types of research methodology mcq

Research Methodology Quiz | MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

In order to enhance your understanding of research methodology, we have made thought-provoking quiz featuring multiple-choice questions.

This quiz served as a tool to assess your knowledge and comprehension of various research techniques and methodologies. Each question presented unique scenarios, challenging you to analyze and select the most appropriate methodological approach.

The quiz aimed to sharpen your critical thinking skills and reinforce our grasp on essential concepts in the realm of research. By actively participating in this exercise, we deepened your appreciation for the significance of selecting the right research methods to achieve reliable and meaningful results.

Other articles

Please read through some of our other articles with examples and explanations if you’d like to learn more about research methodology.

• PLS-SEM model
• Principal Components Analysis
• Multivariate Analysis
• Friedman Test
• Chi-Square Test (Χ²)
• Effect Size

 Methodology

• Research Methodology Quiz MCQ
• Research Methods
• Quantitative Research
• Qualitative Research
• Case Study Research
• Survey Research
• Conclusive Research
• Descriptive Research
• Cross-Sectional Research
• Theoretical Framework
• Conceptual Framework
• Triangulation
• Grounded Theory
• Quasi-Experimental Design
• Mixed Method
• Correlational Research
• Randomized Controlled Trial
• Stratified Sampling
• Ethnography
• Ghost Authorship
• Secondary Data Collection
• Primary Data Collection
• Ex-Post-Facto
• Table of Contents
•   Dissertation Topic
• Thesis Statement
• Research Proposal
• Research Questions
• Research Problem
• Research Gap
• Types of Research Gaps
• Operationalization of Variables
• Literature Review
• Research Hypothesis
• Questionnaire
• Reliability
• Measurement of Scale
• Sampling Techniques
• Acknowledgements

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Research Methodology

• Introduction to Research Methodology
• Research Approaches
• Concepts of Theory and Empiricism
• Characteristics of scientific method
• Understanding the Language of Research
• 11 Steps in Research Process
• Research Design
• Different Research Designs
• Compare and Contrast the Main Types of Research Designs
• Cross-sectional research design
• Qualitative and Quantitative Research
• Descriptive Research VS Qualitative Research
• Experimental Research VS Quantitative Research
• Sampling Design
• Probability VS Non-Probability Sampling

40 MCQ on Research Methodology

• MCQ on research Process
• MCQ on Research Design
• 18 MCQ on Quantitative Research
• 30 MCQ on Qualitative Research
• 45 MCQ on Sampling Methods
• 20 MCQ on Principles And Planning For Research

Q1. Which of the following statement is correct? (A) Reliability ensures the validity (B) Validity ensures reliability (C) Reliability and validity are independent of each other (D) Reliability does not depend on objectivity

Answer:  (C)

Q2. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Objectives of research are stated in first chapter of the thesis (B) Researcher must possess analytical ability (C) Variability is the source of problem (D) All the above

Answer:  (D)

Q3. The first step of research is: (A) Selecting a problem (B) Searching a problem (C) Finding a problem (D) Identifying a problem

Q4. Research can be conducted by a person who: (A) holds a postgraduate degree (B) has studied research methodology (C) possesses thinking and reasoning ability (D) is a hard worker

Answer: (B)

Q5. Research can be classified as: (A) Basic, Applied and Action Research (B) Philosophical, Historical, Survey and Experimental Research (C) Quantitative and Qualitative Research (D) All the above

Q6. To test null hypothesis, a researcher uses: (A) t test (B) ANOVA (C)  X 2 (D) factorial analysis

Answer:  (B)

Q7. Bibliography given in a research report: (A) shows vast knowledge of the researcher (B) helps those interested in further research (C) has no relevance to research (D) all the above

Q8. A research problem is feasible only when: (A) it has utility and relevance (B) it is researchable (C) it is new and adds something to knowledge (D) all the above

Q9. The study in which the investigators attempt to trace an effect is known as: (A) Survey Research (B) Summative Research (C) Historical Research (D) ‘Ex-post Facto’ Research

Answer: (D)

Q10. Generalized conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Answer:  (A)

Q11. Fundamental research reflects the ability to: (A) Synthesize new ideals (B) Expound new principles (C) Evaluate the existing material concerning research (D) Study the existing literature regarding various topics

Q12. The main characteristic of scientific research is: (A) empirical (B) theoretical (C) experimental (D) all of the above

Q13. Authenticity of a research finding is its: (A) Originality (B) Validity (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above

Q14. Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite? (A) Area Sampling Technique (B) Purposive Sampling Technique (C) Systematic Sampling Technique (D) None of the above

Q15. Research problem is selected from the stand point of: (A) Researcher’s interest (B) Financial support (C) Social relevance (D) Availability of relevant literature

Q16. The research is always – (A) verifying the old knowledge (B) exploring new knowledge (C) filling the gap between knowledge (D) all of these

Q17. Research is (A) Searching again and again (B) Finding a solution to any problem (C) Working in a scientific way to search for the truth of any problem (D) None of the above

Q20. A common test in research demands much priority on (A) Reliability (B) Useability (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above

Q21. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process? (A) Searching sources of information to locate the problem. (B) Survey of related literature (C) Identification of the problem (D) Searching for solutions to the problem

Answer: (C)

Q22. Which correlation coefficient best explains the relationship between creativity and intelligence? (A) 1.00 (B) 0.6 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.3

Q23. Manipulation is always a part of (A) Historical research (B) Fundamental research (C) Descriptive research (D) Experimental research

Explanation: In experimental research, researchers deliberately manipulate one or more independent variables to observe their effects on dependent variables. The goal is to establish cause-and-effect relationships and test hypotheses. This type of research often involves control groups and random assignment to ensure the validity of the findings. Manipulation is an essential aspect of experimental research to assess the impact of specific variables and draw conclusions about their influence on the outcome.

