resumes chronological vs functional

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Different Types of Resumes (With Examples)

Chronological Resume

Functional resume, combination resume, infographic resume, resume with profile/summary, targeted resume, nontraditional resume, mini-resume.

Adrian Mangel / The Balance

There are several basic types of resumes you can use to apply for job openings. You can choose to write a chronological, functional, combination, or a targeted resume. Each resume type is used for different purposes. Therefore, when deciding which type of resume to use, you have to think about your current employment circumstances.

Here's an overview of each type of resume, advice on when to use which one, and examples.

A chronological resume starts by listing your  work history , with the most recent position listed first. Below your most recent job, you list your other jobs in reverse chronological order.

Employers typically prefer this type of resume because it's easy to see what jobs you have held and when you have worked at them. This is the most common resume type.

This type of resume works well for job seekers with a strong, solid work history. If you are starting your career, or if you are changing career fields, you might consider a different resume type.​

Example: Chronological Resume

A functional resume focuses on your skills and experience, rather than on your  chronological work history . Instead of having a “work history” section at the top of your resume, you might have a “professional experience” or “accomplishments” section that lists various skills you have developed over the years.

A functional resume also sometimes includes a resume summary or headline at the top, which details a person’s skills and achievements. A functional resume might not include one’s employment history  at all or might have a concise list of work history at the bottom of the resume.

Functional resumes are used most often by people who are  changing careers  or who have gaps in their employment history. It is also useful for people who are new to the workforce, have limited work experience, or who have a gap in their employment .

By highlighting skills rather than work history, you can emphasize how you are qualified for the job.​

Example: Functional Resume

A combination resume is a mix between a chronological resume and a functional resume. At the top of the resume is a list of one’s skills and qualifications. Below this is one’s chronological work history. However, the work history is not the focus of the resume and typically does not take up much space on the resume.

With this type of resume, you can highlight the skills you have that are relevant to the job you are applying for, as well as provide your chronological work history. After all, most employers want to see your chronological work history, even if that history is not very extensive.

This kind of resume helps you highlight what makes you the best fit for the job, while still giving the employer all the information he or she wants.​

Example: Combination Resume

Infographic resumes include graphic design elements in addition to or instead of text. A traditional resume uses text to list a candidate's work experience, education, and skills, while an infographic resume uses layout, color, design, formatting, icons, and font styling to organize content.​

Example: Infographic Resume

A Robert Half survey reports that 78% of employers prefer traditional resumes to infographics, even for creative roles.

A resume with a profile section  includes a concise summary of an applicant’s skills, experiences, and goals as they relate to a  specific job . This summary (typically no more than a couple of sentences long) helps candidates “sell” themselves to the company to which they are applying.

Adding a profile is helpful for almost any applicant. If you have extensive experience, a profile can concisely explain that experience to the hiring manager right away. If you have limited work experience, a profile can help you highlight the skills that you do have.

Example: Resume With a Profile

You can also add a headline, which is a brief phrase that summarizes why you are an ideal candidate for the job, to your resume.

A targeted resume is a resume that is customized to specifically highlight the experience and skills you have that are relevant to the job you are applying for. It takes more work to write a targeted resume than to click to apply with your existing resume. However, it's well worth the effort, especially when applying for jobs that are a perfect match for your qualifications and experience.

Example: Targeted Resume

Try to write a targeted resume for every job. Employers can easily see when you submit a generic resume, rather than thinking about why you are qualified for that specific job.

A nontraditional resume is a unique version of your resume that may include photos, graphics, images, graphs, and other visuals. It might be an online resume, or a physical resume with infographics, as mentioned above. It could also be a video or a resume on a social networking website.

Nontraditional resumes are ideal for people in creative fields, who want to demonstrate their ability to create visually engaging designs or to create web pages. It can be a good way for a job candidate to stand out from the crowd in professions like design, web design, journalism, and more.

A  mini-resume  contains a  brief summary  of your career highlights and qualifications. It only contains the information that relates to the position you are applying for or the industry you would like to work in.

In most cases, your traditional resume will be appropriate. A mini-resume, however, can be useful at job fairs or career networking events when you're meeting with many people and want to leave them with something more than just a business card. You can also use a mini-resume when you're networking and would like your contact to pass on your information to a hiring manager or recruiter. 

Example: Mini-Resume

Key Takeaways

• Chronological resumes list work history in reverse chronological order, with the most recent job listed first.
• Functional resumes focus on skills and experience rather than on employment history.
• Combination resumes list skills and qualifications first, followed by work history.

CareerOneStop. " Select the Best Format ." Accessed Feb. 9, 2022.

Robert Half. " Best Resume Format ." Accessed Feb. 9, 2022.

CareerOneStop. " Headline and Summary Sample ." Accessed Feb. 9, 2022.

Functional vs Chronological Resume with Examples

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What are functional and chronological resumes?

How to write a functional resume, how to write a chronological resume, example of a functional resume, example of a chronological resume.

Creating the perfect resume is the most important tool in your search for a new job. As you progress in your career, the resume format you choose should match where you are in your life in the manner which best suits your individual experience and capabilities. This article explains the difference between a chronological and a functional resume to help you write a winning resume that showcases your current talents and abilities.

Here are two common types of resumes:

Functional resume

The functional resume format makes your accomplishments and skills the focus as the first section listed after your name and contact information.  This format is most attractive to those who are switching industries or trying to move their career in a new direction.

Chronological resume

A chronological resume (or ‘reverse-chronological’ resume) is the format most commonly used to show advancement over time and highlight achievements in past positions. It will show recruiters or employers what a perfect fit you are for the job you are applying for, based on the skill set developed throughout your career thus far.

Follow these steps to write a functional resume:

1. First, write a resume summary

Write a resume summary at the beginning of your resume that focuses on the skills you have that are relevant to the job. This is a great way to present yourself and all of your skills to the employer at first glance.

2. Second, write a ‘Skills’ section

Focus on your skills section, which is listed first on this resume, and make sure they are relevant to the job you’re applying for. Consider your unique abilities gained from special projects that might demonstrate some valuable skills you have developed and the success you have achieved.

3. Third, include your work history

While it’s not necessary to outline the exact dates of employment in your work experience, you should still include the basic employment details for each job you are listing.

4. Fourth, organize your resume

Organize your resume by category or theme. For example, if you have experience in marketing and public relations, group those skills and experiences together to promote your abilities in that area.

5. Finally, use keywords

Using specific keywords is very helpful, as they let the employer know that your skills match up with the requirements of the job. 

Follow these steps to write a chronological resume:

1. First, include a summary

Begin your resume with a short summary of your skills, experience or coursework relevant to the job you are applying for. 

2. Second, include your experience

Your professional experience section comes next and it should take up the most space on your resume. Highlight, in a bullet-pointed list, all of your relevant work experience, duties and responsibilities in each position as well as your major achievements.

3. Third, list your relevant skills

Include skills relevant to the job as well as your soft skills, such as leadership, organization or team player. The idea is to add some qualities that you have which make you stand out from other candidates.

4. Fourth, include your education

Your education includes any certifications you have earned, as well as your college degrees along with your major and minor, if applicable. 

5. Finally, include a miscellaneous section such as ‘Hobbies and Interests’ or ‘Languages’

Any activities such as college-level sports, foreign language skills, significant volunteer work, internships or published works can go in this section. 

Here is an example of a functional resume to help you create your own:

Eric Cassidy 231 River Road Austin, TX 23125 555-555-5555 [email protected]

Experienced web designer with strong graphic design skills and UX experience seeks a position in web design with a major ad agency.

Core Qualifications

• Background designing entire websites and taking them from conception to launch
• Excel at building designs with a focus on user experience
• Adept at building sites that are optimized for SEO
• Proficient at managing a team of junior web developers

Areas of Expertise

Photoshop, UX design, HTML, CSS, Dreamweaver, responsive design, media query, Microsoft Office, fluency in Spanish

• Web design:  Lead web designer at an agency that designs an average of five new sites per week, meeting strict deadlines and exceeding customer expectations
• Graphic design:  Lead in the design, development and implementation of graphics, layout and production of marketing materials 
• Problem-solving:  Designed a systematic process for testing bugs to ensure the end product delivered to the client was error-free
• Management:  Oversaw a team of 10 developers, both in-office and overseas

Employment History

Senior Web Designer: September 2018-Present, Easy Street Agency, Austin, TX

Web Designer: August 2016-August 2018, Easy Street Agency, Austin, TX

Junior Web Designer: May 2014-July 2017, Magnolia Agency, Austin, TX

Austin University, 2010-2014 Bachelor of Science in Web Design

Here is an example of a chronological resume to guide you as you craft your own:

Adam Black 123 Main Street Safety Harbor, FL 33333 [email protected]

I am a passionate marketing manager looking for a position in a creative, technology-driven organization where I can utilize my superior marketing abilities to increase online traffic and sales.

