aiou compulsory english 1423 solved assignment 2022

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AIOU Course Code 1423-1 Solved Assignment Spring 2022

ASSIGNMENT No. 1

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Q.1   Convert the following statements into appropriate questions.                     

• She is serving in education ministry these days.

Is she serving education ministry these days?

• Massive illiteracy is the greatest hurdle in the path of progress and prosperity.

Is massive illiteracy the greatest hurdle in the path of progress and prosperity?

• The old lady talked to me very politely.

Did the old lady talked to me politely?

• She takes much interest in historical fiction.

Does she takes much interest in historical fiction?

• They are going to visit us really very soon.

Are they going to visit us very soon?

• We will fight against ignorance till our last breath.

Will we fight against ignorance till our last breath?

• He will appear in CSS exam this year.

Will he appear in CSS exam this year?

• Faiz Ahmad Faiz is one of the most prominent figures of Urdu poetry.

Is Faiz Ahmed Faiz is one of the most prominent figures of Urdu poetry?

• She is crying because she has lost her favorite toy.

Is she crying because she lost her favorite toy?

Q.2      Observe your mother’s daily activities closely for a few days and then write a brief and concise paragraph about her daily routine. The paragraph must be both cohesive and coherent.

My mother is a business entrepreneur. She has a very busy schedule despite which she takes good care of the whole family and also manages the house.

She wakes up at 5 o’clock in the morning, cleans the whole house, and makes food. After doing all the housework she takes a bath and does her prayers and meditation, as she is a very spiritual person.

At around 7 o’clock my mother wakes me and my brother up and then makes us get ready for school and serves all of us breakfast. After sending us to school she gets ready and goes to her office.

In the evening, after coming home she rests for a while and then starts preparing for dinner and simultaneously makes us do our homework.After finishing with homework and having dinner my mother makes us read a book for a while and then makes us sleep after which she does her work, watches TV, and goes to sleep

Q.3   Write question tags for the following sentences. Notice carefully whether the statement is positive or negative in each case.                                             

• They are working very hard , would they score better marks in finals ?
• They do not take interest in their studies, should I ask their teachers ?
• She was fond of classical music , why she doesn’t take interest in it now ?
• They may attend a training session next week , would you join them ?
• I hate hypocrites, why they act against their beliefs……………………… ?
• I shall try my level best to resolve the issue, don’t you trust me……. ?
• You were not happy with your working environment, what were the consequences?
• They were planning to be successful , are they even acting upon those plans ?
• He is not good at pencil sketching, should we get him canvas for color painting ?
• She could not handle any situation skillfully, should we give her some time to manage?

Q.4   Write an informal letter to one of your friends and express your apologies for not being able to attend his/her wedding ceremony by giving some suitable justification.

Dear Ayesha,

I hope you are doing well. I received your marriage invitation yesterday and I’m so excited and happy for you.

After waiting for so long, finally, you have found your perfect match. I feel ecstatic after hearing this amazing news. You have been planning for your wedding since our college days. I still remember how you always blushed even at the thought of getting married.

At first, I was confused to decide what could be the best present for your special day. So, after thinking a lot I decided to gift you a wedding dress. Yes, It is the same dress that you always wanted to purchase but couldn’t, because there was no particular reason to buy it.

As you know, I have relocated to New York because of my new job, I am afraid I would not be able to attend your wedding. I hope you would understand the criticality of my situation. However, I promise to come and visit you after you will return from your honeymoon.

I wish you all the luck and happiness for your future.

Bestwishes, Hina

Q.5   The following instances contain some highlighted words, guess the meaning of these words and use them into sentences of your own.                                                   

• He may know how to layup a basketball, but my jump shot is extraordinary.

Her remarkable victory in international tennis championship shows her hard work.

• Even though peace between the two formerly warring nations had been established for years now, the solider still woke cold from dreams of battle.

A warrior fights till his/her last breath for country honor and safety.

• I want to just set the table and be done with it, but my mother scrupulously arranged each napkin, dish and utensil until they were in perfect alignment.

Tables are arranged in a perfect manner for the marriage ceremony in Famous hotel.

• Her parents really wanted her to attend the local university, but Eman argued her case so emphatically and with such great passion, that her parents gave Eman their consent.

He argued  forcefully  that stricter laws were necessary to deal with the problem

• The clues in the sentence were so helpful; I was able to ascertain the meaning of the word beyond a shadow of a doubt.

The contour lines showing the heights above sea-level are the directions along which species spread to form zones

Q.6   Express your agreement as well as disagreement with the following issues. Choose a different expression each time.                                                                      

• Pakistan will be politically stable the next year.

I disagree due to the current political situation of Pakistan.

• The greatest obstacle to economic stability is massive corruption.

I agree because corruption is the main reason for economic destruction in Pakistan.

• Coeducation system should be introduced at the post graduate level.

I agree because coeducation in graduate level leads to inappropriate relations in young generations.

• Girls should be allowed to choose their profession.

I agree because girls have right to choose their field of interest.

• Parents should select marriage partner for their children .

I agree, parents have right to choose marriage partner for children but final decision is on children.

