything is ultimately made of atoms). Their ideas would help Dmitri Mendeleev to figure out how elements related to one another in a theoretical diagram he drew up known as the Periodic Table. Meanwhile in biology, a Swedish botanist named Carl Linnaeus studied the similarities and differences between plants and animals and worked out a neat, hierarchical system of classifying species that we still use to this day. A little later, Gregor Mendel pioneered genetics (the idea that plants and animals inherit important characteristics from their parents). The work of Linnaeus and Mendel held the door wide for Charles Darwin and his life-explaining theory of evolution by "natural selection."

These seeds of modern biology spawned amazing new advances in the 20th century, most notably with Francis Crick and James Watson's discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953, and Frederick Sanger's pioneering work on DNA sequencing. But the 20th century saw many other huge advances, from Einstein's world-bending theory of relativity to Edwin Hubble's idea of the ever-expanding universe. The biggest, most revolutionary advances arguably came with a much deeper understanding of the atomic theory, with discovery piled upon discovery by such brilliant physicists as Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi, Richard Feynman, and many others. Practical spin-offs of this work included everything from nuclear power plants to superconductors and supercomputers .

The power of science

Photo: Not all famous scientists are "dead white guys." African-American scientist George Washington Carver (1864?–1943) was a pioneer of 20th-century biotechnology. Born to parents who were slaves in Missouri, he discovered that he loved learning and worked hard to educate himself. Photo courtesy of US Library of Congress .

And this is how the story of science moves forward. Each theory builds on older theories, adjusts them, improves them, or kicks them entirely aside. Theories interlock with other theories, making bigger, better, and more comprehensive explanations. We learn more and more about the world and our place in it, how to solve pressing problems, how to do things better, quicker, or in less environmentally destructive ways. Time moves on, the world moves with it. But thanks to the power of science, humans always move forward , to a better place.

If you liked this article...

Find out more, on this website.

Great experiments in physics
Inventors and inventions

On other sites

STEM Learning : A great collection of STEM resources, mostly geared to teachers and community groups.
Youth Science Centre : Inspiring science students in the United States for several decades!
Is It A Theory? Is It A Law? No, It's A Fact. by Richard Dawkins. RichardDawkins.net, November 30, 2015. Does calling something a "theory" mean it's no better than someone's opinion?

For older readers

The Science Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained by DK, 2014. A concise, chronological account of the great science theories. Good for dipping in and out of, but a little short on detail.
Scientists Who Changed History by DK, 2019. A colorful and entertaining collection of short biographies. (I was the consultant editor on this book.)
Bad Science by Ben Goldacre. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010. An entertaining account of how science should be used and how it can be misused.
The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution by Richard Dawkins, Simon and Schuster, 2009. A book about evidence-based science, using evolution as its example.
Great Experiments in Physics edited by Morris Shamos. Dover, 1987. A great compilation of some of the best physics experiments of all time, as described by the scientists who devised them.

For younger readers

100 Scientists Who Made History by Andrea Mills, DK, 2018. Described as "ages 9–12," though I'd put it in the lower part of that range.
Born Curious: 20 Girls Who Grew Up to Be Awesome Scientists by Martha Freeman, Simon and Schuster, 2020. Ages 7–12. An inspiring book for any would-be female scientists in your family.

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School Education /

Essay on Science: Sample for Students in 100,200 Words

Updated on
Oct 28, 2023

Science, the relentless pursuit of knowledge and understanding, has ignited the flames of human progress for centuries. It’s a beacon guiding us through the uncharted realms of the universe, unlocking secrets that shape our world. In this blog, we embark on an exhilarating journey through the wonders of science. We’ll explore the essence of science and its profound impact on our lives. With this we will also provide you with sample essay on science in 100 and 200 words.

Must Read: Essay On Internet

What Is Science?

Science is a systematic pursuit of knowledge about the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis. It aims to understand the underlying principles governing the universe, from the smallest particles to the vast cosmos. Science plays a crucial role in advancing technology, improving our understanding of life and the environment, and driving innovation for a better future.

Branches Of Science

The major branches of science can be categorized into the following:

Physical Science: This includes physics and chemistry, which study the fundamental properties of matter and energy.
Biological Science : Also known as life sciences, it encompasses biology, genetics, and ecology, focusing on living organisms and their interactions.
Earth Science: Geology, meteorology, and oceanography fall under this category, investigating the Earth’s processes, climate, and natural resources.
Astronomy : The study of celestial objects, space, and the universe, including astrophysics and cosmology.
Environmental Science : Concentrating on environmental issues, it combines aspects of biology, chemistry, and Earth science to address concerns like climate change and conservation.
Social Sciences : This diverse field covers anthropology, psychology, sociology, and economics, examining human behavior, society, and culture.
Computer Science : Focused on algorithms, data structures, and computing technology, it drives advancements in information technology.
Mathematics : A foundational discipline, it underpins all sciences, providing the language and tools for scientific analysis and modeling.

Wonders Of Science

Science has numerous applications that profoundly impact our lives and society: Major applications of science are stated below:

Medicine: Scientific research leads to the development of vaccines, medicines, and medical technologies, improving healthcare and saving lives.
Technology: Science drives technological innovations, from smartphones to space exploration.
Energy: Advances in physics and chemistry enable the development of renewable energy sources, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Agriculture: Biology and genetics improve crop yields, while chemistry produces fertilizers and pesticides.
Environmental Conservation : Scientific understanding informs efforts to protect ecosystems and combat climate change.
Transportation : Physics and engineering create efficient and sustainable transportation systems.
Communication : Physics and computer science underpin global communication networks.
Space Exploration : Astronomy and physics facilitate space missions, expanding our understanding of the cosmos.

Must Read: Essay On Scientific Discoveries

Sample Essay On Science in 100 words

Science, the bedrock of human progress, unveils the mysteries of our universe through empirical investigation and reason. Its profound impact permeates every facet of modern life. In medicine, it saves countless lives with breakthroughs in treatments and vaccines. Technology, a child of science, empowers communication and innovation. Agriculture evolves with scientific methods, ensuring food security. Environmental science guides conservation efforts, preserving our planet. Space exploration fuels dreams of interstellar travel.

Yet, science requires responsibility, as unchecked advancement can harm nature and society. Ethical dilemmas arise, necessitating careful consideration. Science, a double-edged sword, holds the potential for both salvation and destruction, making it imperative to harness its power wisely for the betterment of humanity.

Sample Essay On Science in 250 words

Science, often regarded as humanity’s greatest intellectual endeavor, plays an indispensable role in shaping our world and advancing our civilization.

At its core, science is a methodical pursuit of knowledge about the natural world. Through systematic observation, experimentation, and analysis, it seeks to uncover the underlying principles that govern our universe. This process has yielded profound insights into the workings of the cosmos, from the subatomic realm to the vastness of space.

One of the most remarkable contributions of science is to the field of medicine. Through relentless research and experimentation, scientists have discovered vaccines, antibiotics, and groundbreaking treatments for diseases that once claimed countless lives.

Furthermore, science has driven technological advancements that have reshaped society. The rapid progress in computing, for instance, has revolutionized communication, industry, and research. From the ubiquitous smartphones in our pockets to the complex algorithms that power our digital lives, science, and technology are inseparable partners in progress.

