kas essay paper 2021

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KAS Question Papers 2020 - Download KAS Previous Year Papers PDF

KAS Question Papers 2020 - Karnataka PSC will release the question papers of KAS 2020 in online mode @kpsc.kar.nicin. Karnataka KAS 2020 question papers will be released after the completion of recruitment process. Karnataka Public Service Commission (KPSC) releases the KAS question papers for all the stages of the exam. KAS previous year’s papers are released subject-wise and set-wise as asked in the exam. KAS aspirants must go through the KAS previous year’s papers and practice them. To download the KAS previous year’s papers, candidates can click the below given links. Solving KAS question papers 2020 will strengthen exam preparation strategy, clear the concepts as well as improve question-solving ability. Karnataka Public Service Commission Karnataka Administrative Services (KPSC KAS) exam 2020 to recruit candidates for state civil service positions. Download KAS question papers pdf-

Download Previous Year’s KAS Question Papers

How to download the kas question papers 2020, benefits of kas question papers 2020, how to practice kas question papers 2020.

KAS Question Papers 2020 - Download KAS Previous Year Papers PDF

The KAS 2020 question paper download link will be updated in this article as soon as it is released officially. Candidates can check the step-by-step procedure to download question papers of KAS 2020 here:

Step 1: Click on the " Click here " link next to the KAS question papers

Step 2: The KAS question papers will open in the form of PDF

Step 3: Download KAS question papers 2020 and takes its print out

By practising KAS 2020 question papers candidates will know about the type questions which are asked in the exam.

Candidates will be able to know the previous year question trends.

Question papers of KAS 2020 will help them know the difficulty level of the question and the topics on which the questions are based.

By going through the question papers of KAS 2020 candidates will also know about the marking scheme, be fluent with the question-solving process.

Solving KAS 2020 question papers will hone your time management skills as well as increasing your question-solving ability.

The question papers of KAS 2020 will make you confident while appearing for your exam.

It will help in self-assessment.

KAS Question Papers 2020 - Exam Pattern

KAS Prelims Exam Pattern 2020

There will be 2 papers containing objective type (MCQs) questions

Each paper is of 200 marks.

There are 100 questions in each paper

Time – 2hrs (for each paper)

Negative Marking – 0.25 marks for every incorrect answer

KAS Mains Exam Pattern 2020

There are 9 papers thats are essay/descriptive type

The main exam has 2 qualifying papers of language English and Kannada. Candidates have to secure a minimum of 35% in each paper

The best as per many experts is to keep a timer near you. Set the timer as per the time duration of the respective KAS 2020 question paper. Try to solve the question papers within the given time limit. This will help in fastening your question-solving ability.

When the exams are near, say for 1-2 month near, then allot 3-4 hours per day just for previous year question papers.

Keep yourself away from your social media and other distractions during the last few days and it is also better to isolate yourself and invest all your time in preparations and solving the KAS question papers 2020.

The best part while solving question papers of KAS 2020 is to find similar patterns of question and the frequency of time whenever they are asked. If one or two such questions come in the exam you can surely solve them.

Always check the cut off marks of KAS 2020 doing this you will get an idea of the marks you want to score.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

The question papers of KAS will be released after the exam is over.

Download it from the official website as well as from the download links available in the article above.

At least 1 year in advances is the perfect time to start the preparations.

You can download the official website as well as from this article.

KAS exam pattern is further divided into exam - prelims exam and mains exam.

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Explore Career Options (By Industry)

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Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Geotechnical engineer

The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction.

The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions.

Cartographer

How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art , science , and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Operations manager.

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Bank Probationary Officer (PO)

Investment director.

An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

Urban Planner

Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities.

Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.

Naval Architect

A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability.

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

Pathologist.

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning).

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian .

Public Relation Executive

Travel journalist.

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

Merchandiser.

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.

Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment.

Azure Administrator

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KPSC KAS Question Papers [Prelims+Mains] Solved Pdf Download

Homepage » KPSC KAS Question Papers Post Views: 36840

Here is the full list of KPSC KAS Question Papers in a year-wise and subject-wise manner. Get past years question papers of Karnataka KAS Prelims and Mains Exams. Find KPSC Gazetted Probationers Question Papers of Last 21 Years . Download test papers of KAS previous years exams along with answer key. Your search ends here if you are looking for Karnataka Administrative Service Exam Papers. KPSC KAS Online Practice test series of all subjects are available here. Solved Karnataka KAS Exam Papers in downloadable pdf format. Check the following tables to download your desired test paper for free.

KPSC KAS Question Papers Solved Pdf Download

Also check: Karnataka KPSC KAS 2024 Online Preparation

Candidates can download Karnataka KAS question papers with answer keys. Solved question papers of KPSC KAS preliminary and mains exam download from the link given here. Table-1 contains question papers of Preliminary exam. Table-2 has direct links to download question papers of Mains written exam. We also recommend to download KPSC KAS Exam Syllabus so that you can prepare better for your upcoming exam. KPSC KAS (Prelims) is consist of Two (2) papers of general knowledge and language tests. Marks of preliminary exam are not counted in final merit. The Main Written Exam contains Seven (7) different papers. Merit is prepared on the basis of score in following merit-making papers.

General Studies-1
General Studies-2
General Studies-3
General Studies-4
Optional subject-1
Optional subject-2

KPSC KAS Question Papers Gazetted Probationers (Preliminary) Examination

Also check: Karnataka KPSC KAS Key Answers

View and download KPSC KAS Prelims exam papers. Get Karnataka Gazetted Probationers (Preliminary) Examination question papers in downloadable pdf format. Karnataka KAS result of prelims exam is also updated.

