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How to Select Mechanical Engineering Research Topics?

Table of Contents

Selecting the right mechanical engineering research topics is crucial for driving impactful innovation and addressing pressing challenges. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you choose the best research topics:

Identify Your Interests: Start by considering your passions and areas of expertise within mechanical engineering. What topics excite you the most? Choosing a subject that aligns with your interests will keep you motivated throughout the research process.
Assess Current Trends: Stay updated on the latest developments and trends in mechanical engineering. Look for emerging technologies, pressing industry challenges, and areas with significant research gaps. These trends can guide you towards relevant and timely research topics.
Conduct Literature Review: Dive into existing literature and research papers within your field of interest. Identify gaps in knowledge, unanswered questions, or areas that warrant further investigation. Building upon existing research can lead to more impactful contributions to the field.
Consider Practical Applications: Evaluate the practical implications of potential research topics. How will your research address real-world problems or benefit society? Choosing topics with tangible applications can increase the relevance and impact of your research outcomes.
Consult with Advisors and Peers: Seek guidance from experienced mentors, advisors, or peers in the field of mechanical engineering. Discuss your research interests and potential topics with them to gain valuable insights and feedback. Their expertise can help you refine your ideas and select the most promising topics.
Define Research Objectives: Clearly define the objectives and scope of your research. What specific questions do you aim to answer or problems do you intend to solve? Establishing clear research goals will guide your topic selection process and keep your project focused.
Consider Resources and Constraints: Take into account the resources, expertise, and time available for your research. Choose topics that are feasible within your constraints and align with your available resources. Balancing ambition with practicality is essential for successful research endeavors.
Brainstorm and Narrow Down Options: Generate a list of potential research topics through brainstorming and exploration. Narrow down your options based on criteria such as relevance, feasibility, and alignment with your interests and goals. Choose the most promising topics that offer ample opportunities for exploration and discovery.
Seek Feedback and Refinement: Once you’ve identified potential research topics, seek feedback from colleagues, advisors, or experts in the field. Refine your ideas based on their input and suggestions. Iteratively refining your topic selection process will lead to a more robust and well-defined research proposal.
Stay Flexible and Open-Minded: Remain open to new ideas and opportunities as you progress through the research process. Be willing to adjust your research topic or direction based on new insights, challenges, or discoveries. Flexibility and adaptability are key qualities for successful research endeavors in mechanical engineering.

By following these steps and considering various factors, you can effectively select mechanical engineering research topics that align with your interests, goals, and the needs of the field.

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Director, Gender and Women's History Research Centre, Australian Catholic University

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Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Arizona State University

Ph.D. student in Mechanical Engineering, Arizona State University

Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University

Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York

Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Binghamton University, State University of New York

Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University

PhD Student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles

Associate Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University

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The Best Mechanical Engineering Dissertation Topics and Titles

Published by Carmen Troy at January 5th, 2023 , Revised On August 18, 2023

Introduction

Engineering is a vast subject that encompasses different branches for a student to choose from. Mechanical engineering is one of these branches. Writing a mechanical engineering dissertation from scratch is a difficult task due to the complexities involved, but the job is still not impossible.

Are you looking to select the best mechanical engineering dissertation topic for your dissertation? To help you get started with brainstorming for mechanical engineering dissertation topics, we have developed a list of the latest topics that can be used for writing your mechanical engineering dissertation.

These topics have been developed by PhD qualified writers of our team , so you can trust to use these topics for drafting your own dissertation.

You may also want to start your dissertation by requesting a brief research proposal from our writers on any of these topics, which includes an introduction to the topic, research question , aim and objectives, literature review , along with the proposed methodology of research to be conducted. Let us know if you need any help in getting started.

Check our dissertation example to get an idea of how to structure your dissertation .

Review step by step guide on how to write your own dissertation here.

2022 Mechanical Engineering Research Topics

Topic 1: an investigation into the applications of iot in autonomous and connected vehicles.

Research Aim: The research aims to investigate the applications of IoT in autonomous and connected vehicles

Objectives:

To analyse the applications of IoT in mechanical engineering
To evaluate the communication technologies in autonomous and connected vehicles.
To investigate how IoT facilitates the interaction of smart devices in autonomous and connected vehicles

Topic 2: Evaluation of the impact of combustion of alternative liquid fuels on the internal combustion engines of automobiles

Research Aim: The research aims to evaluate the impact of the combustion of alternative liquid fuels on the internal combustion engines of automobiles

To analyse the types of alternative liquid fuels for vehicles and their implications
To investigate the benchmarking of alternative liquid fuels based on the principles of combustion performance.
To evaluate the impact of combustion of alternative liquid fuels on the internal combustion engines of automobiles with conventional engines

Topic 3: An evaluation of the design and control effectiveness of production engineering on rapid prototyping and intelligent manufacturing

Research Aim: The research aims to evaluate the design and control effectiveness of production engineering on rapid prototyping and intelligent manufacturing

To analyse the principles of design and control effectiveness of production engineering.
To determine the principles of rapid prototyping and intelligent manufacturing for ensuring quality and performance effectiveness
To evaluate the impact of production engineering on the design and control effectiveness of rapid prototyping and intelligent manufacturing.

Topic 4: Investigating the impact of industrial quality control on the quality, reliability and maintenance in industrial manufacturing

Research Aim: The research aims to investigate the impact of industrial quality control on the quality, reliability and maintenance in industrial manufacturing

To analyse the concept and international standards associated with industrial quality control.
To determine the strategies of maintaining quality, reliability and maintenance in manufacturing.
To investigate the impact of industrial quality control on the quality, reliability and maintenance in industrial manufacturing.

Topic 5: Analysis of the impact of AI on intelligent control and precision of mechanical manufacturing

Research Aim: The research aims to analyse the impact of AI on intelligent control and precision of mechanical manufacturing

To analyse the applications of AI on mechanical manufacturing
To evaluate the methods of intelligent control and precision of the manufacturing
To investigate the impact of AI on intelligent control and precision of mechanical manufacturing for ensuring quality and reliability

Covid-19 Mechanical Engineering Research Topics

Investigate the impacts of coronavirus on mechanical engineering and mechanical engineers..

Research Aim: This research will focus on identifying the impacts of Coronavirus on mechanical engineering and mechanical engineers, along with its possible solutions.

Research to study the contribution of mechanical engineers to combat a COVID-19 pandemic

Research Aim: This study will identify the contributions of mechanical engineers to combat the COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the challenges faced by them and their outcomes. How far did their contributions help combat the Coronavirus pandemic?

Research to know about the transformation of industries after the pandemic.

Research Aim: The study aims to investigate the transformation of industries after the pandemic. The study will answer questions such as, how manufacturing industries will transform after COVID-19? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages.

Damage caused by Coronavirus to supply chain of manufacturing industries

Research Aim: The focus of the study will be on identifying the damage caused to the supply chain of manufacturing industries due to the COVID-19 pandemic. What measures are taken to recover the loss and to ensure the continuity of business?

Research to identify the contribution of mechanical engineers in running the business through remote working.

Research Aim: This study will identify whether remote working is an effective way to recover the loss caused by the COVID-19 pandemic? What are its advantages and disadvantages? What steps should be taken to overcome the challenges faced by remote workers?

Mechanical Dissertation Topics of 2021

Topic 1: mini powdered metal design and fabrication for mini development of waste aluminium cannes and fabrication.

Research Aim: The research will focus on producing and manufacturing copula furnaces and aluminium atomizers with available materials to manufacture aluminium powder metal.0.4 kg of refined coke will be chosen to measure content and energy balance and calculate the design values used to produce the drawings.

Topic 2: Interaction between the Fluid, Acoustic, and vibrations

Research Aim: This research aims to focus on the interaction between the Fluid, Acoustic, and vibrations

Topic 3: Combustion and Energy Systems.

Research Aim: This research aims to identify the relationship between Combustion and Energy Systems

Topic 4: Study on the Design and Manufacturing

Research Aim: This research will focus on the importance of design and manufacturing

Topic 5: Revolution in the Design Engineering

Research Aim: This research aims to highlight the advances in design engineering

Best Mechanical Dissertation Topics of 2021

Topic 1: an overview of the different research trends in the field of mechanical engineering..

Research Aim: This research aims to analyse the main topics of mechanical engineering explored by other researchers in the last decade and the research methods. The data used is accumulated from the years 2009 to 2019. The data used for this research is used from the “Applied Mechanics Review” magazine.

Topic 2: The Engineering Applications of Mechanical Metamaterials.

Research Aim: This research aims to analyse the different properties of various mechanical metamaterials and how they can be used in mechanical engineering. This research will also discuss the potential uses of these materials in other industries and future developments in this field.