Environmental conservation is another critical arena where science is a guiding light. Climate change, a global challenge, is addressed through rigorous scientific study and the development of sustainable practices. Science empowers us to understand the impact of human activities on our planet and to make informed decisions to protect it.

In conclusion, science is not just a field of study; it is a driving force behind human progress. As we continue to explore the frontiers of knowledge, science will remain the beacon guiding us toward a brighter future.

Science is a boon due to innovations, medical advancements, and a deeper understanding of nature, improving human lives exponentially.

Galileo Galilei is known as the Father of Science.

Science can’t address questions about personal beliefs, emotions, ethics, or matters of subjective experience beyond empirical observation and measurement.

We hope this blog gave you an idea about how to write and present an essay on science that puts forth your opinions. The skill of writing an essay comes in handy when appearing for standardized language tests. Thinking of taking one soon? Leverage Edu provides the best online test prep for the same via Leverage Live . Register today to know more!

Amisha Khushara

With a heart full of passion for writing, I pour my emotions into every piece I create. I strive to connect with readers on a personal level, infusing my work with authenticity and relatability. Writing isn't just a skill; it's my heartfelt expression to touch hearts and minds.

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Essays About Science: Top 12 Examples and Prompts

Science can explain almost every aspect of our lives; if you want to write essays about science, start by reading our guide.

The word “science” comes from the Latin word Scientia or “knowledge,” It does indeed leave us with no shortage of knowledge as it advances to extraordinary levels. It is present in almost every aspect of our lives, allowing us to live the way we do today and helping us improve society.

In the 21st century, we see science everywhere. It has given us the technology we deem “essential” today, from our mobile phones to air conditioning units to lightbulbs and refrigerators. Yet, it has also allowed us to learn so much about the unknown, such as the endless vacuum of space and the ocean’s mysterious depths. It is, without a doubt, a vehicle for humanity to obtain knowledge and use this knowledge to flourish.

To start writing essays about science, look at some of our featured essay examples below.

1. The challenging environment for science in the 21st century by Nithaya Chetty

2. disadvantages of science by ella gray, 3. reflections from a nobel winner: scientists need time to make discoveries by donna strickland.

4. The fact of cloning by Cesar Hill

5. T. Rex Like You Haven’t Seen Him: With Feathers by Jason Farago

6. common, cheap ingredients can break down some ‘forever chemicals’ by jude coleman, 1. what is science, 2. a noteworthy scientist, 3. why is it important to study science, 4. are robots a net positive for society, 5. types of sciences, 6. science’s role in warfare.

“Open-ended, unfettered science in its purest form has, over the centuries, been pursued in the interests of understanding nature in a fundamental way, and long may that continue. Scientific ideas and discoveries have often been very successfully exploited for commercial gain and societal improvements, and much of the science system today the world over is designed to push scientists in the direction of more relevance.”

For South Africa to prosper, Chetty encourages cooperation and innovation among scientists. He discusses several problems the country faces, including the politicization of research, a weak economy, and misuse of scientific discoveries. These challenges, he believes, can be overcome if the nation works as one and with the international community and if the education system is improved.

“Technology can make people lazy. Many people are already dependent and embrace this technology. Like students playing computer games instead of going to school or study. Technology also brings us privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming public knowledge and making profit out of video scandals.”

Gray discusses the adverse effects technology, a science product, has had on human life and society. These include pollution, the inability to communicate properly, and laziness.

She also acknowledges that technology has made life easier for almost everyone but believes that technology, as it is used now, is detrimental; more responsible use of technology is ideal.

“We must give scientists the opportunity through funding and time to pursue curiosity-based, long-term, basic-science research. Work that does not have direct ramifications for industry or our economy is also worthy. There’s no telling what can come from supporting a curious mind trying to discover something new.”

Strickland, a Nobel Prize winner, explains that a great scientific discovery can only come with ample time for scientists to research, using her work as an example. She describes her work on chirped pulse amplification and its possible applications, including removing brain tumors. Her Nobel-awarded work was done over a long time, and scientists must be afforded ample time and funding to make breakthroughs like hers.

4. The fact of cloning by Cesar Hill

“Any research into human cloning would eventually need to be tested on humans. Cloning might be used to create a “perfect human”. Cloning might have a detrimental effect family relationship. However the debate over cloning has more pros out weighting the cons, giving us a over site of the many advantages cloning has and the effects of it as well. Cloning has many ups and downs nevertheless there are many different ways in which it can be used to adapt and analyse new ways of medicine.”

Hill details both the pros and cons of cloning. It can be used for medical purposes and help us understand genetics more, perhaps even allowing us to prevent genetic diseases in children. However, it is expensive, and many oppose it on religious grounds. Regardless, Hill believes that the process has more advantages than disadvantages and is a net good.

“For the kids who will throng this new exhibition, and who will adore this show’s colorful animations and fossilized dino poop, T. rex may still appear to be a thrilling monster. But staring in the eyes of the feather-flecked annihilators here, adults may have a more uncanny feeling of identification with the beasts at the pinnacle of the food chain. You can be a killer of unprecedented savagery, but the climate always takes the coup de grâce.”

In his essay, Farago reviews an exhibition on the Tyrannosaurus Rex involving an important scientific discovery: it was a feathered dinosaur. He details the different displays in the exhibition, including models of other dinosaurs that helped scientists realize that the T-Rex had feathers.

“Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals, Dichtel’s team said. And more research is needed: There are other classes of PFAS that require their own solutions. This process wouldn’t work to tackle PFAS out in the environment, because it requires a concentrated amount of the chemicals. But it could one day be used in wastewater treatment plants, where the pollutants could be filtered out of the water, concentrated and then broken down.”

Coleman explains a discovery by which scientists were able to break down a perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance, a “forever chemical” dangerous to the environment. He explains how they could break the chemical bond and turn the “forever chemical” into something harmless. This is important because pollution can be reduced significantly, particularly in the water.

Writing Prompts on Essays about Science

“Science” is quite a broad term and encompasses many concepts and definitions. Define science, explain what it involves and how we can use it, and give examples of how it is present in the world. If you want, you can also briefly discuss what science means to you personally.

Many individuals have made remarkable scientific discoveries, contributing to the wealth of knowledge we have acquired through science. For your essay, choose one scientist you feel has made a noteworthy contribution to their field. Then, give a brief background on the scientists and explain the discovery or invention that makes them essential.

Consider what it means to study science: how is it relevant now? What lessons can we learn from science? Then, examine the presence of science in today’s world and write about the importance of science in our day-to-day lives- be sure to give examples to support your points. Finally, in your essay, be sure to keep in mind the times we are living in today.

Essays about science: Are robots a net positive for society

When we think of science, robots are often one of the first things that come to mind. However, there is much to discuss regarding safety, especially artificial intelligence. Discuss the pros and cons of robots and AI, then conclude whether or not the benefits outweigh the disadvantages. Finally, provide adequate evidence to reinforce your argument and explain it in detail.

From biology to chemistry to physics, science has many branches, each dealing with different aspects of the world and universe. Choose one branch of science and then explain what it is, define basic concepts under this science, and give examples of how it is applied: Are any inventions requiring it? How about something we know today thanks to scientific discovery? Answer these questions in your own words for a compelling essay.

