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4 ways to start your McKinsey cover letter, according to recruiters and a former McKinsey manager

• A consulting job at McKinsey is hard to get but comes with a salary that can reach the high six figures. 
• Your cover letter is key to getting your foot in the door, recruiters and a former McKinsey manager said.
• They recommended demonstrating problem-solving skills and leadership abilities, and keeping your letter short.

McKinsey and Company is tough to break into but well worth the effort when it comes to salary. Partner salaries average more than $800,000 in total pay, according to job-review site Glassdoor.

One of your first chances to prove your value to this uber-competitive management consulting firm is through a cover letter. As stated on McKinsey's website : "Your application (i.e., cover letter, CV/resume) is our first and primary evidence of your written communication skills, so present it in a thoughtful and compelling manner."

While the company's website notes that a cover letter isn't required in an online application "unless you wish to alert [McKinsey] to an unusual circumstance or to provide information on a reapplication," recruiters emphasized that it's still an important part of the hiring process.

"McKinsey recruiters expect to see applicants with elite problem-solving and leadership abilities who can articulate their achievements, accomplishments, and diverse experiences concisely," said Caroline Stokes, the CEO of executive search and coaching firm  FORWARD , who has experience recruiting and coaching job seekers for many top firms, including McKinsey. "A person's leadership style and executive presence can be determined from this letter alone, so it needs to fully represent how the person would operate in this management consultancy environment with other high-performing talent and clients."

Portia Kibble Smith, an executive recruiter at  Karat  who has four decades of corporate experience and has placed many candidates at McKinsey, added: "The single biggest reason for a cover letter is that when I talk to hiring managers, they're probably reviewing each resume for 10 to 30 seconds. They're shuffling through them so quickly that you need some way to make the strongest part of your resume pop. That's what a cover letter is for." 

These experts and others shared their best tips for writing a letter that gets a hiring manager's attention.

Emphasize leadership, entrepreneurial drive, and passion for client-facing work

Smith said you should first make it clear that you're interested in working with clients — not just interested in working for McKinsey. 

"Demonstrate your passion for client-facing roles, and that you have the tools to hit the ground running on day one," Smith said.

Second, Smith pointed out that the cover letter is your opportunity to pull out the single-most impressive part of your resume and bring it to life. 

"Draw them in with a compelling story so they know your resume is worth more than half a minute of their time," she said. "One example of this is from a candidate that I helped place, who went into detail about their experience leading teams in the telecommunications industry and the value they helped create in a client-facing role."

Lastly, she advised not shying away from your background, but instead leaning into it. 

"If your MBA is from KU [University of Kansas] and not Harvard, the hiring manager already knows this, so there's no need to hide it," Smith said. "What opportunities did you have in Lawrence that may not have been available in Cambridge? Is there a unique perspective you're going to offer to the clients that they can't find anywhere else? That will get you noticed." 

Will Bachman spent four years at McKinsey after business school as an engagement manager, plus another year at the firm during his pre-MBA tenure. Within his management role, he was involved in recruiting for the firm — specifically vetting prospective MBA students and conducting interviews — before he left to cofound Umbrex , a global community connecting top-tier independent management consultants.

Bachman emphasized that McKinsey evaluates applicants on four dimensions: personal impact, entrepreneurial drive, problem-solving skills, and leadership abilities. As a result of this focus, he said that all successful candidates must meet the high bar on all four dimensions, and need to be absolutely distinctive on at least one of those four — which should come out in your cover letter.

"McKinsey consultants are taught to 'lead with the answer' when creating a presentation, and applicants ought to do the same in a cover letter, opening with a powerful anecdote that illustrates one of those four qualities where the candidate is most exceptional," Bachman said.

He also advised not diluting your message by trying to demonstrate competence on all four; instead, you should wow the reader with a story that shows how you are amazing on one of these dimensions.

(Finally, he shared that at McKinsey, the consultants like to capitalize the word "firm" when referring to "the Firm," so for extra credit, you can adopt that practice in your cover letter.)

Keep it short and don't just rehash your resume

Atta Tarki is founder and CEO of ECA , an executive search firm in which 10 out of their 11 managing directors are former consultants themselves with experience at McKinsey and other top consulting firms, and formerly spent six years as a management consultant at LEK Consulting . As such, Tarki works with hundreds of McKinsey consultants aiming to transition out of the firm a year, and has placed consultants with eight out of the top 10 strategy consulting firms.

Tarki advised focusing on something unique in your cover letter that's not in your resume to make your note stand out. 

"Most cover letters are just checking the box and rehashing the resume," he said. "In the extremely rare event that someone looks at it, that [approach] won't help you, and instead it should try to highlight some of your hobbies or things that make you interesting as a person/for the role."  

Tarki added that in the age of Twitter, less is more, whether you're talking about your cover letter, resume, or other communications related to your McKinsey application. He also hammered the point that it's important to get the basics right when applying, such as keeping your emails to HR brief and professional, not having any typos in your cover letter or other parts of your application, and being very responsive when communicating with the firm. 

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"Within hours is great and within the hour is excellent," Tarki said. "Within 24 hours is acceptable. Anything slower than that raises yellow flags."

He also emphasized making sure every single sentence in your application adds value. "Don't replace quality with quantity," he said.

These experts offered some examples of great cover letter lines

Bachman suggested that your cover letter to McKinsey could begin with something like this opener, which he wrote himself:

[Partner's first name],

I'm interested in joining the [name of practice] as an experienced hire.

Recognizing the value the Firm places on entrepreneurial drive, I thought I'd share the story of how I conceived of a new revenue stream for my current employer, developed the business case on my own time, managed to gain alignment among senior managers to approve funding, and then, as the head of this new service line, built a $50 million annual revenue business with a 22% EBITDA margin ...