Topic 3: The Mechanical Behaviour of Materials.

Research Aim: This research will look into the properties of selected materials for the formation of a product. The study will take the results of tests that have already been carried out on the materials. The materials will be categorised into two classes from the already prepared results, namely destructive and non-destructive. The further uses of the non-destructive materials will be discussed briefly.

Topic 4: Evaluating and Assessment of the Flammable and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Oxide as a Material for SLS Process.

Research Aim: The research will evaluate the different properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) and its potential use as a raw material for the SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) process. The flammability and other mechanical properties will be analysed.

Topic 5: Analysing the Mechanical Characteristics of 3-D Printed Composites.

Research Aim: This research will study the various materials used in 3-D printing and their composition. This research will discuss the properties of different printing materials and compare the harms and benefits of using each material.

Topic 6: Evaluation of a Master Cylinder and Its Use.

Research Aim: This research will take an in-depth analysis of a master cylinder. The material used to create the cylinder, along with its properties, will be discussed. The use of the master cylinder in mechanical engineering will also be explained.

Topic 7: Manufacturing Pearlitic Rail Steel After Re-Modelling Its Mechanical Properties.

Research Aim: This research will look into the use of modified Pearlitic rail steel in railway transportation. Modifications of tensile strength, the supported weight, and impact toughness will be analysed. Results of previously applied tests will be used.

How Can ResearchProspect Help?

ResearchProspect writers can send several custom topic ideas to your email address. Once you have chosen a topic that suits your needs and interests, you can order for our dissertation outline service , which will include a brief introduction to the topic, research questions , literature review , methodology , expected results , and conclusion . The dissertation outline will enable you to review the quality of our work before placing the order for our full dissertation writing service !

Electro-Mechanical Dissertation Topics

Topic 8: studying the electro-mechanical properties of multi-functional glass fibre/epoxy reinforced composites..

Research Aim: This research will study the properties of epoxy reinforced glass fibres and their use in modern times. Features such as tensile strength and tensile resistance will be analysed under different current strengths. Results from previous tests already carried out will be used to explain their properties.

Topic 9: Comparing The Elastic Modules of Different Materials at Different Strain Rates and Temperatures.

Research Aim: This research will compare and contrast a selected group of materials and look into their elastic modules. The modules used are the results taken from previously carried out experiments. This will explain why a particular material is used for a specific purpose.

Topic 10: Analysing The Change in The Porosity and Mechanical Properties of Concrete When Mixed With Coconut Sawdust.

Research Aim: This research will analyse the properties of concrete that are altered when mixed with coconut sawdust. Porosity and other mechanical properties will be evaluated using the results of previous experiments. The use of this type of concrete in the construction industry will also be discussed.

Topic 11: Evaluation of The Thermal Resistance of Select Materials in Mechanical Contact at Sub-Ambient Temperatures.

Research Aim: In this research, a close evaluation of the difference in thermal resistance of certain materials when they come in contact with a surface at sub-ambient temperature. The properties of the materials at the temperature will be noted. Results from previously carried out experiments will be used. The use of these materials will be discussed and explained, as well.

Topic 12: Analysing The Mechanical Properties of a Composite Sandwich by Using The Bending Test.

Research Aim: In this research, we will analyse the mechanical properties of the components of a composite sandwich through the use of the bending test. The results of the tests previously carried out will be used. The research will take an in-depth evaluation of the mechanical properties of the sandwich and explain the means that it is used in modern industries.

Mechanical Properities Dissertation Topics

Topic 13: studying the mechanical and durability property of magnesium silicate hydrate binders in concrete..

Research Aim: In this research, we will evaluate the difference in durability and mechanical properties between regular concrete binders and magnesium silicate hydrate binders. The difference between the properties of both binders will indicate which binder is better for concrete. Features such as tensile strength and weight it can support are compared.

Topic 14: The Use of Submersible Pumping Systems.

Research Aim: This research will aim to analyse the use of a submersible pumping system in machine systems. The materials used to make the system, as well as the mechanical properties it possesses, will be discussed.

Topic 15: The Function of a Breather Device for Internal combustion Engines.

Research Aim: In this research, the primary function of a breather device for an internal combustion engine is discussed. The placement of this device in the system, along with its importance, is explained. The effects on the internal combustion engine if the breather device is removed will also be observed.

Topic 16: To Study The Compression and Tension Behaviour of Hollow Polyester Monofilaments.

Research Aim: This research will focus on the study of selected mechanical properties of hollow polyester monofilaments. In this case, the compression and tension behaviour of the filaments is studied. These properties are considered in order to explore the future use of these filaments in the textile industry and other related industries.

Topic 17: Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Carbon-Nanotube-Reinforced Cementous Materials.

Research Aim: This research will focus on selecting the proper carbon nanotube type, which will be able to improve the mechanical properties of cementitious materials. Changes in the length, diameter, and weight-based concentration of the nanotubes will be noted when analysing the difference in the mechanical properties. One character of the nanotubes will be of optimal value while the other two will be altered. Results of previous experiments will be used.

Topic 18: To Evaluate the Process of Parallel Compression in LNG Plants Using a Positive Displacement Compressor

Research Aim: This research aims to evaluate a system and method in which the capacity and efficiency of the process of liquefaction of natural gas can avoid bottlenecking in its refrigerant compressing system. Advantages of the parallel compression system in the oil and gas industry will be discussed.

Topic 19: Applying Particulate Palm Kernel Shell Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Automobiles.

Research Aim: In this research, the differences made in applying palm kernel shell particulate to reinforced epoxy composites for the manufacturing of automobile parts will be examined. Properties such as impact toughness, wear resistance, flexural, tensile, and water resistance will be analysed carefully. The results of the previous tests will be used. The potential use of this material will also be discussed.

Topic 20: Changes Observed in The Mechanical Properties of Kevlar KM2-600 Due to Abrasions.

Research Aim: This research will focus on observing the changes in the mechanical properties of Kevlar KM2-600 in comparison to two different types of S glass tows (AGY S2 and Owens Corning Shield Strand S). The surface damage, along with fiber breakage, will be noted among all three fibers. The effects of the abrasions on all three fibers will be emphasised. The use of Kevlar KM2 and the other S glass tows will also be discussed along with other potential applications.

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Industrial Application of Mechanical Engineering Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: the function of a fuel injector device..

Research Aim: This research focuses on the function of a fuel injector device and why this component is necessary for the system of an internal combustion engine. The importance of this device will be explained. The adverse effects on the entire system if the equipment is either faulty or completely removed will also be discussed.

Topic 2: To Solve Optimization Problems in a Mechanical Design by The Principles of Uncertainty.

Research Aim: This research will aim to formulate an optimization in a mechanical design under the influence of uncertainty. This will create an efficient tool that is based on the conditions of each optimization under the risk. This will save time and allow the designer to obtain new information in regards to the stability of the performance of his design under the uncertainties.

Topic 3: Analysing The Applications of Recycled Polycarbonate Particle Materials and Their Mechanical Properties.

Research Aim: This research will evaluate the mechanical properties of different polycarbonate materials and their potential to be recycled. The materials with the ability to be recycled are then further examined for potential use as a 3-dimensional printing material. The temperature of the printer’s nozzle along with the nozzle velocity matrix from previous experiments is used to evaluate the tensile strengths of the printed material. Other potential uses of these materials are also discussed.

Topic 4: The Process of Locating a Lightning Strike on a Wind Turbine.

Research Aim: This research will provide a detailed explanation of the process of detecting a lightning strike on a wind turbine. The measurement of the magnitude of the lightning strike, along with recognising the affected area will be explained. The proper method employed to rectify the damage that occurred by the strike will also be discussed.

Topic 5: Importance of a Heat Recovery Component in an Internal Combustion Engine for an Exhaust Gas System.

Research Aim: The research will take an in-depth evaluation of the different mechanics of a heat recovery component in an exhaust gas system. The functions of the different parts of the heat recovery component will be explained along with the importance of the entire element itself. The adverse effect of a faulty defected heat recovery component will also be explained.

“Feel free to contact us if you require custom dissertation topics and titles for your dissertation. ResearchProspect Ltd is a UK registered academic writing company which can provide you with highly qualified writers to assist you in the process of the formation of your dissertation. For more information about the type of services we offer.“

Related: Civil Engineering Dissertation

Important Notes:

As a student of mechanical engineering looking to get good grades, it is essential to develop new ideas and experiment on existing mechanical engineering theories – i.e., to add value and interest in the topic of your research.