Q24. The research which is exploring new facts through the study of the past is called (A) Philosophical research (B) Historical research (C) Mythological research (D) Content analysis

Q25. A null hypothesis is (A) when there is no difference between the variables (B) the same as research hypothesis (C) subjective in nature (D) when there is difference between the variables

Q26. We use Factorial Analysis: (A) To know the relationship between two variables (B) To test the Hypothesis (C) To know the difference between two variables (D) To know the difference among the many variables

Explanation: Factorial analysis, specifically factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), is used to investigate the effects of two or more independent variables on a dependent variable. It helps to determine whether there are significant differences or interactions among the independent variables and their combined effects on the dependent variable.

Q27. Which of the following is classified in the category of the developmental research? (A) Philosophical research (B) Action research (C) Descriptive research (D) All the above

Q28.  Action-research is: (A) An applied research (B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems (C) A longitudinal research (D) All the above

Explanation: Action research is an approach to research that encompasses all the options mentioned. It is an applied research method where researchers work collaboratively with practitioners or stakeholders to address immediate problems or issues in a real-world context. It is often conducted over a period of time, making it a longitudinal research approach. So, all the options (A) An applied research, (B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems, and (C) A longitudinal research are correct when describing action research.

Q29.  The basis on which assumptions are formulated: (A) Cultural background of the country (B) Universities (C) Specific characteristics of the castes (D) All of these

Q30. How can the objectivity of the research be enhanced? (A) Through its impartiality (B) Through its reliability (C) Through its validity (D) All of these

Q31.  A research problem is not feasible only when: (A) it is researchable (B) it is new and adds something to the knowledge (C) it consists of independent and dependent var i ables (D) it has utility and relevance

Explanation:  A research problem is considered feasible when it can be studied and investigated using appropriate research methods and resources. The presence of independent and dependent variables is not a factor that determines the feasibility of a research problem. Instead, it is an essential component of a well-defined research problem that helps in formulating research questions or hypotheses. Feasibility depends on whether the research problem can be addressed and answered within the constraints of available time, resources, and methods. Options (A), (B), and (D) are more relevant to the feasibility of a research problem.

Q32. The process not needed in experimental research is: (A) Observation (B) Manipulation and replication (C) Controlling (D) Reference collection

In experimental research, reference collection is not a part of the process.

Q33. When a research problem is related to heterogeneous population, the most suitable sampling method is: (A) Cluster Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Convenient Sampling (D) Lottery Method

Explanation: When a research problem involves a heterogeneous population, stratified sampling is the most suitable sampling method. Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics or variables. Each stratum represents a relatively homogeneous subset of the population. Then, a random sample is taken from each stratum in proportion to its size or importance in the population. This method ensures that the sample is representative of the diversity present in the population and allows for more precise estimates of population parameters for each subgroup.

Q34.  Generalised conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Explanation: Generalized conclusions based on a sample are achieved through statistical inference. It involves using sample data to make inferences or predictions about a larger population. Statistical inference helps researchers draw conclusions, estimate parameters, and test hypotheses about the population from which the sample was taken. It is a fundamental concept in statistics and plays a crucial role in various fields, including research, data analysis, and decision-making.

Q35. The experimental study is based on

(A) The manipulation of variables (B) Conceptual parameters (C) Replication of research (D) Survey of literature

Q36.  Which one is called non-probability sampling? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Quota sampling (C) Systematic sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Q37.  Formulation of hypothesis may NOT be required in: (A) Survey method (B) Historical studies (C) Experimental studies (D) Normative studies

Q38. Field-work-based research is classified as: (A) Empirical (B) Historical (C) Experimental (D) Biographical

Q39. Which of the following sampling method is appropriate to study the prevalence of AIDS amongst male and female in India in 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Systematic sampling (C) Quota sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Q40. The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is: (A) Applied research (B) Action research (C) Experimental research (D) None of these

Answer: (A)

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY MCQs [2023]

This article includes some of the MCQs from Research Methodology.