Marketing Manager Gulf Coast Advertising May 2018 – Present

• Developed a new promotional campaign by bundling products together, increasing revenue by 11%
• Develop, monitor and evaluate the marketing and advertising strategy for each individual client
• Manage and implement client promotions to drive revenue

Digital Marketer Gulf Coast Advertising January 2016 – April 2018

• Developed unique content for a variety of clients to improve performance and brand awareness
• Performed keyword research to improve client ranking in the search engines
• Organized and analyzed data and marketing results and made recommendations for new directions for campaigns

Social Media Strategist BlueGreen Advertising October 2014 – December 2015

• Used social media to enhance the company brand and reach more potential customers
• Provided campaign performance reporting and analysis to senior managers and clients
• Planned and implemented complex digital marketing campaigns through a range of online channels

Professional Skills

• Google AdWords
• Facebook advertising
• Search engine optimization
• Process streamlining
• Team leadership

University of Tampa, 2010 – 2014Bachelor of Arts in Marketing

Volunteer Work

• American Cancer Society – Media team for promoting the annual gala, 2015 – Present

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Do you know the differences between a functional and chronological resume? We have the details to help you know which format is best for you!

Functional vs. Chronological Resume: Differences & Similarities

First job, next job, summer job, temp job. It doesn’t matter what kind of job you’re applying for. You’re going to need a resume .

While most people do not relish writing one (professional resume writers excluded), as a rule of thumb, resumes are relatively easy to create. Simply sum up your work history, right?

Well, that’s not exactly the case . A resume is more than an accounting of your jobs.

And, for those who have a gap in their employment history , you may not want to advertise that gap during the application stage. After all, you’re more than a series of jobs, and you want to demonstrate that to the employer. At the same time, you don’t want to be dishonest about your work history.

What are job seekers supposed to do?

Functional vs. Chronological Resume

At its core, a resume is a summary of your employment history, professional skills , and relevant experience.

But a resume is more than a summary of you. A resume helps recruiters size you up. It’s an easy and concise way for them to see at a glance if you’ve got what they want in a candidate. An interview will help determine if you’re the right fit for a job, but a well-written resume helps get you an interview .

Here’s a quick description of a standard, chronological resume and a functional resume. Learn what each entails, and then we’ll discuss how to determine which type of resume you should use.

Chronological Resumes

When you use a chronological resume , you start at the top, then work your way down and backward . After your name, contact information, and optional summary, you list your work history, starting with your current or most recent job. For each job, you list where you worked, the dates you worked, your title, and all of your job duties. Working your way backward, you cover your employment history until you’re out of jobs (or space).

Functional Resumes

The key highlight of a functional resume vs a chronological resume is that functional resumes are skills-based . Instead of starting with your current job and moving backward, a functional resume focuses on your skills and abilities , instead of your job history.

Generally, a functional resume starts with your name and then a summary of your achievements and accomplishments, similar to the summary statement on any resume.

After the general summary is the “skills” section. You create broad skills categories, then list specific examples of those skills. For example, you might have a “Sales” skill category with bullet points like, “Achieved salesperson of the month for nine straight months; Increased new sales to new clients by 15% year over year,” and so on.

At the bottom is your work history. However, unlike the chronological resume, on a functional resume, you only list the name of the company, your title, and your dates of employment. You do not list your job duties.

Note: A functional resume is not a CV. A CV (curriculum vitae) is similar to a functional resume in that the emphasis is on your achievements rather than your work history. However, a CV is more about awards you’ve won and papers you’ve published than your job history, though job history is often listed on a CV.

Pros and Cons of Different Resume Formats

Those are the basics of each resume style. However, you can’t just point to one and say, “I like it!” and start writing. Each resume format has pros and cons you should consider before committing.

Chronological Resume Pros and Cons

Chronological resume pros.

There are several pros to using a chronological resume. For starters, it’s the most common and widely used resume. Recruiters are used to seeing it and this format makes it easy for them to scan your resume and see at a glance if you’re a good fit for the position.

Recruiters also feel that a chronological resume does a better job explaining your background and skills . Paring what you learned with where you learned it helps give your work history context. And, that context is what can help land you in the “interview” pile.

They are also the preferred format for applicant tracking systems (ATSs). While you should have a keyword-rich resume no matter what resume format you use, ATSs are usually programmed to look for certain headers and other criteria to scan your resume. This programming is generally based on a chronological resume. If you use something other than a chronological resume, an ATS may not see your keywords because it doesn’t know where to look.

Lastly, using a chronological resume may make it easier for you to update your resume or even write a resume from scratch. Much like a recruiter can see your skills in context on a chronological resume, you too may have an easier time remembering what you did at each job when you’re focusing on what you accomplished and where.

Chronological Resume Cons

The chronological resume does have disadvantages. The first is that a chronological resume makes employment gaps obvious . And there’s no way to hide it. No matter what your reason is for dropping out of the workforce, some employers will see the gap and pass you over. fm

The chronological resume is also not the best resume template for people who are changing careers . Sure, you may have a lot of experience in accounting, but how does that help you as an aspiring supply chain director? It can be difficult to express why you’re changing careers and how you can transfer your skills on a chronological resume.

Functional Resume Pros and Cons

Functional resume pros.

In some cases, a functional resume may be a better choice for you. The first advantage of this format is that if you have a large gap in your work history, a functional resume de-emphasizes that by putting the focus on your skills.

Functional resumes are also good for career changers because, again, this format de-emphasizes your work history . In a functional resume, you can talk about the relevant skills you’ve gained from an unrelated position. Or emphasize the new skills you’ve learned through volunteering, taking classes, or even just trying things out on your own.

Functional Resume Cons

However, before you craft a functional resume, you should know that they, too, have their disadvantages. Perhaps the most important con of a functional resume is that recruiters do not like them. Fair or not, when a recruiter sees a functional resume, they worry that you’re hiding something. While that may not be the case, that’s still a problem.

Also, when you’ve seen (or scanned) 20 chronological resumes in a row and number 21 is functional, it slows things down, and that can frustrate the recruiter.

And, as mentioned above, your skills are out of context to a recruiter. Instead of looking at your skills first, most recruiters are likely to drop down to your employment history first, to try to gain some context about who you are and why you’re applying for the job. If they can’t connect the dots from employment history to skills easily, they’re likely to put you in the reject pile.

A Better Option: Hybrid Resume

Consider using a hybrid resume in place of a functional resume (or even a chronological resume).

According to Betsy Andrews, former Career Expert at FlexJobs, a hybrid resume “includes an achievements section, but also provides a bit of information under each position,” which helps gives context to your resume .

The top of a hybrid resume is a summary of your skills. However, instead of using broad categories, you pick a key skill and highlight it quickly with a brief sentence or two. For example, you might say, “Sales skills: Top salesperson for three straight quarters while increasing new business to new clients by 15% each year.”

After highlighting your top three or four skills, move on to your employment history using a chronological format. However, don’t list every bullet point from your job description. Instead, list the most relevant duties to help highlight your selected skills.

So, you might write, “XYZ company, New Business Sales, dates you were employed: Responsible for prospecting new leads through various methods. Streamlined client communications to help build and maintain relationships, thus increasing retention.” Repeat this until you’ve reached the beginning of your work history.

In this hybrid format, you are emphasizing your skills without de-emphasizing your work history . Yes, an employment gap will be visible, but it won’t be as important because you’ve front-loaded the resume with your relevant skills.

An Employment Story Worth Telling

Ultimately, a resume is the story of your work history, achievements, and skills. While it’s not a riveting beach read, a well-written resume can help you get an interview, which can lead to a job. Of course, like any story, a poorly written one will end up lost or forgotten about.

While you don’t want your story to read like everyone else’s, using a familiar format is important when you’re job searching. It may not be your first choice, but it can be your best choice. Don’t let flaws in your story scare you. There are plenty of resume templates that help you tell the best story possible to recruiters and can help highlight why you’re the best person for the job.

We’ve got more advice on how to improve your resume and how to craft an amazing cover letter so you can tell even more of your story.

And if you're looking for additional help, consider becoming a FlexJobs member. In addition to exclusive access to our jobs database, members get access to a wide variety of resources. Take a tour of our platform to learn more!