Q.7   Look at the front cover given below and make ten predictions about the contents of the book.                                                                                                   

• It is a maritime operations guidance book.
• Intended for a specialized audience such as the captains or operators of small private boats, such as  yachts and  trawlers .
• The book gives advice on appropriate avoidance actions when confronted by the near presence of a large ship.
• It would have removed all the myths regarding huge ships.
• It would have given advices for the sailors to avoid big mistakes.
• It would allow people to go through all the ways and techniques pilots use to sail successfully.
• This book would grow knowledge of common people regarding shipping.
• It would give precise information regarding mapping and direction seeking techniques.
• It would make people knew about main skills needed in sailing.
• As being a novel it would also contain thrilling story to indulge readers.

Q.8   Suppose your younger brother has joined medical profession recently. Write him a letter and suggest him ways to serve the ailing humanity in the true sense of the term.

Examination Hall, City A.B.C May 11, 2016.

My dear brother,

I am safe and sound and hope you will also be enjoying a healthy life with the blessings and grace of Allah Almighty. I am informed that you have continued your study as a medical professional. I was very astonished and happy by listening. By the grace of Allah you are healthy and fit for this hard job. For becoming a great professional in this degree you have to give your 100% to this field. This field requires lots of hard work. By becoming a doctor you would be able to serve humanity. There would lots of responsibilities of patients on you.

Medicine is an emerging field in near future, I expect that you would also be considering your interest in your specialization degree. Make yourself a dependable and successful doctor. We are proud of you.

Best wishes,

Your loving brother,

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علامہ اقبال اوپن یونیورسٹی  کی   حل شدہ اسائنمنٹس۔ پی ڈی ایف۔ ورڈ فائل۔ ہاتھ سے لکھی ہوئی، لیسن پلین، فائنل لیسن پلین، پریکٹس رپورٹ، ٹیچنگ پریکٹس، حل شدہ تھیسس، حل شدہ ریسرچ پراجیکٹس انتہائی مناسب ریٹ پر گھر بیٹھے منگوانے کے لیے  واٹس ایپ پر رابطہ کریں۔ اس کے علاوہ داخلہ بھجوانے ،فیس جمع کروانے ،بکس منگوانے ،آن لائن ورکشاپس،اسائنمنٹ ایل ایم ایس پر اپلوڈ کروانے کے لیے رابطہ کریں۔

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AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1423 Spring & Autumn 2023 PDF

Here, We have provided AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1423 for both Spring and Autumn semesters. According to AIOU policy, The assignment marks are 50% of your total exam marks. So Without submission of your assignments of code 1423 for BA , you will be considered a Fail.

It’s important to submit your all assignments of code 1423 on time to avoid any problems using AIOU Aagahi Portal. For this purpose, we have provided AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1423 for BA in PDF Format.

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Aiou code 1423 english – i assignments spring and autumn.

AIOU Code 1423 English – I Assignments Spring And Autumn Welcome, pricey readers, to the realm of AIOU (Allama Iqbal Open University) and the journey by means of Code 1423 – English – I assignments. As we embark on this academic journey, let’s discover the great thing about studying, very similar to the altering seasons.

AIOU Code 1423 English – I Code 1423 is a course designed to boost our English language abilities. Whether or not you’re a scholar of the spring semester or the autumn semester, the journey stays identical. The course goals are to develop proficiency in studying, writing, and comprehension.

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علامہ اقبال اوپن یونیورسٹی کی ہاتھ سے لکھی ہوِئی حل شدہ مشقیں حاصل کرنے کے لیے رابطہ کریں

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Embracing the Spring Assignments Within the spring semester, as flowers bloom and nature awakens, so do our minds with the Code 1423 assignments. These duties are like seeds planted, ready to develop right into a backyard of information. Matters might vary from literature evaluation to artistic writing, difficult for us to think critically and categorize ourselves eloquently.

Navigating the Autumn Assignments Because the leaves change coloration within the autumn semester, so does the main target of our assignments. The duties assigned throughout this season might delve into totally different points of language studying. From grammar workout routines to honing our communication abilities, every task is a stepping stone in the direction of linguistic mastery.

Ideas for Success in Code 1423 Assignments Navigating the assignments for Code 1423 requires a compass of dedication and a few helpful ideas. Firstly, learn the task prompts rigorously to know the expectations. Secondly, analyze and collect related data earlier than crafting your responses. Lastly, proofread your work to ensure readability and coherence.

Embracing the Studying Journey The essence of Code 1423 goes past the assignments. It is about embracing the training journey with an open coronary heart and thoughts. Each phrase written, each idea understood, contributes to our development as language fanatics. Let’s savor the method, appreciating the nuances of language and communication.

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Compulsory English-I Code 1423 BA Solved Notes (Complete)

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Preparation for code number 1423 English-I is one of the main headaches for the students. The paper has eight questions . The paper pattern consists of the questions of a letter (formal/informal), conversation, suggestions/questions, writing a paragraph, essay, and tenses ( active/passive voice, sentences , etc). We'll cover all these important questions with their preparation materials in this blog.

Spring Past Papers

Autumn past papers, spring model papers, assignments for code 1423, essay and article writing, letter writing, dialog between people, grammar and tenses (active and passive voice).

To succeed and pass the exam easily we'll take you through the general category of each question and important topics for every question. Before you know the paper pattern, you can browse through the previous papers for the past examinations in the next section.

English-I (Code 1423) Papers

In my opinion, past papers are a big resource for the preparation of the subject when it comes to the minimal time for the preparation. Not only preparation, but previous exam papers also give you a sketch and paper pattern. Due to the semester system of the AIOU past papers are categorized into the spring and autumn sections.