KPSC KAS Question Papers Gazetted Probationers (Mains) Examination

View and download KPSC KAS Main Written exam papers. Karanataka KAS Mains exam consists of Two qualifying papers, Five compulsory papers, and Two Optional subject papers. To get a better idea of expected score you can check past years’ KPSC Cutoff Marks of KAS Exam.

KPSC KAS Question Papers Subject-wise PDF Download

KPSC Syllabus PDFs of all subjects available in downloadable PDFs. Previous exam papers give much better idea of the structure of written test. Here you download KAS GS Question Papers and all other subjects of Main Written Exam. This is the best page to get genuine Karnataka KPSC KAS exam papers and online practice series.

Karnataka KPSC KAS Question Papers Final Words

You are advised to check KAS exam pattern carefully before appearing in written test. KPSC exam papers can also be downloaded for much better preparation. If you have any query, or have a suggestion please give your input through comment-box.

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6 Comments on “ KPSC KAS Question Papers [Prelims+Mains] Solved Pdf Download ”

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GP 2019 exam result comes

Wow this called the work how you manage the content on the page is mind gobling.

Thank you for posting all the question paper in proper manner. It’s great help

Send me Karnataka PSC mains solved question papers all

Kerala KAS Previous Question Paper – Download Free PDF

KAS Mains Previous Question Paper - Download Free PDF

Table of Contents

Referring to Kerala PSC KAS previous year’s question papers can be an effective way to prepare for exams. By going through the past years’ papers, candidates can get an idea of the exam pattern, type of questions asked, and the weightage given to different topics. It can help them to focus their preparation on the most important topics and to manage their time better during the exam. Moreover, practicing previous years’ papers can also help students to gain confidence and improve their speed and accuracy. Therefore, it is highly recommended for students to refer to previous year’s question papers as a part of their exam preparation strategy. Download the KAS Previous Year Question Paper now!

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Kas mains previous question paper.

Aspirants download the mains question paper of KAS Stream I, II, and III.

KAS Mains Stream I, II

Kas mains stream iii, why i refer kas previous year question paper.

Referring to the previous year’s question papers for the Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) exams can be beneficial for several reasons:

Familiarity with Exam Pattern: It helps you understand the exam pattern, the types of questions asked, and the distribution of marks across different sections.
Identifying Important Topics: By going through previous papers, you can identify the topics that are frequently asked and focus your preparation accordingly.
Time Management: Practicing with previous year’s papers helps you improve your time management skills by getting accustomed to the exam’s duration and the number of questions.
Understanding Difficulty Level: It gives you an idea of the difficulty level of the questions and helps you gauge your preparedness accordingly.
Practice and Revision: Solving previous year’s papers serves as an excellent practice and revision tool, allowing you to assess your strengths and weaknesses.

Kerala Administrative Service Exam Pattern (Previous)

The Kerala Administrative Service exam will be conducted under three tires. Two written and one interview. The written ones will be of:

KAS Preliminary Examination

The preliminary examination shall be in Objective mode only. Both General Studies question papers would be in English.

KAS Mains Examination

The Kerala Administrative Service mains examination will be a descriptive type examination containing 3 papers of 100 marks each.

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QUESTION PAPER - KAS - MAIN - PART - I,II AND III

JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers, Get PDF Download

Boost preparation with JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers. Check the latest trend and boost confidence by solving JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers PDF.

Table of Contents

JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers: The JKPSC KAS (Jammu & Kashmir Public Service Commission Kashmir Administrative Services) exam is highly sought after, with numerous candidates vying for a coveted government service position. This exam consists of three stages: Preliminary, Mains, and Interview. To succeed, a deep grasp of the syllabus and exam format is essential. Utilizing the previous year’s question papers is a valuable strategy for exam preparation. In this article, we will explore the significance of JKPSC KAS previous question papers in your preparation.

JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers

JKPSC KAS Previous year papers give an idea about the most important component of the exam i.e., the type of questions which encircles the entire JKPSC Exam. It will also help candidates understand the difficulty level of this exam so that students can strategize their preparations accordingly so that the syllabus can be covered within a stipulated timeframe. Solving JKPSC KAS Previous year papers will help students acknowledge what to study and will help in creating a strategy to cover the whole JKPSC KAS Syllabus and avoid mistakes from the JKPSC Exam point of view.

JKPSC KAS Previous Question Papers PDF

By going through JKPSC KAS previous year question papers PDF, candidates can get an idea about the difficulty level of the exam, time management, and the areas where they need to focus more. It also helps in improving their speed and accuracy in answering the questions. They can identify their strengths and weaknesses and work on them accordingly. It is advisable for candidates to solve as many JKPSC KAS previous question papers as possible to increase their chances of cracking the exam.

JKPSC KAS Prelims Previous Year Question Papers PDF

Candidates can download the JKPSC KAS Prelims question paper PDF from the links given in this section. Candidates are advised to solve JKPSC KAS previous question papers as part of their exam preparation to get a better understanding of the exam pattern and types of questions asked in the exam. Check the table given below to download JKPSC KAS Previous Year Papers PDF.

JKPSC KAS Mains Previous Year Question Paper PDF

Candidates can download the JKPSC KAS Mains question paper PDF from the links given in this section. Check below to download JKPSC KAS Mains Previous Year Papers PDF.

JKPSC KAS Mains Previous Year Question PDF : Click to Download

Benefits of Solving JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers

Importance of JKPSC KAS Previous Question Papers: Practicing with previous year question papers is crucial for JKPSC KAS aspirants for the following reasons:

Understanding Exam Pattern: By solving the KAS previous year question papers, candidates can get a clear understanding of the JKPSC KAS exam pattern. They can identify the important topics, weightage, and difficulty level of the exam.
Time Management: Solving JK PSC previous year’s question papers helps candidates develop time management skills. By practicing regularly, candidates can learn to manage their time efficiently during the exam.
Boosts Confidence: Solving the JKPSC previous year question papers helps candidates gain confidence. It gives them a sense of familiarity with the exam pattern and helps them overcome their exam anxiety.