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• Chronological, Functional or Combination Resume Format: Pick the Best One (with examples)

 Probably writing a resume is not the best thing you used to do. It takes a lot of forces and strengths to make a really good one that catches the recruiter’s attention and emphasizes all your skills. However, the mission is possible if you’re familiar with the different types of resumes. Resume format may differ due to your working background, proficiency, type of work and skills. Make resume formatting isn’t that hard and we prepared a list of 3 types of resumes, so you may take the one that would present your strongest sides to the hiring manager.

1. Chronological resume

What is a chronological resume.

This is the most common and standard resume format and telling the truth, many employers typically prefer this type to others as it's easy to see what jobs you have held and when you have worked at them. A chronological resume focuses on your work history first as the most relevant point for hiring managers. Obviously, your jobs are listed in reverse chronological order with your current or most recent job with brief explanations of each job. 

When should you use a chronological resume?

A chronological resume format is the most common resume type, which suits those people who have an extensive work history that is in the same line of work as the job for which they are applying. It’s a safe choice for virtually all job seekers. 

When should you avoid using a chronological resume?

The chronological resume does not work well for career changers. You might have a lot of work experience in different industries but a chronological format demands related and smooth working history. As well as career changes, chronological resume doesn’t like gaps in employment and will only emphasize these issues.

Chronological resume structure

A chronological resume often includes an eye-catching career summary at the top. Then you should define chronology of your previous work experience and make it as clear as possible - it’s the main part of such resumes. Education, certifications, and special skills are also included in this type of resume but are listed after your work experience section.

Have a look at a chronological resume example to get a clearer visual understanding. 

A proper reverse chronological resume order should be as follows:

• Contact information
• Resume summary or resume objective
• Work experience
• Additional Sections

2. Functional resume

What is a functional resume.

The functional resume format allows you to take the pressure off your work history and focus more on your skills and abilities. That’s why it’s also called the skills-based resume format. The focus is shifted from job titles and dates to your actual relevant skill set.

When should you use a functional resume?

It is typically used by job seekers who are changing careers, who have gaps in their employment history , students with less working experience or people, whose work history is not directly related to the job. If you are looking for a job in creative industries, where your portfolio matters more than your resume, go ahead and use creative functional resumes. 

When should you avoid using a functional resume?

Through, it’s a great one for teens, students, and graduates, who lack work experience, but have their education, internships, projects, volunteering or campus work on their back, it’s still the most tricky resume type. The functional format might not work as it just throws your job history out. If you’re a fresher looking for a summer or entry-level job – it’s your choice to show up. But if you already have some achievements under your belt, your experience section would be presented only by a tiny list of your past employers at the bottom of the resume, and that’s not what you need.

Functional resume structure

No worry, if you don’t have a perfect work experience with a treasure trove of relevant skills and competencies. You’re not the only one and there are numbers of strategies you can employ to cover up gaps on your resume. To get an idea of how a functional resume can conceal your work gaps, you must understand the structure of current resume format.

Take a look at the functional resume example and let it become clear to you. 

Keep in mind the correct functional resume order:

• Resume objective
• Skills Summary
• Additional Skills
• Work Experience

Remember, even if you don’t have much work experience, you should still link your skills with either your academic achievements or part-time jobs and volunteer experience. The functional resume can be an ideal resume format for freshers as its ultimate goal is to make the hiring manager see your potential and desire to work.

3. Combination resume

What is a combination resume.

The combination resume format (or hybrid resume) is a middle ground between the reverse chronological resume and functional one. As the name suggests, it combines the aspects of the other two resume types. The combination style focuses more on skills but leaves plenty of room to provide details on your past work. Shortly, it focuses on skills without throwing off the work experience section. The more transferable skills you include, the easier it will be to make a successful resume. 

When should you use a combination resume?

Combination resumes were designed for job seekers who already have a relevant work experience or even looking to jump into a new industry. Moreover, if you’re applying for a position that requires a lot of technical skills and expertise, using a combination format is the best way to showcase these abilities to the hiring manager. If you had an impressive set of accomplishments and job duties in previous positions and want to highlight the skills you’ve developed over the years this style is perfect to help you succeed in a career path.

When should you avoid using combination resume?

Combination resumes don’t work well when you don’t have much work experience or your duties weren’t specified. Also, if you didn’t get any promotions, awards or achievements over the course of your career don’t go for the hybrid resume. You should better use a chronological resume structure. However, if you eventually got one, do not forget explain and emphasize each of them.  

Combination resume structure

Formatting a resume demands your skills and qualifications first. Those skills that are most relevant to a particular job opening must be on the top. Underneath each skill, you make a bulleted list of professional achievements that highlight the skill. Your employment history is listed next, in reverse chronological order. It would be perfect to divide the descriptions of your work experience into “Related Work Experience” and “Additional Professional Experience” sections. This allows you to focus recruiter’s attention on your most relevant experience while at the same time providing a complete work history.

Let’s have a look at combination resume sample.

A proper combination resume order should be as follows:

If you are still unsure of your ability to create a good resume format on your own, don’t hesitate to use our professional resume writing help and get your documents done on a higher level! ---

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Functional vs Chronological Resume—Difference & Examples

I had an interview yesterday and the first thing they said on the phone was: “Wow! I love your resume.” Patrick I love the variety of templates. Good job guys, keep up the good work! Dylan  My previous resume was really weak and I used to spend hours adjusting it in Word. Now, I can introduce any changes within minutes. Absolutely wonderful! George

1. Functional vs Chronological Resume—What’s the Difference?

Why does your resume format matter , 2. chronological resume example, when to use a chronological resume, how to write a chronological resume, 1. start with a persuasive resume objective or summary, 2. write an exceptional job description section, 3. include an education section, 4. craft a perfect skills section, 5. jazz up your resume with a few bonus sections, 3. functional resume example, advantages of a functional resume, what sections to include in a functional resume, 1. introduce yourself with a key achievement, 2. write a detailed skills section, 3. include a short employment history section, 4. mention your education, 5. use bonus sections, about resumelab’s editorial process, was it interesting here are similar articles.

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Chronological vs Functional Resumes

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Posted On 29 Jun 2021

There’s more than one way to write a resume. While you may be used to writing your resume chronologically (aka the reverse chronological resume), it may surprise you to know that there’s a different resume type, called the functional resume. Each type serves a different purpose, and one works better than the other depending on the applicant’s life circumstances. Let’s take a look at the difference between a chronologically and functionally written resume, and when it’s best to use one over the other.

Get to know the difference: chronological vs functional resume

As the name suggests, chronological or reverse chronology resumes follow a timeline. This type of resume prioritizes the applicant’s work experiences and arranges these from the latest to the earliest. It’s the most common type of resume, not to mention it’s also fairly easy to write, as long as you’ve kept track of your work history.

A functional resume on the other hand, highlights the applicant’s skills and achievements, taking the attention away from other elements that may reduce an applicant’s chances of getting hired, such as limited work experience, lengthy unemployment or inconsistent work history.

Ultimately, the difference between a chronological and functional resume all boils down to format. The sections of a chronologically formatted resume generally follows this sequence:

• Heading and personal info

• Summary statement

• Work experience

• Skills and training

• Education

• Awards, citations and certifications

As you can imagine, a functionally written resume is organized differently, with the Skills section preceding Work Experience, which is intentionally kept very brief. Often, the functional format resume only includes the last job held. Aside from this major change, the rest of the sections remain largely identical.

When to use a chronological resume

If you have a strong work history—meaning, you have been regularly employed in a particular industry—a chronologically written resume will work best for you. Here are other considerations when chronological writing will be the ideal type to use when applying for a job.

• You’ve always held the same job or similar.

• You are highly experienced in your field.

• You’re seeking a new job similar to the one you have or had.

• You have worked your way up in your career.

A chronological vs functional resume allows recruiters to track your career easier, so if your work history ticks these boxes, that’s a good indication that a chronological resume format is the one you should use.

Pros and cons of chronological resume

As with any type of resume, even the popular chronological resume has its advantages and disadvantages. Let’s enumerate the chronological resume’s pros and cons.

• Simple and straightforward format

• Easy-to-read layout

• May not be ideal for your career situation

• Can highlight negative career choices such as job hopping and/or lengthy unemployment

When to use a functional resume

Although most employers prefer a chronologically written resume, a functional format resume is still welcome, especially if you can relate to the following:

• You’ve had some spells of job-hopping.

• You’ve changed career paths multiple times.

• You’re looking to change your career track.