Here's another example of an opening paragraph of the kinds of notes that stood out to him when vetting candidates:

Recognizing the value the Firm places on personal impact, I thought I'd share the story of how I built a nonprofit that has distributed a free interview suit and interview coaching to 3,000 low-income residents in my city ...

If you know a partner at the firm, then your cover letter should be addressed to that person. Bachman suggested that in this case, your cover letter could begin like this:

I've thoroughly enjoyed the opportunity to get to know you and your colleagues over the past several months, and as we discussed at [venue] on [date], I'd like to be considered as a candidate to join the [name of practice] in the [desired city] office …

Smith also shared the following cover letter template that she uses to help her candidates craft their introductions to McKinsey:

Delivering exceptional results for clients isn't rocket science — it's a lot harder. 

It takes a genuine desire to understand a client's business and goals, from both a granular and big-picture perspective. It takes insight into the client's business trajectory, products, market trends, untapped opportunities, and competitors. It takes critical thinking, robust analytical skills, leadership, and a passion for strategic problem-solving. 

It takes someone who can partner with clients and colleagues to find innovative approaches to problems and work as a key member of the team to develop impactful recommendations. 

These are the things I truly enjoy doing. I use a systematic approach to problem solving that includes analyzing the issue, defining desired outcomes, asking the right questions, looking at the challenge from both creative and strategic viewpoints, and brainstorming in a team environment to form possible solutions. A brief example of my success in problem solving is [example, including results for company or clients].

As a recent graduate of [school] with a [degree] in [major], I am eager to work with an organization like McKinsey, where my education and experience in [area of experience] will add value to both clients and the firm. 

It would be a privilege to speak with you about a consulting role with McKinsey, my qualifications, and a potential match. My resume is attached for your review, and I look forward to the next steps in the selection process. Thank you for your consideration.

[Your name]

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McKinsey cover letter examples

Did you know that McKinsey receives 200,000 applications a year from professionals who want to join the business?

That’s some pretty big competition.

So if you want to stand out and make it through to the interview stage, your application needs to be pretty spectacular.

Find out how to make an impression using our detailed guide and McKinsey cover letter examples below.

CV templates 

McKinsey cover letter example 1

McKinsey cover letter example 2

McKinsey cover letter example 3

The example cover letters here should give you a good general idea on how your McKinsey cover letter should be formatted and written.

The rest of this guide gives more specific guidance on how to create your own cover letter in this format, and even includes some templates you can copy and paste.

How to write a McKinsey cover letter

Here’s a simple process to write your own interview-winning cover letter.

Write your cover letter in the body of an email/message

When writing your McKinsey cover letter, it’s best to type the content into the body of your email (or the job site messaging system) and not to attach the cover letter as a separate document.

This ensures that your cover letter gets seen as soon as a recruiter or employer opens your message.

If you attach the cover letter as a document, you’re making the reader go through an unnecessary step of opening the document before reading it.

If it’s in the body of the message itself, it will be seen instantly, which hugely increases the chances of it being read.

Start with a friendly greeting

Start you cover letter with a greeting that is professional but friendly.

This will build rapport with the recruiter whilst showing your professionalism.

• Hi, hope you’re well
• Hi [insert recruiter name]
• Hi [insert department/team name]

Avoid overly formal greetings like “Dear sir/madam ” unless applying to very traditional companies.

How to find the contact’s name?

Addressing the recruitment contact by name is an excellent way to start building a strong relationship. If it is not listed in the job advert, try these methods to find it.

• Check out the company website and look at their  About page. If you see a hiring manager, HR person or internal recruiter, use their name. You could also try to figure out who would be your manager in the role and use their name.
• Head to LinkedIn , search for the company and scan through the list of employees. Most professionals are on LinkedIn these days, so this is a good bet.

Identify the role you are applying for

After you have greeted the recruiter, it’s important to state the job you are applying to.

Recruiters are often managing multiple vacancies, so they need to know exactly which job you are referring to.

Be as specific as possible and use a reference number if you can find one.

Here are some examples you can use;

• I am interested in applying for the role of admin assistant with your organisation.
• I would like to apply for the role of Sales assistant (Ref: 4057393)
• I would like to express my interest in the customer service vacancy within your retail department
• I saw your advertisement for a trainee project manager on Reed and would like to apply for the role.

See also: CV examples – how to write a CV – CV profiles

Highlight your suitability

The bulk of your cover letter should be focused around highlighting your suitability for the job you are applying to.

Doing this will show the recruiter that you are suitable candidate and encourage them to open your CV.

The best way to do this, is by studying the job advert you are applying to, and find out what the most important skills and knowledge are.

Once you know the most important requirements, you then need to highlight your matching skills to the recruiter. In a few sentences, tell them exactly why you are a good fit for the job and what you can offer the company.

Keep it short and sharp

When sending a job application to a recruiter or hiring manager, it is important to remember that they will normally be very busy and pushed for time.

Therefore, you need to get you message across to them quickly (in a matter of seconds ideally). So, keep your cover letter short and to-the-point. A long waffling cover letter will overwhelm recruiters when they are running through hundreds of emails in there inbox, but a concise one will get their attention.

So, keep your cover letter to just a few sentences long, and save the extensive detail for your CV.

Sign off professionally

To round of your cover letter, add a professional signature to the bottom, giving recruiters your vital contact information.

This not only gives various means of contacting you, it also looks really professional and shows that you know how to communicate in the workplace.

Include the following points;

• A friendly sign off – e.g. “Warm regards”
• Your full name
• Phone number (one you can answer quickly)
• Email address
• Profession title
• Professional social network – e.g. LinkedIn

Here is an example signature;

Warm regards,

Gerald Baker Senior Accountant 07887500404 [email protected] LinkedIn

Quick tip : To save yourself from having to write your signature every time you send a job application email, you can save it within your email drafts, or on a separate document that you could copy in.