Practicing with JKPSC KAS previous year question papers is a smart way to prepare for the exam. It helps candidates understand the exam pattern, manage time efficiently, and boost their confidence. Candidates must solve as many previous year question papers as possible to increase their chances of cracking the JKPSC KAS exam.

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What is JKPSC KAS Exam?

The Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission (JKPSC) conducts the Kashmir Administrative Services (KAS) examination to recruit candidates for various administrative positions in the state government.

Why should I solve JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers?

Solving JKPSC KAS previous year question papers can help you get a better understanding of the exam pattern and the types of questions asked in the exam.

Where can I find JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers?

Candidates can download JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers from the link given in the article.

How can I use JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers for preparation?

Candidates can use JKPSC KAS previous year question papers as a practice tool to improve your speed and accuracy in solving questions. By solving these papers, candidates can also get an idea of the difficulty level of the exam and adjust your preparation strategy accordingly.

Is it enough to rely only on JKPSC KAS Previous Year Question Papers for preparation?

While solving JKPSC KAS previous year question papers is a great way to practice and test your knowledge, it is not enough to rely solely on them for preparation. It is recommended to refer to other study materials, such as textbooks, reference books, and online resources, to cover all the important topics and concepts.

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Free KAS Question Papers PDF

Download KAS - Question Papers with Answer Keys PDF for Free

Practicing with the question papers of KAS helps you understand the KAS exam pattern i.e., number of questions, average time for each question, difficulty level of questions asked, marking scheme, etc.
Previous year papers of KAS exam will give you a perspective of what kind of questions will be asked in KAS 2019 and what questions have already been asked in KAS 2018 or KAS 2017 and so on.
If you attempt the KAS question papers in their proper format, it’s even better.

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Karnataka Administrative Service (KAAS) Exam : Vacancies, Application Process, Cut-off, Important Dates, Eligibility Criteria, Syllabus and Preparation Tips

The Karnataka Administrative Services ( KAS ) exam is conducted by the Karnataka Public Service Commission (KPSC) for staff selection and recruitment for the state civil service positions in Karnataka. It is also called the Gazetted Probationers examination. Every year, lakhs of candidates apply for KPSC KAS to secure prestigious administrative jobs under the Karnataka Government. It is a very competitive examination.

The Government has announced the KPSC KAS 2021 Notifications, and all the candidates planning to appear for KPSC KAS 2021 must be aware of the KPSC KAS – important dates/exam dates, eligibility criteria for different posts, application processes, selection procedures, and exam patterns, etc. And to help the candidates with this, we are providing you with this article on KPSC KAS 2021.

Karnataka Public Service Commission Overview

Before getting into the exam details, let’s have an overview of KPSC KAS Recruitment:

KPSC KAS Important Dates

The Government has released the KPSC KAS Notification 2021. Here are some critical dates that are announced:

KPSC KAS Vacancy Details for the Group A & Group B

KPSC KAS is a state-level entrance examination to fill the vacancies in the executive/managerial level positions in the state administration. These kinds of posts come under Group A and B cadre in the state bureaucracy.

The KPSC has also announced the 7 Grade A and 99 Group B vacancies this year 2020. Details of such posts to be filled are given in this table.

The posts included are as follows:

KPSC KAS Eligibility Criteria
All the aspiring candidates must be aware of the KAS eligibility criteria after reading the notification. Only the eligible candidates must apply for this exam.
And if any candidate is found not to meet the eligibility criteria set by the authorities at any given point, their candidature will be canceled.
Candidates must have at least a Bachelor’s Degree or diploma from a recognized University.
All candidates must be at least 21 years old. The upper age limit for candidates belonging to General Category is 35 years. The age limit is relaxed for up to 40 years for candidates from specific reserved categories.
Candidates must know Kannada well.

The KPSC Karnataka Administrative Services Exam Syllabus

Aspirants must understand the topics and nature covered in the previous year’s paper and exam in general. All the candidates have to start their preparation earlier because there is a lot of syllabi to prepare. Professionals and previous years aspirants suggest that the applicants always download the KPSC KAS Syllabus 2020 directly from the official website and start preparing for the exam accordingly.

Prelims Syllabus

Current Events related to National & International relevance.
Humanities – History of India – Emphasis should be on the broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic, cultural, and political aspects, focusing on Indian national movement with particular emphasis on Karnataka’s State.
The World’s Geography and the concepts of Indian Geography with the focus on Karnataka.
Indian Polity and the Economy, including the country’s political system, rural development, planning, and economic reforms in India-sustainable development, poverty alleviation, demographics, social sector initiatives, etc., related to India.
Current events of State importance and the critical State Government programs.
General Science & The technology, Environment & Ecology – contemporary developments in science and technology, and their implications including the matters of everyday observations and experience, as may be expected of a well-educated person who has not made a particular study of any scientific disciplines, general issues like-Health, the environmental ecology, biodiversity, and most importantly the climate change- that do not require any subject specializations.
General Mental Ability includes the Comprehension, Logical Reasoning, and the Analytical ability, Decision-making, problem-solving, Basic innumeracy (numbers and their relations, the order of magnitude, etc.,) and data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency, etc., (Class X / SSLC level).

KPSC KAS Mains Syllabus

General studies i:.

Modern History of India and an Indian Culture with particular references to the History and Culture of Karnataka
Current events of State, National, and International importance
Statistical Analysis, Graphs, and Diagrams.