The field of mechanical engineering is vast and interrelated to so many other academic disciplines like civil engineering , construction , law , and even healthcare . That is why it is imperative to create a mechanical engineering dissertation topic that is articular, sound, and actually solves a practical problem that may be rampant in the field.

We can’t stress how important it is to develop a logical research topic; it is the basis of your entire research. There are several significant downfalls to getting your topic wrong; your supervisor may not be interested in working on it, the topic has no academic creditability, the research may not make logical sense, there is a possibility that the study is not viable.

This impacts your time and efforts in writing your dissertation as you may end up in the cycle of rejection at the very initial stage of the dissertation. That is why we recommend reviewing existing research to develop a topic, taking advice from your supervisor, and even asking for help in this particular stage of your dissertation.

Keeping our advice in mind while developing a research topic will allow you to pick one of the best mechanical engineering dissertation topics that not only fulfill your requirement of writing a research paper but also adds to the body of knowledge.

Therefore, it is recommended that when finalizing your dissertation topic, you read recently published literature in order to identify gaps in the research that you may help fill.

Remember- dissertation topics need to be unique, solve an identified problem, be logical, and can also be practically implemented. Take a look at some of our sample mechanical engineering dissertation topics to get an idea for your own dissertation.

How to Structure your Mechanical Engineering Dissertation

A well-structured dissertation can help students to achieve a high overall academic grade.

A Title Page
Acknowledgments
Declaration
Abstract: A summary of the research completed
Table of Contents
Introduction : This chapter includes the project rationale, research background, key research aims and objectives, and the research problems to be addressed. An outline of the structure of a dissertation can also be added to this chapter.
Literature Review : This chapter presents relevant theories and frameworks by analysing published and unpublished literature available on the chosen research topic, in light of research questions to be addressed. The purpose is to highlight and discuss the relative weaknesses and strengths of the selected research area whilst identifying any research gaps. Break down of the topic, and key terms can have a positive impact on your dissertation and your tutor.
Methodology: The data collection and analysis methods and techniques employed by the researcher are presented in the Methodology chapter which usually includes research design, research philosophy, research limitations, code of conduct, ethical consideration, data collection methods, and data analysis strategy .
Findings and Analysis: Findings of the research are analysed in detail under the Findings and Analysis chapter. All key findings/results are outlined in this chapter without interpreting the data or drawing any conclusions. It can be useful to include graphs , charts, and tables in this chapter to identify meaningful trends and relationships.
Discussion and Conclusion: The researcher presents his interpretation of results in this chapter, and states whether the research hypothesis has been verified or not. An essential aspect of this section of the paper is to draw a linkage between the results and evidence from the literature. Recommendations with regards to implications of the findings and directions for the future may also be provided. Finally, a summary of the overall research, along with final judgments, opinions, and comments, must be included in the form of suggestions for improvement.
References: This should be completed in accordance with your University’s requirements
Bibliography
Appendices: Any additional information, diagrams, graphs that were used to complete the dissertation but not part of the dissertation should be included in the Appendices chapter. Essentially, the purpose is to expand the information/data.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How to find dissertation topics about mechanical engineering.

To discover mechanical engineering dissertation topics:

Research recent advancements.
Explore industry challenges.
Consider sustainability or automation.
Review academic journals.
Consult with professors.
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How to Find the Perfect Research Topic for Your Mechanical Engineering PhD Project?

Embarking on a Mechanical Engineering PhD project is an exciting and challenging endeavor that requires careful consideration and selection of a research topic. Choosing the perfect research topic is a crucial step that sets the foundation for the entire project, shaping its direction and determining its significance. This blog aims to provide valuable insights and guidance on how to find the perfect research topic for your Mechanical Engineering PhD project. By exploring various strategies, considerations, and resources, aspiring researchers can embark on a fulfilling and impactful research journey, contributing to the advancement of the field and leaving a lasting mark on their academic and professional endeavors.

Finding the perfect research topic for your Mechanical Engineering PhD project requires careful consideration and exploration. Here are some strategies to help you in this process:

1. Stay updated with current trends: Read scientific journals, attend conferences, and engage with the latest research in mechanical engineering. Keeping up with the current trends and advancements in the field will give you insights into the areas that are gaining importance and need further exploration.

2. Consult with your advisor/professors: Seek guidance from your advisor or other knowledgeable professors in your department. Discuss your interests and potential research areas with them. They can provide valuable insights, suggest relevant literature, and help you identify research gaps that can be explored in your PhD project.

3. Brainstorm and conduct preliminary research: Conduct a brainstorming session where you generate a list of potential research topics based on your interests. Then, conduct preliminary research to assess the feasibility and availability of resources for each topic. This will help you evaluate the practicality and viability of different research directions.

4. Narrow down your research focus: Analyze the potential topics from your list and identify the ones that align with your research goals, feasibility, and available resources. Consider the novelty, relevance, and potential impact of each topic. It's crucial to choose a topic that allows you to make a significant contribution to the field.

5. Consider interdisciplinary approaches: Mechanical engineering often intersects with other disciplines such as materials science, robotics, thermodynamics, and biomedical engineering. Explore opportunities for interdisciplinary research to broaden your scope and find innovative research topics.

6. Collaborate with industry or research institutions: Collaborating with industry or research institutions can provide valuable insights into real-world problems and help you identify research topics that have practical applications. Such collaborations may also offer access to resources, funding, and specialized equipment.

7. Network and discuss with peers: Engage with fellow PhD students, researchers, and professionals in the field of mechanical engineering. Participate in seminars, workshops, and conferences to meet and discuss ideas with like-minded individuals. These interactions can provide fresh perspectives and lead to potential research collaborations or ideas.

8. Conduct a literature review: Perform a comprehensive literature review on potential research topics to understand the existing body of knowledge, identify research gaps, and refine your research questions. This will ensure that your research is unique and contributes to the existing knowledge.

9. Prioritize your research goals: Finally, consider your long-term career goals and the impact you want to make in the field of mechanical engineering. Choose a research topic that aligns with your aspirations and allows you to gain expertise in a specific area, which can be beneficial for your future career prospects.

Basic thermodynamics is a fundamental aspect of mechanical engineering that deals with studying energy and its transformations. It encompasses principles such as the laws of thermodynamics, properties of matter, and heat transfer. Exploring research topics related to basic thermodynamics can provide a solid foundation for your PhD project. You can delve into areas such as energy conservation, entropy generation, thermodynamic cycles, and the behaviour of gases and fluids. Investigating the optimization of energy systems, heat transfer enhancement techniques, or the development of novel energy storage technologies are just a few examples of potential research directions within basic thermodynamics.

Considerations

When searching for the perfect research topic for your Mechanical Engineering PhD project, it's important to consider several key factors. Here are some considerations to keep in mind:

1. Significance and relevance: Choose a research topic that addresses a significant problem or research gap in the field of mechanical engineering. Consider the potential impact of your research on theory, practice, and real-world applications. Ensure that your topic aligns with current industry needs and societal challenges.

2. Feasibility and available resources: Assess the feasibility of your research topic in terms of time, resources, and expertise. Consider the availability of necessary equipment, facilities, and funding. It's important to choose a topic that can be realistically completed within the timeframe of your PhD program.

3. Research scope and novelty: Evaluate the scope of your research topic. Determine whether it is broad enough to provide substantial content for a PhD project, but not so broad that it becomes unmanageable. Aim for a topic that allows you to make a unique contribution to the existing knowledge base, either by addressing a research gap or by applying existing knowledge in a novel way.

4. Interdisciplinary opportunities: Explore interdisciplinary aspects within mechanical engineering or related fields. Consider how your research can benefit from collaboration with other disciplines such as materials science, robotics, computer science, or biomedical engineering. Interdisciplinary research can open up new possibilities and increase the impact of your work.

5. Potential for publications and future career prospects: Consider the potential for publishing your research findings in reputable scientific journals and conferences. Look for a topic that offers opportunities for disseminating your work and enhancing your academic profile. Additionally, evaluate how your chosen research topic aligns with your long-term career goals and aspirations within academia, industry, or other professional domains.

6. Advisor and department expertise: Choosing a topic that aligns with their areas of expertise can provide valuable guidance, support, and collaboration opportunities throughout your PhD project.

7. Ethical considerations: Ensure that your research topic adheres to ethical guidelines and regulations. Consider any potential ethical implications or risks associated with your research, such as human subject research, animal testing, or environmental impact. Seek guidance from your advisor and institutional review boards to ensure your research is conducted ethically.

8. Intellectual property and commercialization potential: Evaluate whether your research topic has the potential for intellectual property creation or commercialization. Consider if there are opportunities for patenting inventions, developing prototypes, or partnering with industry for technology transfer. This aspect can enhance the practical value of your research and its potential for wider impact.

