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To be made up of:
- Year of submission (in round brackets).
- Title of thesis (in italics).
- Degree statement.
- Degree-awarding body.
- Available at: URL.
- (Accessed: date).
In-text citation:
(Smith, 2019)
Reference List:
Smith, E. R. C. (2019). Conduits of invasive species into the UK: the angling route? Ph. D. Thesis. University College London. Available at: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10072700 (Accessed: 20 May 2021).
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Citation guides
All you need to know about citations
How to cite a PhD thesis in Harvard
To cite a PhD thesis in a reference entry in Harvard style include the following elements:
- Author(s) of the PhD thesis: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by 'and'. For four authors or more include the first name followed by et al., unless your institution requires referencing of all named authors.
- Year of submission: Give the year in round brackets.
- Title of the PhD thesis: Give the title as presented in the source. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
- Degree description: Type of degree.
- Degree-awarding institution: Give the name of the institution.
Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a PhD thesis in Harvard style:
Author(s) of the PhD thesis . ( Year of submission ) Title of the PhD thesis . Degree description . Degree-awarding institution .
Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the Harvard style guidelines in action:
A PhD thesis with one author
Confait, M. F . ( 2018 ) Maximising the contributions of PHD graduates to national development: the case of the Seychelles . PhD thesis . Edith Cowan University .
An unpublished PhD thesis
Bowkett, D . ( 2015 ) Investigating the ligandability of plant homeodomains . Unpublished PhD thesis . University of Oxford .
This citation style guide is based on the Cite Them Right (10 th edition) Harvard referencing guide.
More useful guides
- Harvard Referencing: Theses
- Referencing with Harvard: Thesis or dissertation
- Citing and referencing: Theses/Dissertations
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- APA: how to cite a book
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Harvard Style Guide: Theses
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- No date of publication
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- Citing same author, multiple works, same year
Back to Academic Integrity guide
Reference : Author, Initial. (Year of submission) Title of thesis . Degree statement. Degree-awarding body.
Example : Allen, S. J. (2009) The social and moral fibre of Celtic Tiger Ireland . Unpublished PhD thesis. University College Dublin.
In-Text-Citation :
- Author Last name (Year)
- (Author Last name, Year)
- Allen (2009) disagrees with this…..
- As argued elsewhere (Allen, 2009)….
Still unsure what in-text citation and referencing mean? Check here .
Still unsure why you need to reference all this information? Check here .
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Cite A Dissertation in Harvard style
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- Select style:
- Archive material
- Chapter of an edited book
- Conference proceedings
- Dictionary entry
- Dissertation
- DVD, video, or film
- E-book or PDF
- Edited book
- Encyclopedia article
- Government publication
- Music or recording
- Online image or video
- Presentation
- Press release
- Religious text
Use the following template or our Harvard Referencing Generator to cite a dissertation. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator .
Reference list
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
In-text citation
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Popular Harvard Citation Guides
- How to cite a Book in Harvard style
- How to cite a Website in Harvard style
- How to cite a Journal in Harvard style
- How to cite a DVD, video, or film in Harvard style
- How to cite a Online image or video in Harvard style
Other Harvard Citation Guides
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- How to cite a Chapter of an edited book in Harvard style
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- How to cite a Court case in Harvard style
- How to cite a Dictionary entry in Harvard style
- How to cite a Dissertation in Harvard style
- How to cite a E-book or PDF in Harvard style
- How to cite a Edited book in Harvard style
- How to cite a Email in Harvard style
- How to cite a Encyclopedia article in Harvard style
- How to cite a Government publication in Harvard style
- How to cite a Interview in Harvard style
- How to cite a Legislation in Harvard style
- How to cite a Magazine in Harvard style
- How to cite a Music or recording in Harvard style
- How to cite a Newspaper in Harvard style
- How to cite a Patent in Harvard style
- How to cite a Podcast in Harvard style
- How to cite a Presentation or lecture in Harvard style
- How to cite a Press release in Harvard style
- How to cite a Religious text in Harvard style
- How to cite a Report in Harvard style
- How to cite a Software in Harvard style
Harvard Citation Style: Theses
Introduction
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Company Information
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All Examples
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In This Guide...
Click on the links below for further information on referencing each material type
- Why is Referencing Important?
- Getting Started
Reference Formats
- References by Format
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Books/eBooks
- 1, 2 or More Authors
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- Citing Patents: Examples
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Citing Theses: Examples
- A table of examples in all formats for quick reference
Citing Theses
Theses can come in a number for formats, they can be published, unpublished, or retrieved from a database. The principles when citing a thesis are similar to those employed when citing a book.