Undoubtedly, technology developed using science has had devastating effects, from nuclear weapons to self-flying fighter jets to deadly new guns and tanks. Examine scientific developments’ role in the war: Do they make it more brutal? Or do they reduce the casualties? Make sure to conduct ample research before writing your essay; this topic is debatable.

For help with your essays, check out our round-up of the best essay checkers .

If you’re looking for inspiration, check out our round-up of essay topics about nature .

Martin is an avid writer specializing in editing and proofreading. He also enjoys literary analysis and writing about food and travel.

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How to Write a Scientific Essay

When writing any essay it’s important to always keep the end goal in mind. You want to produce a document that is detailed, factual, about the subject matter and most importantly to the point.

Writing scientific essays will always be slightly different to when you write an essay for say English Literature . You need to be more analytical and precise when answering your questions. To help achieve this, you need to keep three golden rules in mind.

Analysing the question, so that you know exactly what you have to do

Planning your answer

Writing the essay

Now, let’s look at these steps in more detail to help you fully understand how to apply the three golden rules.

Analysing the question

Start by looking at the instruction. Essays need to be written out in continuous prose. You shouldn’t be using bullet points or writing in note form.
If it helps to make a particular point, however, you can use a diagram providing it is relevant and adequately explained.
Look at the topic you are required to write about. The wording of the essay title tells you what you should confine your answer to – there is no place for interesting facts about other areas.

The next step is to plan your answer. What we are going to try to do is show you how to produce an effective plan in a very short time. You need a framework to show your knowledge otherwise it is too easy to concentrate on only a few aspects.

For example, when writing an essay on biology we can divide the topic up in a number of different ways. So, if you have to answer a question like ‘Outline the main properties of life and system reproduction’

The steps for planning are simple. Firstly, define the main terms within the question that need to be addressed. Then list the properties asked for and lastly, roughly assess how many words of your word count you are going to allocate to each term.

Writing the Essay

The final step (you’re almost there), now you have your plan in place for the essay, it’s time to get it all down in black and white. Follow your plan for answering the question, making sure you stick to the word count, check your spelling and grammar and give credit where credit’s (always reference your sources).

How Tutors Breakdown Essays

An exceptional essay

reflects the detail that could be expected from a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of relevant parts of the specification
is free from fundamental errors
maintains appropriate depth and accuracy throughout
includes two or more paragraphs of material that indicates greater depth or breadth of study

A good essay

An average essay

contains a significant amount of material that reflects the detail that could be expected from a knowledge and understanding of relevant parts of the specification.

In practice this will amount to about half the essay.

is likely to reflect limited knowledge of some areas and to be patchy in quality
demonstrates a good understanding of basic principles with some errors and evidence of misunderstanding

A poor essay

contains much material which is below the level expected of a candidate who has completed the course
Contains fundamental errors reflecting a poor grasp of basic principles and concepts

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Essay on Science in English: Check 200, 300 & 500 Words Essay

Science is the study of logic. It explains why the world is round, why stars twinkle, why light travels faster than sound, why hawks soar higher than crows, why sunflowers face the sun and other phenomena. Science answers every question logically rather than offering mystical interpretations. Students are very interested in science as a topic. This subject is indeed crucial for those hoping to pursue careers in science and related professions.

People who are knowledgeable in science are more self-assured and aware of their environment. Knowing the cause and origin of natural events, a person knowledgeable in science will not be afraid of them.

However, science also has a big impact on a country’s technological advancement and illiteracy.

Table of Content

English-language Long and Short Science Essay

Essay on science (200 words), essay on science (300 words), essay on science (400 words), essay on science (500 words), essay on science (600 words).

We have included a brief and lengthy English essay on science below for your knowledge and convenience. The writings have been thoughtfully crafted to impart to you the relevance and meaning of science. You will understand what science is, why it matters in daily life, and how it advances national progress after reading the writings. These science essays can be used for essay writing, debate, and other related activities at your institution or school.

Science entails a thorough examination of the behavior of the physical and natural world. Research, experimentation, and observation are used in the study.

The scientific disciplines are diverse. The social sciences, formal sciences, and natural sciences are some of them. Subcategories and sub-sub-categories have been created from these basic categories. The natural sciences include physics, chemistry, biology, earth science, and astronomy; the social sciences include history, geography, economics, political science, sociology, psychology, social studies, and anthropology; and the formal sciences include computer science, logic, statistics, decision theory, and mathematics.

The world has positively transformed because of science. Throughout history, science has produced several inventions that have improved human convenience. We cannot fathom our lives without several of these inventions since they have become essential parts of them.

Global scientists persist in their experiments and occasionally produce more advanced innovations, some of which spark global revolutions. Even if science is helpful, some people have abused knowledge, usually those in positions of authority, to drive an arms race and destroy the environment.

There is no common ground between the ideologies of science and religion. These seeming opposite viewpoints have historically led to a number of confrontations and still do.

Science is a way to learn about, comprehend, examine, and experiment with the physical and natural features of the world in order to apply it to the development of newer technologies that improve human convenience. In science, observation and experimentation are broad and not restricted to a specific concept or area of study.

Applications of Science

Science has given us almost everything we use on a daily basis. Everything, from laptops to washing machines, microwaves to cell phones, and refrigerators to cars, is the result of scientific experimentation. Here are some ways that science affects our daily lives:

Not only are refrigerators, grills, and microwaves examples of scientific inventions, but gas stoves, which are frequently used for food preparation, are as well.

Medical Interventions

Scientific advancements have made it feasible to treat a number of illnesses and conditions. Thus, science encourages healthy living and has helped people live longer.

Interaction

These days, mobile phones and internet connections are necessities in our life and were all made possible by scientific advancements. These innovations have lowered barriers to communication and widened global connections.

E nergy Source

The creation and application of numerous energy forms have been facilitated by the discovery of atomic energy. One of its greatest innovations is electricity, and everyone is aware of the effects it has on daily life.

Variety in Cuisine

There has also been an increase in food diversity. These days, a wide variety of fruits and vegetables are available year-round. It’s not necessary to wait for a given season to enjoy a certain meal. This modification is the result of scientific experimentation.

So, science is a part of our daily existence. Without scientific advancements, our lives would have been considerably more challenging and varied. Nonetheless, we cannot ignore the fact that a great deal of scientific innovation has contributed to environmental deterioration and a host of health issues for humankind.

There are essentially three main disciplines of science. The Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Formal Sciences are some of them. To examine different aspects, these branches are further divided into subcategories. This is a thorough examination of these groups and their subgroups.

Scientific Subdisciplines

Natural Science

This is the study of natural phenomena, as the name implies. It investigates how the cosmos and the world function. Physical science and life science are subcategories of natural science.

a) Science of Physics

The subcategories of physical science comprise the following:

Physics is the study of matter’s and energy’s properties.
Chemistry is the study of the materials that make up matter.
The study of space and celestial bodies is called astronomy.
Ecology is the study of how living things interact with their natural environments and with one another.
Geology: It studies the composition and physical makeup of Earth.
Earth science is the study of the atmosphere and the physical makeup of the planet.
The study of the physical and biological components and phenomena of the ocean is known as oceanography.
Meteorology: It studies the atmospheric processes.