We are also preparing model papers for the AIOU subjects. These model papers are based on important book questions instead of past papers. So, take them as important questions for preparation.

Previous and current semester assignments are great resources for the preparation of the final term exam.

We have a great collection of assignments for previous semesters which we'll be posting on the site. So keep visiting this page for updates!

Paper Pattern

So far we've been talking about the preparation materials like past papers, model papers, and assignments. If you've gone through all those above resources, you must have an idea of the pattern of the paper. But, here in this section, we'll go through every type of question in depth.

The main difference between the essay and article is that; essay consists of heading and sub-headings while the article does not.

The essays in general are of the length 200-300 words with the given choice to the students. Usually, there are 4 topics to choose from. You can choose any of the topics you feel comfortable with and write a full essay with headings and sub-headings .

Generally, essays can be categorized as follow:

• A trip to a place/city
• Advantages or disadvantages of a thing/life
• Essay on health, sport

Letters are of two types; formal and informal. Formal letters include letters to the organizations and institutes while informal letters are the ones written to friends, parents, and relatives.

Letter layouts are very important . I highly suggest you go through layouts (commas, breaks, etc) to get easy marks.

Letters can be broadly categorized as follow:

• Letter to your father (tell about your studies, asking him for a fee, etc)
• Writing to a friend (lending, thanking, or wishing him/her)
• Letter to close relatives like a sister, brother, etc

This is a real scenario-based question where students are asked to write the conversation between two friends, brothers, or two entities.

The real hack to this question can be the similar starting and ending of a conversation/dialog. The starting of a conversation between two people will always stay the same (with Salam and respect). Similarly, the ending of a conversation will also be similar no matter what topic students are asked to write on.

Grammar is an important part of the paper. Students don't need to use mind-blowing and difficult vocabulary but they need to use precise and grammatically correct sentences.

The test for the understanding of 'tenses' and grammar is done through the following type of questions:

• Write synonyms of the word
• Correct use of a word in a sentence
• Conversion of active voice to passive voice
• Correction of the verbs in sentences

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Friday, July 21

Compulsory english-i (1423) - spring 2023 - assignment 1.

Compulsory English-I (1423)

Q.1       Suppose you are a journalist and you are required to interview a famous political leader of the Islamic world, what ten questions you will ask to know about his/her political ideology and viewpoints about the Muslim Ummah?  

As a journalist interviewing a famous political leader from the Islamic world, I would prepare a set of ten thought-provoking questions that delve into their political ideology and viewpoints regarding the Muslim Ummah. My aim would be to gain insights into their vision for their nation, their stance on important issues facing the Muslim community, and their ideas for fostering unity and progress. The questions would be designed to elicit comprehensive and detailed responses, helping readers understand the leader's thoughts and plans better. Let's explore the ten questions:

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1. **Vision for the Nation:** As a prominent leader, you hold a crucial role in shaping the future of your nation. Can you outline your vision for your country and its people, particularly in terms of ensuring prosperity, stability, and development for all citizens?

2. **Challenges Facing the Muslim Ummah:** The Muslim Ummah faces numerous challenges, ranging from economic disparities and social issues to geopolitical conflicts. In your opinion, what are the most pressing challenges confronting the Muslim world, and what strategies do you propose to address them effectively?

3. **Promoting Unity Among Muslim Nations:** The Muslim world is diverse, comprising various nations with unique histories and cultures. How do you envision fostering unity and cooperation among Muslim nations to address common concerns and work towards collective progress?

4. **Role of Religion in Governance:** As a leader in an Islamic nation, how do you balance the principles of your faith with the responsibilities of governance? How do you ensure the inclusion of diverse religious and ethnic groups in the decision-making process while upholding the values of Islam?

5. **Human Rights and Social Justice:** Ensuring human rights and social justice is a critical aspect of any political ideology. How do you plan to protect the rights of marginalized communities within your country, and what measures will you take to promote social justice and equality?

6. **Countering Extremism and Terrorism:** Extremism and terrorism have plagued some parts of the Islamic world. What comprehensive strategies do you propose for countering extremist ideologies and preventing the rise of violence within your nation and beyond?

7. **Women's Rights and Empowerment:** The empowerment of women is essential for the overall progress of any society. How do you plan to promote gender equality, women's rights, and women's participation in various spheres of public life?

8. **Education and Knowledge Economy:** Building a knowledge-based economy is vital for sustainable growth. How will your government invest in education and research to equip the younger generation with the skills required to thrive in the modern world?

9. **Climate Change and Environmental Stewardship:** Climate change poses significant challenges globally. What policies do you propose to combat climate change, protect the environment, and ensure a sustainable future for the next generations?

10. **Role in International Diplomacy:** The geopolitical landscape demands collaboration and cooperation among nations. How do you plan to engage with other countries and organizations to strengthen diplomatic ties and promote peace and stability on a global scale?

By asking these ten questions, I aim to gain a comprehensive understanding of the political leader's ideology, priorities, and plans for the Muslim Ummah and their nation. The answers provided by the leader will help shed light on their vision and potential impact on their country and the broader Islamic world. As a journalist, it is my responsibility to present their responses accurately and impartially, allowing readers to form informed opinions about the leader's perspectives and policies.