What to include in your McKinsey cover letter

Your McKinsey cover letter will be unique to your situation, but there are certain content guidelines you should stick to for best results.

To attract and entice recruiters, stick with the following key subjects in your cover letter – adapting them to fit your profession and target jobs.

• Your professional experience – Employers will be keen to know if your experience is suitable for the job you are applying to, so provide a good summary of it in your cover letter.
• Your qualifications and education – Highlight your most relevant and high-level of qualification, especially if they are essential to the job.
• The positive impact you have made – Employers love to hear about the benefits you can bring to them, so shout about anything impressive you have done, such as saving money or improving processes.
• Your reasons for leaving – Use a few words of your cover letter to explain why you are leaving your current job and ensure you avoid any negative reasons.
• Your availability – Let recruiters know when you can start a new job . Are you immediately available, or do you have a month notice period?

McKinsey cover letter templates

Copy and paste these McKinsey cover letter templates to get a head start on your own.

I am writing to express my strong interest in the Growth and Sales Associate position at McKinsey. With over 12 years of experience working in business development, I am confident in my ability to drive revenue growth and establish strategic partnerships.

During my tenure at Tanto, I led market research efforts that identified and pursued new revenue opportunities, resulting in a remarkable 19% increase in revenue through the acquisition of five new enterprise clients. Additionally, my implementation of a strategic-partner sales strategy contributed to a substantial 12% increase in the company’s average deal size. Furthermore, my ability to build and manage relationships with key stakeholders, as showcased in my work at Tanto and Crystal Consulting, has led to successful partnerships and a remarkable 30% increase in the sales pipeline. As a PMI-Certified Project Management Professional with a BSc in Finance, I possess excellent communication and negotiation skills, consistently exceeding KPIs.

I am eager to bring my expertise to McKinsey and contribute to the firm’s continued success. I am available for an interview at your earliest convenience to discuss how my skills align with the goals of the company.

Marco Terrano

Hey Michael,

I am thrilled to apply for the Management Consultant role at McKinsey. As a seasoned Business Consultant with a track record of delivering tangible improvements in the financial sector, my expertise in data-driven solutions and process enhancement sets me apart.

In my current role at Arcadia Business Solutions, I excel in analysing clients’ operations and devising risk management frameworks, reducing operational risk by 15% for a leading investment bank in 2019. Moreover, my strategic planning initiative boosted revenue by 10% over three years for a financial services firm. During my tenure at TRC Ltd, I collaborated with senior consultants on business planning and achieved a 20% sales increase through a successful product launch strategy for a healthcare company. As a certified Agile Practitioner and Business Analysis Professional, I possess strong project management and mentoring skills and, at Monzo, I employed Agile methodologies to provide valuable insights and foster efficient workflows while adapting products to customer needs.

I am eager to discuss how my expertise can fuel McKinsey’s success and an interview at your convenience would be highly appreciated.

Kind regards,

Mathilde DuPont

I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to apply for the Automation Engineer position at McKinsey.

With 25+ years of experience as a detail-oriented Automation Tester, I possess a strong track record of optimising resources and streamlining performance testing strategies. At TechPro Lyd, I executed automated test scripts using Selenium WebDriver, Java, and TestNG, resulting in improved software stability and a 40% boost in application response time through a reverse-order performance testing strategy. During my tenure at KeyTech, I implemented an automated testing framework for mobile applications, reducing time-to-market for new features by 22%.

Throughout my career I regularly conducted end-to-end user testing, ensuring quality and timely delivery of the Product Development Life Cycle (PDLC). As an Agile Certified Practitioner, I am proficient in programming languages like Python, Java, Perl, and C#, and adept at using automation tools such as Jenkins, Maven, Docker, and Kubernetes.

I am available for an interview at your convenience to discuss how my skills can benefit McKinsey’s automation initiatives.

Nigel Sampson

Writing an impressive cover letter is a crucial step in landing a job at McKinsey, so taking the time to perfect it is well worth while.

By following the tips and examples above you will be able to create an eye-catching cover letter that will wow recruiters and ensure your CV gets read – leading to more job interviews for you.

Good luck with your job search!

Career in Consulting

All About The McKinsey Recruitment Process

If you want to get a job at McKinsey, you might ask yourself how the McKinsey recruitment process works.

Hence, in this article, I will remove the mystery of the McKinsey recruitment process , including:

• How to write a resume and cover letter that pass the McKinsey screening process
• How to pass the new McKinsey Solve Game (Imbellus)
• How to stand out during the McKinsey Personal Experience Interview (PEI)
• How to ace the challenging McKinsey case interviews
• And lots more!

So, if you want to land an offer at McKinsey, this in-depth guide is for you.

Let’s get started!

Table of Contents

Get the latest data about salaries in consulting, an overview of the mckinsey recruitment process.

From the time you apply until you accept the job offer, you will have to progress through a series of steps in the McKinsey recruitment process.

Most of the time, this process takes between two and three months, with often 14 days between steps on average.

Check this article to learn more about the exact preparation and interview timelines you should expect when interviewing at McKinsey.

However, the two rounds of interviews can be planned for two consecutive days.

Show Your Uniqueness: The Resume And Cover Letter Screening

Your resume , with a cover letter , is the first step to a very lucrative job at McKinsey.

Yet, less than 30% of applicants receive a call for an interview .

So, what is McKinsey looking for when screening your resume and cover letter?

First, McKinsey Is Looking For Academic Performance

Furthermore, a recent study from poetsandquants.com shows which schools are the top MBA feeders in the consulting industry.

For instance, top MBA programs with good placement in the consulting industry include MIT, London Business School, INSEAD, and Columbia Business School. 

Secondly, McKinsey Is Looking For Specific Qualities

McKinsey & Company is looking for people with certain characteristics and skills .

Therefore, all your resume and cover letter content should demonstrate that you possess these skills.