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Harvard referencing style
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NWU Harvard Referencing Guide
- Introduction
- Text references
- Reference list
- Elements of a reference entry
- Chapter in a collected work
- Electronic books (ebooks)
- Encyclopedias
- Dictionaries
Theses and dissertations
- Journal articles
- Internet and other electronic sources
- Conference publications
- Study guides
- Newspaper articles
- Acts and law reports
- Government publications
- Bible and other religious writings
- Classical works
- Personal correspondance
- Patents and standards
- Musical scores
- Audiovisual and other media
- Unpublished work
- Harvard PDF document
Other styles
- NWU Law Referencing Guide
- APA Referencing Guide
Use recognised abbreviations for universities and degrees. According to the NWU manual for master’s and doctoral studies, the following terms are used:
For international theses and dissertations use the terms on the title page. Full stops are optional in the abbreviations for qualifications, eg: M.Sc. or MSc (Magister Scientiae), Ph.D. or PhD (Philosophiae Doctor).
Saah, P. 2017. Exploring Mintzberg’s managerial roles of academic leaders at a selected higher education institution in South Africa . Mafikeng: North-West University. (Mini-dissertation – MBA). Text reference: (Saah, 2017:103).
Doctoral theses and master’s dissertations are widely available on institutional repositories. Include the permanent link (“handle”) to the thesis / dissertation in the reference list.
Note: when giving a permanent link, a date of access is not necessary.
International theses / dissertations accessed from a commercial database e.g. ProQuest:
Carroll, A.R. 2018. Ecosystems, communities, and species: understanding mammalian response to ancient carbon cycle perturbations . Ann Arbor, MI: University of New Hampshire. (Dissertation – PhD). http://nwulib.nwu.ac.za/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.nwulib.nwu.ac.za/docview/2058145688? accountid=12865 Date of access: 13 Apr. 2019. Text reference: (Carroll, 2018:59).
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A Quick Guide to Harvard Referencing | Citation Examples
Published on 14 February 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on 15 September 2023.
Referencing is an important part of academic writing. It tells your readers what sources you’ve used and how to find them.
Harvard is the most common referencing style used in UK universities. In Harvard style, the author and year are cited in-text, and full details of the source are given in a reference list .
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Table of contents
Harvard in-text citation, creating a harvard reference list, harvard referencing examples, referencing sources with no author or date, frequently asked questions about harvard referencing.
A Harvard in-text citation appears in brackets beside any quotation or paraphrase of a source. It gives the last name of the author(s) and the year of publication, as well as a page number or range locating the passage referenced, if applicable:
Note that āp.ā is used for a single page, āpp.ā for multiple pages (e.g. āpp. 1ā5ā).
An in-text citation usually appears immediately after the quotation or paraphrase in question. It may also appear at the end of the relevant sentence, as long as itās clear what it refers to.
When your sentence already mentions the name of the author, it should not be repeated in the citation:
Sources with multiple authors
When you cite a source with up to three authors, cite all authorsā names. For four or more authors, list only the first name, followed by ā et al. ā:
Sources with no page numbers
Some sources, such as websites , often donāt have page numbers. If the source is a short text, you can simply leave out the page number. With longer sources, you can use an alternate locator such as a subheading or paragraph number if you need to specify where to find the quote:
Multiple citations at the same point
When you need multiple citations to appear at the same point in your text ā for example, when you refer to several sources with one phrase ā you can present them in the same set of brackets, separated by semicolons. List them in order of publication date:
Multiple sources with the same author and date
If you cite multiple sources by the same author which were published in the same year, itās important to distinguish between them in your citations. To do this, insert an āaā after the year in the first one you reference, a ābā in the second, and so on:
Prevent plagiarism, run a free check.
A bibliography or reference list appears at the end of your text. It lists all your sources in alphabetical order by the authorās last name, giving complete information so that the reader can look them up if necessary.
The reference entry starts with the author’s last name followed by initial(s). Only the first word of the title is capitalised (as well as any proper nouns).
Sources with multiple authors in the reference list
As with in-text citations, up to three authors should be listed; when there are four or more, list only the first author followed by ā et al. ā:
Reference list entries vary according to source type, since different information is relevant for different sources. Formats and examples for the most commonly used source types are given below.
- Entire book
- Book chapter
- Translated book
- Edition of a book
Journal articles
- Print journal
- Online-only journal with DOI
- Online-only journal with no DOI
- General web page
- Online article or blog
- Social media post
Sometimes you wonāt have all the information you need for a reference. This section covers what to do when a source lacks a publication date or named author.
No publication date
When a source doesnāt have a clear publication date ā for example, a constantly updated reference source like Wikipedia or an obscure historical document which canāt be accurately dated ā you can replace it with the words āno dateā:
Note that when you do this with an online source, you should still include an access date, as in the example.
When a source lacks a clearly identified author, thereās often an appropriate corporate source ā the organisation responsible for the source ā whom you can credit as author instead, as in the Google and Wikipedia examples above.