• Collecting data
• Formulating a research question
• Analyzing data
• Drawing conclusion
• Meta-analysis
• A conclusion drawn from data analysis
• A summary of research findings
• A measurement of data accuracy
• A statement of predicted relationship between variables
• To identify the research gaps
• To summarize research findings
• To collect primary data
• To analyze data
• The variable that is manipulated by the researcher
• The variable that remains constant throughout the research
• The variable that is measured and observed
• The variable that is not relevant to the research question
• To present research findings
• To provide a rationale for the study
• To establish causality
• To guide the data collection process
• A plan for data analysis
• A method for data collection
• A statistical technique
• A framework for conducting research
• To draw conclusion from data
• To develop research hypotheses
• Chi-squared test
• Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
• Regression analysis
• To provide a baseline for comparison
• To receive the experimental treatment
• To control for confounding variables
• To ensure internal validity
• Research article
• Meta analysis
• Interview transcript
• Large sample size
• Standardize data collection methods
• Emphasis on context and social interactions
• Objectives and detached perspective
• Participant observation
• Structured interviews
• Content Analysis
• Focus Groups
• Understanding the meanings and interpretations of individuals
• Hypothesis testing
• Statistical analysis
• Structured questionnaires
• Experiments
• Interviews and Observations
• What is the prevalence of depression in college students?
• How does gender influence job satisfaction ?
• What is the relationship between income and happiness?
• What are the factors that contribute to successful weight loss?
• Experimental research
• Longitudinal research
• Phenomenology
• Correlation research
• Ethnography
• Correlational Study
• Phenomenological study
• To provide a clear research direction
• Clear and Focused
• Relevant and significant
• Testable and measurable
• Broad and ambiguous
• A sample that is selected by chance
• A sample that is selected based on specific criteria
• A sample that is selected from population in a systematic way
• A sample that is selected based on convenience
• A survey of a large population
• An in-depth investigation of a single individual or group
• An experimental design that tests a hypothesis
• An analysis of existing statistical data
• The group of people who participate in the study
• The larger group from which the participants are selected
• The variables being studied
• THe data collected in the study
• Standard Deviation
• Correlation Coefficient
• Chi-square test
• Randomized controlled trial
• Quasi-experimental design
• Cross-sectional study
• Regression Analysis
• Wilcoxon rank-sum test
• Paired-sample test
• To gather primary data
• To establish the sample size
• To test the research hypothesis
• To refine the research methodology
• Convenience Sampling
• Stratified Sampling
• Cluster Sampling
• Simple Random Sampling
• To summarize and describe data
• To explore relationships between variables
• To interpret qualitative data
• To test hypotheses and make inferences about a population
• Primary data
• Secondary data
• Tertiary data
• A summary of book
• A summary of research study
• A summary of the literature on a particular topic
• A summary of a movie
• Identify the research question
• Identify the study population
• Identify the research hypothesis
• Identify the research methodology
• To provide a summary of the main concepts related to the research topic
• To establish the theoretical foundation for the research study
• To outline the research design and methods
• To report the findings of the research study
• Literature review
• Data analysis
• Research question
• Data collection
• Temporal order
• Covariation
• Association
• Control of confounding variables
• The research question
• The research design
• The data collection method
• The data analysis plan
• A plan for collecting data in as research study
• A plan for analyzing data collected in a research study
• A plan for reporting research findings
• A plan for selecting research participants
• Age of participants in a research study
• Gender of participants in a research study
• Scores on a likert scale in a questionnaire
• Responses to open-ended questions in a survey
• The value that appears most frequently in a dataset
• The average of a dataset
• The middle value of a dataset
• The difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset
• It is exploratory in nature.
• It is aimed at developing new theories
• It is focused on solving practical problems
• It is conducted without a specific application
• Descriptive bias
• Sampling bias
• Causal bias
• Inferential bias
• The tendency of participants to provide socially desirable responses
• The systematic error in measurement instruments
• The distortion of memory in reporting past events
• The influence of the researcher’s expectations on data collection
• Using random sampling techniques
• Double-blind data collection
• Using multiple data collection methods
• Ensuring strict adherence to research protocols
• A measure of central tendency
• A measure of variability
• A systematic error in data collection
• A random error in data collection
• By using a small sample size
• By using biased data collection instruments
• By using non-random sampling techniques
• By using appropriate data collection and analysis methods

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Research Methodology

Student resources, multiple choice questions.

Research: A Way of Thinking

The Research Process: A Quick Glance

Reviewing the Literature

Formulating a Research Problem

Identifying Variables

Constructing Hypotheses

The Research Design

Selecting a Study Design

Selecting a Method of Data Collection

Collecting Data Using Attitudinal Scales

Establishing the Validity and Reliability of a Research Instrument

Selecting a Sample

Writing a Research Proposal

Considering Ethical Issues in Data Collection

Processing Data

Displaying Data

Writing a Research Report

Research Methodology Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Research Methodology MCQ with Answers

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Table of Contents

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-1

1. In “ RESEARCH ”  “R” means

2. In the word “RESEARCH”  “A” means

(A) Articulate

(C) Article

(D) None of the above

3. Research is derived from

(D) Japanizes

4. Who defined “Research” as “systematized effort to gain new knowledge”

(A)Tom & Zerry

(B) Redman and Mory

(C) F.W Taylor

(D) Ross Taylor

5. Which of the following is the Objective of the Research?

(A) To become familiar with a phenomenon

(B) To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables

(C)To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with it is associated with something else.