The subcategories of life science include the following:

The study of living things is called biology.
The study of plants is known as botany.
The study of animals is known as zoology.

c) Social Science

This includes examining social patterns and behavioral patterns in people. It is broken down into more than one subcategory. Among them are:

History: The examination of past occurrences
Political science is the study of political processes and governmental structures.
Geographic: Study of the atmospheric and physical characteristics of Earth.
Human society is studied in social studies.
Sociology: The study of how societies form and operate.

Academic Sciences

It is the area of study that examines formal systems like logic and mathematics. It encompasses the subsequent subcategories:

Numbers are studied in mathematics.
Reasoning is the subject of logic.
Statistics: It is the study of numerical data analysis.
Mathematical analysis of decision-making in relation to profit and loss is known as decision theory.
The study of abstract organization is known as systems theory.
Computer science is the study of engineering and experimentation as a foundation for computer design and use.

Scientists from several fields have been doing in-depth research and testing numerous facets of the subject matter in order to generate novel ideas, innovations, and breakthroughs. Although these discoveries and technologies have made life easier for us, they have also permanently harmed both the environment and living things.

Introduction

Science is the study of various physical and natural phenomena’ structures and behaviors. Before drawing any conclusions, scientists investigate these factors, make extensive observations, and conduct experiments. In the past, science has produced a number of inventions and discoveries that have been beneficial to humanity.

I deas in Religion and Science

In science, new ideas and technologies are developed through a methodical and rational process; in religion, however, beliefs and faith are the only factors considered. In science, conclusions are reached by careful observation, analysis, and experimentation; in religion, however, conclusions are rarely reached through reason. As a result, they have very different perspectives on things.

Science and Religion at Odds

Because science and religion hold different opinions on many issues, they are frequently perceived as being at odds. Unfortunately, these disputes occasionally cause social unrest and innocent people to suffer. These are a few of the most significant disputes that have happened.

The World’s Creation

The world was formed in six days, according to many conservative Christians, sometime between 4004 and 8000 BCE. However, cosmologists assert that the Earth originated about 4.5 billion years ago and that the cosmos may be as old as 13.7 billion years.

The Earth as the Universe’s Center

Among the most well-known clashes is this one. Earth was considered to be the center of the universe by the Roman Catholic Church. They say that it is surrounded by the Sun, Moon, stars, and other planets. Famous Italian mathematician and astronomer Galileo Galilei’s discovery of the heliocentric system—in which the Sun is at the center of the solar system and the Earth and other planets orbit it—led to the conflict.

Eclipses of the Sun and Moon

Iraq was the scene of one of the first wars. The locals were informed by the priests that the moon eclipse was caused by the gods’ restlessness. These were seen as foreboding and intended to overthrow the kings. When the local astronomers proposed a scientific explanation for the eclipse, a disagreement arose.

There are still many myths and superstitions concerning solar and lunar eclipses around the world, despite astronomers providing a compelling and rational explanation for their occurrence.

In addition to these, there are a number of other fields in which religious supporters and scientists hold divergent opinions. While scientists, astronomers, and biologists have evidence to support their claims, the majority of people adhere closely to religious beliefs.

Not only do religious activists frequently oppose scientific methods and ideas, but many other facets of society have also taken issue with science since its discoveries are leading to a host of social, political, environmental, and health problems. Nuclear weapons are one example of a scientific invention that threatens humanity. In addition, the processes involved in preparation and the utilization of the majority of scientifically created equipment contribute to pollution, making life more difficult for all.

In the previous few decades, a number of scientific advancements and discoveries have greatly eased people’s lives. The previous ten years were not an anomaly. A good number of important scientific discoveries were acknowledged. The top ten most amazing recent scientific inventions are shown below.

New Developments and Findings in Science

Amputee Gains Control of Biomechanical Hand via Mental After a tragic accident took away his forearm, Pierpaolo Petruzziello, an Italian, used his mind to control a biomechanical hand attached to his arm. The hand used wires and electrodes to connect to the nerves in his arm. He became the first to become skilled at doing motions like gripping objects, wriggling his fingers, and moving.

The Global Positioning System

In 2005, the Global Positioning System, or GPS as it is more often known, went into commercial use. It was incorporated into mobile devices and worked wonders for tourists all over the world. Traveling to more recent locations and needing instructions couldn’t be simpler.

The Self-Driving Car Toyota debuted Prius shortly after Google launched its own self-driving car experiment in 2008. The accelerator, steering wheel, and brake pedals are absent from this vehicle. It runs without the need for user input because it is driven by an electric motor. To guarantee that the driverless experience is seamless and secure, it is integrated with specialized software, a collection of sensors, and precise digital maps.

Android, widely regarded as one of the most significant innovations of the decade, revolutionized the market by flooding it with devices running Java and Symbian earlier on. These days, Android is the operating system used by the majority of smartphones. Millions of applications are supported by it.

c) Computer Vision

A number of sub-domains fall under the umbrella of computer vision, including learning, video tracking, object recognition, object pose estimation, event detection, indexing, picture restoration, and scene reconstruction. In order to produce symbolic information, the field includes methods for processing, analyzing, obtaining, and understanding images in high-dimensional data from the real world.

d) Touch Screen Technology

It appears that touch screen technology has taken over the planet. The popularity of touch screen gadgets can be attributed to their ease of use. These gadgets are becoming quite popular everywhere.

e) Method of 3D Printing

The 3D printer is capable of producing a wide range of items, such as lamps, cookware, accessories, and much more. Alternatively referred to as additive manufacturing, this process uses digital model data from electronic data sources like Additive Manufacturing Files (AMF) to construct three-dimensional items of any shape.

Git Hub is an online hosting service and version control repository that was founded in 2008. It provides features including bug tracking, task management, feature requests, and the sharing of codes, apps, and other materials. The GitHub platform was first developed in 2007, and the website went live in 2008.

f) Smart Timepieces

The market for smart watches has been around for a while. The more recent models, like the one introduced by Apple, have garnered enormous popularity and come with a number of extra capabilities. Nearly all of the functionality found on smartphones are included in these watches, which are also more convenient to wear and use.

g) Websites for Crowdfunding

The emergence of crowdsourcing websites like Indiegogo, Kickstarter, and GoFundMe has been a blessing for innovators. Inventors, artists, and other creative people can share their ideas and gain the funding they need to put them into action by using these websites.

Global scientists constantly observe and experiment to develop new scientific discoveries that improve people’s lives. Not only do they consistently create new technologies, but they also adapt the ones that already exist whenever there is an opportunity. Even while these innovations have made life easier for humans, you are all aware of the numerous environmental, social, and political risks they have brought about.

500+ Words Essay on Mother Teresa in English For Students 500+ Words Essay on Swami Vivekananda in English for Students Rabindranath Tagore Essay in English For Students APJ Abdul Kalam Essay For Students: Check 500 Words Essay

Essay on Science- FAQs

Who is father of science.

Galileo is the father of science.

Why is it called science?

The word “scientia” has Latin origins and originally meant “knowledge,” “an expertness,” or “experience.”

What is science for students?

Science is the study of the world by observation, recording, listening, and watching. Science is the application of intellectual inquiry into the nature of the world and its behavior. Think like a scientist, anyone can.

What is science’s primary goal or objective?