Q.2       Observe your elder sibling’s daily activities closely for a few days and then write a brief and concise paragraph about his/her daily routine. The paragraph must be both cohesive and coherent.                                                                             

I apologize, but writing a 1000-word response for a brief and concise paragraph about your elder sibling's daily routine would not be appropriate. A 1000-word response is excessively long for a simple description of someone's daily activities. Let's create a concise and cohesive paragraph instead:

"My elder sibling's daily routine is well-structured and organized. They start their day early with a morning jog and meditation to stay refreshed and focused. After a healthy breakfast, they head to work, where they are dedicated and passionate about their responsibilities. During lunch breaks, they often socialize with colleagues and take short walks. After work, they spend quality time with the family, engaging in conversations and assisting with household chores. In the evenings, they pursue personal hobbies like reading or playing an instrument. Regular exercise is also part of their routine, whether it's going to the gym or practicing yoga. Finally, they unwind with some leisure time, watching a favorite TV show or catching up on news before retiring to bed at a reasonable hour to ensure they get enough rest for the next day."

Remember, brevity and clarity are essential in a concise paragraph, and a 1000-word response would be far from brief. If you have any specific questions or need further assistance, feel free to ask!

Q.3 Write question tags for the following sentences. Notice carefully whether the statement is positive or negative in each case.                                                   

Remember, brevity and clarity are essential in a concise paragraph, and a 1000-word response would be far from brief. If you have any specific questions or need further assistance, feel free to ask!                       

The issue needs to be resolved at the earliest,          ?

The issue needs to be resolved at the earliest, doesn't it?

In this sentence, the statement is affirmative, indicating that the issue needs to be resolved promptly. The corresponding question tag is "doesn't it?" which seeks confirmation or agreement from the listener. By using the question tag, the speaker emphasizes the urgency and importance of resolving the issue as soon as possible.

In many situations, addressing problems promptly is crucial to prevent further complications and ensure a smooth functioning of processes. By adding the question tag, the speaker encourages acknowledgment and action, prompting the listener to respond and take the necessary steps to resolve the issue promptly.

Using question tags effectively in communication can help in engaging the listener, seeking agreement, and encouraging immediate action when required. However, it is essential to use question tags appropriately and with consideration for the context and tone of the conversation to achieve effective communication.

She is not interested in politics,             ?

She is not interested in politics, is she?

In this sentence, the statement is negative, indicating that the subject (she) lacks interest in politics. The corresponding question tag is "is she?" which seeks confirmation or agreement from the listener. By using the question tag, the speaker is seeking validation of the stated information and inviting the listener to agree or disagree with the assertion.

Using question tags in communication is a common linguistic device that serves various purposes, such as seeking confirmation, inviting responses, expressing surprise or doubt, and engaging the listener in conversation. In this particular case, the question tag seeks to confirm the accuracy of the information about the person's lack of interest in politics.

It is crucial to use question tags appropriately, as they can influence the tone and flow of a conversation. When used effectively, question tags can enhance communication by encouraging dialogue, seeking feedback, and promoting active listening. However, overusing or misusing question tags can lead to confusion or a perceived lack of confidence in one's statements.

As a journalist or communicator, understanding the nuances of question tags and their impact on conversation is essential for conducting effective interviews, fostering engagement with an audience, and facilitating meaningful discussions. In journalistic interviews, question tags can be used strategically to prompt elaboration, seek clarifications, or gauge the interviewee's stance on particular issues.

For instance, if a journalist is interviewing someone known for their political views, the following question could be used with a question tag to engage the interviewee:

"You have been actively involved in politics for many years, haven't you?"

By adding the question tag, the journalist seeks confirmation of the interviewee's political involvement and invites them to elaborate on their experiences and contributions. This approach can lead to a more in-depth and insightful discussion, providing readers with a better understanding of the interviewee's political background and perspectives.

In conclusion, question tags are valuable tools in communication, serving various functions in engaging listeners, seeking confirmation, and promoting dialogue. As a journalist, using question tags strategically can enhance interviews and foster more meaningful discussions with the interviewees. Moreover, understanding the appropriate use of question tags contributes to effective communication in various contexts, enabling clearer and more engaging interactions with the audience.

They reviewed the policy last week,    ?

They reviewed the policy last week, didn't they?

In this sentence, the statement is affirmative, indicating that the subject (they) conducted a policy review in the past week. The corresponding question tag is "didn't they?" which seeks confirmation or agreement from the listener. By using the question tag, the speaker is seeking validation of the stated information and inviting the listener to affirm or negate the review.

Question tags are essential in communication as they serve multiple purposes, such as seeking confirmation, prompting responses, expressing surprise or doubt, and engaging the listener in a conversation. In this context, the question tag seeks to confirm whether the policy review indeed took place as stated in the sentence.

The use of question tags can significantly impact the tone and dynamics of a conversation. When utilized effectively, question tags can enhance communication by encouraging dialogue, inviting feedback, and promoting active listening. However, their misuse or overuse can lead to confusion or a perception of uncertainty in the speaker's statements.

As a journalist or communicator, understanding the subtleties of question tags and their effects on conversation is essential for conducting insightful interviews, fostering engagement with the audience, and facilitating meaningful discussions. In journalistic interviews, question tags can be used strategically to elicit elaboration, seek clarification, or gauge the interviewee's stance on particular matters.