(D) All of the above

6. Research is basically

(A) a methodology of enquiry

(B) search of truth

(C) a systematic exploration of facts

7. A test of research aptitude for candidates of the UGC NET, is aimed at

(A) providing basic idea of search to the candidates

(B) Screening the persons having scientific bent of mind

(C) providing a database of ‘future’ scientists of the country to the Government

(D) putting obstacles to the candidates

8. The main purpose of research in education is to

(A)-help in individual’s personal growth 

(B) increase the social prestige of an individual

(C) increase individual’s market value of jobs 

(D) help the individual to become an eminent educationist

9. Where is the objective observation used?

(A) In conducting experiments

(B) In research

(C) In normal behaviour 

(D) In almost all the situations

10. Inferring about the whole population on on the basis of the observations made on a small part is called

(A) deductive inference

(B) inductive inference

(C) objective inference

(D) pseudo-inference

11. A hypothesis is a

(A) Tentative statement whose validity is still to be tested

(B) Supposition which is based on the past experiences

(C) Statement of fact

12. What do you mean by synopsis of a research project?

(A) The blue print of research

(B) Extracts from the research observations

(C) A plan of the research

(D) Summary of the findings of the research

13. Can a problem be stated?

(A) By putting forward a question

(B) Making a statment which is declarative in nature

(C) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

14. What do you mean by an assumption?

(A) It is a framework in which research work has to be done

(B) It simplifies the logical process of arriving at the solution

(C) It is a restrictive condition

15. A null hypothesis is

(A) hypothesis of no difference

(B) Hypothesis that assigns value of zero to the variable

(C) Hypothesis of zero significance

16. The preparation of a synopsis is

(B) a science

(D) None of these

17. The advantage of sampling is

(A) time-saving

(B) capital-saving

(C) increased accurary

(D) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

18. In case of destructive testings, the best method of research is

(A) Sampling

(B) Complete enumeration

(C) Census survey

 (D) None of the above

19. The method of Randomization involves

(A) lottery

(B) Coin method

(C) Tippit’s table of random digits

(D)All of the above

20. The advantages of random sampling is that

(A) It is free from personal biases

(B) It produces reasonably accurate results

(C) It is an economical method of data. Collection

21. Tippit table is

(A) A table of random digits

(B) Used in statistical investigations

(C) Used in sampling methods

22. The demerits of sampling methods is

(A) Existence of sampling errors

 (B) Requirements of adequately trained personnel for sample survey

 (C) Non-uniformity in sample units

23. What is the meaning of Randomization?

(A) Each and every unit of the population has an equal chance of selection in the sample

(B) The selection or non-selection of a unit of population does not affect the selection or non-selection of the other unit of the population in the sample

(C) It is a method of selection which is free from subjective biases.

24. Type-1 Error occurs when

(A) The null hypothesis is rejected even when it is true

(B) The null hypothesis is accepted even when it is false

(C) The null hypothesis as well as Alternative hypothesis, both are rejected

25. What is/are the base(s) of formulation of a Hypothesis?

(A) Reflection

(B) Deduction

(C) Observation

(D) All of these

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-2

1. Which is not the characteristic of research

(A) Basic Research

(B) Holistic Perspective

(C) Context Sensitivity

(D) Ex-Post Facto Research

2. The different between the Ex-Post Facto Research and Experiments research is

(B) Control

3. Ex-Post Facto Research could be

4. Part of social research is

(A) Laboratory experiment

(B) Field Experiment

(C) Survey research

5. Kotz has been divided field studies into

(A) Exploratory

(B) Hypothesis testing

(C) Both of the above

6. Which of the following is a step of research design?

 (A) Defining the problem and formulating a hypothesis

(B) Collecting data

(C) Drawing inferences from the data

7. Which of the following is the chief characteristic of sampling methods?

(A) Economy

(B) Reliability

(C) Feasibility

8. Scientific methods are used in

(A) only research projects in pure sciences

(B) social science researches

(D) Neither ‘A’ nor ‘B’

9. Which of the following is a type of hypothesis?

(A) Interrogative hypothesis

(B) Declarative hypothesis

(C) Directional hypothesis

10. Which of the following is a non-probability sampling method?

(A) Simple random sampling

(B) Systematic sampling

(C) Cluster sampling

(D) Quota sampling

11. In which of the following cases, the formation of hypothesis may not be necessary?

(A) Investigative historical studies

(B) Experimental studies

(C) Normative studies

(D) Survey studies

12. A researcher divides the whole population in different parts and then fixes the no. of units from each of the parts that are to be included in the sample. The method of sampling used by him is

(A) Stratified random sampling

(B) Cluster sampling

(C) Quota sampling

13. For the population with finite size which of the following sampling method is generally preferred?

(A) Cluster sampling

(B) Area sampling

(C) Preposive sampling

(D) Systematic sampling

14. A research is based on

 (A) Ideas of the scientists

(B) Experiments

(C) Scientific method

(D) Some general principles

15. The scientific study of the historical back ground of the events to determine its bearing on the present conditions is called