To be more precise: your resume and cover letter content must show how you used these skills and the IMPACT you had.

Lastly, McKinsey Wants To Understand Your Motivation To Join The Firm

McKinsey wants to understand your motivation to join McKinsey :

Are you genuinely interested in joining McKinsey over BCG or Bain?

Thus, your cover letter must show that you have researched the firm , talked to its consultants, and have persuasive and tailored arguments for why McKinsey is your first choice .

Are your cover letter and resume ready for applications?

Check these 2 articles to learn how to write winning resumes and cover letters and get many examples: consulting resume, a step-by-step guide (2023) , and writing  a persuasive and customized cover letter . 

Don't Stress Out: The HR Screening Interview

In most cases, the HR screening interview is conducted by phone and is aimed at briefly reviewing your background.

For instance, the HR screening interview can include a list of questions such as :

Background questions : for example, “Tell me about yourself” or “Describe your work history.”

Motivational questions : “Why are you interested in consulting?” and “Why McKinsey”?

Specific skill-based questions : for example, “Tell me about a time when you had to solve a problem in a team”

For this stage, you can expect a 20-minute interview. 

Note : more on how to answer those questions later in this guide.

Show Your Logical Reasoning: The McKinsey Problem-Solving Tests

The McKinsey recruitment process includes a Problem-Solving Test.

Since 2022 , McKinsey has used the Imbellus assessment (or McKinsey Problem Solving Game) to replace the McKinsey PST.

Note : The next chapter is about the McKinsey PST, but you can skip it and jump directly to the McKinsey Problem Solving Game.

The McKinsey Problem-Solving Test (PST)

As a Business Analyst at McKinsey, you will spend much time reading and analyzing data (from a graphical chart or an Excel spreadsheet).

Besides, you will have to derive insights from these data and connect these insights to your client’s problem.

The McKinsey Problem-Solving Test (or McKinsey PST) tests your ability to complete these tasks well.

In other words, the McKinsey PST assesses your ability to do the job: if you do well at the McKinsey PST, it indicates that you will perform well as an Analyst .

Indeed, this test has been designed to assess how you use  deductive, inductive, and quantitative reasoning abilities to  solve problems logically. 

How Does The McKinsey PST Look Like?

First, the McKinsey PST is a written test that usually takes 60 minutes and includes 26 multiple-choice questions, with a similar feel to the GMAT and GRE.

Secondly, the 2 most common types of questions you can have are:

• Calculate X, Y, and Z given the following data
• Which of the following conclusions are accurate given the following data

Thirdly, no business background is required . You only need your common sense to answer the McKinsey PST questions. 

Lastly, you can’t use a calculator or anything else , just your natural abilities. Math questions are solvable with simple math or approximation.

To conclude, the most challenging part of this test is time management .

You have to answer 26 questions in 1 hour. It is very unlikely that you’ll be able to answer all the questions, and McKinsey doesn’t expect you to do so.

Examples Of McKinsey PST Questions

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McKinsey Problem Solving Game

The McKinsey Problem Solving Game , also known as the Imbellus Assessment (or Imbellus test), is an environmentally-themed video game using data science to evaluate problem-solving choices .

How Does The McKinsey Problem Solving Game Look Like?

To begin with, this a gamified test divided into 2 games :

• First, you must create a balanced, sustainable ecosystem based on the rules of the environment you choose . For instance, in a mountain scenario, you determine the characteristics of the environment (e.g., elevation, humidity, wind, etc.), and then you choose animals and plants that can survive in this environment
• Secondly, you must defend a plant or an animal from enemies (usually rodents) by using slowers (barriers) or killers (predators). To win this game, you must understand which disease you face, how a disease is spreading, which animals are affected by this disease, etc.

You have 60-75 minutes to complete both games . 

Next, the McKinsey Problem Solving Game doesn’t just look at a candidate’s answers and how they get them .

It can see the candidate’s path and the information used to make a decision.

In this way, the video game assessment goes beyond the capabilities of the problem-solving test (PST) currently used in the screening process.

The McKinsey PST lets recruiters only see answers, not how they arrived.

Because the PST is a multiple-choice test, results also have some measure of luck.

To conclude, the game does not require business and mathematical knowledge , only evaluating cognitive abilities and problem-solving preferences.

Update : Check out our new article about the McKinsey Problem Solving Game , detailing the latest trends in the McKinsey PSG. 

What McKinsey Says About The Imbellus Test

Do not neglect it: the personal experience interview (pei).

After the screening process, there is a selection process consisting of multiple interviews. 

This section will tell you everything you need about the Personal Experience Interview .

But, before we start, I want to point out a mistake made by too many candidates:

Do NOT neglect your preparation for this part of the interview.

Indeed, the PEI counts for 50% of your assessment. In other words, candidates often fail to secure an offer after falling flat on the PEI – even with perfect case-cracking skills.

What To Expect During The PEI

During each of your Personal Experience Interviews, you can expect the four following types of questions :

First, “ Tell me about yourself ” or “Walk me through your resume.” 

Then, “ Why Consulting? “.

Thirdly, “ Why McKinsey? “.

Finally, one of the five McKinsey behavioral interview questions . 

You can expect the McKinsey PEI to last between 20 and 40 minutes. 

Now, let’s go through these 4 types of questions. 

Tell Me About Yourself

You never get a second chance to make a first impression.

This question, or common variants such as “Walk me through your resume,” is an easy and open-ended start to a conversation where your interviewer wants to know the following:

• What are your motivations, and what drives you?
• Which problems you had to solve, and how you solved them ?
• What is your academic background?
• How do you deal with people ?
• What impact have you had in the past?

Related article : Tell Me About Yourself: How to Answer This Question .

Why Consulting?

A natural question following “Tell me about yourself” is “ Why consulting? ” .

Because the second most important thing that McKinsey wants to know after who you are is:

• if you understand what Consulting is,
• and if you are truly interested in pursuing a career in that industry .