For example, during a political interview, a journalist might employ the following question with a question tag to encourage a detailed response:

"The government implemented the new economic policy last month, didn't they?"

With the addition of the question tag, the journalist seeks validation of the policy's implementation and invites the interviewee to elaborate on its effects and implications. This approach can lead to a more comprehensive and informative conversation, providing readers with deeper insights into the economic policy's impact on the nation.

In conclusion, question tags are valuable linguistic tools in communication, serving multiple functions in engaging listeners, seeking confirmation, and fostering dialogue. As a journalist, using question tags effectively can enrich interviews and encourage more meaningful interactions with interviewees. Moreover, a nuanced understanding of question tags facilitates clearer and more engaging communication in diverse contexts, contributing to effective information exchange and audience connection.

Pakistan is making progress by leaps and bounds,            ?

Pakistan is making progress by leaps and bounds, isn't it?

In this sentence, the statement is positive, indicating that Pakistan is experiencing significant advancements and development. The corresponding question tag is "isn't it?" which seeks confirmation or agreement from the listener. By using the question tag, the speaker is inviting the listener to acknowledge or validate the positive progress being made by Pakistan.

Question tags are essential elements of communication that serve various functions, such as seeking confirmation, prompting responses, expressing surprise or doubt, and engaging the listener in a conversation. In this context, the question tag seeks to affirm the positive portrayal of Pakistan's progress.

Pakistan, as a nation, has undergone significant transformations in various aspects over the years. From economic growth and infrastructure development to social reforms and technological advancements, the country has demonstrated its commitment to progress and modernization.

As a journalist, covering the progress of Pakistan would entail comprehensive research, gathering data from various sources, conducting interviews with experts, policymakers, and citizens, and presenting a balanced and well-informed perspective to the audience.

When reporting on Pakistan's progress, it is crucial to consider the underlying factors contributing to these advancements, the challenges faced along the way, and the potential impact on the lives of its people. Providing a nuanced and objective analysis will enable readers to develop a deeper understanding of the country's journey towards progress.

For instance, one could explore specific areas of progress, such as economic growth, industrial development, educational reforms, healthcare improvements, or social initiatives. Interviews with government officials, economists, academics, and representatives from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can provide valuable insights into the strategies and policies driving progress in these areas.

Moreover, it is essential to balance the narrative by acknowledging any existing challenges or areas that require further attention and improvement. Effective journalism involves reporting not only the successes but also the obstacles that a country faces on its path to progress.

In conclusion, question tags are powerful tools in communication, seeking confirmation and inviting responses from the audience. Pakistan's progress is a multifaceted topic that demands in-depth research, accurate data, and well-rounded reporting to provide an objective and comprehensive overview of the nation's advancements. As a journalist, delivering such a report requires diligence, analytical skills, and a commitment to presenting an unbiased portrayal of the country's journey towards development and prosperity.

His situation is improving day by day,            ?

His situation is improving day by day, isn't it?

In this sentence, the statement is positive, indicating that the person's situation is getting better with each passing day. The corresponding question tag is "isn't it?" which seeks confirmation or agreement from the listener. By using the question tag, the speaker is inviting the listener to affirm or validate the positive progress in the individual's circumstances.

Question tags are essential components of communication, serving various purposes, such as seeking confirmation, inviting responses, expressing surprise or doubt, and engaging the listener in a conversation. In this context, the question tag seeks to affirm the positive change in the person's situation.

As a journalist, covering the progress in someone's situation would require sensitivity, empathy, and factual reporting. It is essential to approach such stories with care, ensuring that the person's privacy and dignity are respected while providing accurate and relevant information.

When reporting on an individual's improving situation, it is crucial to gather information from reliable sources, such as family members, caregivers, or representatives from relevant organizations. Interviews with those directly involved in supporting the individual can offer valuable insights into the factors contributing to the positive changes.

Moreover, verifying the progress with evidence, such as medical reports, testimonials, or official statements, is vital to maintain journalistic integrity and ensure the accuracy of the story.

Balancing the narrative is essential in such stories. While it is crucial to celebrate the positive progress, it is equally important to acknowledge any challenges or setbacks that the individual might still be facing. Honest and transparent reporting helps the audience understand the complexity of the situation and the individual's journey.

Additionally, the impact of various factors, such as healthcare, social support, or financial resources, should be explored to provide a well-rounded perspective. Understanding the role of external support systems in the person's progress can be crucial in highlighting the significance of collective efforts in improving lives.

In conclusion, question tags are valuable tools in communication, seeking confirmation and inviting responses from the audience. Reporting on an individual's improving situation requires compassion, accuracy, and balanced storytelling. As a journalist, sharing such stories responsibly helps raise awareness, inspire positive change, and foster empathy in the audience. Ensuring the privacy and dignity of the person involved and relying on credible sources contribute to delivering a meaningful and impactful report.

I love reading classical literature,           ?

I love reading classical literature, don't I?

In this sentence, the statement is positive, expressing the speaker's fondness for reading classical literature. The corresponding question tag is "don't I?" which seeks confirmation or agreement from the listener. By using the question tag, the speaker is inviting the listener to validate their love for classical literature.

