introduction of pechay thesis

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Performance evaluation of pechay ( Brassica rapa var. chinensis) using different organic growing media under hydroponic system

E S Solis 1

Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science , Volume 1208 , Joint International Seminar and Congress 2022 - Southeast Asia Plant Protection Conference (SEAPPRO) and The International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences (ISSAAS) "Smart Agriculture: Challenges and Opportunities" 03/11/2022 - 04/11/2022 Bogor, Indonesia Citation E S Solis 2023 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1208 012038 DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/1208/1/012038

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1 Institute of Agriculture, Camiguin Polytechnic State Colle – Catarman Campus, Tangaro, Catarman, Camiguin, 9104 Philippines

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There is a growing interest among vegetable growers in using locally available growing media in hydroponic production. This study assessed the growth and yield of pechay, nutrient solution consumption of the plant, and its quality using different growing media (foam, coco peat, raw rice hull, raw saw dust, vermicompost, composted rice straw, composted rice hull) in a Kratky hydroponic system at the Institute of Agriculture, Camiguin Polytechnic State College-Catarman Campus, Tangaro, Catarman, Camiguin from June 10, 2021, until July 15, 2021. The study was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design with seven treatments and three replications. Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) was used to compare the significant differences between treatment means. Results showed that the type of growing media did not significantly affect the pechay growth performance, insect pests and disease incidence, nutrient solution consumption, and final quality of the hydroponic nutrient solution. However, a highly significant difference was observed in horticultural root development characteristics except for the percentage of root per plant and survival rate. In terms of yield parameters, highly significant differences were observed except for the number of marketable and non-marketable yields, the weight of non-marketable yields, and the harvest index. Our results showed that the use of foam could be used effectively to increase production under a hydroponic system. The use of organic growing media (raw rice hull, vermicompost, raw saw dust, coco peat) was also promising for their growth and yield performance. It can be concluded that the growing media affects the growth and yield of pechay in a hydroponic production system; however, the potential use of these various growing media should be further tested for verification.

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American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Bio-organic Fertilizer on Pechay Homegarden in Cotabato

This study focus on the determination of bio-organic fertilizer and levels of application that could gave favorable response on the growth and yield of pechay planted in a home garden at Arakan, Cotabato. Bio-organic farming is a key to sustainable agriculture leading to sustainable development. The bio-organic fertilizers used in this study include fermented plant and fruit juice (FPJ and FFJ). Result of the study revealed that FFJ responded significantly better as compared to FPJ on plant height, number of plant leaves and yield in grams per plant. In the case of the levels of application, higher application levels (6tbsp/lit. H 2 O) excelled on all parameters tested (plant height, number of plant leaves and yield). This implies that higher concentration of FPJ diluted on water will promotes better growth and development of pechay plant emphasizing development of the physical and biological properties of the soil.

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International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS)

Abdani D Bandera

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of Pechay applied with different types and levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers under different methods of application. In particular, the study aimed to evaluate the growth parameters, to determine the yield components, and to determine whether a significant difference between treatments exists on the growth and yield performance of Pechay using different nutrient sources and application methods. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications and the experiment was conducted at Mindanao State University-Main Campus, Marawi City. Results of the study showed that T2 (Recommended Rate (RR) Inorganic Fertilizer) plants are the tallest while T1 (Control) plants are the shortest with a mean height of 14.56 and 8.66 cm, respectively. T2 plants also have the highest mean growth rate of 3.015 mm/day, and T7 (50% RR Organic Fertilizer + 50% RR Foliar Fertilizer) as the shortest with a mean growth rate of 1.237 mm/day. Further, T5 (50% RR Inorganic Fertilizer + 50% RR Organic Fertilizer) plants show the highest mean number of leaves of 10.197, and T1 plants are the least with a mean number of leaves of 6.867. Yield was also highest in T2 and lowest in T1 with a mean weight of 225.863 g and 50.853 g, respectively. Moreover, the results of the study are recommended to the Philippines’ Department of Agriculture (DA) and Local Government Units (LGUs) to guide the farmers and consider adopting the recommendations of this study. These are also recommended to the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) for the consumers to identify foods free from toxic substances.