General Studies – II:

Indian Polity with particular reference to the state of Karnataka.
Indian Economy and Geography of India with specific reference to Karnataka Economy and Karnataka Geography
The role and the impact of Science and Technology in the development of Karnataka and India.

Optional Subjects

Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences and Fisheries
Civil Engineering
Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Co-operation, and Sericulture
Mathematics
Criminology
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Political Science & International Relations
Public Administration
Anthropology
Rural Development & Co-operation

KPSC KAS Mains Exam Pattern

The exam pattern for the Mains stage of the KPSC KAS exam is as follows:

Total of 9 papers
English and Kannada language papers are compulsory and qualifying in nature
At least 35% of marks are needed to clear English/Kannada papers
The level of the questions will be of Honours degree level.
The questions are descriptive-essay type in nature, and there is no negative marking.
The question papers will be set in both Kannada and English.
The standard of Kannada and English language papers will be of First Language Kannada and First Language English at SSLC level, respectively.
Total marks – 1750

The 4 GS papers in the KPSC KAS exam contain three sections each:

Personality Test

The candidates who score above the cut-off in the KAS Mains will be shortlisted for the KPSC board interview. Here are a few points to note:

Usually, the ratio of the number of vacancies in that year, and candidates called for an interview is 1:3. Reportedly, it has been increased to 1:5
The KPSC Chairman constitutes the Personality test board.
The board consists of 4 persons out of which there shall be 2 KPSC members.
The other two members will be from among:
Retired All India Services officers
Eminent Professors (Retired) from IITs, IIMs, Central/State Universities
The senior-most KPSC member present will chair the panel.
The maximum marks for the interview are 200
The panel members will not be told the candidate’s marks in the Mains stage.
The KAS interview tests the mental caliber, societal awareness, balance of judgment, and leadership abilities.
The four-panel members will give marks individually, and then the average of those marks will constitute the candidate’s marks in the interview.
The KPSC KAS result or the merit list is the sum of marks in the Mains and the Interview.
KPSC KAS Application Process

Important things to note:

Applications can only be filled through the online mode on their official KPSC site – http://www.kpsc.kar.nic.in/ .
The only mode of fee payment available for the KPSC KAS exam as of now is via online. So if you are going to pay on the last date of application submission, remember that it has to be done within the post office’s working hours.
The KPSC KAS application form will be considered invalid in case of a non-payment of fee.
The application fee is non-refundable.

How to Apply for the KPSC Karnataka Administrative Services Exam?

The only mode of fee payment available for the KPSC KAS 2020 exam as of now is Online mode.
So if you are going to pay on the last date of application submission, remember that it has to be done within the post office’s working hours.
Also, the application fee is non-refundable.

KPSC KAS Selection Process

The KPSC KAS selection process involves the primary three stages:

First- Prelims Exam
Secondly- The Mains Exam
Then after getting shortlisted in both – The final stage is the interview. All Candidates need to clear all of these rounds to be eligible – to appear for the next and final round.

KPSC KAS Cut-off

The KAS cut-off marks are decided by the KPSC based on the multiple factors, such as:

The level of difficulty,
Number of vacancies.
The total number of candidates- who had appeared for the final exam,
KPSC will also declare the cut-offs soon after the final results are announced.

KPSC KAS Interview Process

All the shortlisted candidates from the KAS Mains are called in by the KPSC board for an interview, a Personality Test. The questions explore the candidate’s intellectual caliber, leadership attributes, social awareness, and decision-making skills.

Usually, the number of candidates qualifying for this viva-voce is around 3 to 5 times the number of vacancies. The interview stage carries a maximum of 200 marks.

KPSC KAS Final Selection

Marks obtained by the candidates in the compulsory papers of KAS Mains and the interview are considered to compile the KPSC KAS final merit list. Your last ranks and preference are deciding factors for assignment to various services.

KPSC KAS Admit Card 2020

KPSC has released the KPSC Gazetted Probationers 2017-18 admit card on 17th August. The KPSC GPE Hall Ticket is available in online mode only. So, candidates have to download their KPSC KAS hall ticket from the KPSC official website.

The hardcopy of the call letter will not be mailed or posted to you. Therefore, check the official Website for updates. The admit card is usually made available three weeks before the exam. Candidates have to log in with their Registration ID and Password to download the admit card.

KPSC KAS Result 2020

The KPSC will announce the KPSC KAS results on its official Website after every round. Therefore, candidates need to keep an eye out for any recent updates on the results and exam. To check the results, candidates have to visit the official Website and log in with their unique registration ID and password.

So, now you are aware of all the necessary details regarding the KPSC KAS exam. As the exam is extremely competitive, the sooner you start your preparation, the better. You will have more time for revision.

Make the best use of the time you have and crack the exam with flying colors. We hope this detailed article helps you. If you have any queries, feel free to ask in the comment section below. We will get back to you at the earliest.

Karnataka Administrative Services Exam Preparation

Time management: Self-assessment is a crucial part of any preparation. Practice needs to be done, and aspirants should practice as many Mock Tests as possible in close to examination environment as it will improve the result of time management incredibly.
During preparation: Avoid oily food directly before the test – your brain needs proper digestion. Eat a lot of vegetables & drink water – like inexperienced leaves, carrots, etc. which can decrease your eyestrain and sharpen your memory.
Planning: Plan your studies a minimum of two months before the test – this can be the foremost necessary side towards securing an honest rank. The plan should ideally and technically be drafted up to 2 months before the date of examination; after that, a revised schedule might be put into operation. Prepare a straightforward timetable with ample time for every subject.
Last moment revisions are critical: It all depends on the previous three days before the final examination. Relax the schedule’s bit, strive to recapitulate the knowledge, and revise the matter that you could not remember. Revise the utterly unmemorable data like organic chemistry values, aphorisms, observations, etc.
Remember: Remember that there is no magic formula for success in an interview. Proper preparation, judicious application of common sense, and self-confidence are the key factors that will help us in an interview.