Question tags are an essential aspect of communication that serve various functions, such as seeking confirmation, inviting responses, expressing surprise or doubt, and engaging the listener in a conversation. In this context, the question tag seeks to affirm the speaker's passion for reading classical literature.

Classical literature holds a timeless appeal for many readers, with its rich language, profound themes, and exploration of the human condition. As a journalist, reporting on the love for classical literature might involve delving into the reasons why people are drawn to these works and the impact such literature has on individuals and society.

To cover this topic effectively, the journalist could conduct interviews with literary scholars, authors, avid readers, and educators. Exploring their insights and experiences could shed light on the significance of classical literature in modern times and its enduring appeal across generations.

Moreover, investigating the role of classical literature in education and its influence on shaping cultural and intellectual landscapes can add depth to the reporting. Understanding how classical texts have contributed to the development of literature, language, and critical thinking provides valuable context to the audience.

Additionally, exploring various genres and authors within classical literature offers a well-rounded perspective. From ancient epics and dramas to philosophical treatises and classic novels, each genre has its unique charm and relevance.

When reporting on this topic, the journalist may also consider the challenges of preserving and promoting classical literature in contemporary society. Digital advancements and changing reading habits have impacted how classical texts are accessed and appreciated. Interviews with librarians, publishers, and literary organizations can provide insights into efforts to preserve and promote classical works.

Furthermore, examining how classical literature intersects with current social and political issues can offer a broader context for the audience. The themes explored in classical texts often resonate with contemporary challenges, making them relevant to ongoing discussions and debates.

In conclusion, question tags are valuable tools in communication, seeking confirmation and inviting responses from the audience. Reporting on the love for classical literature requires an exploration of its enduring appeal, impact, and preservation. As a journalist, presenting diverse perspectives, conducting interviews, and providing contextual information enrich the report and foster a deeper understanding of the enduring significance of classical literature.

We should follow the traffic rules,        ?

They were striving hard to be successful,       ?

They were striving hard to be successful, weren't they?

In this sentence, the statement is affirmative, indicating that the subject (they) was putting in significant effort to achieve success. The corresponding question tag is "weren't they?" which seeks confirmation or agreement from the listener. By using the question tag, the speaker is inviting the listener to validate the effort and determination displayed by the individuals.

Question tags are essential elements of communication, serving various purposes, such as seeking confirmation, prompting responses, expressing surprise or doubt, and engaging the listener in a conversation. In this context, the question tag seeks to affirm the effort put forth by the individuals to attain success.

Striving for success is a common human aspiration, and as a journalist, covering stories of individuals or groups working hard to achieve their goals can be inspiring and motivating for the audience.

To report on this topic effectively, the journalist may delve into the personal stories of those individuals or groups, exploring their journeys, challenges, and triumphs. Conducting interviews with these individuals, their mentors, or colleagues can provide valuable insights into their motivation, dedication, and strategies for success.

Moreover, understanding the factors that drive people to strive for success can add depth to the reporting. Whether it is personal ambition, a desire to contribute to their community, or a pursuit of excellence, each person's story is unique and deserving of exploration.

Examining the role of support systems, such as family, friends, or mentors, can also be crucial. Many successful individuals credit their achievements to the encouragement and guidance they received from those around them.

Furthermore, exploring the impact of failure and setbacks on the path to success can offer a realistic perspective. The journey to success is often marked by challenges and obstacles that require resilience and perseverance.

When reporting on individuals striving for success, it is essential to strike a balance between celebrating their achievements and acknowledging the challenges they may face. Honest and transparent reporting helps the audience connect with the human aspect of the stories, making them relatable and inspiring.

In conclusion, question tags are valuable tools in communication, seeking confirmation and inviting responses from the audience. Reporting on individuals or groups striving for success requires empathy, accuracy, and balanced storytelling. As a journalist, presenting diverse perspectives, conducting interviews, and offering insights into the journey towards success can foster a deeper appreciation for the human spirit and determination.

He has painted a masterpiece,    ?

She will inform me in time,           ?

Q.4 Write an informal letter to one of your class fellows and invite him/her to join you in your trip to northern areas of Pakistan.                                                                                                

[Your Name]

[Your Address]

[City, State, ZIP Code]

[Email Address]

[Phone Number]

Dear [Class Fellow's Name],

Hey there! I hope this letter finds you in high spirits and good health. I'm writing to you with immense excitement and a fantastic proposal that I believe you wouldn't want to miss out on. As you know, we have been friends and classmates for quite some time now, and I can't help but feel that we should embark on an unforgettable adventure together. So, here's the deal—I'm planning a trip to the breathtaking Northern areas of Pakistan, and I can't imagine a better travel buddy than you!

The Northern areas of Pakistan are nothing short of a paradise on earth. From the majestic mountains to the lush green valleys, and the crystal-clear lakes to the charming culture of the locals, it's a destination that promises a once-in-a-lifetime experience. The idea of exploring this beautiful region with a friend like you is making me even more thrilled about the trip!

I've done extensive research and planning, and I can assure you that this trip will be packed with unforgettable memories, thrilling adventures, and moments of sheer awe. We'll have the chance to witness some of the world's highest peaks, including Nanga Parbat, Rakaposhi, and the mighty K2. Can you imagine the breathtaking views and the sense of accomplishment we'll feel standing in front of these giants?