Why’s that?

Because McKinsey doesn’t want you to leave after six months when you would have realized that the consulting lifestyle doesn’t fit your objectives.

So, whether Consulting is a thoughtful career choice or an “I don’t know what to do, let’s try” career choice, there are many good reasons why Consulting can be a good opportunity.

7 Reasons Why Consulting Can Be A Good Career Opportunity

• #1 - It's a good career choice after University if you don't know what to do : if you don't know what to do after University or after your MBA (you're not alone!), then Consulting is a safe bet. You'll have the opportunity to explore which career, sector or specialty is right for you
• #2 - You'll have a strong impact : you'll have the opportunity to work on and solve the most pressing problems faced by big corporations
• #3 - You'll have a strong exposure to C-level Executives : early on in your career, you'll work directly for CEOs, CFOs, CMOs, etc. and start developing the soft skills to become a senior Executive later
• #4 - You'll learn a lot : Consulting firms invest a lot in training their consultants. In addition, the feedback culture is very strong and you'll get full performance reviews regularly
• #5 - You'll work with bright people : consultancies pride themselves on hiring bright and interesting people. Plus, with 3-month projects on average, you'll meet a lot of different people in consulting
• #6 - You'll have the opportunity to work in an international environment : large consultancies sell work to businesses and governments all around the world
• #7 - You'll have access to an amazing alumni network : having worked in a consulting firm will give you access to its alumni network that will help you throughout your career

2 Other Reasons Why Consulting Can Be A Good Career Opportunity (But You Can't Tell Them To Your Interviewer)

• #8 - You'll have great exit opportunities : headhunting firms or big corporations love ex-consultants. Even now, 5 years after I left Consulting, head hunters still contact me on Linkedin to point out interesting opportunities
• #9 - You'll earn a lot of money : consulting is also known as a very well-paid industry. The average base salary for a McKinsey Associate is $127,000 a year according to Glassdoor. Plus, your salary will increase between 10% and 25% each year

Besides listing a couple of reasons why you want to pursue a career in consulting, a compelling answer should explain WHY these reasons are important for you . 

Check this article to learn how to craft a compelling answer to the “Why consulting?” question.

Why McKinsey?

Next, “Why McKinsey?” : This question evaluates your motivation to join McKinsey.

I have explained in this article how to have a compelling answer to this question.

Behavioral Interview Questions

Finally, your interviewers will ask you one of these 5 McKinsey behavioral interview questions :

• Describe a challenging situation when you have had to work hard to achieve something, in a limited time, outside your comfort zone ( ENTREPRENEURIAL DRIVE )
• Tell me about a time when you have had to work with someone with an opposing opinion ( PERSONAL IMPACT )
• Share an example where you effectively worked with people with different backgrounds ( INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP )
• Revisit a time when you experienced significant change or encountered an ambiguous situation and share the actions you took to adapt to the new circumstances ( COURAGEOUS CHANGE )
• Discuss a hypothetical client scenario to help us understand how you structure tough, ambiguous challenges, identify important issues, deal with the implications of facts and data, formulate conclusions and recommendations, and articulate your thoughts ( PROBLEM SOLVING )

After your answer, your interviewer will ask several follow-up questions to understand better  how you used the skills that McKinsey seeks.

Hence, be prepared to go into detail and explain your options, your decisions (and why), what was difficult, what you enjoyed the most, etc.

Finally, I recommend preparing between 4 and 6 potential stories to ensure every interviewer hears a different story.

Related articles :

• The McKinsey PEI to understand in-depth how to ace your fit interviews
• The STAR framework revisited to craft amazing stories based on your experiences

Be Exceptionally Structured: The Case Interview

The case interview is another problem-solving test.

McKinsey believes the best way to assess your problem-solving skills is to discuss a real client scenario with you .

This helps them understand how you structure tough, ambiguous business challenges, identify important issues, deal with all the implications of facts and data, formulate conclusions and recommendations, and articulate your thoughts in a fast-moving discussion

For instance, you can watch this McKinsey video that outlines what to expect during the case interviews:

Besides what is outlined in the McKinsey video, you can watch what a real interview looks like in the next two videos:

Interviewer Led vs. Candidate Led

The McKinsey-style case interview follows the McKinsey interviewer-led case study interview format .

What does that mean?

First, your interviewer will present a problem . After clarifying questions, you must structure an approach to solve this problem.

Secondly, your interviewer will ask you a set of pre-determined questions , regardless of what your initial structure is.

For instance, here are the types of questions you can have:

• Problem structuring – organize the problem into an issue tree
• Trend analysis – review a graph and synthesize information relevant to the client
• Quantitative analysis – solve a simple mathematical calculation without a calculator and synthesize the results for the client
• Synthesis – the partner or client CEO is in the elevator with you. What do you recommend they do?

See each of these questions like a “mini” case:

You will have to understand the problem, develop a mini structure, ask for additional data (if necessary), and come to a conclusion that answers the question.

Good examples of interviewer-led cases can be found in the sample cases on the McKinsey  website.

Furthermore, you can read my free case interview guide .

Other consulting firms, such as the Boston Consulting Group or Bain and Company, use candidate-led case study interviews , which require the candidate to lead the discussion toward a final recommendation without a formal question format.

McKinsey Wants You To Succeed

Unlike in many industries, management consulting firms tell you exactly how to interview; the challenge is meeting McKinsey’s level of excellence.

To help you and other candidates meet baseline expectations, McKinsey provides these resources to candidates :

• 45-minute practice case study interview with a McKinsey alumnus
• 2-hour webinars explaining case study interviews with McKinsey alumni
• Four practice case interviews

I want you to succeed, too: you can find 250+ practice cases on this page.

Related article : 11 must-know frameworks to ace your case interviews.