Frequently switching from one job to another can be glaringly obvious in a chronological resume, and it gives the impression of a lack of commitment, leaving a negative impression on hiring managers. On the other hand, if you plan on forging a new career track and leave your old one, a functionally written resume will be better for you as well.

Pros and cons of functional resume

The functionally formatted resume is especially helpful in hiding poor career choices, while ensuring that you appear as a highly qualified applicant based on your skills and expertise. That said, it also has its share of pros and cons, as you can see below.

• Allows for better matching of skills to match the job criteria

• De-emphasizes a spotty work history

• Can be difficult to follow

• Provides an incomplete picture of your employment

To ensure that your functionally written resume is as easy to read as a chronological one, you can have a trusted resume writing service like Resumeble write your resume for you. Not only that, a professionally written functional resume will attract the right attention and land you that elusive job interview, as services like Resumeble come with an interview guarantee.

Are there other resume formats I should know about?

A functional format resume is not the only alternative to a chronologically formatted resume. Other resume formats include a CV format and combination resume. Below are their definitions.

CV – short for curriculum vitae, is the application document submitted for jobs in academia, medicine, and scientific laboratories. Unlike traditional resumes that focus on experience and skills, CVs focus on credentials, providing potential employers with a comprehensive list of the applicant’s education, certification, academic experience, and affiliations.

Combination resume – combines a chronologically and functionally written resume, with the skills and qualifications listed first, followed by employment history. This format works best for job seekers who want to emphasize their skills, but have been required to include their work history in their resume by a potential employer. Likewise, this type of resume is also recommended for those who have employment gaps or worked unrelated jobs in the past. A combination resume is also known as a chrono-functional resume.

Choosing the right resume format

Choosing the perfect resume format for your application requires some serious evaluation and preparation on your part. And it all begins with identifying your application goals before you begin the resume writing process. With your goals in mind, use the tips and suggestions in this article to help you decide on the right resume format to use. Check out Resumeble’s sample resumes for ideas and inspiration.

Having trouble choosing the right resume format?

Should you write a chronological vs functional resume? It certainly helps to have a bona fide expert guiding you through the resume writing process. By choosing Resumeble , you will have a professional resume writer working with you one-on-one to build your resume and develop it into an application that showcases your qualifications in the best way possible. Get in touch with us today or send in your resume for a free, no-obligation evaluation.

• 7 seconds: this is how long your resume has either to impress or be ignored by the recruiter 
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• 3%: number of sent resumes that result in interviews 

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Chronological vs. Functional Resume: Which Is Right for You (Guest Post)

Finding a great job starts with building a great resume . Depending on your work experience, there are two distinct types of resumes chronological & functional, you must choose between before moving forward with your job search. The chronological resume is considered industry standard, but when used properly, the functional resume can also be a powerful option.

Chronological Resume

What is a chronological resume.

By and large, chronological resumes are considered the norm in the application process. Starting with your current or most recent position, these resumes function as a list of your work and education experience.

You should consider using this format if:

• You have a lot of experience in the industry you’re applying in. There is no better way to communicate your value to a potential employer than to show them a relevant history of success.
• You have progressed into positions of leadership. Businesses love interviewing candidates who have leadership experience. This is especially true if your work history indicates that you started in a lower position, and earned promotions through hard work and dedication to your field.
• You have no major gaps in employment. A history of consistent work shows potential employers that you take your professional life seriously. Having no gaps in your work history shows employers that you make careful decisions, and that you are serious about applying to their company specifically.

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Chronological resumes have some decided strengths, but they can backfire if used in the wrong situation . This format makes it difficult to draw attention away from the details employers might not like to see. If any of the three points above are not part of your strengths, using this format risks putting a spotlight on your weaknesses.

Click here to download chronological resume format in Microsoft Word for free.

Functional Resume

What is a functional resume.

This type of resume is one that prioritizes your skills over your experience. You have much more room on a functional resume to create stories about how you developed your skills. Though there are some people who argue functional resumes are never the best choice , they do have some distinct strengths.

• You are moving into a different career. If this is the case, you will not have any relevant work experience to impress a potential employer. Instead, you will emphasize your skills through personal projects and achievements. Functional resumes are great for creative career fields that prioritize impressive portfolios.
• You don’t have any Without any work history, you simply wouldn’t be able to create a chronological resume. This is a great opportunity to show potential employers the skills that you can bring to the table. In this situation, it is important to use language that shows your enthusiasm to learn and gain experience. Employers sometimes favor the most eager candidates over the most experienced. In general, functional resumes will perform best among these employers.
• You have significant gaps in your employment history. In some ways, a functional resume is part resume and part cover letter. You have much more space to communicate the narrative that surrounds your situation as a candidate. This format allows more space to describe any gaps in your work history. Alternatively, you can emphasize your strengths and pull attention away from the employment gaps entirely.

The functional resume is a legitimate contender if you don’t have the experience for a chronological resume. Keep in mind, however, that some employers are concerned only with a candidate’s experience. Additionally, some employers just don’t like the format .

Click here to download functional resume format in Microsoft Word for free.

Which format should you use.

If compared side by side, a top quality chronological resume will almost always beat an equivalent functional resume. If you have the experience, use a chronological resume. But if you’re passionate about starting a career in a field in which you have no experience, a functional resume can be a great option to emphasize your enthusiasm.

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About Helen Cartwright

Helen Cartwright is a passionate blogger, who excels in the Digital Marketing and Technology niche. When not wired in marketing strategies she ghost-writer for a variety of authors who have their work published on leading online media channels such as The Huffington Post and Entrepreneur.com

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This entry was posted in Guest Posts , Resume Tips .

True functional resumes have one major drawback that almost always works against those who use them. Because the skills mentioned are usually separated out from the jobs in which those skills were developed, hiring managers tend to suspect that the candidate is using this format to hide something (since many people have used this format to minimize gaps in their work history). One can gain all the advantages of a functional resume without this disadvantage by using the “Hybrid” resume in which a candidate will list a number of key achievements demonstrating key skills in a “Career Highlights” section immediately after the opening summary.

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• Writing Tips

Types of Resume: Chronological, Functional and Combination

3-minute read

• 16th March 2020

When writing a resume or CV , you need to pick a format. And the most common types are chronological, functional, and combination resumes:

• Chronological resumes and CVs , where you set out your work experience in reverse chronological order (i.e., starting with your most recent job).
• Functional resumes and CVs , which foreground your skills and expertise.
• Combination resumes and CVs , which combine elements of both formats.

The key is deciding which will work best for you! Let’s look at your options.

What Is a Chronological Resume or CV?

A chronological resume or CV is one in which you list your work experience in reverse chronological order, starting with the most recent role and working backwards. This type of resume would usually include the following:

• Your name and contact details.
• A short personal statement or profile .
• A breakdown of your career so far, including dates of employment, responsibilities, and achievements for each role.
• Your educational achievements and other qualifications.
• Interests, skills, and any other relevant information.

Alternatively, if you are a student or a recent graduate without a long employment history, you can put your educational experience first, followed by any relevant experience from work, volunteering, or other activities.

A chronological resume is great for showing off your career progress. It is thus ideal if you have a consistent career history in one area, especially if you’re applying for a new role in the same industry as you currently work in.

What Is a Functional Resume or CV?

A functional resume or CV – otherwise known as a skills-based resume – places most emphasis on your skills and expertise. This type of resume would typically include the following information:

• Your name and contact details .
• A short personal statement or profile.
• A list of key skills in decreasing order of importance for the role. Make sure to include examples of how you’ve used these skills in your career.
• Your previous roles and employers, but without going into details of duties.
• Interests, hobbies, and any other relevant information.

This resume format is excellent if you want to focus on transferable skills. This might be because you have a gap in your career history or because you’re applying for a role in a new industry where you do not have much experience.

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The Combination Resume (i.e., A Little Bit of Both)

Finally, if neither of the above seem right, you could try combining both!

A combination resume or CV is one that uses elements of both chronological and functional formats. This usually means having a list of skills or core competencies, followed by a detailed career breakdown.

Alternatively, you can provide a reverse chronological list of roles plus an expanded list of the skills involved. The best approach to use depends on what you want to emphasize most in your resume.

A combination resume is ideal if you want to show off your career progress while also providing an in-depth list of your skills, qualifications, and achievements. But these resumes can become very long, so try to be concise .

Resume and CV Proofreading

Whichever format you choose, don’t forget to have your resumes and CVs proofread ! This will make sure your writing is error free, giving you a better chance of impressing prospective employers.