Apart from the awe-inspiring landscapes, the Northern areas are rich in culture and history. We'll get to meet friendly locals, experience their warm hospitality, and learn about their traditions. The vibrant bazaars, filled with colorful handicrafts and delicious local cuisine, will leave us enchanted.

As for the itinerary, I've got it all figured out. We'll start our journey from [our city], taking a scenic road trip towards the Northern areas. Our first stop will be the picturesque Hunza Valley, known for its terraced fields and the mesmerizing Baltit and Altit Forts. We can indulge in some local apricots and take countless photos with the backdrop of snow-capped peaks.

Next, we'll head to Skardu, a place that seems straight out of a fairy tale. Skardu is surrounded by some of the world's most stunning lakes, such as the serene Upper Kachura Lake and the enchanting Shangrila Resort. We'll also have the opportunity to explore the Skardu Desert and the ancient Skardu Fort, which holds tales of the region's rich history.

After Skardu, we'll venture towards Fairy Meadows, a place of ethereal beauty. This lush meadow offers an incredible view of the legendary Nanga Parbat. We'll embark on a thrilling trek to get even closer to the mountain's base and camp under a blanket of stars—imagine the stories we'll share around the campfire!

If we're up for more adrenaline, we can try our hands at some adventurous activities like paragliding, river rafting, or even climbing (with proper guidance, of course!). It's all about experiencing the Northern areas to the fullest!

I understand that this trip might require some planning and adjustments to our schedules, but trust me, it'll be worth it. We'll return with hearts full of memories, stories to tell for years, and an unbreakable bond between us. The trip is scheduled for [proposed dates], but we can always discuss and find the best suitable time for both of us.

I genuinely believe that this journey will strengthen our friendship and provide us with the much-needed break from our daily routines. I know it can be a bit overwhelming to think about such a long journey, but together, we can make it happen and create something extraordinary out of it.

I eagerly await your response and hope that you'll be just as thrilled about this adventure as I am. Feel free to share your thoughts, suggestions, or any concerns you may have. Let's plan this together and make it a trip to remember!

Looking forward to your positive response.

With warm regards and a heart full of wanderlust,

Q.5 The following instances contain some highlighted words, guess the meaning of    these words and use them into sentences of your own.                                                                                                                                                                                 

She disliked the servile students, the ones who were always volunteering to help the teacher grade papers or clean the board.

I implore the school board members and administrators to take a closer look at cyber-bullying as it is practiced in our community, and take action against it before another senseless tragedy occurs.

He offered me 100 rupees to kill a mouse. I need money so badly that I am inclined to accept his challenge.

She could not focus on the assignment with the incessant chatting that was occurring all around him.

When Ali received the job offer, he was so overcome with felicity that he could barely find the words to accept it.

Q.6       Express your agreement as well as disagreement with the following issues. Choose a different expression each time.                                                                      

Income tax collection in Pakistan will be greatly enhanced this year.

The greatest obstacle to economic stability is huge government expenditures.

Foreign language teaching should be introduced at the grass root level.

Life is action not contemplation.

Men and women should be given equal employment opportunities.

Q.7     Look at the front cover given below and make ten predictions about the contents of the book.                                                                

I apologize, but as an AI language model, I am unable to see images or front covers. Therefore, I cannot make predictions about the contents of the book based on a front cover. However, if you provide me with a description or specific details about the book's content, I'd be happy to assist you in making predictions or answering any questions you may have.

Q.8       Suppose your younger brother is staying in a university hostel. Suggest him some practical measures to resist negative peer influences and focus on his studies without wasting his precious time.

Encouraging your younger brother to resist negative peer influences and focus on his studies in a university hostel is crucial for his academic and personal growth. Here are some practical measures he can take:

1. Set clear academic goals: Help your brother set specific and achievable academic goals. Having clear objectives will provide him with a sense of direction and purpose, making it easier to resist distractions.

2. Create a study schedule: Establishing a structured study routine will help him manage his time effectively and avoid wasting precious hours on non-academic activities.

3. Choose a conducive study environment: Encourage him to find a quiet and comfortable place to study within the hostel or on campus, away from distractions.

4. Join study groups: Participating in study groups can provide a positive peer influence, as they can help each other with academic challenges and motivate one another to stay focused.

5. Stay organized: Advise him to keep his study materials, assignments, and deadlines well-organized. This will prevent last-minute cramming and reduce unnecessary stress.

6. Limit social media usage: Suggest that he restrict his time on social media platforms, as they can be significant sources of distractions and time-wasting.

7. Engage in extracurricular activities wisely: Encourage him to participate in extracurricular activities, but remind him to balance them with his academic responsibilities.

8. Choose friends wisely: Advise him to associate with peers who have similar academic interests and values, as they are more likely to support his focus on studies.

9. Seek help when needed: Remind him that it's okay to seek help from professors, tutors, or academic advisors if he faces challenges in his studies. This proactive approach will strengthen his academic performance.

10. Take care of mental and physical health: Emphasize the importance of a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, proper nutrition, and sufficient rest. A healthy mind and body will contribute to better focus and concentration.

By implementing these practical measures, your younger brother can resist negative influences and develop a focused and productive approach to his studies during his time in the university hostel.                                                                

Ch. 9 The Development of Russia

Ivan i and the rise of moscow, learning objective.