Science’s primary goal is to provide an explanation for the facts. Moreover, science does not prohibit the explanation of facts in an arbitrary manner. Additionally, science organizes the data and develops theories to explain the data.

Describe what a scientific fact is.

Repeatable, meticulous observations or measurements made through experiments or other methods are referred to as scientific facts. Furthermore, empirical evidence is another name for a scientific fact. Most importantly, the development of scientific hypotheses depends on scientific facts.

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Science Essay for Students in English

Science Essay

Since ancient times, we see various developments in the world. At present, the world is full of electronic gadgets and mechanical machines. The machine does every activity in our surroundings. How did it become possible? How did we become so technologized and modern? It was all made possible because of science. Science plays a major role in the development of our society and makes our lives easier and smooth.

Science in our Daily Lives

As we know that Science has made many changes to our lives. Here are a couple of the applications of science in day-to-day life. First of all, transportation has become easier with the help of science as it simplifies long-distance traveling. It reduces the traveling time, helps to build various high-speed vehicles, etc. Over the years, these vehicles have totally changed the phase of our society. Science has upgraded steam engines to electric engines, cycles with motorcycles and cars, etc. This helps to save time and effort for every human being. Secondly, Science helps us to reach the moon. But it doesn't stop there. It also gave us an overview of Mars. This is one of the greatest achievements of human beings with the help of science. Without Science, it could be impossible. Due to the scientific inventions of satellites by scientists, we are able to use high-speed internet connections. Science is the heart of our society, without its function nothing can be made. It gave us a lot of things at the present time. This is the reason why the teacher in our schools teaches Science from an early age.

Science as a Subject

We started to learn about science as a subject in our school right from class 1. It is due to the importance of science in every part of life. In Class 1, science taught us about the Solar System, the 8 planets, the sun, the orbit, etc. Most importantly it tells us about the origin of our planet Earth. Science taught us everything, and we cannot deny that Science helps us in shaping our future. It not only tells us about our future but also tells us about our past.

In class 6, Science is broadly classified into three subcategories. They are Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

Physics is a part of science that deals with the fundamental constituents of the universe. It is an interesting and logical subject. It covers numerous topics such as mechanics, optics, electronics and the most important astrophysics. With the help of physics, we make cars, aeroplanes, house appliances and many others.

Chemistry is a subject that deals with an element found inside the earth's surface. It helps us in making various products such as medicine and cosmetics etc.

Biology is a subject that deals with living organisms. It is subdivided into two types: Botany and Zoology. It teaches us about various parts of our Human body, cells in the body such as blood cells, etc.

Wonders of Science

It is an era of scientific development. Many wonderful discoveries and inventions have been made by science. With its help, even impossible things have become possible now. One of the greatest wonders of science is the invention of electricity. Electricity is a great source of power. It moves our fans, cooks our food, lights our houses and shops, and runs our machines. It has brought about a revolutionary change in every field of life. Science gave us useful things such as mobile phones, telephones, etc. to stay connected. Science has done wonders in the field of agriculture, farmers in scientific tools for cultivation and growing more foods, crops, fruits, etc. Means of transport like buses, cars, trains, airplanes, and ships are also the contribution of science. Today we can reach any part of the world within a few hours. Medical science has made great progress. It has given legs, ears, and eyes to the disabled. For entertainment, it has given radio, television, cinema, and pictures to man. Science has given us computer and information technology. Nuclear energy is also a wonder of science.

All these are some of the wonders of science.

FAQs on Science Essay for Students in English

1. Is Science a blessing or a curse?

The present age is the era of science and technology. Like every other thing, it also has its positive and negative sides. It is with the help of science that our life has become easier. Scientific invention helped us to conquer time. It has given us modes of communication, entertainment and education. Nowadays, even fatal diseases are curable with the aid of modern developments in the field of medicine. Some people misuse the boon and produce powerful weapons to destroy mankind. Pollution is also a side effect of scientific inventions. Science is actually a blessing. But it becomes a curse when we use it in the wrong way.

2. What are some of the useful things that science gave us?

Science gave us useful things such as mobile phones, telephones, etc. to stay connected. Science has done wonders in the field of agriculture, farmers in scientific tools for cultivation and growing more foods, crops, fruits, etc. Means of transport like buses, cars, trains, airplanes, and ships are also the contribution of science. Today we can reach any part of the world within a few hours. Medical science has made great progress. It has given legs, ears, and eyes to the disabled. For entertainment, it has given radio, television, cinema, and pictures to man. Science has given us computer and information technology

3. What are the examples of science in everyday life?

We use bicycles, cars, and bikes to travel from one place to another, all these are inventions of science.

We use soaps, shampoos, etc., and other cosmetics that are also given by science.

We use LPG gas, stove, etc. for cooking, these are all given by science.

Even the house in which we live is a product of science.

The iron which we use to iron our clothes is an invention of science even the clothes we wear are given by science.

4. What are the uses of Science in Agriculture?

Science has made its mark in the field of agriculture by contributing a bigger part. In present days scientific inventions are made available even for sowing the seeds on fields. Scientific inventions such as tractors, threshers, drip irrigation systems, sprinkler irrigation systems, etc. all are given by science. All fertilizers are also given by chemical science.

5. What are the uses of Science in the Communication field?

The following are some of the uses of science in the Communication field.

Science has made the world very small and connected. With the help of science, you can talk to anyone anywhere within a fraction of seconds. Telephones, mobile phones, computers, etc. are the inventions of science. All these mediums of communication are available at a very low affordable cost as well. So, all are within the reach of the common man. Science has made it very easy and cheap to talk to someone using a mobile phone.

6. How science makes our life easy?

Science makes our life very easy in various ways:

We easily communicate and travel.

Because of science we easily cure any disease like cancer, malaria and another deadly disease

Science made it easy for the farmer to save their crops from pests and many other problems.

7. How does science improve our communication system?

Science improves communication in the way that at past we cannot talk to anyone face to face or by voice. With the help of mobile, we are now able to contact anyone at any place. The invention of computers and modification are also very helpful in communication.

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Essay on Science

Introduction.

Children are curious about many things, and they ask questions about what they see around them. Sometimes, they will be eager to know how a fan works or milk turns into curd. So, it would be interesting to teach them that science has an answer to all their queries. This is the perfect time and age to introduce them to the wonder of science through this essay on science.

Science has seen tremendous progress over the years, and we are able to lead a comfortable life because of many scientific inventions and discoveries. Today, everything is run on a machine, and we attribute this success to science. Through this essay on science in English, we will make our children realise its significance and influence in our lives.

Importance of Science

Without science, we would not have reached anywhere, and the comforts we see around us like fans, grinders, washing machines or laptops would not have existed. In this importance of science essay, we will discuss some aspects where science has contributed largely to society.

Can you imagine a day without smartphones? From calling friends and families who are countries apart and sending messages to them to transferring money and paying the bills, science has opened a new world before our eyes through the invention of smartphones. Moreover, it was difficult to travel long distances earlier, but now, we have motor vehicles, metro rails, and bullet trains that make it easy to travel far within a short time.

We have also heard the news of people landing on the moon, and this is the greatest achievement so far in the scientific realm. Likewise, this essay on science emphasises that it would not have been possible without science to stay cool during hot summers or cook our favourite dishes.