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Functional VS. Chronological Resume

Resumes come in various formats, and the job you're applying for will dictate which resume format you use. In fact, the wrong format could mean an instant ‘pass’ from a hiring manager because it doesn’t communicate your experience in a way that’s right for the job posting. 

As you grow your career and accumulate experience and skills, your resume will become more advanced. With more experience to sift through, veteran job seekers need to be intentional with how they present their resume. 

When drafting your resume, there are a few formats to consider: a functional resume, chronological resume and combination resume. In this article, we will primarily focus on a functional resume vs a chronological resume and when to use the two. 

Read on to learn how to utilize both resumes in your job search. 

What is a chronological resume?

You’re probably familiar with the chronological resume (also called reverse-chronological resume ) format. A chronological resume lists your most recent job first, followed by the rest of your past jobs, going in reverse chronological order. It’s the resume format that young professionals are introduced to and most used among job seekers. 

If you have a strong work history, multiple promotions to highlight or have worked for a high-profile company (or multiple high-profile companies), the chronological resume format is best for what you want to display to a hiring manager. They get a clear picture of your career and your professional drive. 

The chronological resume is the most popular resume format, however, popular doesn’t always mean the best, as there are both pros and cons to writing a chronological resume.   

Chronological resume pros

There are many reasons why people choose a chronological resume as their standard resume template. The biggest reason is that it is compatible with applicant-tracking systems (ATS), which filter through candidates that best match the job. 

Here are some other reasons to use a chronological resume:

• This format shows your work history clearly and quickly.
• Hiring managers see work promotions right away. 
• Preferred format for applicant tracking systems. 

Chronological resume cons

If you have desirable skills or gaps in your job history, a chronological resume may bury those skills and make your work gaps more noticeable. You want your resume to show all the positive traits you bring to a role and minimize any potential negatives. 

Here are some other reasons to pass on a chronological resume:

• A chronological resume prioritizes the when and where over your skills. 
• Any gaps in your work history are obvious to the hiring manager.
• If you are changing industries, this format does not show how your skills transfer.

What is a functional resume?

A functional resume focuses on skills and experience only. Where and when you did the work is not important for this resume format. Instead, a functional resume’s goal is to show hiring managers you have the skills and experience to execute the job. 

Instead of centering your job history, think about what you’ve done over the course of your career. Highlight the skills, certifications and accomplishments that show you are the best candidate for the job, as opposed to companies, job titles and time spent in a particular role.

A functional resume is the best choice for candidates that are switching industries, work across industries and/or have skills and accomplishments that align with the job position. For example, contract workers that rely on specialized skills to complete a job will most likely utilize this resume format. A functional resume puts a spotlight on these unique traits, which helps hiring managers envision how you will handle the potential opportunity. 

Functional resume pros

If your career is skills-heavy, a functional resume highlights those skills and focuses on your career experience and accomplishments. A functional resume also minimizes obvious career gaps, instead prioritizing what you know over when and where. 

Here are some other reasons to use a functional resume:

• A functional resume highlights only your skills and experience, making it easier to transition into industries. 
• This format helps hide large gaps in your work history. 
• You get to show what you can do, instead of what you did and where you did it.

Functional resume cons 

If your career isn’t skills and accomplishment driven, a functional resume may not be the right fit. This resume format is only recommended for candidates that have impressive skill sets or are transitioning into a new industry and want to highlight transferable skills. 

Here are some other reasons to pass on a functional resume:

• Recruiters are sometimes suspicious of functional resumes because they easily hide work gaps. (Make sure your skills are stronger than your gaps.)
• Promotions are difficult to see on a functional resume. 
• A functional resume is more personalized, which means you will need to adjust it for each job application. 

In more cases than not, you will utilize the chronological resume format. But if you have impressive skills and data to back up those skills, a functional resume is your best bet. 

How to decide which resume to use 

If you have a strong promotion history or recent experience with high-profile companies, a chronological resume will best highlight those career features. In a chronological resume, your job titles and company history stand out the most. Additionally, chronological resumes are preferred by recruiters and hiring managers, and can help you get past an ATS. 

For highly specialized workers, however, chronological resumes gloss over the most important information: What you can do. If a job requires a certain skill set or certification, your resume should put those front and center. 

If you have an impressive and sought-after skill set, a functional resume could be more your style. Hiring managers are always looking for the best person to execute the work, however, not everyone is equipped with the knowledge that skilled workers have to complete certain tasks. Remember, dates and companies are not the most important details. They take a backseat to the skills, experience and knowledge you carry. 

Need a visual? Check out our collection of example resumes to get a better feel for different resume formats and styles to see figure out the best presentation for you.

Combination format

If you’ve gone back and forth and can’t decide between a functional resume and a chronological resume, consider using the combination format, which is the best of both worlds. Like the functional resume, it puts your skills and qualifications first, and lists them separate from your job history. And, similar to both formats, only include your most relevant skills and job experience. Create a combination resume by splitting your resume in two. The top half is devoted to your skills, accomplishments and certifications, while the bottom half lays out your work history. 

There’s an easier way to build your resume 

Starting a resume from scratch is a daunting task. Who hasn’t sat staring at a blank screen for minutes on end? Luckily, you don’t have to go it alone anymore. Teal's AI Resume Builder makes it easy to create multiple resume templates, including function, chronological and combination resumes. 

The free tool is installed as a Chrome extension and stores all your key work details in one place. No more going back to previous resumes, all you have to do is drop the information in and build your resume based on your dream opportunity.

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Should you use a chronological or functional resume?

Learn why chronological resumes are better for some job seekers, while a functional resume format could be a better choice for others..

Too many people make the mistake of thinking that a resume's purpose is to get them a job. Actually, resumes open and close doors. Their main purpose is to make an employer interested enough to invite you in for an interview. As such, knowing which resume format will work best in your favor is key to your success. Just as people come in different sizes and shapes, so do resumes.

Chronological resumes

The chronological resume seems to be the most popular resume format used. This type of resume usually contains an objective and/or career summary statement and a chronological listing (from most recent to past) of all your employers along with related accomplishments. Educational information is included along with certifications and special skills.

This type of resume format may be fine for someone who is experienced, but if you are switching careers or are just entering the workforce, this type of resume will most likely help you wind up in the "no" pile. So how do you showcase your talents if you can't lay them out like everyone else?

Functional resumes

Take the time to develop a strong functional resume. Functional resumes highlight your abilities, such as hiring, managing or coaching, rather than your chronological work history. You'll still need to summarize your work history, but this is usually done at the bottom of your resume. Don't panic. By the time the reader has gotten to that point, he is usually sold on bringing you in for an interview.

Most books on resume writing contain sections on how to write functional or skills-based resumes. Go to your local bookstore or library and thumb through some books. Then make your selection.

One of my favorite books on this topic is an oldie but goodie. It's old enough to be out of print, but you can still find copies online or at libraries. The book is titled Go Hire Yourself an Employer by Richard Irish. It just goes to show that solid advice is just that—solid.

Who should use a functional resume?

A functional resume format is particularly useful for people who:

• Have gaps in their work history .
• Are reentering the workforce .
• Have frequently changed jobs .
• Are looking to transition into new careers .
• Don't exactly fit the mold of what recruiters are looking for in the positions they want.

The reason functional resumes work well in these situations is that many of us have acquired skills while working that are very transferable . For example, if you have worked as a retail manager, chances are you were responsible for hiring, training, coaching, evaluating and handling employee relations issues.

If you were to submit this information in a chronological resume, there's a good chance a hiring manager (or computer) might skip right by you, because you did not hold the title of human resources manager, even if 50 percent of your day was spent dealing with HR-related issues.

It all comes down to how you package yourself. You can give employers the same information, only in a new and improved package. This is bound to get you more interviews, which will increase your chances of landing the job you want.

Get free writing help

We get it; it can be tricky to know which resume format to go with. Looking to increase your chances of scoring interviews and landing a job? Get a free resume evaluation today from the experts at Monster's Resume Writing Service . You'll get detailed feedback in two business days, including a review of your resume's appearance and content, and a prediction of a recruiter's first impression. Whether you choose functional or chronological, your resume should be a strong indicator of your awesomeness.

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Choosing the Right Resume Template: Chronological vs. Functional

An elevator pitch is a concise and compelling summary of who you are, what you do, and what you're looking for professionally. It is called an "elevator pitch" because it should be brief enough to deliver during the time it takes for an elevator ride, typically around 30 seconds to two minutes.

Having an elevator pitch is beneficial for job seekers for several reasons:

First Impressions: In networking events, job fairs, or even casual encounters, you often have only a brief moment to make a strong first impression. An elevator pitch allows you to introduce yourself confidently and leave a positive and memorable impression on the listener.