Universal Journal of Agricultural Research

Horizon Research Publishing(HRPUB) Kevin Nelson

This study compares the effect of Hog Waste Organic Fertilizer (HWOF) and Commercial Inorganic Fertilizer (CIF) on the growth performance of pechay (Brassica rapa) in 7 Treatments: T1-pure soil; T2-soil with CIF; T3-20% hog waste; T4-40% hog waste; T5-60% hog waste; T6-80% hog waste; T7-100% hog waste. The experiment for 30 days was performed on a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The data gathered were analyzed using one-way ANOVA to determine the differences among the growth performances of pechay based on height, leaf width, no. of leaves, weight, and root length. The results present the physico-chemical analyses of both soil and hog waste fertilizers. Regarding the growth performances of pechay (Brassica rapa), T5 obtained the highest plant height-108.27 cm and leaf width-112.07 cm, which were significantly higher than T2 using CIF. The highest weight gain was obtained by T6, which was significantly higher than the other treatments followed by T5, but both were comparable to the samples of CIF, while T3 obtained the longest root length. Thus, the application of 60% to 80% HWOF yields comparable results with CIF. Hence, such application is recommended for community organic farming.

IJSRP Journal

Organic fertilizer is a good source of nutrients for the soil. It improves the soil’s physical, chemical and biological characteristics. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of pechay applied with different levels of compost as organic fertilizer and determines the effect of organic fertilizer in terms of plant height, number of leaves per plant, fresh weight per plant and leaf area. The pot experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and replicated three times. Significant differences between treatments means were determined using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed, that there were no significant differences in the plant height and number of leaves. However, leaf area of pechay was significantly affected by application of T3 = 50% pure garden soil: 50% pure compost (OF) in combination and in terms of yield, the fresh weight of pechay was significantly increased with the application of T4 = 75% pure garden soil: 25% pure compost (OF). Application of 50% pure garden soil: 50% pure compost (OF) and 75% pure garden soil: 25% pure compost (OF) significantly affected the leaf area and fresh weight of pechay. This implies that compost application greatly increased or influenced the growth and development of the pechay plant.

International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science

The study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical properties of Pechay applied with different types and levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers under different methods of application. In particular, the study aimed to determine the phytochemical components of Pechay using different nutrient sources and application methods and compute its Return on Investment (ROI). Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications conducted at Mindanao State University-Main Campus, Marawi City. Results of the study revealed that all three replications of T2 plants showed double positive (++) in tannins while T5 plants revealed double positive (++) in flavonoids indicating that both T2 and T5 plants are having harmful levels of the phytochemicals. The results showed that all other treatments are safe from harmful phytochemical components. Based on the results of the study, considering that T2 (Rec. Rate (RR) Inorganic Fertilizer) and T5 (50% RR Inorganic Fertilizer + 50% RR Organic Fertilizer) treated plants are high in tannins and flavonoids respectively, it is therefore safe to recommend the use of T6 (50% RR Inorganic Fertilizer + 50% RR Foliar Fertilizer), T3 (RR Organic Fertilizer) and T4 (RR Foliar Fertilizer) whatever is affordable and locally available to the farmers. In areas where land area is a problem, this study showed that the use of pots can be a viable alternative to increase production and provide food in urban settings.

Ellen Romero

The Ramon Magsaysay Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment Studies (RM-CARES) has isolated and from Trichoderma longibrachiatum Trichoderma asperellum carabao manure. Since is mass produced in solid form and applied basally, the Trichoderma conversion of into liquid form allows the supply of nutrients at different Trichoderma growth stages of crops. This study aimed to formulate and test the efficacy of combined organic liquid supplement (OLS) from. and fermented extracts from kakawate and Trichoderma spp malunggay leaves, banana fruits, soybean and mungbean seeds. Based on the results for one trial on pechay, undertaken in a certified organic area at the Ramon Magsaysay Center for Agricultural Resources (RM-CARES), Central Luzon State University Science City of Muñoz (CLSU), Nueva Ecija, yield was significantly increased by the supplementation of Trichoderma spp. in combination with fermented plant and seed extracts. Treatment with 1:0.5 ratio of : fermented plant and se...