A few more tips for the Karnataka PSC KAS Exam Preparation

First, list down all the subjects that are in syllabus both for preliminary exam and main exam.
Be honest in preparing each subject thoroughly and list all critical events in a revision book—especially history, economic reforms in India and state.
Take out all the questions from all the subjects and try to answer them without referring, the questions you don’t answer list down the topic you are facing trouble. Now start to prepare those topics.
Purchase separate books for each subject in detail, read articles from the daily newspaper.
Try to write down all the topics and schedule them and stick that time table in your room.
Solve previous question papers, try to solve recent political and economic situations in the country, question yourself why this is happening, and different aspects to solve the problem. This will help you in analyzing practical situations and issues.
The best time to Prepare is when your mind is active and ready to analyze the topic effectively- Means finishing topics more in less time and effectively.
Have healthy foods, stick to vegetarian, and have fruits in each interval of your studies and have enough water during studies, physical workout, yoga, and meditation should be included I. Your daily routine. This keeps your body and mind inactive phase and gives you more benefits.
Never be overconfident on subjects like Indian history economic condition and reforms, name of strikes, budget, years, political falls, etc. You’ll come to know while studying, to which one you have to give more importance.

The Karnataka Public Service Commission (KPSC), established in 1951 under the constitution’s provisions, recruits candidates to the various civil services across the state. The final selection is based on the marks scored by candidates in the commission’s examination (preliminary and main) and personality tests.

Note: For some services in the state, the commission only conducts written competitive examination or takes a personality test of the candidate.

Areas covered in this article

KAS Exam Date
KPSC KAS Syllabus
KPSC KAS Exam Pattern
KPSC KAS Preparation Tips

Relevant Links

For more information regarding eligibility and other rules, click on this link .
Learn more about the State Public Service Commission in this link .
Karnataka Administrative Services Exam : Previous Years Question Papers

Download KPSC KAS 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020 Question Paper PDFs

KPSC Karnataka Administrative Service (KAS) Previous Question Papers Download : Candidates who are going to appear in KPSC KAS exams may start their preparation from previous papers. Here on this page, we are going to share all old solved question papers of Karnataka Public Service Commission. Along with these KPSC KAS Model Question Papers, we will also provide KPSC Gazetted Probationers syllabus and KAS Exam Pattern.

Karnataka Public Service Commission KAS Solved Question Papers Updated

Kpsc karnataka administrative service (kas) previous question paper with answers, download karnataka psc gazetted probationers old papers 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, etc.., karnataka administrative service prelims and mains question papers pdf download link:, how to download kpsc kas mains and prelims solved question papers 2021.

Karnataka Public Service Commission Previous Year Papers are available for download for free. You can download KPSC KAS Sample Papers here for free. These Karnataka PSC KAS last year papers will help you to better prepare for the exams by understanding the type of questions paper.

Applicants can download Solved paper for following posts:

Gazetted Probationers

This website provides KPSC KAS question papers and solutions. So, Here you can get KPSC KAS Sample Paper, Karnataka PSC KAS Model Paper, KPSC KAS Past 10 Years Paper, Karnataka Administrative Service Sample paper download in pdf file. It will give you a fair idea about the type of questions asked, number of questions in KPSC KAS Mains and Prelims Exam etc.

KPSC KAS Prelims Paper-1 Model Question Papers PDF Download
KPSC KAS Prelims Paper-2 Model Question Papers PDF Download
KPSC KAS Mains General Studies Model Question Papers PDF Download
KPSC KAS Mains Compulsory English Model Question Papers PDF Download
KPSC KAS Mains Compulsory Kannada Model Question Papers PDF Download
Candidates have to visit the official site of KPSC KAR i.e. http://kpsc.kar.nic.in/
Now search for Karnataka Administrative Service Question Paper
Find the link download Karnataka KAS previous year question paper year wise
Click on the link, the file will be downloaded in Pdf format.
The file must be open in adobe reader.

We Suggest students download the KPSC KAS Solved papers to prepare for Upcoming Exam. So, here we have shared complete information about Karnataka Administrative Service solved question with the solution. If you are facing any problem, feel free to comment here.

KPSC KAS Previous Papers 2022 – Exam Pattern, Syllabus

August 12, 2022 by Leave a Comment

KPSC KAS Gazetted Probationers Previous Year Papers 2022 Overview

To know about the important features of KPSC KAS Gazetted Probationers previous year papers, refer to the table below:

KPSC KAS Gazetted Probationers Previous Year Papers 2022

The direct links to download the KPSC KAS previous year papers pdfs are given below. Click on the respective link to download it:

KPSC KAS Gazetted Probationers Previous Year Papers 2022 Benefits

The eligible candidates are advised to practice the previous year’s papers because:

Candidates can get proper knowledge of the exam pattern, marking scheme and other related information.
By solving previous papers, the candidates have a high chance of clearing the examination.
It is a good preparation strategy to begin with.

KPSC KAS Gazetted Probationers Previous Year Papers 2022 FAQs

There is no information about the vacancy of Gazetted Probationers on the official website.

There is no information about the examination details of Gazetted Probationers on the official website.

Other Government Previous Year Papers

The links to other previous year papers of government jobs are shared below:

RRB Pharmacist Previous Papers
Indian Navy SSR Previous Papers
HPSSSB Clerk Previous Papers
MP PAT Previous Papers
APPSC Group 3 Previous Papers
Dibrugarh University Previous Year Question Paper

Hopefully this post had all the required information about KPSC KAS previous year papers and exam. Start preparing for the exam with the previous papers given in the post. For more updates, follow Government exams and get details about all upcoming exams in India.