When searching for resources to find the perfect research topic for your Mechanical Engineering PhD project, consider the following:

1. Academic Journals : Some well-known journals in mechanical engineering include the Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, and the Journal of Applied Mechanics.

2. Conferences and Proceedings: The conferences, symposiums, and workshops provide opportunities to learn about cutting-edge research, network with experts in the field, and gain insights into emerging research areas and challenges. Conference proceedings often include many research topics and can inspire new ideas.

3. Research Databases: IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar allow you to search for academic papers, conference proceedings, and technical reports related to mechanical engineering. Use keywords and filters to narrow down your search and find relevant literature on various research topics.

4. Professional Associations and Societies: Join professional associations and societies in mechanical engineering, such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) or the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE). These organizations often provide access to resources, publications, and research insights specific to the field. Additionally, they may offer networking opportunities and specialized interest groups that focus on specific research areas.

5. Institutional Resources: University libraries, research centers, and departmental websites often provide access to databases, journals, and research publications. Consult with librarians or research support staff who can assist you in finding relevant resources for your research topic exploration.

6. Research Funding Agencies: Research funding agencies and programs which support mechanical engineering research often publish calls for proposals, highlighting priority research areas and topics. By aligning your research topic with these funding opportunities, you can increase the chances of securing financial support for your PhD project.

7. Collaboration with Industry: Collaborating with industry professionals, companies, and research organizations in mechanical engineering can provide insights into real-world challenges and foster mutually beneficial research partnerships. Industry partners may also suggest research topics that align with their needs or offer access to specialized equipment and resources.

8. Online Research Communities: Platforms such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, and professional networking sites like LinkedIn allow you to connect with researchers, exchange ideas, and explore potential research topics. Engaging in discussions and seeking feedback can help you refine your research interests.

9. Consult with Experts and Advisors: Seek guidance from your PhD advisor, professors, and experts in the field. Discuss your research interests, goals, and potential research topics with them. They can provide valuable insights, suggest relevant literature, and share their expertise to help you identify suitable research areas.

10. Interdisciplinary Collaboration: By collaborating with researchers from other disciplines, you can explore novel research topics that combine mechanical engineering with other fields such as materials science, computer science, or biomedical engineering.

Engineering thermodynamics expands upon the principles of basic thermodynamics and focuses on their practical application in engineering systems. This field of study involves the analysis and design of thermal systems and processes. When searching for a research topic in engineering thermodynamics, you can explore areas like power generation, refrigeration and air conditioning, combustion, and energy conversion. Investigating advanced thermodynamic cycles, improving energy efficiency in industrial processes, optimizing renewable energy systems, or developing novel cooling techniques are all viable research directions within engineering thermodynamics. By addressing real-world engineering challenges, your PhD project can contribute to the development of more sustainable and efficient energy systems, providing valuable insights and solutions to industry and society as a whole.

In conclusion, finding the perfect research topic for your Mechanical Engineering PhD project is a critical and exciting process that requires careful consideration and exploration. By following a systematic approach and considering various factors, you can identify a research topic that aligns with your interests, has significance in the field, and offers opportunities for impactful contributions.

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Experts expanding the reach of engineering research

Between the roles of students learning in labs and the faculty who chart the course of that research, a group of specialists give the research enterprise incredible strength.

Alex Parrish
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Amanda Leong is a research assistant professor in the lab of Jinsuo Zhang. Photo by Alex Parrish for Virginia Tech.

Addressing global challenges requires a strong team, and the work that occurs between the formation of an idea and the presentation of a solution demands skilled hands.

Many of the research faculty who direct labs at Virginia Tech have projects in motion with the potential of making a better world, but that research requires extensive trial and error. To best complete the work that happens between the beginning and the end of those projects, the engagement of skilled experts is essential.

Those same skilled experts also bring mastery into the sphere of educating, standing beside students at a lab bench or lending their knowledge to the next generation of engineers and scientists.

A little more than 5 percent of all employees at Virginia Tech are identified as a postdoctoral associate, research associate, research assistant professor, or postdoctoral associate. Some are attached to specific projects; others work broadly with faculty who are managing a large portfolio.

In most cases, the work comes after acquiring a doctorate in the field, so expertise is firmly established. These are critical positions in the Department of Mechanical Engineering , which hosts more than 30 labs that push the boundaries of innovation through funded research from agencies both domestic and international. Two people working in that realm are Amanda Leong and Sibin Kunhi Purayil.

Amanda Leong prepares a sample in the lab of Jinsuo Zhang. Photo by Alex Parrish for Virginia Tech.

The nuclear option: Amanda Leong

The nuclear engineering program within the mechanical engineering department has several labs in Blacksburg, and two of them house the work of Professor Jinsuo Zhang. To manage multiple projects and students at two sites, Zhang relies on Research Assistant Professor Amanda Leong.

Leong came to Virginia Tech after finishing her bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering at Ohio State, jumping straight into the doctoral program in the College of Engineering with Zhang. She had started with Zhang’s lab when both were in Ohio, where she first started working in nuclear engineering.

She followed the research to Virginia, completing her Ph.D. and learning her way around Blacksburg labs. Her own research focus is on energy, particularly the area of material corrosion in advanced nuclear reactors and the use of molten salt as a fuel or coolant in energy plants.

In her role as a research assistant professor, Leong mentors two senior design teams with projects in her area of expertise, one in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and one in the Department of Material Science and Engineering . In addition to those teams, she co-supervises the lab’s students’ and postdocs’ research and helps address questions as they arise. She also serves as main advisor to an undergraduate research team.

“Dr. Leong does the work of the lab directly,” said Zhang. “Because of her work, we are able to get solutions more quickly when students have issues or problems or when they develop new ideas and new research directions."

She also has continued her own investigations and an increase in the number of published papers that she has produced has followed.

“When you’re a student, you usually just work on one project,” Leong said. “I oversee several.”

With her background in the field, Leong also helps analyze the data coming from the team’s research, quickly filtering issues that could derail the learning process so that students can more easily interpret what they’re seeing.

“Because I was exposed to research earlier, I pick up some things that newer people might not be able to see,” she said. “I really enjoy teaching students, seeing their light bulbs come on. I love solving problems together.”

Leong is enjoying the work she has found in Zhang’s lab, and her hopeful long-term plan is to find her way to a tenure-track research and teaching position.

Sibin Kunhi Purayil works on coatings for solar energy collection in the lab of Ranga Pitchumani. Photo by Alex Parrish for Virginia Tech.

Bringing solar energy home: Sibin Kunhi Purayil

Sometimes, a research scientist with specialized skills is needed for a specific project. This is how Sibin Kunhi Purayil came to work for Ranga Pitchumani , the George R. Goodson Professor of Mechanical Engineering, in the Advanced Materials and Technologies Laboratory .

Purayil earned his Ph.D. in India and worked at the National Aerospace Laboratory before being recruited for Pitchumani’s solar energy research at Virginia Tech. Pitchumani is  editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal Solar Energy  and was  chief scientist of the SunShot Initiative , a federal grant challenge aimed at making solar energy more widely instituted.

Pitchumani received funding in 2018 from the U.S. Department of Energy for a new project to develop high efficiency solar absorber coatings viable at high temperatures, and it was a perfect fit for Purayil’s skill set.

The young scientist spent a lot of time during his 2019 postdoctoral work developing nanometer-thick flexible, transparent, and conductive coatings. These could be used for space, flexible electronics, and solar energy applications employing sophisticated thin film deposition techniques, and he was eager for new opportunities.

Purayil sought a position that would allow him to continue making contributions to the greater environmental good: reduce the carbon dioxide emissions that can result from energy production.

“My goal was to, in my way, reduce carbon emission and work toward global carbon neutrality,” Purayil said. “This project has a lot of possibilities, and if we can improve the solar absorber’s efficiency, it could make a significant contribution to that cause.”

Pitchumani’s project – involving harvesting solar thermal energy at high temperatures with high efficiency - was a great match for Purayil’s goal. Purayil used a novel approach utilizing highly textured, high-temperature-stable solar absorber coatings designed to operate at temperatures exceeding 750 degrees celsius in an air atmosphere. The coatings they chose were made through cost-effective and industrially viable deposition techniques, meaning the technology will be more readily transferable from lab to practice.

Purayil’s prior work with coatings and materials had equipped him with the experience Pitchumani needed. Together they have created the most efficient absorber of solar energy for high temperature solar thermal processes, be it power generation, providing industrial process heat, or producing solar fuels, all contributing to a decarbonized future — and to Purayil’s professional goals. Pitchumani and Purayil have filed for a patent on this innovation.