When thatās not the case, you can just replace it with the title of the source in both the in-text citation and the reference list:
Harvard referencing uses an authorādate system. Sources are cited by the author’s last name and the publication year in brackets. Each Harvard in-text citation corresponds to an entry in the alphabetised reference list at the end of the paper.
Vancouver referencing uses a numerical system. Sources are cited by a number in parentheses or superscript. Each number corresponds to a full reference at the end of the paper.
A Harvard in-text citation should appear in brackets every time you quote, paraphrase, or refer to information from a source.
The citation can appear immediately after the quotation or paraphrase, or at the end of the sentence. If you’re quoting, place the citation outside of the quotation marks but before any other punctuation like a comma or full stop.
In Harvard referencing, up to three author names are included in an in-text citation or reference list entry. When there are four or more authors, include only the first, followed by ā et al. ā
Though the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, there is a difference in meaning:
- A reference list only includes sources cited in the text ā every entry corresponds to an in-text citation .
- A bibliography also includes other sources which were consulted during the research but not cited.
Cite this Scribbr article
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the āCite this Scribbr articleā button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.
Caulfield, J. (2023, September 15). A Quick Guide to Harvard Referencing | Citation Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 22 April 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/referencing/harvard-style/
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Harvard Reference Style
- Introduction
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- Theses/Dissertations
- Harvard: Reference list example
Quick Links
- Harvard: Examples of references
Theses/Dissertations: Reference format
A basic reference list entry for a theses/dissertation:
- Author or authors; the surname is followed by initials
- Thesis title
- Degree statement
- Degree-awarding body
- Online theses: Available: URL [Date of access]
Parsons, J.D. 2014. Nutrition in contemporary diet. PhD thesis, Durham University. Available: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/846 [3 June 2019].
Theses/Dissertations: Examples
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Dissertation (thesis): how to cite in Harvard style?
Create a spot-on reference in harvard, general rules.
According to the Harvard citation style, the same template is used for referencing a master's thesis and a doctoral dissertation in a list of bibliographic references:
Author , ( year ).Ā Title . Work type , University .
NB: Fill in the 'Work type' field the type of work and the academic grade, for instance, 'Ph.D. thesis'.
If the text of the work can be accessed online, use the following template for your reference:
Author , ( year ). Title . Work type , University . [Viewed date viewed ]. Available from: URL
NB: The text '[online]' is not given after the title of the work, in contrast to the references to a book , a journal article , etc.
Examples in a list of references
Middleton, Ā H. Ā J., (2020). *ABA syncretism patterns in pronominal morphology . Ph.D. thesis, University College London. [Viewed 12Ā January 2021]. Available from: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10105591/
Reed, Ā B. Ā H., (1992). The genetic analysis of endoreduplication in Drosophila melanogaster. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.
Other citation styles:
- What is APA Style (7th ed.)?
- Examples of bibliographic references in APA (7th ed.)
- APA 7 vs APA 6: key differences
- How to cite authors?
- How to format the references page with APA (7th ed.)?
- In-text citations
- Archival document
- Book chapter
- Conference paper
- Dictionary/encyclopedia/dictionary entry/encyclopedia article
- Dissertation (thesis)
- Journal article
- Newspaper article
- Press release
- Religious text
- Social media post
- Software / mobile app
- Video (online)
- Video game / computer game
- What is MLA Style (8th ed.)?
- Examples of references in works cited in MLA (8th ed.)
- How to format the works cited page in MLA (8th ed.)?
- What is Chicago Style?
- Examples of bibliographic references in Chicago Style ā notes and bibliography (17th ed.)
- How to format the bibliography page?
- Notes and in-text citations
- Examples of bibliographic references in Chicago Style ā author-date (17th ed.)
- What is Harvard referencing style?
- Examples of bibliographic references in Harvard style
- Online video
- What is IEEE Style?
- Examples of bibliographic references in IEEE Style
- How to format the references pages in IEEE Style?
- What is Vancouver Style?
- Examples of bibliographic references in Vancouver Style
Harvard Referencing (2002 version)
- Number of authors
- Information for EndNote users
- Books and eBooks
- Chapter of a Book/eBook
- Conference paper
- Dictionary & Encyclopedia
- Government publications, ABS
- Film/Television/Radio
- Image, Tables & Figures
- Journal article
- Lecture notes/Class handout
- Newspaper article
- Personal communication
- Podcast/Blog/YouTube/Social Media
Thesis - online
Thesis - print.
- Web site/Web document
The title is not italicised and is placed in single 'quotation marks'.
Author, AA Year of preparation of thesis, ‘Title of thesis', award (g.g PhD, Masters, etc), Institution issuing degree, Location of institution, viewed date, <URL>.