Networking Opportunities: When networking, whether at formal events or informal gatherings, being able to quickly and clearly communicate who you are and what you're seeking can open doors to potential job opportunities, collaborations, or professional connections.

Job Interviews: An elevator pitch is a valuable tool during job interviews. When interviewers ask, "Tell me about yourself," having a well-prepared pitch allows you to provide a structured and relevant overview of your background, skills, and goals.

Clarity and Focus: Crafting an elevator pitch requires you to distill your professional identity into key points. This process helps you clarify your career goals, strengths, and what makes you unique as a candidate. It also ensures that you stay focused and on-message during conversations about your professional life.

Adaptable to Various Situations: Whether you're at a career fair, a social event, or a formal interview, an elevator pitch can be adapted to suit the context. This flexibility allows you to confidently introduce yourself in different professional settings.

Differentiation: Job seekers often encounter competition, and having a compelling elevator pitch helps you stand out. By emphasizing your unique skills, experiences, and what sets you apart, you increase your chances of being remembered by recruiters or potential employers.

Time-Efficient Communication: In situations where time is limited, such as during networking events, recruiters and professionals appreciate concise and impactful communication. An elevator pitch enables you to communicate essential information quickly and effectively.

Self-Confidence: Crafting and practicing your elevator pitch can boost your self-confidence. Knowing how to articulate your professional story with clarity and conviction makes you feel more prepared and self-assured in various professional interactions.

Overall, an elevator pitch is a valuable tool for job seekers to create a positive and memorable impression, communicate effectively in various professional situations, and differentiate themselves in a competitive job market.

When it comes to crafting your resume, selecting the right template is crucial. Your resume serves as your first impression on potential employers, and it's essential to present your qualifications effectively. Two primary types of resume templates exist: chronological and functional. Each has its own strengths and ideal use cases, depending on your career journey and goals.

Chronological Resume Template:

The chronological resume template is the most traditional format. It emphasizes your work history in reverse chronological order, starting with your most recent position and working backward. This type of resume is best suited for individuals with a stable work history and a clear career progression.

When to Use a Chronological Resume:

Clear Career Path: If you have a consistent work history with progressively responsible roles within the same industry or field, a chronological resume is ideal. It showcases your career trajectory and highlights your advancement.

Traditional Industries: Industries such as finance, law, or academia often prefer chronological resumes. Employers in these fields value a structured presentation of your work experience.

Highlighting Growth: If you want to emphasize your career growth and accomplishments over time, a chronological resume effectively showcases your achievements in a logical order.

Functional Resume Template:

The functional resume template focuses on your skills and qualifications rather than your chronological work history. It allows you to highlight specific abilities, achievements, and experiences relevant to the job you're applying for, regardless of when they occurred.

When to Use a Functional Resume:

Career Gaps or Changes: If you have significant gaps in your work history or are transitioning to a new industry, a functional resume can de-emphasize chronological timelines and emphasize your transferable skills.

Highlighting Skills Over Experience: For recent graduates or individuals with limited work experience, a functional resume allows you to showcase your skills, internships, volunteer work, and educational achievements prominently.

Customizing for Specific Roles: When applying for roles that require specific skill sets, a functional resume enables you to tailor your qualifications directly to the job requirements, making you a more compelling candidate.

Choosing between a chronological and functional resume template depends on your unique circumstances and career objectives. If you have a consistent work history and want to highlight your career progression, a chronological resume is likely the best choice. However, if you're navigating career changes, have gaps in your work history, or want to emphasize your skills over experience, a functional resume offers a more tailored approach. Ultimately, selecting the right template enhances your chances of standing out to potential employers and landing your desired job.

Download an Employment Connection resume template:

Example Resume

Chronological Resume Template

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Chronological vs Functional Resume: What Are the Differences?

Did you know that a significant number of hiring managers spend only a minute or so on each resume they see? That’s why it’s so important to hit the nail on the head when it comes to structuring your resume. 

If things aren’t in tip-top shape, you might fall away in a stack of unread resumes. We’re going to look at one characteristic your resume-crafting session should focus on today, giving you some insight into the difference between a chronological vs functional resume. 

We hope the ideas below will give you some confidence for your next resume. Let’s get started. 

Chronological vs Functional Resume Tips

Let’s start with the chronological resume. 

This is a way of structuring your resume that cites your most recent work experience first, followed by the previous experiences in chronological order. All of your relevant jobs and accomplishments should be cited in reverse from the perspective of the reader. 

Chronological resumes are very common, and many jobs you apply for call for them. It’s still important to know when the best time to use a chronological resume is, though. Some situations aren’t great for this type of document. 

When to Use a Chronological Re s ume

Chronological resumes are used when your work experiences generally fit the requirements of the job at hand. For example, if you’re making a lateral move in your field, you would want to use a chronological resume. 

This shows employers that you’re equipped with the right job experience and lets them know how fresh your experience is. You might also use this type of resume when you have only a few work experiences to cite.

Take a look at this free resume builder and try to create your own chronological resume.  

What is a Functional Resume?

A functional resume is one that pieces things together to highlight your work history in ways that fit the position. You might create a functional resume to zone in on a particular skill or set of experiences that you have. 

Things don’t need to be in order. Instead, you might craft things in order of importance or according to what looks the best on the page. 

When to Use One?

Use a functional resume when your work experiences aren’t directly tied to the job you’re applying for. Use your experiences craftily to show that you have the skills needed for the job even though you haven’t had similar job titles. 

You might also use this type of resume if you’ve been out of work for a while. You want to focus on your skillset rather than a gap in your employment history, so the functional resume highlights things in random order. 

That way, any gaps in employment history can come up in the interview rather than dissuade hiring managers via your resume. 

Need More Help in Your Job Search?

We hope the information below was useful to you as you create your resume. There’s more to learn if you want to increase your chances, though. We’re here to help. 

Explore our site for more ideas on crafting great chronological vs functional resume samples, finding jobs, back to school tips, and more. 

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Resume Format Guide: Reverse Chronological vs Functional vs Hybrid Resumes

• Post author: Rahul Banerjee
• Post published: June 27, 2020
• Post category: Resume and CV Writing

The format that you use for your resume is just as important as what you include in it. Candidates have a hard time picking between 3 common resume formats: reverse chronological vs. functional vs. hybrid resumes. Each of them has its pros and cons, but is there one that is the best overall? Which resume format should you choose?

Not to worry, as this resume format guide will help resolve your dilemma. By talking in-depth about the different styles of resumes, their advantages and disadvantages, and the various details to include in each type of resume, we will help you answer the question of which resume format to choose. Usually, reverse chronological CVs are preferred by employers but the proper resume format varies based on the employment history of the applicant. Keep reading to find out which style you should use!

• Reverse Cronological Resumes

Functional Resumes

Combinational / hybrid resumes, reverse chronological resumes.

This is the most common resume format. To create a reverse chronological resume, you must list your employment history in the reverse chronological order- starting with your most recent job, then listing all the ones before that.

To create your reverse chronological resume, you can either create one from scratch or you can get it done by resume experts . If you’re creating one from scratch, make sure to follow this outline:

• Contact information
• Resume summary
• Work experience
• Additional sections (such as licenses and certifications)

For each job that you list, provide the following details:

• Name of the company you worked for
• The period you worked there
• Location of the company
• Responsibilities that you had
• Achievements

The main advantage of using this template is that it clearly shows your career trajectory and emphasizes the growth in your career.

• Candidates seeking for a job similar to the last job role.
• Candidates seeking for a job in academic fields.

This resume format is even preferred by recruiters. This is because a majority of employers (up to 92% of them) said that experience is the main factor they consider when deciding whether or not to hire someone.

Some of them even use software that only looks at job titles, known as  Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) . This is why highlighting your work experience is of the utmost importance when you’re applying for a job: you must get past the software to an actual person who will evaluate your application. By using the chronological format, you increase your chances of getting past this stage as it is easier to scan by the software.

Despite all these advantages, this format is not suitable for everyone. It doesn’t work very well if you have little to no job experience, which is the case for recent graduates. If you just graduated from college, you likely don’t have any work experience related to the post you are applying for, so there’s no point in using the reverse-chronological format.

This format also emphasizes the dates of your employment, making any gaps in your work history very clear to the person reading your application. This is not necessarily a bad thing but it would put you at a disadvantage compared to someone who has a consistent and steady job experience.

If you’re a fresher or someone who is re-entering the job market, the next type of resume format might appeal to you.