Better results through expert teams

One of the advantages of the research enterprise at Virginia Tech lies in its blend of experts with budding inventors. By employing specialists who both innovate and teach, a full body of knowledge is being passed on to the next generation of engineers.

In the cases of Leong and Purayil, both have had the opportunity to take their proven acumen in academics to the next level, giving back to learning, and building their own body of work. Working beside professors with long histories in their fields provides insights for how that body of work fits into the bigger picture while finding solutions to the world’s most complex problems.

Chelsea Seeber

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Independent Study Topics in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

Participation in research can be a rewarding component of an undergraduate engineering program. Motivated students can earn credit and satisfy some elective degree requirements by conducting independent study or thesis research with a supervising faculty member. Alternatively, students can be paid to conduct research; for example, by completing a summer Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program at UMass or at another university.

Most undergraduate research projects are “arranged” by the student who meets with faculty to discuss research interests and needs. Students often consult faculty web pages for overviews of faculty research interests and contact information for prospective advisors. Most faculty members welcome undergraduate researchers to their labs, and many can create undergraduate research projects reflecting student interests and capabilities that are related to their own research. Other projects may be more clearly defined in advance by faculty members, derive from other projects, or reflect a new idea that a student wishes to explore. Descriptions of some of the more well-defined research projects follow. Students interested in any of these projects or in other research topics are encouraged to contact the associated faculty members.

Professor Erin Baker :

My research is on energy technology policy, especially related to energy equity and the transition to a low carbon energy system. The methods are mathematical and computational decision modeling. Examples of current honors topics include modeling the impact of heat pumps on electricity demand in New England and evaluating energy storage options, including cooperatively owned and operated batteries and hot water storage.

Professor Wen Chen :

Our Multiscale Materials and Manufacturing Laboratory is very interested in hosting students for research intern, independent study, or senior project throughout the year. Our research group is focused on advanced manufacturing of structural and functional materials using various 3D printing technologies. Structural metal alloys that we study include Al alloys, steels, high entropy alloys, metallic glasses, and 3D architected materials (also called mechanical metamaterials). We also collaborate with many other universities (UPenn, Brown, Stanford, Georgia Tech), national labs (Oak Ridge National Lab, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Argonne National Lab), and industry partners to develop next-generation eco-friendly batteries. Our lab houses a wide range of 3D printing facilities including direct ink writing, laser powder bed fusion, laser engineered net shaping, and plasma wire arc additive manufacturing system. We have a multidisciplinary team working on alloy development, mechanical behavior of 3D-printed materials, powder metallurgy, and electrochemistry. If you are interested in applying for research opportunities in our lab, please send a CV to wenchen [at] umass [dot] edu (Dr. Wen Chen) .

Professor Steve de Bruyn Kops :

I study fluid turbulence at a very fundamental level. Fundamental science, not engineering. I can work with students who have some appreciation for how to move massive amounts of data through a computer (files larger than the hard drive on a laptop). Knowledge of python and C++ is good. Excel and Matlab are not adequate. In particular, I am looking for a student with these computer skills and an interest in learning something about artificial intelligence, data mining, and/or big data.

Professor Xian Du :

I am very interested in the supervision of senior students. Following are my research areas (please also refer to my Google Scholar page here ): Roll to Roll Flexible Electronics Printing Intelligent Vision Medical Device Realization Specific projects regarding which I would like to meet students to discuss include: The design, realization, control, and scale up of Roll to Roll Print Machines. You will work with me and my PhD students who have rich industrial experience, and my industrial collaborators in the project. You will learn both hand-on skills in design and programming, many interesting research directions in the manufacturing of flexible electronics. This project will be good for students who are interested in precision machine design, control, and manufacturing. Machine vision, image processing, machine learning, and data mining for nanomanufacturing, or medical devices. The data can be from MRI, high-speed/high-resolution optical and NIR camera, or microscope. You will learn the how to apply AI to the above areas. You also will learn how to solve fundamental problems in setup, calibration, and using of these imaging devices. You have chance to work with both my industrial and hospital collaborators. This project will be good for students who are interested in AI applications and discovery of novel AI computations.

Professor Chaitra Gopalappa :

My research area and previous work can be found here . Students interested in doing a CHC thesis or independent study should contact me at chaitrag [at] umass [dot] edu (chaitrag[at]umass[dot]edu) to set up an appointment to discuss specific projects of interest. Students can expect to use one or more of stochastic processes, optimization, simulation, computational modeling, and data analytics. Students can expect to work in the "broad" area of disease prevention and control, though the methodologies can be transferable to other areas.

Professor Meghan Huber :

The mission of the Human Robot Systems Lab is to advance how humans and robots learn to guide the physical interactive behavior of one another. To achieve this, our research aims to: (1) develop new methods of describing human motor behavior that are compatible for robot control, (2) understand and improve how humans learn models of robot behavior, and (3) develop robot controllers that are compatible for human-robot physical collaboration. This highly interdisciplinary research lies at the intersection of robotics, dynamics, controls, human neuroscience, and biomechanics. To apply, please follow the instructions here .

Professor Juan Jiménez :

The research goal of the Jiménez laboratory at the University of Massachusetts Amherst is to elucidate the fluid flow characteristics and fluid flow-dependent biomolecular pathways relevant to diseases and processes in the body, by integrating fluid dynamic engineering into cellular and molecular mechanisms important in medicine. Our research focuses on experimental cardiovascular biomedicine; specifically, addressing the interaction of flow in the blood vasculature and lymphatic system with the endothelium. Furthermore, we also work in the area of biomedical implantable devices like stents. Active areas of research are: Atherosclerosis & Stents: Elucidating the role of fluid flow on endothelial cell migration by investigating cell motility, reactive oxygen species, and gene expression Cerebral Aneurysms & Stroke: Recreating the fluid flow environment present in the cerebral vasculature to identify pro-inflammatory endothelial cell gene expression Vascular Biology: In-vitro models of disease and endothelial cell phenotype

Professor Jim Lagrant :

I typically advise 2–3 independent study projects each semester in industrial automation, engineering education, machine design and fabrication. Topics include selection and application of industrial control hardware, Programmable Logic Controller programming, Human Machine Interface design and programming, classroom aid and laboratory experiment design, and equipment redesign. Students interested in doing a CHC thesis or independent study should contact me at jlagrant [at] umass [dot] edu (jlagrant[at]umass[dot]edu) to set up an appointment to discuss specific projects of interest.

Professor Jae-Hwang Lee : Nano-Engineering Laboratory

We are looking for a few research-oriented undergraduates interested in materials in mechanical extremes. Their material research topics could potentially relate to bulletproof materials or additive manufacturing. We prefer a research plan more extended than one semester.

Professor Tingyi “Leo” Liu :

My Inter²EngrLAB welcomes any passionate undergraduate students who want to step out of their comfort zone to prepare themselves for the challenging future. We work on interdisciplinary topics and aim to advance fundamental science and develop enabling technologies in the fields such as Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS), nanotechnology, brain-machine interface, soft electronics and robotics, listing just a few. Example projects include neurosurgical robots, automated nanomanufacturing systems, multifunctional neural probes, super-repellent surfaces. Our projects offer students research experience on mechatronics, CNC machining, MEMS, control systems, hardware-software interface programming, lithography, app design, bioinspired design, human-factor product design, etc., with hardcore training in both hands-on and theory as well as interdisciplinary communication. We have opportunities for students to do research intern, senior design projects, independent studies, and honor thesis that may involve all phases of academic research, technology transfer and development, and industrial product development. I individually train students who are interested in working with me to maximize their potential and let them work with everyone in my lab to encourage diversity and inclusivity. Feel free to talk to me for more in-depth discussion on possible projects.

Professor Yahya Modarres-Sadeghi :

I always have projects for undergraduate students: General Fluid-Structure Interactions (FSI) problems, mainly experimental, with specific problems being those in which the students conduct experiments in the water tunnel or wind tunnel for either fundamental FSI problems, fish propulsion, wind energy related projects, or our bat deterrent device. I also have projects on biomedical FSI.

Professor Jinglei Ping:

The goal of Ping Lab is to determine the fundamental principles governing applications of nanomaterials and nanomaterial-based device structures in biotechnology, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and so on. Fascinating phenomena emerge as materials or devices scale down, inducing "surprises" and offering promise for dramatic improvement in the material or device performances. However, not all "surprises" are favorable. Moreover, fabrication and investigation at micro or nano scales can be technically challenging. We tackle the challenges by combining techniques in bioelectronics, microfluidics, microscopy, microfabrication and more (sometimes we invent the techniques) to harness innovative physicochemical principles at micro or nano scales to create devices and systems for processing, detecting, and/or stimulating biosystems. We are an energetic lab focusing on interdisciplinary research. If you are interested in novel nanomaterials, understanding their bio-transducing properties, building nano-enabled biosensors, etc., reach out to us at ping [at] engin [dot] umass [dot] edu (ping[at]engin[dot]umass[dot]edu) ! Students from underrepresented groups are particularly encouraged.