You’re Almost Done: Ask the Interviewer Great Questions

You’ve made it through the behavioral and case study portions.

Now, the interviewer asks if you have any questions .

McKinsey & Company is genuinely interested in your questions . Interviewers want to know you are passionate about consulting and working at McKinsey.

Here are some ideas for great questions:

• Make a connection with your interviewer . Ask questions about their background and their current work that interest you
• Explore the culture of the office at which you are interviewing
• Clarify the structure of the office, McKinsey, or client engagements

You can read this article to build your list of smart questions to ask at the end of your interviews. 

The Infamous Blacklist: Does It Exist? And How to Overcome It

The jury is out on if there is a McKinsey blacklist.

Here’s what I do know: only apply if you are ready to interview .

Management consulting is a destination job for university programs and experienced hires.

Competition is strong .

For instance, if you do not pass the interviews, consulting firms will request you wait 12-18 months until you reapply .

Even then, McKinsey & Company may want to see a significant career change as evidence your skills have improved to pass another set of interviews, such as through a graduate degree, significant promotion, or work at a top-tier company.

Don’t dwell on the question of the blacklist, but remember, competition is tough. Be confident before you interview.

Offered an interview but not feeling ready? I can help you prepare in as little as 4 weeks .

The McKinsey Recruitment Process: Conclusion

To conclude, you now have a better understanding of the essentials of the McKinsey interview process.

Curious about the recruitment process for other top firms? Read more here:

• Bain & Company
• Boston Consulting Group

Now I want to hear from you:

Do you have any questions about the process?

With which part of the process do you struggle the most?

Leave a comment below.

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14 thoughts on “All About The McKinsey Recruitment Process”

Thanks admin for sharing this informative post.

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Pingback: How to answer “Why McKinsey?”, “Why BCG?”, or “ Why Bain?” questions - Career in Consulting

Really Helpful, one edit would be the duration of imbellus test is not 2 hours, it’s actually 60-75 mins

Thanks! Did you take the imbellus test? How was it?

really good postss

I had given my round 2 interview with a partner and subsequently with a senior partner. What are my chances of getting a call from Mckinsey? Also how long do they generally take to make a decision?

If you haven’t received a response within 10 days, you should contact HR.

Hi, I got an interview for a position of intern but it’s in the field of manufacturing. I have to case interview but no PST or PSG ?. Will the case interview be same for me or will it be different

Hi. Per my experience, yes you should have to pass a test and the case interviews will be the same as for generalists.

I interviewed at McKinsey recently for a Technical Role in Operations Analytics. The interview was my first in the series and was a technical one.

What should I expect future round of interviews to look like, given I will be working as Data Scientist – doing lots of Coding in Python!

Any help and advice is much appreciated.

Thank you in advance.

Hey. How much time would you recommend I take to prepare? Should I start preparing before I submit my resume or after? And which stage do you think I should prepare for most? Thanks in advance : )

Hi Sonia. I recommend being ready BEFORE you apply. This is very important because you won’t have the time to prepare after you’ve received the confirmation for your interviews. Regarding the time you need to be ready? It varies from person to person, but 3-5 months is a good average per my experience (if you prepare without a coach). A (good) coach will help you save a lot of time. for instance, our clients are ready in 4-8 weeks. Hope this helps, Sébastien

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Applying to McKinsey & Company: CVs, cover letters and interviews

Jacky Barrett

Last updated: 24 Nov 2023, 22:30

The McKinsey application process consist of a CV and optional covering letter online application, a problem solving assessment and typically two rounds of interviews.

What to include in your McKinsey CV | Your covering letter | McKinsey experience interview | McKinsey case interview

What recruiters want to see in your McKinsey CV

McKinsey & Company requires an excellent academic record and evidence of leadership, which may be from workplace roles or extracurricular activities. Successful applicants will demonstrate an aptitude for analytics, an interest in business with an entrepreneurial instinct, and an enjoyment of teamwork and problem-solving. McKinsey suggests that you include all work experience, such as full-time jobs and internships, even if they are not in a related field.

CVs for McKinsey should communicate more about your work experience than just the day-to-day responsibilities you performed: McKinsey is interested in ‘why your work mattered’ and the changes you brought about. The firm is looking for evidence of impact, leadership, entrepreneurship, problem solving and an overall orientation towards achievement. Draw attention to positions of leadership and teamwork, especially where they reveal initiative, entrepreneurship or extraordinary commitment. But do not simply describe them: make your achievements, and how they demonstrate your strengths, clear.

Extracurricular involvement and participation in activities outside of university bode well with McKinsey and should be detailed in a similar fashion to your work experience. Strive to provide examples of responsibility in your extracurricular activities and to quantify to the impact of your achievements wherever possible.

Always use language that is clear to any reader; for example, if you are describing your final year engineering project or your university air squadron activities then try to limit any specialist descriptions and technical jargon.

• Find more tips to help with consulting CVs for job-seeking graduates

Optional but recommended: your cover letter for McKinsey and how to pitch it

Unlike the CV, you are not required to submit a cover letter; however, you may find it a way to strengthen your application.

The essential point to remember is to write a unique cover letter for every employer you apply to. McKinsey expects to receive a cover letter that has been constructed with them, and no other firm, in mind – recruiters will be able to tell. Starting from fresh ensures that you will not copy and paste in any other firm’s name, and that everything you include will be relevant, considered and carefully targeted towards McKinsey & Company.

McKinsey has previously stated that the cover letter is a good place to draw attention to:

• Distinctive elements of your application – such as a role as president of a student society: were you elected in favour of other candidates? Has this given you experience of leadership? Of teamwork? Of delivering presentations? Of handling financial spreadsheets? Have you organised events, and on what scale?
• Details regarding a reapplication – such as why you are now a stronger candidate.
• An unusual situation – such as dates you will be unavailable for interview.