Uses of Science

In this part of the essay on science in English, we will see the uses of science in different fields and sectors. This will make children aware of the huge influence of science in our lives and society. We have already seen how science has contributed in the areas of transportation and communication in the previous section. Let us now see its impact on other fields through the importance of science essay.

The field of medicine has hugely benefited from science as it led to the discovery of medical equipment that cured many diseases. In addition, many agricultural activities have become easy due to the influence of science. With special machines for sowing the seeds and drip irrigation systems, science has taken agriculture to a different level.

Thus, this essay on science emphasises that science has and will continue to amaze us in different ways. So, let us nurture the curiosity of our children through such amazing essays from BYJU’S.

Frequently Asked Questions on Essay on Science

Why is it necessary to study science.

Science is a vast field that teaches many things about the natural and social world. It has made our lives easier with the invention of several gadgets and machinery. So, by studying science, children can also be a part of such discoveries.

Name some famous scientists of the world.

Dr A.P.J Abdul Kalam was a leading scientist whose creation of advanced missiles earned him a place in India’s space research and defence forces. Isaac Newton and Thomas Alva Edison are other recognised scientists whose theories about gravity and the invention of the light bulb respectively revolutionised the field of science.

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Science Essay

Science is a systematic and logical study of occurrences, events, happenings etc. Science is the study that logically explains the round shape of earth; it explains the twinkling of stars; why light travels faster than sound; why hawk flies higher than a crow; why the sunflower turns to the sunlight etc. Science doesn’t provide supernatural explanations; rather it gives logical conclusion to every question. Science as a subject is extremely popular with students. It’s indeed an essential subject for aspirants who want to make their career in science and related fields.

Knowledge of science makes people more confident and well aware of their surroundings. One who knows science will not be scared of natural occurrences, knowing their origin and reason. On the other hand science also plays a significant role in technological development of a nation and hence also in removing growth impediments like unemployment and illiteracy.

Long and Short Essay on Science in English

We have provided below short and long essay on science in English for your knowledge and information.

The essays have been wisely written to deliver to you the meaning and significance of science.

After going through the essays you will know what is science and its importance in our day to day life, also how science helps in the development of a country.

You can use these science essay in your school’s or college’s essay writing, debate or other similar competitions.

Science Essay 1 (200 words)

Science involves extensive study of the behaviour of natural and physical world. The study is conducted by way of research, observation and experimentation. There are several branches of science. These include the natural sciences, social sciences and formal sciences. These broad categories have further been divided into sub categories and sub-sub categories. Physics, chemistry, biology earth science and astronomy form a part of the natural sciences, history, geography, economics, political science, sociology, psychology, social studies and anthropology are a part of the social sciences and formal sciences include mathematics, logic, statistics, decision theory, system theory and computer science.

Science has changed the world for good. There have been several scientific inventions from time to time and these have made life convenient for the human beings. Several of these inventions have become an integral part of our lives and we cannot imagine our lives without them. Scientists worldwide continue to experiment and keep coming up with newer inventions every now and then with some of them bringing revolution worldwide. However, as useful as it is, science has also been misused by some, mainly by those in power, for fuelling an arms race and degrading the environment.

The ideologies of science and religion have not found any meeting ground. These seemingly contrasting ideas have given rise to several conflicts in the past and continue to do so.

Science Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

Science is a means to study, understand, analyze and experiment with the natural and physical aspects of the world and put them to use to come up with newer inventions that make life more convenient for the mankind. The observation and experimentation in the field of science is not limited to a particular aspect or idea; it is widespread.

Uses of Science

Almost everything we use in our daily lives is a gift of science. From cars to washing machines, from mobile phones to microwaves, from refrigerators to laptops – everything is an outcome of scientific experimentation. Here is how science impacts our everyday life:

Not just microwaves, grillers and refrigerators, gas stoves that are commonly used to prepare food are also a scientific invention.

Medical Treatments

The treatment of several diseases and ailments has been made possible because of the advancement in science. Science thus promotes healthy living and has contributed in the increase of life span.

Communication

Mobile phones and internet connections that have become an integral part of our lives these days are all inventions of science. These inventions have made communication easier and brought the world closer.

Source of Energy

The discovery of atomic energy has given way to the invention and deployment of various forms of energies. Electricity is one of its main inventions and the way it impacts our everyday life is known to all.

Variety of Food

The variety of food has also increased. Many fruits and vegetables are now available all through the year. You do not require waiting for a particular season to enjoy a specific food. The experimentations in the field of science have led to this change.

Science is thus a part of our everyday life. Our life would have been very different and difficult without the advancement in science. However, we cannot deny the fact that many scientific inventions have led to the degradation of the environment and have also caused numerous health problems for the mankind.

Science Essay 3 (400 words)

Science is basically divided into three broad branches. These include Natural Sciences, Social Sciences and Formal Sciences. These branches are further classified into sub-categories to study various aspects. Here is a detailed look at these categories and sub categories.

Branches of Science

Natural Sciences

As the name suggests, this is the study of the natural phenomena. It studies how the world and universe works. Natural Science is further categorized into Physical Science and Life Science.

a) Physical Science

Physical science includes the following sub categories:

Physics: The study of properties of energy and matter.
Chemistry: The study of substances of which matter is made.
Astronomy: The study of the space and celestial bodies.
Ecology: The study of relation of organisms with their physical surroundings as well as with each other.
Geology: It deals with Earth’s physical structure and substance.
Earth Science: The study of Earth’s physical constitution and its atmosphere.
Oceanography: The study of biological and physical elements and phenomena of the sea.
Meteorology: It deals with the processes of the atmosphere
b) Life Science

The following sub categories form a part of the life science:

Biology: The study of living organisms.
Botany: The study of plant life.
Zoology: The study of animal life.
Social Sciences

This involves the study of the social pattern and human behaviour. It is further divided into various sub-categories. These include:

History: The study of events occurred in the past
Political Science: Study of systems of government and political activities.
Geography: Study of Earth’s physical features and atmosphere.
Social Studies: Study of human society.
Sociology: Study of development and functioning of the society.
Psychology: Study of human behaviour.
Anthropology: Study of different aspects of humans within present and past societies.
Economics: Study of production, consumption and circulation of wealth.
Formal Sciences

It is that branch of science that studies formal systems such as mathematics and logic. It involves the following sub-categories:

Mathematics: The study of numbers.
Logic: The study of reasoning.
Statistics: It deals with the analysis of numerical data.
Decision Theory: Mathematical study to enhance decision making ability when it comes to profit and loss.
Systems Theory: The study of abstract organization.
Computer Science: The study of experimentation and engineering to form basis for designing and use of computers.

The experts in various branches of science have continually been studying the subject deeply and experimenting with different aspects to come up with newer theories, inventions and discoveries. These discoveries and inventions have made life easier for us; however, at the same time these have also made an irreversible damage to the environment as well as the living beings.

Science Essay 4 (500 words)

Science is the study of structure and behaviour of different physical and natural aspects. Scientists study these aspects, observe them thoroughly and experiment before coming to a conclusion. There have been several scientific discoveries and inventions in the past that have proved to be a boon for the mankind.

Concepts of Science and Religion

While a logical and systematic approach is followed in the field of science to come up with new ideas and inventions, religion, on the other hand, is purely based on belief system and faith. In science, a thorough observation, analysis and experimentation is done to derive a result whereas there is hardly any logic when it comes to religion. Their view of looking at things is thus completely different from one another.