(A) Philosophical research

(B) Action research

(C) Experimental research

(D) Historical research

16. Research and Development (R&D) has now become the index of development of country because

(A) R&D reflect the true economic and social conditions prevailing in a country

(B) R&D targets the human development

(C) R&D can improve the standard of living of the people in a country

17. The word ‘unscientific means

(A) Prejudices and biases

(B) Useless arguments

(C) Not being in harmony

18. Who put forward the statement, “Research is an honest effort carried out through insight”?

19. The Data of research is, generally

(A) Qualitative only

(B) Quantitative only

20. Which of the following is a paramount requirement of a Researcher?

(A) Scientific thinking

(B) Scientific feeling

(C) Scientific behaviour

(D) Scientific attitude

21. A research aims at

(A) Verifying the existing knowledge

(B) Acquiring new knowledge

(C) Filling the missing links in the existing Knowledge

 (D) All of the above

22. Longitudinal approach of Research deals with

(A) Short-term researches

(B) Long-term researches

(C) Horizontal researches

23. Action research means

(A) A longitudinal research

(B) An applied research

(C) Research which are initiated to solve the immediate problems

24. Why Yamuna Action Plan’, is an Action Research Plan?

(A) It has a definite goals and objectives

(B) It is to be finished in a pre-determined schedule

(C) It has a definite socio-economic objective

25. Which of the following Researches emphasise primarily the factual aims?

(A) Philosophical researches

(B) Historical researches

(C) Theoretical researches

(D) Behavioral researches

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-3

1. A successful research requirements

(A) Planning

(B) Guidance

2. Which of the following is the research purpose?

(A) To study a phenomenon or to achieve a new insight in to it

(B)To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with

(C) To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship, between variables

3. Which is the Design of sampling?

(A) Probability selection

(B) Purposive Methods

(C) Mixed Sample

4. Survey research methods come under

(A) Pre-empirical research methods

(B) Descriptive research methods

(C) Experimental research methods

5. Ethical principle is available in which report

(A) Belmont Report

(B) Finance report

(C) Research Report

6. The logic of induction is very much related with

(A) The logic of sampling

(B) The logic of controlled variable

(C) The logic of observation

7. The aims of research

(A) are descriptive in nature

(B) are founded on human values

(C) cause-effect-relatedness

8. The aims of research is/are

(A) Verification

(B) Fact finding

(C) Theoretical development

9. Objective or unbiased observation is most vital in

(A) All walks of life

(B) Performing experiments

(C) Normal behaviour

(D) Research methods

10. The reporting of Research findings should be done

(A) by the scientists themselves

(B) in a scientific and effective way

(C) through internet

(D) through scientific journals

11. Reliability of a research result implies its

(A) Verifiability

(B) Validity

(C) Uniqueness

(D) Usefulness

12. Watson and Mcgrath defined research as

(A) An intellectual exercise

(B) Using exploratory methods

(C) Using scientific methods

13. A research is

(A) A serious and investigative study

(B) Being illuminated

(C) Based on standarized conclusions

14. A person who is repeating the same mistakes again and again without trying to rectify it, is

(A) A foolish person

 (B) An excellent researcher

(C) An excellent forgetter

(D) An insane person

 15. In Hindi, the word “Anusandhan’

(A) Praying to achieve

(B) Attaining an aim

(C) Being goal-directed

(D) Following an aim

16. The word “Research” means

(A) To know

(C) To move

(D) To innovate

17. Social research can be divided into

(A) Two categories

(B) Three categories

(C) Four categories

(D) Five categories

18. Which of the following is/are categories of social research?

(B) Field experiment

19. Which of the following is/are types of field studies?

(A) Exploratory testing

20. Survey research studies

(B) Populations

(C) Circumstances

(D) Processes

21. Evaluation research is concerned with

(A) What are we doing?

(B) Why are we doing?

(C)  How well are we doing?

22. Action research is a type of

 (A) Applied research

 (B) Quality research

(C) Working research

(D) Survey research

23. Which of the following is the key factor in determining the success of group research?

(B) Organization

(C) Researcher

(D) Creativity

24. Which of the following have a direct bearing on research tools and techniques?

(A) Concepts

 (B) Knowledge

(C) Aspirations

25. The aim of group research is to achieve integration on

(A) Conceptual level

(B) Technical level

(C) Human level

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-4

1. The evolution of operation research could be associated within well-known development of

(A) Industrial organization

(B) Institutional organization

(C) Small scale organization

(D) Traditional organization

2. The problem and techniques can be classified broadly into

(A) Inventory control

(B) Game theory

(C) Network analysis

(D)All of these

3. Which of the following is/are essential requirement/s to carry out a successful research

(C) Experts

4. Which of the following has a great impact mind of the researcher?

(A) References

 (B) Finance

(C) Journals

(D) Library

5. Which of the following is the first step in a research process?

(A) Selecting a topic

(B) Formulating research problem

(C) Development of a hypothesis

6. Hypothesis relate generally or specifically

(A) Variables to variables

(B) Constant to variables

(C) Variables to constant

(D) Constant to constant.

7. The source of hypotheses may be based

(A) Chance-intuition

(B) Expectation

 (D) None of these

8. Research design is

(B) A structure

(C) An strategy

9. Which of the following is/are purposes of the research design?

(A) Providing answers of research questions

 (B) Controling the variance

10. In which of the following selection depends on chance?

(B) Purposive method

(C) Mixed sample

11. In the purposive method of sampling design, items are selected according to

(A) Law of probability

(B) Personal judgement

(C) Law of certainty

12. If samples are taken concerning all probable characteristics then there are

(A) No chances of any error

(B) More chances of error

(C) Lesser chances of more errors

13. Primary data for the research process can be collected through

(A) Experiment

 14. A belief becomes a scientific truth when it is

(A) Established experimentally

(B) Arrived logically

15. In order to study the relationship of family size to income a researcher classifies his population into different income slabs and then takes a random sample from each slab. Which technique of sampling does he adopt?