Professor Anuj K. Pradhan :

The Pradhan Research Group operates as part of the Human Performance Laboratory . Our group conducts research on driver behaviors in the context of driving safety, with a specific focus on advanced vehicle technologies including Connected and Automated Vehicles. Past and current students (undergraduate and graduate) have worked on research projects on: Human Factors of Automated Vehicles, Distracted Driving, Impact of Advanced Technologies on Driver Safety, user-centered design for automotive interfaces, and Driving Simulation Methodologies. These projects are undertaken using an advanced Driving Simulator, or are conducted on public roadways with advanced vehicles, or via analytical human factors methods. Students in the group will have opportunities to be involved in all phases of a research study, from conceptualization and design and preparation of experiments, to data collection, data analyses, and reporting of results. Students will also have opportunities to independently conduct research of their interest if that overlaps with the group’s interests. Our group students are encouraged to and regularly present their research at conferences at UMass or at domestic conferences and are supported financially to do so. Please visit the group website to learn more and to contact Professor Pradhan.

Professor Shannon Roberts :

The Roberts Research group , a part of the Human Performance Laboratory , is always interested in having undergraduate students join our research team. Broadly speaking, our work is focused on Human Factors in transportation safety. We look at how to improve driving behavior among young adults and teens. We also examine issues in driving automation systems, including how to design in-vehicle interfaces & training systems and differences in performance across demographic groups. Undergraduate students have the opportunity to use a variety of tools (e.g., driving simulators) and are typically involved in all stages of research, from ideation to research design to analysis to publishing.

Professor Jonathan Rothstein :

I am always willing to supervise experimental fluid dynamics projects. The list of possible projects is long, and I usually have 10 or so that I sketch out for any student who is interested in working with me. I let them pick out the one that they like best.

Professor Krish Thiagarajan Sharman:

I am interested in working with one or two honors students in the following topics: Modeling an offshore wind turbine using industry standard software. Explore new concepts and produce interesting simulation results. No computing skills needed, but interest in learning new skills is essential. Design, build and test an offshore wind turbine platform in our wave tank (Gunness Hall). Knowledge of SolidWorks is essential. Hands-on work in the workshop will be required.

Professor Yubing Sun :

Potential projects for undergraduate honors research include: using microfluidic devices to study the mechanotransduction in epithelial cells, using engineered hydrogels and pluripotent stem cells to model early neural development, and imaging analysis using Matlab to track cell migration and proliferation.

Professor Frank Sup : The Mechatronics and Robotics Research Laboratory

I am looking for students interested in the areas of: Robot design Biomechanics of human locomotion Collaborative human-robot systems Robot tele-operation

Professor Yanfei Xu : Xu Research Group at UMass Amherst

We are looking for like minded scientists and engineers with synergistic research interests to work together on multifunctional polymers, integrated devices and systems, and advanced manufacturing. Applicants should send cover letter and curriculum vitae through email to yanfeixu [at] umass [dot] edu (subject: Xu%20Research%20Group) (yanfeixu[at]umass[dot]edu) .

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Thesis Topics That Will Shape the Future of Mechanical Engineering

Engineering Future , Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineering is on the brink of exciting changes, with new research that’s going to change the way industries work and what technology can do. Thesis topics in this field are more than just school projects; they’re the plans for the next big steps forward that will make mechanical engineering better and more effective.

For example, topics like advanced robotics and automation are going to make manufacturing and services a lot smarter and more efficient. Sustainable energy technologies are key to building a future that’s not just high-tech but also eco-friendly. Exploring smart materials and tiny technologies, like nanotech, will make products last longer and work better.

In the medical world, studying how the body moves and creating artificial limbs are leading to huge improvements in healthcare. Also, new ways of making things, like 3D printing, are completely changing how we think about production.

All of these areas show that mechanical engineers are really focused on inventing new things and that the field is always moving and changing.

Advanced Robotics and Automation

In the field of mechanical engineering, choosing advanced robotics and automation as a topic for a thesis is very important because it can change the way things are made, how we take care of our health, and how we provide services. Robots are becoming a big deal because they can make work faster, more accurate, and help create intelligent factories, which is a big part of the future of industry, known as Industry 4.0.

Researchers are focusing on making new algorithms to give robots more independence, improving how robots sense and understand their surroundings, and making it easier for people and robots to work together. Mechanical engineers play a crucial role as they work out the complex details of how robots move and are controlled. Their hard work helps overcome challenges that currently exist, leading to major improvements in how well and reliably different industries operate.

For example, in a car manufacturing plant, mechanical engineers might develop a new algorithm that allows robots to identify and fix a defect in a car part on their own, without human help. This could mean cars are made with fewer errors and the production line keeps moving quickly.

Another case could be in a hospital where robots are used to deliver medication. Engineers could improve the sensors on these robots so they can navigate crowded hallways safely and quickly, ensuring patients get their treatments on time. These advancements show why this topic is not just about building robots but about making every industry work better.

Sustainable Energy Technologies

Mechanical engineers who have been working with advanced robots and machines are now turning their attention to creating better ways to use energy that don’t harm the environment. This is really important because the world needs cleaner and more efficient energy sources.

Engineers are working on making things like solar panels, wind turbines, and batteries better. For example, they’re trying to make solar panels more effective by using tiny materials called nanomaterials, and they’re figuring out how to make wind turbines work better with the air around them. They’re also improving batteries, like the ones that use lithium, and looking into using hydrogen as a fuel.

All this research is not just about making things that work well but also making sure they don’t cost too much, so everyone can use them. It’s a big task for these engineers to create solutions that are both smart and practical.

Smart Materials and Nanotechnology

Mechanical engineers are working with smart materials and nanotechnology to create cutting-edge devices and systems. They’re making materials that can change their own properties when the environment around them changes. To do this well, they need a deep knowledge of materials, mechanics, and very small-scale events.

Their work brings together ideas from physics, chemistry, and biology. They face challenges like making these tiny materials and predicting how they’ll act when they’re used.

If they succeed, we could see big improvements in things like medical devices and airplanes, where controlling material properties is very important.

Biomechanics and Prosthetics Design

Advancements in the field of biomechanics and prosthetic design are changing the game for mechanical engineering, with big benefits for people’s ability to move and function. This exciting area is growing thanks to a blend of cutting-edge computer simulations, new materials, and smart sensors.

Experts are working on how to predict and replicate the way muscles and bones work together, aiming to create artificial limbs that move just like real ones. They’re thinking hard about how to make materials that work well with the human body, save energy, and can handle all kinds of physical activity.

One of the biggest technical hurdles is figuring out how to make prosthetic limbs work smoothly with the nervous system, so that users can control them easily and naturally. Meeting these goals could hugely improve life for people who’ve lost limbs or have trouble moving around.

In simpler terms, scientists and engineers are making leaps in designing artificial limbs that feel and act like real ones. They use powerful computer programs, study new materials, and use sensors to make this happen. Their goal is to produce prosthetics that not only fit the body well but are also energy-efficient and versatile for different sports or activities.

The big challenge is to connect these artificial limbs to the body’s nerves, which would let people control them by thought. This work is incredibly important because it can help people who have lost limbs or can’t move well to live better, more active lives.

Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing

3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is changing how we make things by building them up layer by layer. This new way of making things is important because it lets us create complex shapes that we couldn’t make before with traditional methods that take material away. For people who work in mechanical engineering, this is a big deal. It means they can use new materials, make structures stronger and more efficient, and waste less material.

When people study 3D printing, they might look into how heat affects the layers as they’re added, the strength of the materials made this way, or come up with new ways to print things. Real-world tests could also check out the limits of 3D printing, like if the printed objects are weaker in one direction or if the printers we have now can’t do everything we want them to do. Each of these areas could lead to better ways to design, make prototypes, and even mass-produce items.

Let’s take the example of a bike helmet. Traditionally, helmets are made in several parts and then put together, which can leave weak spots. With 3D printing, a helmet could be made in one piece with a lattice structure that’s not only stronger but also lighter. Plus, since we’re only using the material we need for the helmet, there’s less waste.

In a nutshell, 3D printing has the power to change how we create things, from small gadgets to parts for airplanes, making them better and more environmentally friendly.