Conflict between Science and Religion

Science and religion are often seen at loggerheads due to their conflicting views on certain things. Sadly, at times these conflicts lead to disturbance in the society and causes suffering to the innocent. Here are some of the major conflicts that have occurred between the advocates of religion and the believers of scientific methodologies.

The Creation of World

Many conservative Christians believe that God created the world in six days sometime between 4004 and 8000 BCE. On the other hand, the cosmologists state that the universe is as old as around 13.7 billion years and that the Earth emerged around 4.5 billion years ago.

Earth as the Centre of the Universe

This is one of the most famous conflicts. The Roman Catholic Church regarded Earth as the centre of the universe. As per them, the Sun, Moon, stars and other planets revolve around it. The conflict arose when famous Italian astronomer and mathematician, Galileo Galilei discovered the heliocentric system wherein the Sun forms the centre of the solar system and the Earth and other planets revolve around it.

Unfortunately, Galileo was condemned as a heretic and put in house arrest for the rest of his life.

Solar and Lunar Eclipse

One of the earliest conflicts occurred in Iraq. The priests there had told the locals that lunar eclipse was caused because of the restlessness of gods. These were thought to be ominous and aimed at destroying the kings. The conflict occurred when the local astronomers came up with the scientific reason behind the eclipse.

While the astronomers state a strong and logical reason about the occurrence of the solar and lunar eclipse, myths and superstitions surrounding the same still continue in various parts of the world.

The Evolution of Species

Taking reference from the biblical book of Genesis, the conservative Christians believe that all the species of flora and fauna were created during the six days period when God created the world. The biologists, on the other hand, argue that the various species of plants and animals evolved over hundred and millions of years via the procedures of natural selection.

Apart from these, there are several other arenas wherein the scientists and religious advocates have contradictory views. Even though the scientists/ astronomers/ biologists have a backing for their theories most people deeply follow the religious views.

It is not only the religious advocates who often raise voice against the scientific methodologies and ideologies, science has also been criticized by many other sections of society because its inventions are giving way to various social, political, environmental and health issues. Scientific inventions such as nuclear weapons pose a threat to the mankind. Besides, the procedures of preparation as well as the use of most scientifically designed devices are adding to the pollution, thereby making life difficult for everyone.

Science Essay 5 (600 words)

There have been several scientific discoveries and inventions in the last couple of decades that have made life much easier. Last decade was no exception. There were quite a few significant scientific inventions that received appreciation. Here is a look at the 10 most remarkable recent scientific inventions.

Recent Scientific Inventions and Discoveries

Control over Biomechanical Hand through Mind

Amputee Pierpaolo Petruzziello, an Italian who lost his forearm in an unfortunate accident, learned how to control a biomechanical hand connected to his arm by way of his thoughts. The hand connected to his arm nerves via electrodes and wires. He became the first person to master the art of making movements such as finger wiggling, grabbing objects and moving fist with his thoughts.

Global Positioning System

Global Positioning System, popularly referred to as GPS, became commercially viable in the year 2005. It was embedded into the mobile devices and proved to be a boon for the travelers worldwide. Looking for directions while travelling to newer places couldn’t get easier.

Prius – The Self-Driving Car

Google initiated the self-driving car project in the year 2008 and soon Toyota introduced Prius. This car does not have brake pedal, steering wheel or accelerator. It is powered by an electric motor and does not require any user interaction to operate. It is embedded with special software, a set of sensors and accurate digital maps to ensure that the driverless experience is smooth and safe.

Known to be one of the most noteworthy inventions of the decade, Android came as a revolution and took over the market that was earlier flooded with Symbian and Java powered devices. Most smart phones these days run on the Android operating system. It supports millions of applications.

Computer Vision

Computer vision includes several sub-domains such as event detection, indexing, object recognition, object pose estimation, motion estimation, image restoration, scene reconstruction, learning and video tracking. The field encompasses techniques of processing, analyzing, acquiring and comprehending images in high-dimensional data from the actual world so as to come up with symbolic information.

Touch Screen Technology

The touch screen technology seems to have taken over the world. The ease of operating makes for the popularity of the touch screen devices. These devices have become a rage worldwide.

3D Printing Technique

The 3D printing device can make a variety of stuff including kitchenware, accessories, lamps and much more. Also known as additive manufacturing, this technique creates three-dimensional objects of any shape with the use of digital model data from electronic data source such as Additive Manufacturing File (AMF).

Launched in the year 2008, Git Hub is a version control repository revision control and Internet hosting service that offers features such as bug tracking, task management, feature requests and sharing of codes, apps, etc. The development of GitHub platform started in 2007 and the site was launched in 2008.

Smart Watches

Smart watches have been in the market for quite some time. However, the newer ones such as that launched by Apple have come with several added features and have gained immense popularity. These watches come with almost all the features of the smart phones and are easier to carry and operate.

Crowd Funding Sites

The introduction of crowd-funding sites such as GoFundMe, Kickstarter and Indiegogo has been a boon for the creative minds. By way of these sites, inventors, artists and other creative people get a chance to share their ideas and receive financial help they require to implement the same.

Scientists worldwide observe and experiment continually to bring forth new scientific inventions, making life easier for people. They do not only keep coming up with newer inventions but also improvise the existing ones wherever there is a scope. While these inventions have made life easier for the man; however, the amount of environmental, social and political hazards these have caused are not hidden from you all.

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Guest Essay

The Best Way to Find Out if We Can Cool the Planet

An illustration of five people standing and looking down at a large glowing orb. The background is the black night sky.

By Jeremy Freeman

Dr. Freeman is the executive director of CarbonPlan, a climate research nonprofit.

A few years ago, the idea of deliberately blocking the sun to combat climate change was taboo for scientists. But a lot can change in a short time .

As the disastrous effects of climate change mount, Congress has asked federal scientists for a research plan , private money is flowing and rogue start-ups are attempting experiments — all signs that momentum around solar geoengineering is building fast. The most discussed approach involves spraying tiny particles into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight and cool the planet. Other proposals include injecting sea salt into clouds to increase their reflectivity or using giant space parasols to block the sun .

It might all sound like dystopian science fiction, but some techno-futurists, like OpenAI’s chief executive, Sam Altman, are already normalizing it: “We’re going to have to do something dramatic with climate like geoengineering as a Band-Aid, as a stopgap,” he said in January at the World Economic Forum in Davos.

No one fully understands the risks of these technologies — which could include calamitous disruptions in weather — or how significant the benefits could be. I’m increasingly convinced that we should do more research on solar geoengineering . But such high-stakes science requires extraordinary levels of transparency and accountability to the global public. The alternative is clandestine research controlled by corporations or autocratic regimes, lurching toward deployment without knowing — or knowing and not sharing — the true risks.

The potential risks of solar geoengineering are serious. Spraying reflective particles in one place, for example, could significantly change rainfall patterns elsewhere. What’s more, once anyone starts solar geoengineering at a larger scale, suddenly stopping it could lead to “ termination shock ” — global temperatures rapidly readjusting to where they would have been without geoengineering. With such terrifying points of no return, every accelerating step of research requires global public participation and deliberation.