The next type of resume format we’ll be talking about is the functional resume. This is a relatively modern format, different from the more traditional reverse-chronological resume. This style highlights your hard and soft skills, projects completed, and general work experience rather than the job history related to the field you want a job in.

You can use the following format for creating a functional resume:

• Summary/resume objective
• Breakdown of skills and experience under each skill you can either list the names of specific companies that you’ve worked for or projects or assignments you’ve completed; this is especially useful if your experience has mainly consisted of freelancing
• Educational experience
• Additional information (such as other credentials)

The functional format is especially useful if you have significant gaps in your employment. If you’ve been out of work for a long period, highlighting your chronological work history would make employees wonder if you still have what it takes to succeed in the job. But by using a functional resume, you can show them that you’ve acquired some important skills during this period, even if you’ve been out of employment.

• Candidates who are trying for creative jobs.
• Candidates who constantly change jobs.

It’s also useful if you’re changing careers. Usually, those who are only entering a field are at a disadvantage compared to those who have more experience in it, but you can compensate for this disadvantage by showing that you also have skills that would allow you to excel in the position you’re applying for even if you’ve never been in it before.

It’s also useful if you’re constantly changing jobs. If that’s the case and you’re using a chronological resume, the fact that you haven’t worked at a company for very long may put your potential employer off. However, by using a functional resume, you can divert the attention of the person reading your application from the dates and periods of employment to your skills and abilities.

On a similar note, if your job experience isn’t directly related to the position you’re applying for, but you have relevant skills, the functional format is the way to go.

This is also known as a combination resume. As the name suggests, it is a combination of a chronological and functional resume. So, how does it work?

This is a sample format that you can follow to create a hybrid-style resume:

• Candidates who have employment gaps.
• Candidates who are trying to change their career.

This is the proper resume format for many kinds of applicants. For example, if you never had any gaps in your employment and have consistently been at work, but your experience isn’t directly related to the post you’re applying for, you can use the hybrid format. It emphasizes the skills you’ve gained and the projects you’ve completed to impress employers, and at the same time allows you to show that you’ve always been employed, which is another plus point.

Usually, it’s a good idea to use the hybrid resume rather than the functional resume. But if you are a candidate who has a lot of experience in the field, it’s best to stick to the reverse-chronological format.

However, this resume format usually carries the same risks as the functional resume format. Employers may get the impression that you are using the hybrid format to hide gaps in your work history or a lack of experience in the field. You must be aware of these risks and conduct some company-specific research before you choose this format. Know how to manage career gaps in resumes effectively.

We hope you’ve found an answer to the question of which resume format to use by reading this resume format guide. Considering the work experience in the position you’re applying for, will help you decide what details about yourself you want to emphasize: the upward trend in your career, or the skills that you’ve gained in various jobs or both.

As we’ve mentioned, it’s best to stick to the reverse-chronological format when applying for a job in most companies as it is the most popular one and the one that recruiters trust the most. Much of the screening software that employers use is designed to scan and evaluate the job titles that candidates have held and the companies they’ve worked for. The reverse-chronological format readily gives this information to the software, increasing your chances of getting past the screening stage.

But if you’ve had an unconventional career experience, the functional or hybrid styles may be the proper resume formats for you. Check the difference between text resume, visual resume and infographic resume to know which one you should use.

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Chronological Resumes vs. Functional Resumes: Which Type is Right for You?

By Vivian Fridas, Former CSP Mentor

When applying for a job, one of the most important components of your application is the resume. A resume is a concise, polished document which gives employers a quick overview of your educational and professional life to date. This short document can give employers the information they need in order to decide whether to interview you for a specific position. Sometimes employers receive hundreds of resumes for one position, so they may not spend much time with your paperwork. Whether you are competing against one person or a hundred, it’s important that your achievements stand out to employers in a professional way, and a well-structured resume can help them to do so.

Chronological Resumes

A chronological resume is the traditional resume format which job seekers still use today. This resume format is very easy for employers to read quickly. This resume is organized by job titles, listed in reverse chronological order with your most recent experience displayed first. If you use this format, present your employment experience under headings by job title, company, location, and dates of employment. This will allow a potential employer to understand the work you performed at each position you held. In addition, you can include education information along with any certifications or special skills you may hold. 

Who should use this Format?

Chronological resumes are best for individuals with experience in their field of interest. Many recent college graduates do not have much professional experience in the specific fields in which they hope to work, but if you were lucky enough to have internships, temporary jobs or volunteer experience in your field, a chronological resume will work well for you.

Functional Resumes

Instead of utilizing a chronological work history, a functional resume is organized into sections which highlight areas of skills and abilities acquired along with past accomplishments. You will still need to provide a brief summary of your employment history, but you can include it at the end of your resume as a footnote to your skills and accomplishments. Typically, a functional resume opens with a summary or profile detailing your work history, education, and strengths in 1-3 sentences. The bulk of the resume should consist of headings which demonstrate your most impressive functional skills. Under each applicable heading you may wish to include responsibilities, accomplishments, and quantifiable achievements. Remember, though, that employers will generally prefer that this type of work history remain concise, 1-2 pages at most. Ideally, a functional resume will demonstrate how you match the requirements of the particular job for which you are applying.

When using a functional resume, keep in mind that some employers are not accustomed to this resume format, which can make it confusing for them to follow.

Who should use this format?

A functional resume is best for individuals who:

Have gaps in their work history that they would like to minimize;

Are entering the work force after an extended absence;

Have work experiences in a variety of unrelated or loosely related professional fields;

Have frequently changed jobs;

Are looking to transition into a new career;

Need to emphasize transferable skills.

No matter which format you choose, always ask someone else to check over your resume to make sure the formatting is consistent and professional. If you don’t have a friend or family member you would trust with this responsibility, colleges and universities usually have career development centers on campus. Setting up an appointment with a career counselor or attending a resume-writing workshop can provide valuable information on resume writing.

Remember that each type of resume has its advantages and drawbacks. In the end, it comes down to the position for which you are applying and the way you feel you can best present yourself and your experience. A carefully crafted resume will make an employer feel eager to get to know you more deeply through the next phase of the job-seeking process, the job interview.

Like this article? Check out these others:

Six Tips That Will Propel Your Cover Letter to the Next Level

Preparing for a Job Interview

Envision’s College Success Program (CSP), a part of the William L. Hudson BVI Workforce Innovation Center , is committed to serving college and transitioning high school students who are blind or low vision. The CSP is a virtual program that provides a holistic support system and engages students through online resources, events, mentorship, and more, all at no cost to them. Contact the CSP at [email protected] .

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One-Page Resume Guide: Templates & Examples

Our customers have been hired at: * Foot Note

The question of whether a resume should be limited to a single page has long been a topic of debate among job seekers and career experts.

In this guide, we’ll delve into key considerations for deciding between a one or two-page resume and provide expertly crafted one-page resume examples to help you craft your job-winning resume.

There is no set rule that a resume must be one page. While a one-page resume is often preferred for entry-level or junior positions, it’s acceptable to have a two-page resume if you have extensive relevant experience or accomplishments.

Does a resume have to be one page?

While a one-page resume is often recommended, it is not a strict requirement. The length of your resume should be determined by the content’s relevance and impact rather than trying to fit it into a specific page count. 

If you have extensive work experience, quantifiable accomplishments and additional qualifications worth showcasing, extending your resume to two pages may be appropriate. 

It’s important to consider the specific requirements and preferences of the company or industry you are applying to and to prioritize the most important information on the first page to capture the attention of hiring managers.

Benefits of one-page resumes

While your resume does not have to be one page, there are certainly benefits to writing a resume that fits on a single page. We’ve detailed the advantages of one-page resumes below:

• Time constraints: Hiring managers often have limited time to review each application. A one-page resume allows them to quickly scan and evaluate your skills and work history without getting overwhelmed by excessive information.
• Clarity and focus: A one-page resume encourages you to be clear and focused in presenting your qualifications, ensuring that the most important details stand out.
• ATS compatibility: Many companies use applicant tracking systems (ATS) to scan and filter resumes. One-page resumes tend to be ATS-friendly, as they are less likely to encounter issues with formatting and compatibility.
• Visual impact: With limited space, you can pay more attention to the design and visual appeal of your one-page resume, making it visually engaging and memorable.

Use our free ATS resume checker to scan your resume for 30+ common errors and receive instant feedback on improving your resume score.

Should your resume be one page or two pages?

The decision of whether your resume should be one page or two pages depends on several factors, including your level of experience, the industry you’re applying to and the specific job requirements. 