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KAS Question Papers PDF Download 2024

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Open the Shikarat website, click on the menu section, then select “Question Papers” and “KAS Question Papers.” Look for the PDF download link, and finally, you will get KAS question papers in PDF format. You can also print them out.

Can we write KAS exam in English?

Is kas and kpsc same.

no, The Karnataka Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts Karnataka Administrative Services (KAS)

What is the salary of tahsildar in Karnataka?

What is difference between kas and kpsc.

KAS: State administrative officers in Karnataka. KPSC: The agency that conducts exams to hire people for government jobs in Karnataka, including KAS officers.

KAS Useful Links

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KPSC KAS Preparation

The Karnataka Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts the KAS exam , officially known as the Gazetted Probationers exam to fill Group A and B vacancies in the Karnataka state administration.

This article aims to be a guide for your KAS Preparation and you can find study material and KPSC related information here. Aspirants preparing for KPSC KAS 2017-18 (currently undergoing exam) will find the details useful. KAS 2017-18 prelims exam took place on 24th August 2020. KAS 2020-21 notification hasn’t yet released.

The Karnataka Administrative Service aspirants should also check out the IAS exam which is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). There is a significant overlap of the syllabus and the exam pattern of both KAS and IAS exam is similar.

Candidates who get selected in KAS can also be promoted to IAS officers if their work performance is exemplary.

Aspirants should know that KPSC KAS also stands for Kerala Public Service Commission – Kerala Administrative Service. Aspirants looking for information on Kerala Administrative Service may check the links given below:

Before we discuss preparation for KAS 2017-18 Mains and KAS 2020-21, here is some important information regarding KPSC KAS exam:

Candidates should first go through the eligibility criteria for KAS exam .
Understanding the KAS exam pattern is important as it is a long 3-stage process (Prelims, Mains and Interview)
Reading the entire KAS syllabus is very important so that candidates do not waste time reading unnecessary material.
Get the KPSC Recruitment details here.
The KAS Admit Card for Gazetted Probationers Exam 2017-18 has been released. It is an important document to be carried along on the examination day. Read the details about the admit card in the linked article.

Download KAS Syllabus PDF – Download PDF here

KPSC exams are conducted regularly for various posts and for information regarding notifications, exam dates, notifications, results, etc., refer to the official KPSC site (http://kpsc.kar.nic.in).

KAS Preparation

As the first step, candidates should go through the KAS Previous Years’ Question Papers . You can also download the Prelims and Mains question papers from the linked article.

The golden rule of civil service exam preparation is reading the newspaper daily and staying up-to-date with current affairs. The Hindu is generally considered to be the best newspaper for civil services preparation.

Here you can find Daily Video Analysis of The Hindu .

It is important that candidates read the current affairs from only select credible sources. The notes for current affairs should be aligned with the KAS syllabus.

Other than newspapers, a few important current affair preparation sources are:

Press Information Bureau – Get PIB Summary here
Rajya Sabha TV – Get Gist of RSTV here
Yojana Magazine – Get Gist of Yojana here
Daily News Analysis
Important Government Schemes

The KAS preparation can be in Kannada or English depending on the candidate’s preference. As the KAS exam intends to recruit for Karnataka civil service posts, there is a big section of the syllabus which focuses on Karnataka (history, geography, demography, current affairs etc.)

Other than the Karnataka specific portion, the KAS syllabus and the UPSC syllabus are quite similar.

Also, both the UPSC IAS exam and KPSC KAS exam are conducted in three stages:

Prelims – objective type questions (MCQs) – 2 papers
Mains – essay/descriptive type questions – 9 papers ( 2 qualifyings, 4 General Studies, 2 optional subject papers)
Interview by the commission board

KAS Books/Authors/Study Material:

Important KAS preparation books for Kannada Medium aspirants:

Best Books for KAS Preparation

Apart from the books above, there are recommended KAS Books for preparation are as follows:

Budget and Economic Survey
State Board books
NCERT books – Download NCERT books PDF here (only English medium)
Indian polity by Lakshmikanth
Indian polity by DD Basu
Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh
Modern India – Spectrum Publication
Lexicons Book for Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude (Chronicle Publication)

For reference to different subjects’ notes and other useful studies’ materials for KAS preparation, you can check:

Polity Notes
Economics Notes
Difference Between Articles

NCERT books are universally recommended as the starting point for Civil Services preparation. Making notes from NCERT books is important as it helps during revision time.

From the links below, you can download the NCERT notes for free.

NCERT Notes: Ancient Indian History Notes
NCERT Notes: Medieval Indian History Notes
NCERT Notes: Modern Indian History Notes
NCERT Notes: Art And Culture
NCERT Notes: Geography Notes

For English medium candidates, the KAS books are the standard UPSC reference books such as Bipin Chandra, Laxmikanth, Ramesh Singh etc. and the NCERT books/notes mentioned above.

How to pass KAS Exam in the first attempt?

Some important points to keep in mind regarding KAS preparation:

Practice previous years’ question papers
Do MCQ solving practice for Prelims
Do answer writing practice for Mains

A candidate who is preparing for KAS Exam must go through the previous year questions asked in both Prelims and Mains. It is an important source of trend analysis and will help you know the demand for the examination. Below, you can find some of the general topics questions asked from different sections in KPSC KAS 2017-18 prelims, and you can read the related KAS notes for next prelims and also for KAS Mains 2017-18 Paper I :

The above question is from Humanities section related to Indian Polity. You can read M.Laxmikanth’ Indian Polity to learn about the different taxes. Know the tips to study Polity from Laximkanth’s Indian Polity for KAS Exam at the linked article.