In summary, the thesis topics I’ve mentioned are key areas where mechanical engineering is set to make big strides. These topics are important because they tackle current challenges.

For example, combining robotics with automation could revolutionize how we work, while developing new sustainable energy solutions is crucial for our planet’s health.

Looking into smart materials and how the human body moves (biomechanics) can lead to breakthroughs in both industry and medicine.

Also, the improvement of 3D printing (additive manufacturing) has the potential to transform how we make things, making production more efficient and environmentally friendly.

These research areas are not just exciting; they’re essential for progress in various fields like manufacturing, healthcare, and eco-friendly practices.

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Precipitate Hardened Nickel Based Superalloy – ME3

Dwell-fatigue crack growth studies are performed on ME3 alloy generated in two different microstructures, one with a planar grain boundary and one with a serrated grain boundary. Summaries of these studies are listed below:

Modeling of Creep-Environment Interaction Mechanisms

A multi-scale, mechanistic model is developed to describe and predict the dwell-fatigue crack growth rate as a function of creep-environment interactions. In this model, the time-dependent cracking mechanisms involve grain boundary sliding and dynamic embrittlement, which are identified by the grain boundary activation energy, as well as, the slip/grain boundary interactions in both air and vacuum.

Grain Boundary Deformation and Fracture Criterion

The deformation behavior of the grain boundary is described by the rate at which the time-dependent sliding reaches a critical displacement. A grain boundary damage criterion is introduced by considering the GB mobility limit in the tangential direction leading to strain incompatibility and failure. The mobility takes into consideration the influence of oxygen flux and resulting dynamic embrittlement of the boundary reflected in alteration of the critical sliding displacement.

Loading Frequency and Microstructure Interactions in Intergranular Fatigue Crack Growth

The role of the loading frequency on the dwell fatigue crack growth mechanism is examined by carrying out a set of crack growth experiments in air and vacuum at three temperatures; 650°C, 704°C and 760°C using a dwell loading cycle with hold times up to 7200 seconds imposed at the maximum load level. These tests are used to identify the transgranular/intergranular transitional loading frequency and to determine the apparent activation energy of the time-dependent crack growth process.

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Precipitate Hardened Nickel Based Superalloy – IN100

Dislocation/precipitate interactions.

The influence of γ’ size on critical resolved shear stress is examined by considering dislocation/precipitate interactions involving particle shearing and Orowan by-passing mechanisms. In this, the critical resolved shear stress which is calculated as the sum of yield components corresponding to solid solution and γ’ particles being sheared and looped. The critical particle size defining the shearing/looping transition is determined and used to calculate the relative volume fraction and size of particles contributing to the critical resolved shear stress.

Isotropic and Kinematic Hardening as Functions of Gamma Prime Precipitates

A microstructure-explicit constitutive model is being developed in which the isotropic and kinematic stress components are derived as a function of the size and volume fraction of γ’ precipitates, considering particle shearing and/or Orowan by-passing mechanisms. The critical shearing/looping particle size is determined from the knowledge of the yield stress of heat treated specimens having different γ’ sizes. This critical size is used to calculate the relative contribution of particles in a distribution based on their size being cut or looped by mobile dislocations.

Relative Contributions of Secondary and Tertiary γ ‘ Precipitates to Intergranular Crack Growth Resistance

The role of secondary and tertiary γ’ on intergranular crack growth rate is examined by performing a series of different heat treatments to vary the γ’ statistics. Dwell fatigue crack growth experiments are performed at 650°C and 700°C in air with dwell time loading cycles. The dwell crack growth rate is shown to be sensitive to γ’ variations. Considering that the yield strength of the continuum is a function of γ’ statistics, the role of γ’ on intergranular cracking is illustrated by correlating the crack growth rate and the continuum yield strength.

A Damage-Based Cohesive Zone Model of Intergranular Crack Growth Process

A cohesive zone model is developed to simulate grain boundary interface decohesion under dwell loading cycle. The role of creep–fatigue and environment has been introduced in terms of a scalar damage parameter coupled with the traction–displacement laws governing the grain boundary cohesion as well as the surrounding time-dependent deformation field.

Solid Solution Strengthened Nickel Based Superalloy – Alloy 617

Dwell-fatigue crack growth in solid solution strengthened alloy 617 with non uniform grain boundary carbide distribution.

The objective of this work is to predict the long terms deformation and damage mechanisms in Alloy 617 subjected to creep-fatigue loadings at elevated temperatures. Microstructural changes in grain boundary carbide precipitates have been correlated with stress during creep at 950°C. Compact tension specimens have been extracted from specimens which have been subjected to creep testing at 950°C. Specimens, containing grain boundary carbide precipitates on all grain boundaries and specimens with discrete carbide distributions are subjected to dwell-fatigue crack growth testing in air and vacuum environment.

Low Carbon Steel

Time-dependent deformation of low carbon steel at elevated temperatures.

The microstructure and deformation properties of structural steel at elevated temperatures are examined in terms of the amounts and morphology of carbides as a function of thermal exposure parameters. A viscoplastic constitutive model has been employed to simulate the flow behavior of the steel. The material parameters were shown to be sensitive to the microstructure and temperature. Variation in carbide amounts and morphology in the post thermal exposed specimens result in differences in the kinematic hardening. Furthermore, the temperature sensitivity of the isotropic hardening is indicated by the presence a cyclic hardening/softening transition in the temperatures 600–700 ◦C.

Simulation of Viscoplastic Deformation of Low Carbon Steel Structures at Elevated Temperatures

The deformation response of low carbon steel subjected to high temperature is simulated using a viscoplastic material constitutive model which acknowledges the evolution of the material hardening parameters during the loading history. Both the temperature dependency and strain-rate sensitivity of the material parameters have been examined by the analysis of a single steel beam and a steel-framed structure subjected to temperatures ranging from 300 to 700C. Sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis is applied to a structure under simulated fire condition.

Deformation characteristics of low carbon steel subjected to dynamic impact loading

Low to moderate shock loading tests have been carried out on steel specimens using a single stage gas gun. Stress history at the back face of the target specimen and projectile velocity prior to impact were recorded via manganin stress gauges and velocity lasers, respectively. The amount of twinning within the α-ferrite phase was measured in post-impact specimens and an analytical approach is developed to determine the twin volume fraction as a function of blast loading.

Precipitate Hardened Nickel Based Superalloy – Inconel 718

Fully lamellar α/β titanium, near α titanium – ti1100, near α titanium – imi834, metal/matrix composite – β21s/scs-6, probabilistic crack growth model and experiments (ghonem-dore data).

[100+] Mechanical Engineering Research Topics For College Students With Free [Thesis Pdf] 2022

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Research Topic For Mechanical Engineering 2023

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Mechanical constraints guide spatial pattern of glioblastoma cancer stem cells

by Shanghai Jiao Tong University Journal Center

A recent study has discovered the function of mechanical constraints in glioblastoma. This study led by Prof. Chen from the Department of Biomedical Engineering at New York University explored the underlying mechanotransductive machinery involved in the mechanical constraints-mediated emergence and spatial patterning of CSCs in GBM.

Using a 2D micropatterned multicellular model, they revealed that Piezo1, collaborating with focal adhesions , cadherins, and downstream cytoskeletal machinery, regulates mechanosensing of cancer cells to mechanical constraints in the GBM tumor microenvironment and guide the spatial patterning of in CSCs. The paper is published in the journal Mechanobiology in Medicine .

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor originating from glial cells . It is characterized by a high fraction of cancer cells with stem-like properties in their tumor microenvironment. This subpopulation of cancer cells, referred to as " cancer stem cells " (CSCs), are defined by their self-renewal and tumor-initiating capacities.

CSCs are tightly associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, high resistance to cancer treatments, and poor survival rates in patients. Despite their prognosis significance, the origin of CSCs in GBM is not yet fully understood. The emergence of CSCs could originate from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

A major mechanical characteristic of GBM is the accumulated stress inside the tumor due to the physical confinement of the tumor by the rigid skull. In this scenario, GBM cells in the overcrowding tumor microenvironment undergo mechanical constraints that impact both the cell body and nucleus, leading to numerous cellular alterations such as cell deformability, traction force and cancer cell DNA transcription.

In addition, gradients of mechanical stresses generated within the confined tumor microenvironment can mechanically induce a malignant phenotype in cancer cells at different regions and influence the emergence and spatial distribution of CSCs within the tumor. Recent studies have found that the distribution of CSCs in tumor tissue is not uniform both in vitro and in vivo. For instance, the EMT and CSCs preferentially occur in the peripheral regions of cell monolayers.