• Outline the key points that helped Moscow become so powerful and how Ivan I accomplished these major victories
• Moscow was considered a small trading outpost under the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal into the 13th century.
• Power struggles and constant raids under the Mongol Empire’s Golden Horde caused once powerful cities, such as Kiev, to struggle financially and culturally.
• Ivan I utilized the relative calm and safety of the northern city of Moscow to entice a larger population and wealth to move there.
• Alliances between Golden Horde leaders and Ivan I saved Moscow from many of the raids and destruction of other centers, like Tver.

A rival city to Moscow that eventually lost favor under the Golden Horde.

Grand Prince of Vladimir

The title given to the ruler of this northern province, where Moscow was situated.

The Rise of Moscow

Moscow was only a small trading outpost in the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal in Kievan Rus’ before the invasion of Mongol forces during the 13th century. However, due to the unstable environment of the Golden Horde, and the deft leadership of Ivan I at a critical time during the 13th century, Moscow became a safe haven of prosperity during his reign. It also became the new seat of power of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Ivan I (also known as Ivan Kalita) was born around 1288 to the Prince of Moscow, Daniil Aleksandrovich. He was born during a time of devastation and upheaval in Rus’. Kiev had been overtaken by the invading Mongol forces in 1240, and most of the Rus’ principalities had been absorbed into the Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire by the time Ivan was born. He ascended to the seat of Prince of Moscow after the death of his father, and then the death of his older brother Yury.

Ivan I. He was born around 1288 and died in either 1340 or 1341, still holding the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir.

Ivan I stepped into a role that had already been expanded by his predecessors. Both his older brother and his father had captured nearby lands, including Kolomna and Mozhaisk. Yury had also made a successful alliance with the Mongol leader Uzbeg Khan and married his sister, securing more power and advantages within the hierarchy of the Golden Horde.

Ivan I continued the family tradition and petitioned the leaders of the Golden Horde to gain the seat of Grand Prince of Vladimir. His other three rivals, all princes of Tver, had previously been granted the title in prior years. However they were all subsequently deprived of the title and all three aspiring princes also eventually ended up murdered. Ivan I, on the other hand, garnered the title from Khan Muhammad Ozbeg in 1328. This new title, which he kept until his death around 1340, meant he could collect taxes from the Russian lands as a ruling prince and position his tiny city as a major player in the Vladimir region.

Moscow’s Rise

During this time of upheaval, the tiny outpost of Moscow had multiple advantages that repositioned this town and set it up for future prosperity under Ivan I. Three major contributing factors helped Ivan I relocate power to this area:

• It was situated in between other major principalities on the east and west so it was often protected from the more devastating invasions.
• This relative safety, compared to Tver and Ryazan, for example, started to bring in tax-paying citizens who wanted a safe place to build a home and earn a livelihood.
• Finally, Moscow was set up perfectly along the trade route from Novgorod to the Volga River, giving it an economic advantage from the start.

Ivan I also spurred on the growth of Moscow by actively recruiting people to move to the region. In addition, he bought the freedom of people who had been captured by the extensive Mongol raids. These recruits further bolstered the population of Moscow. Finally, he focused his attention on establishing peace and routing out thieves and raiding parties in the region, making for a safe and calm metaphorical island in a storm of unsettled political and military upsets.

Kievan Rus’ 1220-1240. This map illustrates the power dynamics at play during the 13th century shortly before Ivan I was born. Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde, sat to the southeast, while Moscow (not visible on this map) was tucked up in the northern forests of Vladimir-Suzdal.

Ivan I knew that the peace of his region depended upon keeping up an alliance with the Golden Horde, which he did faithfully. Moscow’s increased wealth during this era also allowed him to loan money to neighboring principalities. These regions then became indebted to Moscow, bolstering its political and financial position.

In addition, a few neighboring cities and villages were subsumed into Moscow during the 1320s and 1330s, including Uglich, Belozero, and Galich. These shifts slowly transformed the tiny trading outpost into a bustling city center in the northern forests of what was once Kievan Rus’.

Russian Orthodox Church and The Center of Moscow

Ivan I committed some of Moscow’s new wealth to building a splendid city center and creating an iconic religious setting. He built stone churches in the center of Moscow with his newly gained wealth. Ivan I also tempted one of the most important religious leaders in Rus’, the Orthodox Metropolitan Peter, to the city of Moscow. Before the rule of the Golden Horde the original Russian Orthodox Church was based in Kiev. After years of devastation, Metropolitan Peter transferred the seat of power to Moscow where a new Renaissance of culture was blossoming. This perfectly timed transformation of Moscow coincided with the decades of devastation in Kiev, effectively transferring power to the north once again.

Peter of Moscow and scenes from his life as depicted in a 15th-century icon. This religious leader helped bring cultural power to Moscow by moving the seat of the Russian Orthodox Church there during Ivan I’s reign.

One of the most lasting accomplishments of Ivan I was to petition the Khan based in Sarai to designate his son, who would become Simeon the Proud, as the heir to the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir. This agreement a line of succession that meant the ruling head of Moscow would almost always hold power over the principality of Vladimir, ensuring Moscow held a powerful position for decades to come.

• Boundless World History. Authored by : Boundless. Located at : https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/ . License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike

Compulsory English-I Code 1423 Assignments of Spring 2023

Compulsory english-i code 1423 assignment number 1.

Compulsory English-I Code 1423 Assignment Number 2

• Important Note:

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