The above question is from Ancient History of India under the Humanities section. One can read about the same and similar topics from the links provided in the table below:

Now, the above question is general in nature but belongs to economics under Humanities. We have a dedicated post on unemployment in India which can be read the linked article.

15 important topics from where questions were asked in the KAS Prelims 2017-18 Paper 1:

Kushan Empire
Attorney General of India
Gupta Empire
Market Operations in Indian Economy
Waterfalls in India
Biosphere Reserves in India
Indian Constitution
Constitutional Amendment
PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana
Bharat Ratna Awardees
Fundamental Rights
Prime Minister of India
One Belt One Road Initiative

KAS Notes on the above-mentioned topics can be found from the links in the table below:

10 important topics from where questions were asked in the KAS Prelims 2017-18 Paper 2:

National Ganga Council
Super Computers
Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Geographical Indication (GI)
Air-to-Air Missiles
Red Data Book
National Food Security Mission
Biodiversity Hotspots

Here, candidates can download the KAS books list/ UPSC books list PDF.

KAS Books List/UPSC Book List PDF:- Download PDF Here

Aspirants preparing for multiple state examinations can go through preparation articles for important PSC exams below:

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Russian IADS Redux Part-7: The Effectors

In the next part of our series on Russia’s strategic integrated air defence system, we look at the kinetic ground-based air defence systems it deploys.

In part-6 of our series on Russia’s strategic Integrated Air Defence System (IADS) we examined the command and control architecture it depends upon. The IADS’ role is ultimately to provide a response to air threats approaching or entering Russian airspace. In Russian air defence doctrine this response is provided using kinetic and/or electronic effects.

The kinetic side of the IADS depends on the Russian Aerospace Force’s (RASF’s) fighters and Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) systems. Sources have shared with Armada that both the fighter and SAM force would be deployed in wartime to protect key Russian strategic targets. Typically, these could include politico-military targets like the Kremlin, the seat of the Russian government in Moscow. Other potential strategic targets include hardened facilities believed to be earmarked for use by the Russian leadership in wartime. One of these facilities is thought to be located at Mount Yamantau, southwest Russia. A back-up facility may exist at Mount Kosvinsky Kaman, western Russia. Russia’s industrial city of Elektrostal, on the eastern outskirts of Moscow, was one of the first locations where the RASF deployed its S-400 (NATO reporting name SA-21 Growler) high-altitude, long-range SAM systems in 2010.

The SAM Systems

Moscow itself is ring-fenced by the RASF’s 53T6 (ABM-3 Gazelle) anti-ballistic missile system. The 53T6 employs SAMs equipped with a ten kiloton (one kiloton is equal to 1,000 tonnes of conventional explosive) nuclear warhead. These missiles would detonate at altitude in proximity to incoming salvos of ballistic missile warheads or formations of hostile aircraft. The logic is that this ‘shotgun’ approach will vaporise, or at least badly damage, these targets.

The S-400 is the mainstay of the RASF SAM force. A typical S-400 battalion includes two batteries. A battery comprises between eight and twelve individual launch vehicles, each equipped with four missile tubes. Thus, an S-400 regiment could have between 56 and 84 individual missiles ready to launch if fully loaded. Each battery has a command post, a 91N6 (Big Bird) S-band (2.3 gigahertz/GHz to 2.5GHz/2.7GHz to 3.7GHz) 324 nautical mile/nm (600 kilometre/km) range surveillance and tracking radar. The 91N6 is joined by a 96L6E (Cheese Board) C-band (5.25GHz to 5.925GHz) early warning and target acquisition radar. This radar has a range of up to 162nm (300km). A plethora of SAMs can be launched by the S-400 with an array of engagement ranges from 21.6nm (40km) using the active radar homing 9M96E missile. Engagement ranges can reach up to 216nm (400km) using the 40N6E missile which has a reported engagement altitude of 98,425 feet/ft (30,000 metres/m).

Legacy systems used by the RASF include the S-300PS (SA-10B Grumble-B) and S-300PM (SA-10D/E Grumble) which have subtle differences. An S-300PS battery has three Maz-543 launch vehicles each with four launch tubes. The battery is also equipped with a single 5N63S (Flap Lid-B) X-band (8.5GHz to 10.68GHz) fire control radar. An S-300PM battery has a single 36N6E (Flap Lid) X-band/Ku-band (13.4GHz to 14GHz/15.7GHz to 17.7GHz) fire control radar with a 162nm (300km) range. Joining the 36N6E is a 76N6 (Clam Shell) X-band (8.5GHz to 10.68GHz) search and track radar with a 70nm (120km) range. The rest of the battery is comprised of up to eight Kraz-260 launch vehicles each with four tubes. Both the S-300PS/PM are thought to deploy 48N6/E SAMs which have a reported 81nm (150km) range. The S-300PS/PM’s 5V55R missile has an engagement range of up to 48.6nm (90km).

Sources have shared with Armada that RASF SAM batteries are not routinely deployed but may deploy from time-to-time to support exercises or training. The batteries would only be deployed in anger to protect key strategic targets like those discussed above. The sources continued that the task of the SAM units is to provide a protective ‘bubble’ above these targets. Air defence coverage up to 54 nautical miles/nm (100 kilometres/km) altitude and a range radius of 189nm (350km) around the target would be provided. The SAM units would work to attrit any incoming air attack as much as possible. Russian air defence doctrine focuses on safeguarding as many strategic targets as possible in anticipation of an eventual counterattack.