Although plenty of evidence supports that these mechanical cues in the tumor microenvironment influence CSC phenotype and mechanics, it remains unclear how cooperative intracellular and intercellular forces due to mechanical constraints in tumors regulate the emergence and spatial patterning of CSCs in GBM. More importantly, little is known about the underlying mechanosensitive signaling that initiates CSC emergence and maintains the spatial heterogeneity of CSC in GBM tumor.

In this study, Chen's Lab uses a two-dimensional (2D) micropatterned multicellular model to examine the impact of mechanical constraints in tumors on the emergence and spatial patterning of CSCs in GBM. They specifically investigated how the interplay between forces arising from the cell-ECM and cell–cell interactions guide the emergence and spatial distribution of CSCs in GBM.

In different geometric multicellular patterns, GBM cells in the peripheral regions are all found to express a higher level of CSC makers. The distinct spatial pattern of CSCs was found to correspond to the gradients of mechanical stresses generated within the confined environment.

They further highlighted the coordination among Piezo1 mechanosensitive channels, integrins, and cadherins in regulating GBM cell mechanosensing and demonstrated that the upregulation of Piezo1 plays a critical role in the phenotypic switch of GBM cells to CSCs. These findings highlight the role of mechanical forces that originate from cellular contractility and intercellular interaction, which emerged from the mechanical constraints in the multicellular organization, in determining the unique spatial patterns of CSCs in GBM.

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Frontiers in Medicine
Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesiology
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New Developments in Mechanical Ventilation

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A personalized mechanical ventilation approach based on lung physiology and morphology can play a relevant role in the future of mechanical ventilation practice. Mechanical ventilation is not a single disease-targeted therapy. In the era of clinical trials, most population-based data do not reflect individual ...

Keywords : lung imaging, respiratory failure, respiratory mechanics, electrical impedance tomography, lung ultrasound, diaphragm ultrasound, muscle monitoring, assisted mechanical ventilation, weaning

Important Note : All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

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New method can evaluate enzyme involved in process associated with cancer cell death

by Tohoku University

Breakthrough test can evaluate enzyme involved in process associated with cancer cell death

New research could pave the way to developing cancer drugs targeting an enzyme that inhibits ferroptosis, a type of cell death. Cancer cells that are resistant to anticancer drugs are known to be vulnerable to ferroptosis. Therefore, agents that effectively induce or enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to ferroptosis are expected to become novel anticancer agents.

Research presented in a paper published in Cell Reports Methods on February 25 provides a simple way to assess the enzymes essential to this process.

"Ferroptosis, a form of cell death, is noteworthy for its association with heightened sensitivity in cancer cells that are resistant to conventional anticancer treatments. This recognition underscores the pressing need for innovative therapies targeting ferroptosis," said Junya Ito, a professor at the Laboratory of Food Function Analysis at Tohoku University.

"In a collaboration with the research teams at Tohoku University and the Helmholtz Center Munich, a groundbreaking method has been developed to assess the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a pivotal regulator of ferroptosis."

Ferroptosis works through excessive lipid peroxidation, thereby destroying cells. The GPX4 enzyme can halt this process, allowing cells to avoid ferroptosis and cell death. However, monitoring for GPX4 activity can be challenging for multiple reasons, including the fact that the presence of other enzymes and proteins can cause assays to over- or underestimate the contribution of GPX4.

In addition, GPX4 is a selenoprotein, which includes selenocysteine in its active site. This property makes it difficult to create recombinant proteins in bacteria as applied in conventional enzyme assays.

To overcome the challenges associated with evaluating GPX4 enzymatic activity, researchers developed a GPX4-specific assay that uses GPX4 collected from mammalian cells and purified lipid hydroperoxide. The straightforward approach presented in this paper not only accurately measures GLPX4 activity, but it also goes beyond the initial proposed application.

"While conventional techniques have struggled to accurately measure GPX4 activity, this novel approach allows for precise evaluation by directly isolating the enzyme from cellular sources. Moreover, this method extends its utility beyond GPX4, offering a means to assess the activity of other enzymes involved in ferroptosis regulation," said Ito.

The assay that researchers developed to identify GPX4 activity has many benefits. It uses standard equipment, is easy and convenient to develop, is versatile and can be used to measure other enzymatic activity, and is scalable.

In addition to developing an assay that adequately identifies GPX4 expression, it can also identify other enzymes that play a role in ferroptosis. For example, it can properly evaluate the effect of GPX4 inhibitors such as RSL3, which induces ferroptosis by blocking GPX4 function. It can also be used for FSP1, an enzyme that also inhibits ferroptosis. Using this method, researchers newly identified a compound having FSP1 inhibitory effect.

Looking ahead, researchers are optimistic about what this data means for the future of anticancer drugs . "Given its broad applicability, this innovative method promises to revolutionize the development and assessment of novel anticancer therapeutics targeting ferroptosis," said Ito.

Journal information: Cell Reports Methods

Provided by Tohoku University

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MIT economics to launch new predoctoral fellowship program

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The MIT Department of Economics is launching a new program this year that will pair faculty with predoctoral fellows.

“MIT economics right now is historically strong,” says Jon Gruber, the Ford Professor of Economics and department head of MIT economics. “To remain in that position involves having the resources to stay on the cutting edge of the research frontier, and that requires the use of predocs.”

The nature of economic research has changed enormously, adds Gruber, due to factors like the use of large datasets, innovations in experiment design, and comprehensive data analysis, all of which require the support of predocs. This new research model empowers economists to address national and global challenges in profound and much more effective ways.

The new predoc program is made possible by an ongoing major fundraising initiative in the department.

Gruber gave credit to Glenn Ellison, the Gregory K. Palm (1970) Professor of Economics and former department chair, for working closely with Roger Altman, MIT Corporation member and the former head and current member of the visiting committee, to craft a vision for the future of the department that will ultimately include up to 24 predocs that would work for economics faculty at MIT.

“It’s a great vision. They put a lot of work into it,” Gruber says.

With significant support from the Altman Family Fund, Gruber explains, the predoc program will be able to ramp up, providing predocs to the department’s junior faculty. He expects six predocs to start in the department this fall.

“We’ll have a wide range of junior faculty who will be using these predocs for a bunch of really interesting and important questions that are very data- and research-intensive,” Gruber says.

Tobias Salz, the Castle Krob Career Development Associate Professor of Economics, is one of the faculty members already benefiting from a pilot of the new program. He’s working on a large project on the search engine market.

“I am working with a predoctoral research fellow who has been instrumental in many parts of the project, including the design of an experiment and data analysis,” says Salz. “Initially, I was only able to hire him for one year, but with the new funding I am able to extend his contract. The predoctoral program has therefore helped ensure continuity on this project, which has made a big difference.”

Nina Roussille, assistant professor of economics, says her work will greatly benefit from collaborating with a predoc. Several of her projects either require the analysis of large, administrative datasets or the implementation of large-scale experiments.

“This kind of work will be greatly enhanced and streamlined with the help of a predoc to construct, clean, and analyze the data, as well as to set up the experiments and study their effects. This will free up some of my time to participate in more projects and allow me to focus my efforts on high-yield tasks, such as data analysis and paper writing,” says Roussille.

Roussille adds that she’s excited about the opportunity to mentor a young economist on the path to a PhD.

“They’ll greatly benefit from the vibrant research environment of the MIT economics department,” she said.

Gruber sees the program as mutually beneficial for both the predocs and the faculty.

“The advantage for the predoc is they get research experience and they get to know a faculty member,” adds Gruber. “The advantage for the faculty is they get to work with someone who wants to excel and make an impression with the person they research for.”

Beyond establishing the predoc program, this current fundraising initiative prioritizes building resources for faculty research in the Department of Economics. In addition to the gift from the Altman Family Fund to establish the predoctoral fellowship program, this fundraising initiative has secured several other significant contributions, including:

the creation of the Daniel (1972) and Gail Rubinfeld Professorship Fund, through the support of Dan Rubinfeld, PhD ’72;
the Thapanee Sirivadhanabhakdi Techajareonvikul (1999) Professorship Fund, established by economics undergraduate alumna and her husband, Aswin Techajareonvkul MBA ’02;
another endowed professorship in the department, through the support of an anonymous donor;
the creation of the Locher Economics Fund, which will provide discretionary resources to support faculty research for the department, through the support of Kurt ’88, SM ’89, and Anne Stark Locher; and
a gift to create the Dr. James A. Berkovec (1977) Memorial Faculty Research Fund in Economics, established by Ben Golub, ’78, SM ’82, PhD ’84.

To date, almost $30 million has been secured for these purposes, and efforts are ongoing.

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