Adam, B 2016, 'Cosmic warfare: changing models of the universe and C.S. Lewis's defence of truth and meaning', PhD thesis, James Cook University, viewed 17 April 2017, <https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/52960/>.
In-text citation:
Adam (2016) suggests that …
Author, AA Year of preparation of thesis, ‘Title of thesis', award (g.g PhD, Masters, etc), Institution issuing degree, Location of institution.
Ward, I 1998, 'Sedimentary history of the Pandora wreck and surrounds', M.A. thesis, James Cook University, Townsville.
Ward (1998) described the process …
… processing gold (Ward 1978)
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In-text citation
Reference list.
- Artificial intelligence
- Audiovisual
- Books and chapters
- Government and industry publications
- Legal sources
- Theses and course materials
- Web and social media
- Other sources
- Print this page
- Other styles AGLC4 APA 7th Chicago 17th (A) Notes Chicago 17th (B) Author-Date Harvard MLA 9th Vancouver
- Referencing home
Theses and Course materials
(Author's surname Year)
Author's surname (Year)
This was seen in an Australian study (Couch 2017)
Couch (2017) suggests that . . .
- List the authors names in the same order as they appear in the article.
- Go to Getting started > In-text citation to view other examples such as multiple authors.
University theses can be sourced in hardcopy or online via repositories.
Author A (Year) Title of thesis: subtitle of thesis [type of thesis], Name of University, doi:10.xxx
Author A (Year) Title of thesis: subtitle of thesis [type of thesis], Name of University, accessed Day Month Year, URL
Author A (Year) Title of thesis: subtitle of thesis [type of thesis], Name of University, accessed Day Month Year, Database
Author A (Year) Title of thesis: subtitle of thesis [type of thesis], Name of University, accessed Day Month Year, Publisher.
Diemer MJ (2020) Placemaking and streetscape design: exploring the impacts of tram network modernisation on subjective perception of place quality [PhD thesis], Monash University, doi:10.26180/13211444.v1
Halloran JT (2018) Population dynamics in the child welfare system [PhD thesis], University of Chicago, accessed 1 February 2021, Proquest Dissertations Publishing
University course materials
Author A (Year) Title of material [lecture], accessed Day Month Year. URL
Allen K (2019) Week 4 Quantitative study design: Experimental studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) [lecture], accessed 20 April 2019. https://lms.monash.edu/course/view.php?id=47259§ion=8
- Not all unit coordinators allow for the use of unit materials, such as lecture slides, in assignments. Check first to see if these resources are acceptable. The unit coordinator is usually the author unless otherwise noted.
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- Referencing
- Leeds Harvard referencing examples
- Thesis or dissertation
Leeds Harvard: Thesis or dissertation
Reference examples.
Family name, INITIAL(S). Year. Title . Type of qualification, academic institution.
Dang, V.A. 2007 . Three essays in financial economics . Ph.D. thesis, University of Leeds.
Citation examples
Author and date.
When the author name is not mentioned in the text, the citation consists of the author’s name and the year of publication in brackets.
It was emphasised that citations in the text should be consistent (Jones, 2017).
If you have already named the author in the text, only the publication year needs to be mentioned in brackets.
Jones (2017) emphasised that citations in the text should be consistent.
Three or more authors
If a source has three or more authors, the name of the first author should be given, followed by the phrase "et al."
It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent (Jones et al., 2017).
Jones et al. (2017) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent.
Leeds Harvard does not use ibid to refer to previously cited items. If you are citing the same item twice in a row (i.e. you do not cite any other items in the text between the two citations) you must write the full citation again. As usual, if you are directly quoting or paraphrasing specific ideas, you should include a page number (if there is one).
Jones et al. (2017, p.24) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent and argued that referencing is a key part of academic integrity (2017, p.27). Furthermore, having a broad range of references in a text is an indicator of the breadth of a scholar's reading and research (Jones et al., 2017, p.14).
When to include page numbers
You should include page numbers in your citation if you quote directly from the text, paraphrase specific ideas or explanations, or use an image, diagram, table, etc. from a source.
"It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent" (Jones, 2017, p.24).
When referencing a single page, you should use p. For a range of pages, use pp.
p.7 or pp.20-29.
If the page numbers are in Roman numerals, do not include p. before them.
(Amis, 1958, iv)
Common issues
When you're referencing with Leeds Harvard you may come across issues with missing details, multiple authors, edited books, references to another author's work or online items, to name a few. Here are some tips on how to deal with some common issues when using Leeds Harvard.
Skip straight to the issue that affects you:
- Online items
- URL web addresses
- Multiple authors
- Corporate author(s) or organisation(s)
- Multiple publisher details
- Editions and reprints
- Missing details
- Multiple sources with different authors
- Sources written by the same author in the same year
- Sources with the same author in different years
- Two authors with the same surname in the same year
- The work of one author referred to by another
- Anonymising sources for confidentiality
- Identifying the authors’ family name (surname)
- How it works
How to Cite a Dissertation in Harvard Style
Published by Alaxendra Bets at August 27th, 2021 , Revised On September 25, 2023
What is a Dissertation?