One crucial part of the RASF’s SAM force is its 96K6 Pantsir-S1 (SA-22 Greyhound) combined medium-range SAM and anti-aircraft artillery systems. 96K6 units would deploy with S-300 and S-400 batteries. Their role would be to destroy air-launched weapons like anti-radiation missiles or attack helicopters engaging the batteries Armada’s sources added.

Over the longer term, the RASF is looking to introduce new SAM systems to enhance the strategic IADS in the form of the S-350E and S-500 Prometey long-range, high-altitude SAM systems. The S-350E is mooted as a replacement for the RASF’s S-300PS/PM batteries. Open sources state that a S-350E battery has one 50N6A X-band ground-based air surveillance radar with a range of 215nm (400km). The 50N6A is joined by a single 50K6A mobile command post and up to eight 50P6 launch vehicles. Each launch vehicle can fire 9M96/E or 9M100 SAMs with engagement ranges and altitudes of up to 65nm (120km) and 98,000ft (30,000m) respectively. It was reported in January 2020 that the first S-350E battery had entered service, although a developmental system may have been deployed to support Russia’s military presence in Syria. The VKS could receive twelve S-350E batteries by 2027.

The S-500 is mooted to have a longer engagement range than the S-350E. The S-500 ensemble includes a 91N6A(M) air surveillance and battle management radar. This radar is an enhanced version of the 91N6A radar accompanying the S-400. The S-500’s 96L6TSP target acquisition radar is an enhanced variant of the S-400’s 96L6E. These two systems are accompanied by the 76T6 multimode fire control radar, itself thought to be a derivative of the 92N6. Also forming part of the S-500 ensemble is the 77T6 anti-ballistic missile engagement radar the capabilities of which remain largely unknown in the public domain.

Open sources say that missiles equipping the S-500 could hit targets at ranges of up to 270nm (500km). Russian sources have claimed that the S-500 could engage targets at up to 656,168ft (200,000m) altitude. Russian media, seldom the most reliable source, claim that the first S-500 regiment went on combat duty in October 2021.

The long-term prognosis for the S-500 and S-350E systems remains uncertain. As documented by the Royal United Services Institute, a London-based thinktank, the Russian defence industry is dependent on clandestinely-sourced Western microelectronics for sophisticated weapons systems. Will Western efforts to clamp down on Russia’s access to such technology have an impact on the fortunes of the S-350E and S-500?

Stay tuned for more analysis on Russia’s strategic air defence capabilities in the next instalment of our Russian IADS Redux series.

by Dr. Thomas Withington

Read our other Russian IADS Redux articles:

Russian IADS Redux Part-1: Resonating with Resonance
Russian IADS Redux Part-2: Hilltop View
Russian IADS Redux Part-3: Strategic Skywatchers
Russian IADS Redux Part-4: Missing Link
Russian IADS Redux Part-5: Reset Password?
Russian IADS Redux Part-6: Fundament-alists

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Russia completes fuel deliveries for China’s CFR-600 fast reactor

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With the launch of the first CFR-600 power unit, the Xiapu NPP in Fujian Province will become the only nuclear power plant outside of Russia with a large-capacity fast neutron reactor. A special section for the production of CFR-600 uranium fuel was established at the MSZ in 2021 and the site for the fabrication of fast reactor fuel assemblies was modernised with the development and installation of unique equipment. At the end of 2021, assemblies of the control and protection system were sent to Chine to enable testing the reactor simulation zone.

The contract for the supply of fuel for the CFR-600 was concluded in December 2018 as part of the implementation of a China-Russia government agreement as part of a large-scale comprehensive programme of cooperation in the field of nuclear energy for the coming decades. This includes the serial construction of the latest Russian nuclear power units with generation 3+ VVER-1200 reactors at two Chinese NPP sites (Tianwan and Xudabao). A package of intergovernmental documents and framework contracts for these projects were signed in 2018 during a meeting of heads of state.

Oleg Grigoriev, Senior Vice President for Commerce & International Business at Tvel said the delivery of fuel for the CFR-600 project. “is another important area of our cooperation in addition to the fuel supply of VVER reactors at the Tianwan NPP, the development of VVER fuel fabrication at China’s Yibin plant, as well as the supply of fuel for the first Chinese experimental fast reactor CEFR.” He added: “Rosatom has over 40 years of unique experience in the production of fuel for fast reactors, and we see significant potential for further use of this experience in the implementation of the strategy of two-component nuclear energy - with the simultaneous operation of thermal fast neutron reactors - not only in Russia , but also in China.”

Image: The fuel assemblies were manufactured at the Elemash Machine-Building Plant in Elektrostal, near Moscow (courtesy of Tvel)

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Variation of the Technical Parameters of Steam-Activated Carbons Based on Peat and Polyurethane-Polyamide Fiber Waste

Sorption and Ion-Exchange Processes
Published: November 2005
Volume 78 , pages 1816–1820, ( 2005 )

Cite this article

A. N. Khomutov 1 , 2 ,
V. N. Klushin 1 , 2 &
V. M. Mukhin 1 , 2

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The wear resistance, porosity, and ion-exchange properties of steam-activated cokes in the form of cylindrical granules, obtained from Dorlastan polyurethane-polyamide fiber waste and cotton grass-sphagnum peat under conditions of purely kinetic control were studied at the combustion loss increased to 50%.

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Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 11, 2005, pp. 1848–1852.

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Khomutov, A.N., Klushin, V.N. & Mukhin, V.M. Variation of the Technical Parameters of Steam-Activated Carbons Based on Peat and Polyurethane-Polyamide Fiber Waste. Russ J Appl Chem 78 , 1816–1820 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11167-005-0613-4

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Received : 25 November 2004

Accepted : 15 July 2005

Issue Date : November 2005

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11167-005-0613-4

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