Annals of Tropical Research

Jonathan Galindez

The Ramon Magsaysay Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment Studies (RM-CARES) has isolated Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma asperellum from carabao manure. Since Trichoderma is mass produced in solid form and applied basally, the conversion Trichoderma into liquid form allows the supply of nutrients at different growth stages of crops. This study aimed to formulate and test the efficacy of combined organic liquid supplement (OLS) from Trichoderma spp. and fermented extracts from kakawate and malunggay leaves, banana fruits, soybean and mungbean seeds. Based on the results for one trial on pechay, undertaken in a certified organic area at the Ramon Magsaysay Center for Agricultural Resources (RM-CARES), Central Luzon State University Science City of Muñoz (CLSU), Nueva Ecija, yield was significantly increased by the supplementation of Trichoderma spp. in combination with fermented plant and seed extracts. Treatment with 1:0.5 ratio of T. asperellum: fermented pl...

shangpong konyak

The present investigation to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Vinayak was carried out during January-December 2016 at Fruit Research Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were T1 ( 200 g N + 200 g P + 250 g K ),T2 (20 kg FYM), T3 (100 g N + 100 g P + 125 g K + 10 kg FYM), T4 (200 g N + 200 g P + 250 g K + Azotobacter 50 g + phosphate solubilizing bacteria 50 g + Azospirillum 50 g), T5 (20 kg FYM + Azotobacter 50 g + phosphate solubilizing bacteria 50 g + Azospirillum 50 g), T6 (100 g N + 100 g P + 125 g K + 10 kg FYM + Azotobacter 50 g + phosphate solubilizing bacteria 50 g + Azospirillum 50 g), T7 (200 g N + 200 g P + 250 g K + Azotobacter 50 g + phosphate solubilizing bacteria 50 g),T8 (200 g N + ...

IOP conference series

Erecson Solis

Scientific Reports

Joshua Ogunwole

In recent times, research attention is focusing on harnessing agricultural wastes for the production of value-added products. In this study, the valorization of Carica papaya (Pawpaw) fruit peels was evaluated for the production of quality organic fertilizer via anaerobic digestion (AD) while the effects of the fertilizer on maize crop were also assessed. Pawpaw peel was first pretreated by thermo-alkaline methods before AD and analyses were carried out using standard methods. The resulting digestate was rich in nutrients and was dewatered to form solid organic fertilizer rich in microbes and soil nutrients. When applied to maize plants, organic fertilizer showed a better effect on plant traits than NPK 15–15–15 fertilizer and without fertilizer application. These were more pronounced at mid to high organic fertilizer applications (30-to-60-kg nitrogen/hectare (kg N/ha)) rate. Comparison between the values obtained from the field experiments reveals that the organic fertilizer showe...

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Background: Pakcoy plant (Brassica rapa L.) is a horticulture plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Pakcoy cultivation can also be done using hydroponic techniques or cultivation of plants without using soil. Wick system is one of the simplest hydroponic techniques. Hydroponics uses nutrient solutions that are AB Mix. AB Mix nutrition can basically be replaced with liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). The LOF used was made from guano and was obtained from the Batu Hapu cave located in Batu Hapu Village, Hatungun District, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of effective dosing of guano LOF on the growth and yield response of pakcoy plants in hydroponic wick system. Research methods used a Completely Randomized Designmethod, consisting of 1 (one) factor with 7 levels of treatment. The treatments applied were P0 (Water one liter), P1 (AB Mix 10 ml/l water), P2 (LOF 40 ml/l water), P3 (LOF 80 ml/l water), P4 (LO...

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