In the UK, countries of Western Europe, as well as New Zealand and Australia, the term ā dissertation ā is used instead of a āthesis.ā The majority of the remaining countries in the world prefer to use āthesisā instead of ādissertation.ā
Both represent the same thing, though: a full-length, academic piece of writing that students must submit after their undergraduate, post-graduate (Master), or PhD studies.
More specifically, a dissertation can refer to:
- Large-scale research as part of a degree.
- An article based on a small-scale study as part of a degree.
- A review of another study, research or an accumulation of both.
- Other full-length body texts are a requirement of the studentās degree program, no matter which level it is.
1.Ā Ā Ā Basic Format
In Harvard, the following in-text citation format is used for the dissertation:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
For example, āOccasionally the talent for drawing passes beyond mere picture-copying and shows the presence of a real artistic capacity of no mean order. (Darius, 2014)ā
In Harvard, the following reference list entry format is used for the dissertation:
Author Surname, Author Initials. (Year Published). Title of the dissertation in italics. Level. Institution Name.
For example, reference list entry for the above source would be:
Darius, H. (2014). Running head: SAVANT SYNDROME ā THEORIES AND EMPIRICAL FINDINGS . University of Skƶvde, University of Turku.
However, a slightly different format is also used in some institutions. According to that, in-text citations are done in the following way:
Author surname Year, p.#
For instance, Exelby (1997, p. 3) described the process … OR … processing gold (Exelby 1997, p. 3).
But in the case of reference list entries, these āotherā institutions recommend naming the dissertation title not in italics but in single quotation marks. The format would then be:
Author Surname, Initials Year of Publication, āTitle of thesis in single quotation marksā, Award, Institution issuing degree, Location of the institution.
So, according to this format, the above exampleās reference list entry would be:
Exelby, HRA 1997, āAspects of Gold and Mineral Liberationā, PhD thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld.
Whichever format is followed largely depends on oneās institutional guidelines. The format specified by the university is the one that should be followed. Furthermore, it should be followed consistently throughout a manuscript.
2.Ā Ā Ā Citing a Dissertation Published Online
The format for both in-text and reference list entries is the same for online and print dissertations. For example:
- In-text citation: (Ram 2012) OR (Ram 2011, p. 130)
- Reference list entry: Ram, R 2012, ‘Development of the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities’, PhD thesis, The University of Sydney, viewed 23 May 2014, <http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8208>.
An important point to note: While referencing dissertations published online, the URL may or may not be enclosed within < > symbols. Whichever format is chosen, it should be used consistently throughout the text.
3.Ā Ā Ā Citing an Unpublished Dissertation
This type of dissertation also uses the same formatting for in-text and reference list entries in Harvard style. For example:
- In-text citation: (Sakunasingha 2006) OR (Sakunasingha 2006, p. 36)
- Reference list entry: Sakunasingha, B 2006, āAn empirical study into factors influencing the use of value-based management toolsā, DBA thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How do i cite my dissertation.
To cite your dissertation, follow your chosen citation style (e.g., APA, MLA). Generally, include author name, year, title, and source details. For APA: Author. (Year). Title. Source. For MLA: Author. “Title.” Degree, University, Year.
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The basic format to a report reference in Harvard Style: Author (Year of Publication) Title of Report. Place of publication: publisher.
Surname, (or Newspaper/Magazine Title,) Year. Title of article. Newspaper/Magazine Title [online], Day Month Year or Volume (Issue), URL [Accessed date].
To cite a government website or report in a Harvard style, the basic format will be discussed in this guide
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Review our examples before placing an order, learn how to draft academic papers, mastering harvard style referencing for your thesis: expert tips and techniques.
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The Harvard system is another name for the Author-Date referencing style and citation . A Harvard referencing thesis uses the Harvard referencing system to cite sources. Developed at Harvard University in the USA, this is probably Australia's most commonly used referencing system, especially in the sciences. If studying law, OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities) is the most appropriate choice.Ā
In this article, I will share Harvard referencing thesis examples for your inspiration.Ā
Harvard Referencing thesis Examples;
- Example 1: Internet Censorship in the UAE: Freedom of the Internet
- Example 2: Development of Sustainable Homes Through Renewable Energy Sources
- Example 3: The Importance of Procurement Strategy & Impact on Construction Projects
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What is harvard referencing style, and why should you use it.
Harvard referencing style is a widely used system for citing sources in academic writing. This referencing style is typically used in the academic community and professional settings. It can help to ensure that research materials are properly cited and referenced throughout your work.