You can use your cover letter to demonstrate an understanding of the role of the business analyst at McKinsey & Company, which will involve interviewing clients, delivering presentations, conducting desk research, analysing data and building financial models.

It’s a good idea to spend a paragraph detailing exactly why you want to work for McKinsey & Company in particular . You might like to focus on what differentiates it as an employer by mentioning, for instance, its Global Connect initiative, that provides opportunities to find roles abroad in emerging markets; this suggests McKinsey is committed to global opportunities – does this suit your ambitions? The firm also emphasises that it encourages entrepreneurial spirit in its employers: if relevant, you could pick up on this in your covering letter. It is important not to focus on the benefits the company offers and talk instead about the firm’s values and work.

The best cover letters explain not only why you want to work for that firm, but also why they want you to work for them. Link what you say about McKinsey and its business analyst role back to your own values, achievements, strengths and experiences. Recruiters read hundreds of cover letters: make it easy for them to see why you are different.

• Discover more on what consulting employers look for in covering letters

McKinsey interviews

Applicants usually face two rounds of interviews at McKinsey preceded by the Solve gamified online assessment. Upon passing Solve – for which McKinsey states that there is no need to prepare ­(although you can find FAQs and an informational video for Solve on the McKinsey website) – applicants are invited to the first round of interviews.

The first round comprises two hour-long interviews; both include a case study and personal experience question. See below for more detail on case and experience interview questions.

Applicants successful at this stage are invited to a second and final round of interviews. The final interview round consists of three separate interviews (sometimes four) with more senior members of staff . It is a half-day assessment that follows a similar structure to the first round of interviews and features two hour-long case and experience interviews in addition to an advanced case interview.

McKinsey experience interview

This is a discussion of the candidate's CV, particularly extracurricular activities or work experience that showcase soft skills required of a consultant. Ultimately the interviewer is looking for someone who is client-safe. It's a good idea to watch the video on the firm's website which talks through what candidates can expect from each type of interview, and gives advice on the best way to approach the questions.

It is important to remember that a lot of the interview should form a two-way conversation. The interviewers want to connect with you so it is important to engage with them, allowing them to get to know you. McKinsey relies on behavioural questions to assess candidate-fit. Previous McKinsey experience interview questions are reported to include:

• Describe a situation when you had to deal with a difficult team member.
• In terms of culture and fit, what are the three most important aspects of an organisation to you?
• Name a time you resolved a conflict.
• Share an example of when you effectively worked with people from different backgrounds.
• Tell me about an experience not included on your resume that you are most proud of.
• What extracurricular experience are you most proud of?

McKinsey case interview

This discussion of a typical McKinsey business case doesn't require client knowledge. Instead it demands the application of logic, estimation and quantitative skills to identify and process relevant data and use it to solve a commercial problem – the sort of work a McKinsey business analyst does every day. You can try a few examples on the firm's website, which also provides examples of the best responses for each question, and read our advice on case study interviews . Previous McKinsey case questions are reported to include:

• What is the future value of an investment in building a hospital with 'x' capital and 'y' internal rate of return?
• Should company 'x' grow the business or cut costs?

Next: search relevant graduate jobs, schemes and internships

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Find extra help for online applications and interviews for graduate consulting roles here.

Get the insights and skills you need to shape your career journey with Pathways. We’ll show you exactly what goes into a convincing cover letter, so you can give yourself the best chance of getting to the next stage of the application process.

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Mckinsey "optional" cover letter.

Hi, I am planning to apply for McKinsey in Germany. On their homepage it says that amongst the documents necessary for the application process are a CV and all relevant certificates. Regarding cover letter, it says "Cover letter (optional)". In what cases do you think it makes sense to include a cover letter and do i have far lower chances when not including one (vs. sending a mediocre one)?

Overview of answers

• Date ascending
• Date descending

you should always consider including a cover letter in your applications even if you feel like you do not have enough knowledge about the firm/ position to tailor it appropriately as, in my experience, applications sent without a cover letter tend to have far lower success rates. Like many other things, preparing a cover letter is a signal that you put effort into your application.

However, you should not prepare a "mediocre" cover letter. Instead, my suggestion would be to prepare one standard cover letter to use in all your consulting application and then personalise some parts of it for the specific firm you are applying to (e.g. if you are applying to Bain, you may make reference to their Private Equity or Luxury industry expertise; for McKinsey, I believe some interesting points would be related to their global alumni network, international staffing model and/ or the strength of their Strategy & Corporate Finance practice, which - at least in Italy - has a great reputation).

Hope this helps!

Good question! And one we all had one day :)

The truth is that it does not add, at all. None reads it.

However, if you have it written -perhaps becuase you used it for referrals, or you have something you can easily recycle...- never hams. Once it´s more or less done, zero opportunity cost.

Furthermore, it´s always good to have something similar to a CL/motivational letter ready, since it´s useful for networking and follow ups.

Hope it helps!

Most likely they won’t read it. However, I would still prepare one and attach it for the following reasons:

• You will need to prepare one for all the other consulting companies . The rework to edit a cover for McK should be minimal
• There are no downsides if you attach it, but there may be possible upsides

I would not recommend a mediocre one. Better to invest the time to create a great template and reuse it for all companies.

If you need more help please PM me.

I would include a cover letter but would not overinvest. Recruiters do not really read them thoroughly

McKinsey doesn't really care about cover letters.

That said, should you include one? I would...downside risk is 0, upside exists. Simple math.

If you don't want to put in all that work/energy, reach out to me...I have a process that allows you to "mass produce" top-tier cover letters for all your consulting applications! (i.e. if you just get setup right, any additional cover letter should take under an hour).

For McK, it will not add anything to your application. Since you already have one prepared for other firms (I guess), just change it up a bit and include it with your application (no harm done).