(B) Random sampling

(C) Stratified random sampling

 16. A researcher uses statistical techniques in his problem to confirm

(A) Whether worthwhile inferences could be drawn

(B) Whether the data could be quantified

(C) Whether appropriate statistical techniques are available

(D) Whether analysis of data would be possible

17. Which of the following qualities do you consider essential for a research scientist?

(A) Keenness of observation

(B) Persistence

(C) Logical reasoning

18. With which of the following propositions about research you do not agree?

(A) Research improves the quality of teaching

(B) Research contributes to social progress of the country

(C) Research is a joy in itself

(D) Research leads to finding solution

19. Which of the following is/are essential for communicating a research work?

(A) Command over language

(B) Conclusions drawn

(C) Procedure followed

20. A researcher should consider himself as

(A) Open minded and radical

(B) A status-quo maintainer

(C) Fairly knowledgeable

(D) Entirely dependent on the teacher

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-5

1. A good researcher lays his hands on

(A) A specific area and tries to understand it great details in

(B) A specific area and tries to understand it in minute details

(C) Several areas and tries to understand them at basic level

(D) Any area of his interest

2. The research is always

(A) Verifying the old knowledge

(B) Exploring the new knowledge

3. The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is

(A) Action research

(B) Experimental research

(C) Applied research

4. Which of the following process is not needed in experimental research?

(A) Observation

(B) Reference collection

(C) Controlling

(D) Manipulation

5. A research problem is not feasible only when

(A) It consists of independent and dependent variables

(B) It is researchable

(C) It has utality and relevance

(D) It is new and adds something to knowledge

6. Research methods can be put into which of the following category?

(A) Pre-empirical research

(B) Descriptive methods

(C)Experimental method

7. Choosing a specific behaviour and counting its occurrences comes under

(A) Correctional research

(B) Naturalistic observation

8. Determining the relationships between two or more variables comes under

(A) Naturalistic observation

(B) Correctional research

(D) Action research

9. Participant observation is the process of immersing yourself in the study of

(A) Processes

(D) Methods

10. A research method ‘ethnography’ is the process of describing a

(A) Culture

(B) way of life

11. Which of the following is an way of doing social science research?

(A) Case study

(B) Game study

(C) Plan study

(D) Process study

12. Dramaturgical interviewing is a technique of doing research by

(A) case study

(B) Role playing

(C) Planning

(D) Sampling

13. Which of the following is the goal of evaluation research?

(A) Situation-based decision making

(B) People-based decision making

(C) Data-based decision making

(D) Trend-based decision making

14. Under the evaluation research which type/s of decision is/are made?

(A) Need assessment

(B) Process evaluation

(C) Context evaluation

15. Usually which type of questions is asked during interviews?

(A) Close-ended

(B) Natural

(C) Open-ended

(D) Puzzling

16. Which of the following is not a component of ethical research?

(A) Competence

(B) Voluntariness

(C) Consent

(D) Suitability

17. Which of the following completes the research process?

(A) Research note

(B) Report writing

(C) Summary writing

(D) Preface writing

18. Which of the following is a suggested outline for report writing?

(A) Prefatory material

(B) Primary material

(C) Supplementary material

(D) Analytic material

19. Which of the following is the most eye catching part of the research report?

(A) Summary

(B) Conclusion

(C) Preface

(D) Glossary of terms

20. A research report is the presentation of

(A) Positive evidences.

(B) Negative evidences

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Research Methodology MCQs

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Answer these Research Methodology MCQs and assess your grip on the subject of Research Methodology. Scroll below and get started!

1: The double-blind procedure is most likely to be used in ________ research.

A.   Survey

B.   Case study

C.   Correlational

D.   Experimental

2: What is the purpose of a literature review in research?

A.   To summarize existing research findings

B.   To identify gaps in current knowledge

C.   To provide theoretical background for the study

D.   All of the above

3: What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

A.   Qualitative research focuses on understanding meanings and interpretations, while quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis

B.   Qualitative research is more reliable than quantitative research

C.   Quantitative research involves larger sample sizes than qualitative research

D.   Qualitative research is conducted in a laboratory setting, while quantitative research is conducted in the field

4: What is the purpose of a research hypothesis?

A.   To state the research question in a concise manner

B.   To provide a rationale for conducting the study

C.   To make a testable prediction about the relationship between variables

D.   To summarize the findings of the study

5: Which of the following sampling methods is appropriate when the population is large and diverse?

A.   Convenience sampling

B.   Purposive sampling

C.   Random sampling

D.   Snowball sampling

6: What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

A.   The variable that is manipulated by the researcher

B.   The variable that is measured or observed for changes

C.   The variable that is held constant for comparison

D.   The variable that is controlled by external factors

7: What is the purpose of data analysis in research?

A.   To collect data from participants

B.   To interpret and draw conclusions from the collected data

C.   To design the research study

D.   To develop research questions and hypotheses

8: What is the difference between primary and secondary data?

A.   Primary data is collected firsthand by the researcher, while secondary data is obtained from existing sources

B.   Primary data is more reliable than secondary data

C.   Secondary data is collected through surveys and experiments, while primary data is obtained from literature reviews

D.   Primary data is quantitative, while secondary data is qualitative

9: What is a research design?

A.   The process of developing research questions and hypotheses

B.   The overall plan or strategy for conducting a research study

C.   The selection and training of research participants

D.   The statistical tests used for data analysis

10: What is the purpose of ethical considerations in research?