By using Harvard referencing, you demonstrate study breadth and respect for cited academics. It ensures proper source listing and formatting, portraying you as a reliable researcher following academic norms. Employing Harvard referencing in your thesis showcases your competence and gains reader appreciation.
How to Use Harvard Referencing Style in Thesis or Dissertation inĀ
Harvard referencing system is an Author-Date system. When citing a thesis in Harvard style, two elements are very important:
- The authorās last name and first initialsĀ
- The year the thesis was published
This basic format can be used for both online and offline sources. While referencing an online thesis , you must include the URL or DOI (Digital Object Identifier). For an offline source, you will need to include the name of the institution where the thesis was published.
In-Text Citations in Harvard Referencing Thesis
Citing others' work is essential. It's called citing or quoting references. Consistency and precision help readers locate the information (e.g., Smith 2020 ). Include page numbers when quoting directly (e.g., Smith 2020, p. 23 ).
Reference ListĀ
The reference list should be arranged alphabetically by the author's last name. If an author has written more than one thesis, they should be listed from oldest to newest. Thesis reference entry should include:
- Authorās last name and first initialsĀ
- Year of publication (in brackets)Ā
- Title of thesis (in italics)
- Type of thesis [PhD, Masters]
- Name of institution where located [if offline source]Ā ORĀ URL/DOI [if online source]
Examples of How to Reference a Thesis in Harvard Style
Here is an example of reference list entry in Harvard Style:Ā
Smith, J. (2020). The impact of social media on society. PhD thesis, University of Miami. https://doi.org/10.1123/abc123456 Ā
Smith, J. (2020). The impact of social media on society [PhD thesis]
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Tips for Avoiding Common Mistakes When Referencing a Thesis in Harvard Style
1. citing the author.
When referencing a thesis in Harvard style, citing the work's author is important. It can be done by including the author's last name and the year of publication in parentheses after the quote or paraphrase.
For example: (Smith, 2020).
2. Citing the Title
In addition to citing the author, it is also important to include the title of the work referenced. This can be done by including the title in quotation marks after the author's last name and publication year.
For example: (Smith, 2020, "Thesis Title").
3. Citing the Date of Publication
Including the publication date when referencing a thesis in Harvard style is also important. It can be done by including the year of publication in parentheses after the author's last name and title.
4. Citing the URL
When referencing a thesis that is available online, it is important to include the URL of the website where it can be found. It can be done by including the URL in parentheses after the author's last name, publication date, and title.
For example: (Smith, 2020, "Thesis Title," http://www.example.com).
5. Citing Page Numbers
When quoting or paraphrasing specific passages from a thesis, it is important to include page numbers in citations. This can be done by including the page number or range of pages in parentheses after the author's last name, date of publication, and title.
For example: (Smith, 2020, "Thesis Title," p. 12).
6. Creating a Reference List
In Harvard style, reference a thesis with a final reference list. Include all cited works, alphabetized by author's last name. Entries should provide author, publication date, title, and URL if relevant.
7. Formatting
When writing a paper in Harvard style, it is important to format it correctly. This includes using 12-point Times New Roman font and 1-inch margins on all sides of your paper.
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Mistakes to Avoid
As a student writing a Harvard Referencing thesis, you must be mindful of following mistakes that can ruin your research work.
1. Not Citing All Sources
A major student blunder is not citing all sources used. Remember to cite direct quotes, paraphrased, and summarized content to avoid plagiarism claims.
2. Incorrectly Citing Sources
Another error is wrong source citing, often due to format uncertainty or careless data entry. This causes confusion and potential plagiarism allegations .
3. Not Updating the Reference List
As students continue to work on their thesis, they will inevitably use new sources of information. It is important to add these new sources to the reference list as they are used; otherwise, the reference list will become outdated and inaccurate.
4. Using Unreliable Sources
Students should only use reliable sources of information. Unreliable sources include websites that are not reputable, personal blogs, and social media posts. Using unreliable sources could lead to incorrect or misleading information being included in the thesis.
5. Failing to Proofread the Reference List
Once the reference list has been completed, it is important to proofread it carefully to ensure that all information is accurate and correctly formatted. Any errors in the reference list could reflect poorly on the studentās attention to detail and organizational skills.
6. Including Too Much Detail in the Reference List
Students should only include relevant and necessary information when adding citations to the reference list. Including too much detail could make a list difficult to read and understand and lead to accusations of plagiarism.
Referencing a thesis in Harvard style is simple when you grasp key elements. In-text, cite author's last name, initials, publication year, and thesis title. For the reference list, alphabetize by author's last name. Include details like thesis type and institution name (if offline).
Check these examples to see how to use the Harvard referencing style professionally in your thesis writing .
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š¤ What is a Harvard Referencing Generator?