We’ve detailed a few key considerations to keep in mind when deciding between a one-page or two-page resume. 

Level of experience

If you have less than 10 years of professional experience or are a recent graduate, keeping your resume to one page is generally recommended. 

Hiring managers typically spend only a few seconds reviewing each resume, and a concise, one-page document makes it easier for them to quickly assess your professional skills and qualifications.

If you have over 10 years of experience or have held multiple positions, you may need a two-page resume to adequately showcase your relevant skills and accomplishments. 

In this case, it’s crucial to ensure that the second page adds value and contains information that is directly relevant to the job you are applying for. Avoid including unnecessary details or padding your resume to fill up space.

Industry norms

Some industries, such as academia or research, may expect longer resumes as they often require more detailed information, such as publications, presentations or research projects. 

Conversely, industries like design or marketing may prioritize a shorter, visually appealing one-page resume. 

Research industry norms and consider what is expected in your field when deciding on the length of your resume. 

Job requirements

Carefully review the job description and requirements to determine the most relevant information for the position. 

Tailor your resume accordingly, focusing on the skills and experiences that align directly with the job. A personalized resume is much more likely to grab the hiring manager’s attention.

If you find that including this information exceeds one page, extending your resume to two pages may be necessary. Remember to use keywords from the job description in your resume.

How to fit a resume on one page

There are a number of formatting and content tricks that you can use if you would prefer to condense your resume down to one page. 

We also recommend exploring our one-page professional resume templates to take the guesswork out of designing your resume. 

Below are tips from our Certified Professional Resume Writers on how to make your resume one page.

• Use a clear and concise resume summary or objective statement at the top of the page to introduce yourself and highlight your most relevant skills and experience.
• Prioritize your most recent and relevant work experience, and focus on describing your accomplishments and the impact you made in each role rather than simply listing your duties.
• Use bullet points, concise language and strong action verbs to keep descriptions brief and to the point. Avoid lengthy paragraphs or redundant information.
• Consider removing older or less significant positions, coursework or certifications that may be taking up valuable space.
• Adjust the font size to help fit everything onto one page. Use a legible resume font that is easy to read, and reduce the size to as low as 10 points to help fit everything on the page.
• Consider reducing the margins or adjusting line spacing to maximize space. However, do not reduce margins to less than half an inch.
• Be strategic with page breaks to ensure the most important information is on the first page. For example, you may want to move your education section to the bottom of the page.

One-page resume builder

Our Resume Builder makes it easy to create a one-page resume in a matter of minutes. Select a professionally designed template and follow the step-by-step prompts to enter your professional skills and background. 

You’ll get expert tips and ready-made content suggestions from Certified Professional Resume Writers for each section of your resume. 

You can preview your resume to ensure that the content fits in a single page, and make adjustments to the template as needed such as changing the font size or type and adjusting the sections.

Make a resume with My Perfect Resume

Our Resume builder can help you write the perfect resume. Start Now!

What not to include on a one-page resume 

When creating a one-page resume, it’s important to prioritize the most relevant information and leave off any details that don’t directly contribute to your qualifications for the job. Here are some details to consider leaving off of your one-page resume:

• Irrelevant work experience: If you have had past work experience that is not directly related to the job you are applying for, consider leaving it off.
• Personal information: Information such as your age, marital status or religious affiliation is generally unnecessary and may even be considered discriminatory.
• References: It’s not necessary to include references on your resume . Instead, have a separate list of references ready upon request.
• Hobbies and interests: While it’s good to showcase your personality, hobbies and interests are generally not relevant to the job and can take up valuable space on a one-page resume.
• High school education: Unless you are a recent high school graduate or your high school education is directly relevant to the job, leave it off of your resume.
• Unrelated skills: Avoid listing hard skills or soft skills that are not directly relevant to the job you are applying for.

What is the best one-page resume layout?

The best layout for a one-page resume is one that is clean, simple and easy to read. Here are a few tips to keep in mind while you format your resume:

• Use a legible font that is easy to read, such as Arial, Calibri or Times New Roman.
• Use bullet points to break up long paragraphs and make the content easier to skim.
• Use clear headings and subheadings to organize your content and make it easier to navigate.
• Include white space between sections to make the resume less cluttered and more visually appealing.
• Use bold or italicized text to emphasize important information, such as job titles or accomplishments.
• Use a consistent format throughout the resume, including font size, spacing and margins.
• Consider using a simple, professional design element, such as a light-colored header or border, to add visual interest without distracting from the content.

The layout of your resume will also depend on the resume format you use. Below is a breakdown of the three main resume formats.

One-page resume examples & templates

Explore the professionally crafted one-page resume examples and templates below in each of the three resume formats.

We also recommend browsing our library of 800+ resume examples to get inspired by real-world resumes for different jobs, industries and career levels.

One-page chronological resume

One-page combination resume, one-page functional resume, one-page resume writing tips.

• Prioritize quality over quantity: Focus on including the most relevant and impactful information rather than trying to fill up space. Quality content is more important than sheer length
• Be concise: Use clear and concise language to convey your qualifications and experiences. Avoid long paragraphs and unnecessary details.
• Format effectively: Organize your resume in a clean and easy-to-read manner. Use bullet points, headings and white space to make it visually appealing and skimmable.
• Tailor your resume: Customize your resume for each job application, highlighting the most relevant skills and experiences that align with the specific role.

Key takeaways

• A one-page resume can be highly effective in capturing the attention of hiring managers, as it forces you to prioritize and condense your most relevant and impactful information.
• It’s important to consider the specific requirements and preferences of the company or industry you are applying to when deciding between a one-page and two-page resume.
• Using concise language, adjusting the font size, and editing carefully are key strategies when creating a clear and professional one-page resume.
• The length of your resume should be determined by the content’s relevance and impact rather than trying to fit it into a specific page count.

Do employers prefer one-page resumes?

Employers’ preferences for resume length and what your resume should look like can vary depending on the industry, position and the seniority level of the role. 

For entry-level or early-career positions, many prefer one-page resumes since they are concise and easy to read. See our guide on how to make a resume with no experience for additional considerations.                       

However, for more senior-level positions or roles that require extensive experience or a diverse skill set, a longer two-page or three-page resume may be more appropriate to fully showcase a candidate’s professional history.

Is it okay to have a two-page resume?

Absolutely! It is okay to have a two-page resume, especially if you have extensive work experience, education or relevant skills to showcase. 

However, remember that hiring managers may not have the time to read through a lengthy document, so it is important to be strategic in structuring and formatting your resume. 

Focus on your most recent and relevant experience, and try to keep your older work history to a minimum. See what to put on a resume for additional guidance on what to include.

Is a one-page resume outdated?

No, a one-page resume is not outdated regarding U.S. resume best practices.

While there is some flexibility in resume length, particularly for more experienced professionals, a well-crafted one-page resume is highly effective in capturing the attention of hiring managers. 

A one-page resume forces you to prioritize and condense your most relevant and impactful information, making it easier for recruiters and hiring managers to quickly assess your qualifications.

Ultimately, the length of your resume should be determined by the content and relevance of your experience rather than a strict rule about page count.

Is a 1.5-page resume okay?

A one-and-a-half-page resume can create visual imbalance, especially if the second page contains only a small amount of information. This can make your resume appear disjointed and unprofessional.

If your resume is one-and-a-half pages, we recommend reducing it to a single page or adding relevant and high-quality content to fill two complete pages. 

Wondering how to shorten a resume to one page? Consider removing older or less significant positions, coursework or certifications and adjusting formatting, spacing or font size to help fit everything onto one page.

If you have extensive work experience, relevant accomplishments or additional qualifications worth showcasing, you may consider extending your resume to two full pages. 

Ensure that the information you include is truly valuable and relevant to the position you are applying for. Avoid stretching the content to fill the space just to reach two pages.

How we reviewed this article

Since 2013, we have helped more than 15 million job seekers. We want to make your career journey accessible and manageable through our services and Career Center’s how-to guides and tips. In our commitment to bring you a transparent process, we present our Editorial Process .

• Coursera. Blog. How Many Pages Should a Resume Be? Guide + Tips
• Virginia Tech. Career and Professional Development. Length of your resume or CV
• CNBC. Article. Malinsky, Gili. How long a resume should be, according to experts

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Elizabeth Muenzen, CPRW

Career advice expert.

Elizabeth is a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) and a member of the Professional Association of Résumé Writers & Careers Coaches. She is passionate about delivering information that empowers job seekers to achieve their professional goals.

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