A lot of the general advice here is helpful for most firms. However, McKinsey employees across many platforms have specifically said they don't read/evaluate cover letters, so it makes no impact to your application. Feel free to look this up on Fishbowl, reddit, etc.

I did not include a cover letter and still got an offer.

Note, this doesn't apply for other firms, but it does for M.

If you can always include an impactful cover letter to complement the CV. Explain why you are a great FIT. Please search the Q&A forum broadly for tons of tips on this subject.

It helps to send a cover letter. It is not the most crucial part of the application process but definitely a plus especially if there are points you want to elaborate on or explain.

A cover letter is only necessary if there is something about your background/CV that requires explanation (e.g., longer studies due to health issues, etc.). If not, I wouldn't bother as recruiters usually don't bother to read through and it is not passed on to your interviewers either.

others might disagree but I would always include a cover letter, because it has way more upsides:

• If you get an invite, interviewers will have read your cover letter and it might be a good talking point
• When recruiters are not fully convinced, they might have a look at your cover letter to get a feel for what person you are -> Then it's a great tool to distinguish yourself from the mass
• It shows you generally avoid the easiest way and commit to an application (this says something about you as a consultant as well)

That being saig, I would advise against taking the same for all consulting firms, but rather ask myself the question why I would want to work for McK instead of the other firms, i.e.

• What makes the firm special?
• What might be values you share?
• How can you identify with what the firm identity stands for?

In the end, it might be that the work put into the cover letter is not recognized too much because you check other boxes but anyway, it will be a learning point for you why you want to work for a specific firm. + a good cover letter has never hurt anybody ;-) Hope this helps! Jonas

Cover letter is optional and they will probbably not read it, but I would suggest you to attach one. In this way you can show your proactivity and accuracy. Do not waste so much time on it, it's enough to have a decent cover letter that does not attract attention for negative reasons.

McKinsey recruiters won't really read it, I can only confirm.

On the other hand, you can't really lose when preparing one.

The choice is yours ;)

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Tips for Advanced Professional Degree Candidates

Application and interview information, more than half our consultants have a doctorate, law, medical, or non-business master’s degree..

Working toward your advanced degree means you already have many of the skills and strengths you need to succeed here.

If you like the idea of a stimulating and challenging career alternative and an opportunity to work with highly motivated colleagues in a team-based environment, we encourage you to apply.

Application tips

The following general recommendations give a sense of how we assess candidates with Advanced Professional Degrees and provides suggestions for highlighting your accomplishments.

We review every application completely, so we encourage you to provide accurate and thorough information. There are no knockout factors, and you need not be distinctive on every dimension. You will be better served by providing all the information we ask for than by leaving out elements you feel are weak.

Your application (i.e., cover letter, CV/resume) is our first and primary evidence of your written communication skills, so present it in a thoughtful and compelling manner. Make it easy to identify distinctive elements.

Preparing your CV or resume

Preparing for the online application, preparing for interviews.

Writing your MBB cover letter

Updated: Sep 17, 2020

MBB firms (McKinsey, BCG, Bain) usually require a cover letter. They’ll read it immediately after reading your CV, provided your CV has captured the recruiter’s attention. Whether you are writing a BCG, Bain or McKinsey cover letter, these tips all apply!

One page, font 11 minimum, 3-5 paragraphes.

Cover letters require some work. The single question that they should answer is: What makes you a good candidate for management consulting? Your job is to link your experience, passions and drive with what consulting firms are looking for in a candidate.

Depending on your profile, they’ll be looking for slightly different things:

The fresh-out-of-school candidate (undergrad and grad)

If you just graduated and don’t have at least 6 months of work experience yet, you won’t have much business experience to share. Still, there are a few things you can do to make your cover letter stand out to management consulting HR:

Show that you’re a team player: talk about projects, especially those where you had a leadership role. Summarize context, challenges, actions and impact of the 1-2 most impressive projects.

Tip: It’s best to structure your answers in a STAR framework. Learn more about the STAR framework and other in-depth interview tips in the ZeroToMBB book.

Show that you’re passionate and driven: demonstrate your ability to start and see personal projects through. Talk about your motivations, the challenges you faced and how you have overcome them. Nobody wants to work with a boring teammate, so this is the place to really talk about what excites you!

Show that you’re a problem solver: take examples of technical or team-related challenges that you faced and describe the strategies you put in place to solve them.

Show that you’re willing to learn and be flexible: management consultants can work for very diverse industries and functional sectors. They work hard, and they are always on the road. If you’ve specialized in a technical topic, talk about your learning journey and mention any awards and recognitions. Give examples of your ability to handle a high workload.

Why you want to work in consulting: if you don’t come from business school, it might be less obvious why you want to switch to consulting. Typical reasons include: broadening your horizons, working with diverse people, or exploring the world of business. Offices in different locations serve different industries, so search online for the industries linked to the office you’re applying to, and see if you have relevant experience in it.

The 5-years-of-experience and/or MBA candidate

If you have some work experience and want to move to consulting, or are graduating from your MBA, the bar for the cover letter is high. Here are some of the topics to cover:

Show that you’re a leader: show a track record of leadership positions, with high impact projects and large teams.

Show your expertise in a business topic: management consulting firms are craving candidates with strong industry or functional knowledge. This is your time to tell what you know from your previous work and link it to how this will be useful as a consultant. Look at what industries your office is focused on, and if there’s no match, broaden your search to a regional level.

Show your business acumen: managing clients, working internationally, building financial models, managing budgets, having a track record of business impact, all these examples show that you are an experienced professional that could be put in front of a client with confidence.

Show that you’re passionate and driven: demonstrate your ability to start and see personal projects through. Talk about your motivations, the challenges you faced and how you have overcome them. Nobody wants to work with a boring person so this is the place to really talk about what excites you!

Looking for more details on what makes a great cover letter for MBB? Read more in the ZeroToMBB book , filled with end-to-end tips on how to ace the interview and land the offer.

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