A Harvard Referencing Generator is a tool that automatically generates formatted academic references in the Harvard style.
It takes in relevant details about a source -- usually critical information like author names, article titles, publish dates, and URLs -- and adds the correct punctuation and formatting required by the Harvard referencing style.
The generated references can be copied into a reference list or bibliography, and then collectively appended to the end of an academic assignment. This is the standard way to give credit to sources used in the main body of an assignment.
š©āš Who uses a Harvard Referencing Generator?
Harvard is the main referencing style at colleges and universities in the United Kingdom and Australia. It is also very popular in other English-speaking countries such as South Africa, Hong Kong, and New Zealand. University-level students in these countries are most likely to use a Harvard generator to aid them with their undergraduate assignments (and often post-graduate too).
š Why should I use a Harvard Referencing Generator?
A Harvard Referencing Generator solves two problems:
- It provides a way to organise and keep track of the sources referenced in the content of an academic paper.
- It ensures that references are formatted correctly -- inline with the Harvard referencing style -- and it does so considerably faster than writing them out manually.
A well-formatted and broad bibliography can account for up to 20% of the total grade for an undergraduate-level project, and using a generator tool can contribute significantly towards earning them.
āļø How do I use MyBib's Harvard Referencing Generator?
Here's how to use our reference generator:
- If citing a book, website, journal, or video: enter the URL or title into the search bar at the top of the page and press the search button.
- Choose the most relevant results from the list of search results.
- Our generator will automatically locate the source details and format them in the correct Harvard format. You can make further changes if required.
- Then either copy the formatted reference directly into your reference list by clicking the 'copy' button, or save it to your MyBib account for later.
MyBib supports the following for Harvard style:
š What other versions of Harvard referencing exist?
There isn't "one true way" to do Harvard referencing, and many universities have their own slightly different guidelines for the style. Our generator can adapt to handle the following list of different Harvard styles:
- Cite Them Right
- Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU)
- University of the West of England (UWE)
Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.
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- Conference papers, presentations, theses
Conference papers, presentations
- For conference papers published online, hyperlink the title . If you’re citing a PDF, avoid linking directly to the PDF. Instead link to the page that hosts the PDF.
Published conference paper and presentation
Elements of the reference, author a (day month year) ‘title of paper: subtitle of paper’ [conference presentation], name of conference , place of conference, accessed day month year., in-text citation, blunden (2007) or (blunden 2007), reference list, blunden j (9–12 may 2007) ‘ plain or just dull collateral damage from the plain english movement ’ [conference presentation], 3rd iped conference , tasmania, accessed 3 may 2019., unpublished conference paper, author a (day month year) ‘title of paper: subtitle of paper’ [unpublished conference presentation], name of conference , place of conference., blunden j (9–12 may 2007) ‘plain or just dull collateral damage from the plain english movement’ [unpublished conference presentation], 3rd iped conference , hobart..
- If the thesis is online, hyperlink the title and include an accessed date. If you’re citing a PDF, avoid linking directly to the PDF. Instead link to the page that hosts the PDF.
Published thesis
Author a (year) title of thesis: subtitle of thesis [type of thesis], name of university, accessed day month year., (rahman 2013) or rahman (2013), rahman m (2013) using authentic materials in the writing classes: tertiary level scenario [master’s thesis], brac university, accessed 5 may 2017., unpublished thesis, author a (year) title of thesis: subtitle of thesis [unpublished type of thesis], name of university, accessed day month year., rahman m (2013) using authentic materials in the writing classes: tertiary level scenario [unpublished master’s thesis], brac university, accessed 5 may 2017..
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This guide introduces the Harvard referencing style and includes examples of citations. Welcome Toggle Dropdown. A-Z of Harvard references ; Citing authors with Harvard ; ... Title of thesis (in italics). Degree statement. Degree-awarding body. Available at: URL. (Accessed: date). In-text citation: (Smith, 2019)
To cite a PhD thesis in a reference entry in Harvard style include the following elements: Author (s) of the PhD thesis: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by 'and'. For four authors or more include the first name followed by et al., unless your institution requires referencing ...
Theses. Reference: Author, Initial. (Year of submission) Title of thesis. Degree statement. Degree-awarding body. Example: Allen, S. J. (2009) The social and moral fibre of Celtic Tiger Ireland. Unpublished PhD thesis. University College Dublin. In-Text-Citation:
Cite A Dissertation in Harvard style. Use the following template or our Harvard Referencing Generator to cite a dissertation. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator.
Reference List Entry: Thesis: Unpublished (Hos 2005) Hos, JP 2005, Mechanochemically synthesized nanomaterials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell membranes. Ph.D thesis, University of Western Australia. Thesis: Published (May 2007) May, B 2007, A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud. Bristol UK, Canopus Publishing.