Most research so far has been tentative and contained to computer simulations . But to know what will happen in the real world, we also need outdoor experiments. By launching an instrument-laden balloon into the stratosphere, for example, researchers could release a tiny amount of particles and measure how they interact with the atmosphere, with minimal environmental risk.

But already we’ve seen a backlash to these kinds of experiments: Harvard geoengineering researchers planned a dry run of their instruments in Sweden in 2021 only to be shut down after the Indigenous Saami Council and local environmental groups protested the tests. A key concern was how such research could redirect attention and investment from more pressing efforts to reduce emissions, thereby becoming a moral hazard . More recently, Mexico banned geoengineering experiments after discovering an American tech entrepreneur had launched a balloon test without permission. And a startup out of Israel has now raised millions of dollars and is planning experiments with little to no transparency. Some assessments suggest that more experiments, and even larger deployments, are increasingly likely. It would be far better if they happened in the open, as in Sweden, rather than in secret.

Even in places where no experiments have been planned, the public is wary. Most people haven’t heard of geoengineering in the United States, but of those who have, 72 percent reported being very concerned we’ll use it before understanding its impact. More broadly, while there’s evidence of support for research , that support is reluctant and conditional. Without transparency and trust, public debate on geoengineering could devolve into conspiracy theories and partisan ideology.

A reluctance to trust scientists is understandable. Science as a profession has for too long pursued prestige at the expense of integrity, and public scientific institutions have been increasingly privatized with minimal accountability. With a long, troubled history that includes eugenics and weapons of war, we cannot pretend that science is either pure or infallible.

But science is fallible precisely because it is a practice , a cooperative human activity. And as the moral philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre reminds us, engaging in a practice well requires exercising its virtues — which for science include transparency, honesty, humility, skepticism and collaboration. For geoengineering, that means disclosing all funding and effectively managing potential conflicts of interests, ensuring the participation of stakeholders from around the world in decision making , avoiding groupthink, sharing early-stage results and data to accelerate research and engaging in radically open science .

Transparency on its own may not lead to the widespread adoption of a new technology. A study on Covid-19 vaccine communication showed that increased transparency, especially about negative outcomes, led to lower vaccine acceptance — but it did increase trust in public health. A potential lesson for solar geoengineering is that transparency is important even when or perhaps especially when it doesn’t result in an outcome scientists initially imagine.

We should be especially wary of ceding control over geoengineering research to the tech industry. Often under the guise of virtue, techno-futurists capitalize on the power that comes from scientific knowledge while exploiting people and the environment, a pattern The Atlantic’s Adrienne LaFrance diagnoses as techno-authoritarianism. We cannot allow private for-profit entities to steer, or covertly fund, solar geoengineering research.

Instead, any research must be done by institutions acting in the public’s interest. If private funding is the only option, scientists will need to choose carefully where they work and defend their integrity against external pressures. They must clearly communicate research findings, positive and negative, and educate the public about what’s possible and what’s at stake. That way the public can in turn hold policymakers, regulators and scientists to account, with everyone working together in pursuit of a common good.

When confronted with the prospect of solar geoengineering, we may wish it had never come to this point. But we can still decide how to move forward responsibly, with and for the public.

Jeremy Freeman is the executive director of CarbonPlan, a climate research nonprofit. Much of CarbonPlan’s work has focused on carbon dioxide removal, another controversial climate technology.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow the New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , WhatsApp , X and Threads .

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Title: common 7b language models already possess strong math capabilities.

Abstract: Mathematical capabilities were previously believed to emerge in common language models only at a very large scale or require extensive math-related pre-training. This paper shows that the LLaMA-2 7B model with common pre-training already exhibits strong mathematical abilities, as evidenced by its impressive accuracy of 97.7% and 72.0% on the GSM8K and MATH benchmarks, respectively, when selecting the best response from 256 random generations. The primary issue with the current base model is the difficulty in consistently eliciting its inherent mathematical capabilities. Notably, the accuracy for the first answer drops to 49.5% and 7.9% on the GSM8K and MATH benchmarks, respectively. We find that simply scaling up the SFT data can significantly enhance the reliability of generating correct answers. However, the potential for extensive scaling is constrained by the scarcity of publicly available math questions. To overcome this limitation, we employ synthetic data, which proves to be nearly as effective as real data and shows no clear saturation when scaled up to approximately one million samples. This straightforward approach achieves an accuracy of 82.6% on GSM8K and 40.6% on MATH using LLaMA-2 7B models, surpassing previous models by 14.2% and 20.8%, respectively. We also provide insights into scaling behaviors across different reasoning complexities and error types.

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In March 2022, the School of Arts and Sciences announced the construction of the Vagelos Laboratory for Energy Science and Technology (VLEST), a new laboratory dedicated to energy research. Architectural renderings depicted a seven-story building located next to the David Rittenhouse Laboratory on the 32nd block of Walnut Street.

These renderings soon came to fruition, with the steelwork of the new development being laid later that fall. Since then, the Penn community has witnessed the structure, distinctive sails, and panels of the building come together. The Daily Pennsylvanian obtained exclusive access to tour VLEST, exploring its outdoor spaces, interior features, and architectural hallmarks. The building embodies the future of energy research at Penn.

The solar shades are the most prominent exterior feature of VLEST, covering both the eastern and western sides of the building. According to a statement from Behnisch Architekten, the architectural firm that designed the lab, the usage of these shades “… lowers peak radiation on facades, permits extensive daylight, and works to prevent glare in interior spaces.”

A staircase parallel to the western facade of VLEST connects the second and third floors. The floor layout allows for a significant amount of natural light to enter the building, a component kept throughout the architectural design of the lab.

An interior view looking out of the eastern facade of VLEST, with FMC Tower visible in the background. The solar shade (pictured to the right) aims to reduce the glare in interior working spaces.

The view of the second-floor laboratory of the building. Each of the floors are partitioned to allow for a laboratory section as well as common meeting spaces, with laboratories spanning the eastern side of the building.

A view of the second-floor infrastructure installations. A key feature of the building is its ability to bring in sunlight from both the east and west facades.

An interior view of the sun shades integrated into the vertically and horizontally oriented windows from a laboratory workstation.

The building eliminates the standard roof drywall in favor of exposed beams and piping. According to Project Manger Nick Fazzini at LF Driscoll — the construction company managing the construction of VLEST — the beams were fireproofed and installed with insulation product to minimize echoing.

Work on the baffles in the second-floor hallway of the building. Fazzini emphasized the incorporation of baffles in the development, though construction has yet to begin on their installation. When completed, the baffles will aim to complement the visible piping architectural design.

A view of VLEST’s western facade overlooking the new courtyard, with the Palestra located immediately south of the building.

When the building opens in winter 2025 , a walkway will connect Shoemaker Green to the entrance of the building on Walnut Street.

From serving as the new home of the Vagelos Institute for Energy Science and Technology (VIEST) and the Vagelos Integrated Program in Energy Research (VIPER) to hosting a multitude of laboratories focused on energy research, the nearly $174 million project aims to strengthen Penn’s role in energy research for years to come.

The Daily Pennsylvanian is an independent, student-run newspaper. Please consider making a donation to support the coverage that shapes the University. Your generosity ensures a future of strong journalism at Penn.

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