Harvard referencing style; Thesis or dissertation; Search this Guide Search. Harvard referencing style. Harvard; In-text citations and reference list; Articles; Books; ... S.S.E. 2011, 'Tax compliance and small and medium enterprise operators: an intra-cultural study in New Zealand', PhD thesis, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New ...
Format for citing a printed thesis: Harvard style. Surname, Initial (s). (Year of publication) Title. Award and type of qualification. Awarding body. For example: Robak, M. (2016) Practicing What We're Taught: An Analysis of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medical Education of Compassionate Care at Harvard Medical School. PhD thesis.
According to the NWU manual for master's and doctoral studies, the following terms are used: For international theses and dissertations use the terms on the title page. Full stops are optional in the abbreviations for qualifications, eg: M.Sc. or MSc (Magister Scientiae), Ph.D. or PhD (Philosophiae Doctor). Saah, P. 2017.
When you cite a source with up to three authors, cite all authors' names. For four or more authors, list only the first name, followed by ' et al. ': Number of authors. In-text citation example. 1 author. (Davis, 2019) 2 authors. (Davis and Barrett, 2019) 3 authors.
An introduction to the Harvard referencing system with reference formats & examples. This variation of Harvard Reference Style is compiled by Nelson Mandela University Library and Information Services. ... PhD Thesis, Southampton Solent University. Boshoff, R. 2018.
According to the Harvard citation style, the same template is used for referencing a master's thesis and a doctoral dissertation in a list of bibliographic references: Author, ( year ). Title. Work type, University. NB: Fill in the 'Work type' field the type of work and the academic grade, for instance, 'Ph.D. thesis'.
Harvard Referencing (2002 version) Guide to citing & referencing in this author, date style for JCU students. Harvard Style - the basics ... Adam, B 2016, 'Cosmic warfare: changing models of the universe and C.S. Lewis's defence of truth and meaning', PhD thesis, James Cook University, viewed 17 April 2017, <https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au ...
Harvard; Theses and course materials; Search this Guide Search. Harvard. Getting started. In-text citation ; ... Reference list. Format. Author A (Year) ... Halloran JT (2018) Population dynamics in the child welfare system [PhD thesis], University of Chicago, accessed 1 February 2021, Proquest Dissertations Publishing. University course ...
Jones et al. (2017, p.24) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent and argued that referencing is a key part of academic integrity (2017, p.27). Furthermore, having a broad range of references in a text is an indicator of the breadth of a scholar's reading and research (Jones et al., 2017, p.14).
In Harvard, the following reference list entry format is used for the dissertation: Author Surname, Author Initials. (Year Published). Title of the dissertation in italics. Level. Institution Name. For example, reference list entry for the above source would be: Darius, H. (2014).
The Signature Page for DrPH students must be formatted as follows: This Doctoral Thesis, [ Title of Doctoral Project ], presented by [ Student's Name ], and Submitted to the Faculty of The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Public.
For example: (Smith, 2020, "Thesis Title"). 3. Citing the Date of Publication. Including the publication date when referencing a thesis in Harvard style is also important. It can be done by including the year of publication in parentheses after the author's last name and title. For example: (Smith, 2020).
The Harvard University Archives' collection of theses, dissertations, and prize papers document the wide range of academic research undertaken by Harvard students over the course of the University's history.. Beyond their value as pieces of original research, these collections document the history of American higher education, chronicling both the growth of Harvard as a major research ...
3 sample title page for a phd dissertation copyright notice abstract sample abstract formatting errors front and back matter supplemental material tables and figures visual material acknowledging the work of others page 19 references footnotes bibliography citation & style guides use of copyrighted material page 20 services and information page 22 proquest publishing orders and payments
A Harvard Referencing Generator is a tool that automatically generates formatted academic references in the Harvard style. It takes in relevant details about a source -- usually critical information like author names, article titles, publish dates, and URLs -- and adds the correct punctuation and formatting required by the Harvard referencing style.
How to search for Harvard dissertations. DASH, Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard, is the university's central, open-access repository for the scholarly output of faculty and the broader research community at Harvard.Most Ph.D. dissertations submitted from March 2012 forward are available online in DASH.; Check HOLLIS, the Library Catalog, and refine your results by using the Advanced ...
If the thesis is online, hyperlink the title and include an accessed date.If you're citing a PDF, avoid linking directly to the PDF. Instead link to the page that hosts the PDF.; Published thesis Elements of the reference Author A (Year) Title of thesis: subtitle of thesis [type of thesis], Name of University, accessed Day Month Year. In-text citation ...
To find Harvard affiliate dissertations: DASH - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard - DASH is the university's central, open access repository for the scholarly output of faculty and the broader research community at Harvard.Most PhD dissertations submitted from March 2012 forward are available online in DASH.; HOLLIS Library Catalog - you can refine your results by using the Advanced ...