A.   To ensure the confidentiality of research data

B.   To protect the rights and well-being of research participants

C.   To obtain funding for the research study

D.   To establish the credibility of the research findings

11: What is the significance level in hypothesis testing?

A.   The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis

B.   The sample size required for the study

C.   The strength of the relationship between variables

D.   The type of statistical analysis used in the study

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Research Methodology MCQs [Multiple Choice Questions and Answer] for NTA NET and SLET Exam

Research Methodology MCQs [Part 1] Multiple Choice Questions and Answers Useful for B.Com/M.Com, NTA NET / JRF and SET Exam

In this Post You will get Research Methodology MCQs which is very helpful for the students of B. Com, M. Com, NTA Net and SLET Exam . More than 200 questions are added and more questions will be added soon.

Research methodology Chapter wise MCQs are also available on our blog. Links are given below:

a)  Research Methodology MCQs [Part 1] (40 Questions)

b) Research Methodology MCQS Part I1 (35 Questions)

c) Sampling MCQs (35 Questions)

d) MCQ on Research Problem and Research Plan (20 Questions)

e) Collection of data MCQs (33 Questions)

f) MCQ on Research Report Writing (30 Questions)

***********************************************

1. The word research is derived from the French word:

c) Resourch

Ans: b) Recerch

2. Research is related with:

a) Discovery of new idea

b) Solution of a problem

c) Investigation of a problem

d) All of the above

Ans: d) All of the above

3. What is the purpose of doing research?

a) To identify problem

b) To find the solution

c) Both A and B

d) None of these

Ans: c) Both A and B

4. Research is

a) Searching again and again

b) Finding solution to any problem

c) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem

d) None of the above

Ans: c) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem

5. Applied research is also called:

a) Analytical research

b) Empirical research

c) Contractual research

d) Qualitative research

Ans: c) Contractual research

6. Action research means:

a) A longitudinal research

b) An Analytical research

c) A research initiated to solve an immediate problem

d) A research with socioeconomic objective

Ans: c) A research initiated to solve an immediate problem

7. Research conducted to find solution for an immediate problem is:

a) Fundamental research

b) Analytical research

d) Action research

Ans: d) Action research

8. Basic research is also known as:

a) Applied research

b) Fundamental research

c) Descriptive research

d) Analytical research

Ans: b) Fundamental research

9. Analytical research is the type of research that:

a) Discovers ways of finding solution of an immediate problem.

b) Gathers knowledge skill.

c) Is useful for formulating hypothesis or testing hypothesis.

d) Analyze the facts or information already available.

Ans: d) Analyze the facts or information already available.

10. Match the following:

11. Research pertaining to pure mathematics or natural laws is the example of:

a) Qualitative research

c) Analytical research

d) Fundamental research

Ans: d) Fundamental research

12. Fundamental research is the type of research that:

Ans: b) Gathers knowledge skill.

13. Research related to abstract ideas or concept is

a) Empirical research

b) Conceptual research

c) Quantitative research

Ans: b) Conceptual research

14. Descriptive research is the type of research that:

c) Only describe the state of affairs as it exists today. It is a fact finding research.

d) Is useful for formulating hypothesis or testing hypothesis.

Ans: c) Only describe the state of affairs as it exists today. It is a fact finding research.

15. Descriptive research is also called as:

b) Qualitative research

c) Statistical research

d) Applied research

Ans: c) Statistical research

16. Descriptive research includes:

a) Fact finding enquiry on social events and system.

b) Hypothesis testing.

c) Ex-post facto research

17. Fundamental research is otherwise called:

a) Basic research

b) Pure research

c) Both a & b

Ans: c) Both a & b

18. Which one of the following is not a feature of descriptive result?

a) It is a fact finding enquiry.

b) Research has no control over variables.

c) Descriptive research is used for hypothesis testing.

d) It is based on measurement of quantity.

Ans: d) It is based on measurement of quantity.

19. The process not needed in experimental research is:

a) Controlling

b) Observation

c) Manipulation

d) Reference collection

Ans: d) Reference collection

20. Research to study the effect of certain policies, plans and programmes is:

b) Descriptive research

c) Evaluation research

d) Casual research

Ans: c) Evaluation research

21. Study of cause and effect relationship between variables is done by:

a) Casual research

b) Empirical research

c) Explanatory research

d) Longitudinal research

Ans: a) Casual research

22. Newton gave three basic laws of motion. This research is categorized as:

a) Descriptive Research

b) Sample Survey

c) Fundamental Research

d)  Applied Research

Ans: c) Fundamental Research

23. Most of the Universities in India:

a) Conduct teaching and research only

b) Affiliate colleges and conduct examinations

c) Conduct teaching/research and examinations

d) Promote research only

Ans: b) Affiliate colleges and conduct examinations

24. Manipulation is always a part of:

a) Historical research

b) Fundamental research

c) Descriptive research

d) Experimental research

Ans: d) Experimental research

25. First stage of research process is:

a) Identification of research problem

b) Review of literature

c) Research design

d) Analysis of data

Ans: a) Identification of research problem

26. Last stage of research process is:

a) Review of literature

b) Report writing

Ans: b) Report writing

27. ________ helps comparison of two or more variables:

a) Classification

b) Tabulation

c) Research

Ans: b) Tabulation

28. One-time research is applicable in case of:

a) Environmental studies

b) Diagnostic Studies

c) Historical Studies

d) Experimental studies

Ans: b) Diagnostic Studies

29. A null hypothesis is

a) When there is no difference between the variables

b) The same as research hypothesis

c) Subjective in nature

d) When there is difference between the variables

Ans: a) When there is no difference between the variables

30. The process not needed in Experimental Researches is:

a) Observation

b) Manipulation

c)  Controlling

d)  Content Analysis

Ans: d) Content Analysis

31. Technical knowledge to solve problem is created in:

a) Critical research

b) Exploratory research

c) Applied research

d) Basic research

Ans: b) Exploratory research

32. Technical Report is otherwise called

a) Interim Report.

b) Popular Report.

d) Summary.

Ans: c) Thesis.

33. A short summary of Technical Report is called

a) Article.

b) Research Abstract.

c) Publication.

Ans: b) Research Abstract.

34. A way of knowing a hypothesis cannot be formed without which of the following?

a) Experimentation

Ans: b) Observation

35. Which of the following is true about research?

a) Research is an art of scientific Investigation.

b) Research is purely an academic activity.   

c) Research should be based on facts.

36. Which of the following is true about hypothesis?

a) A tentative proposition subject to test is hypothesis.

b) Hypothesis cannot be stated in general terms.

c) Hypothesis is capable of being tested.

37. Research process starts with:

a) Hypothesis

b) Experiments to test hypothesis

c) Observation

d) All of these

Ans: d) All of these

38. There are various types of research designed to obtain different types of information. what type of research is used to define problems and suggest hypotheses?

a) Descriptive research

b) Primary research

c) Secondary research

Ans: a) Descriptive research

39. Conducting an experiment on newton's 3rd law of motion is an example of ______ research.

c) Exploratory

d) Descriptive

Ans: b) Basic

40. The final research report is not_____________.

a) Future secondary data.

b) Basis for decision-making.

c) Tangible evidence of a research project.

d) Research proposal.

Ans: c) Tangible evidence of a research project.

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Research Methods In Psychology MCQs With Answers

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Research Methodology MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

Research methodology mcq.

1) Who was the author of the book named “Methods in Social Research”?

• Goode and Hatt

Show Answer Workspace

Answer: c) Goode and Halt

Explanation: The book named “Methods in Social Research” was authored by Goode and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student’s knowledge as well as response skills.

2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?

• Association among variables
• Difference among variables
• Regression among variables
• Variations among variables

Answer: a) Association among variables

Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables.

3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?

• Research hypothesis
• Synopsis of Research
• Research paradigm
• Research design

Answer: d) Research design

Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that you require before research.

4) What is the main role of research in education?

• To upsurge one’s social status.
• To increase one’s job prospects.
• To augment one’s personal growth.
• To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist.

Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist

Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned educationalist.

5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?

• Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.
• Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
• Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
• Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.

Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then move upward to make the theories.

6) How is random sampling helpful?

• Reasonably accurate
• An economical method of data collection
• Free from personal biases
• All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility to get selected.

7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study?

• Descriptive survey method
• Historical method
• Ex-post facto method
• Experimental method

Answer: c) Ex-post facto method

Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the basis of a particular characteristic or trait.

8) Tippit table refers to as _________

• Table of random digits
• The table used in sampling methods
• The table used in statistical investigations

Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.

9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?

• Developing a research design
• Formulating a research question
• Deciding about the data analysis procedure
• Formulating a research hypothesis

Answer: b) Formulating a research question

Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research design.

10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in

• Writing of Seminar representation
• Preparation of research paper/article
• A research dissertation
• Presenting a workshop/conference paper

Answer: c) A research dissertation

Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation, or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.

11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory research?

• It recognizes knowledge as power
• It is a collective process of inquiry
• It emphasizes people as experts
• Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses participation and action.

12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of hypotheses?

• It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.
• It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
• Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
• Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.

Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.

Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.

13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

• The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false
• The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
• Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
• None of the above

Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true

Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.

14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?

• R&D targets human development
• R&D can enhance people’s standard of living in the country
• R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the country
• All the above

Answer: d) All of the above.

Explanation: No explanation.

15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?

• Long-term research
• Short-term research
• Horizontal research

Answer: a) Long-term research

Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred over a while.

16) What do you understand by the term “Anusandhan”?

• Goal-oriented
• Following an aim
• Attaining an aim
• Praying to achieve an aim

Answer: b) Following an aim

17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________

• How well are we doing?
• Why are we doing?
• What are we doing?

Answer: a) How well are we doing?

Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.

18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?

• Research is not passive
• Research is systematic
• Research is not a problem-oriented
• Research is not a process

Answer: d) Research is not a process

Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise.

19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society?

• To learn new things
• To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge
• To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources with the objective

20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research?

• To over simplify the problem of research
• To bring out the holistic approach to research
• To create a new trend in research methodology
• To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain

Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research

Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more hypothetical disciplines into one activity.

21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________

• Improve data interpretation
• Confirm triangulation
• Introduce new variables
• Eliminate spurious relations

Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations

Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new theories and discovering laws.

22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study?

• Rating Scale
• Questionnaire

Answer: c) Questionnaire

Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the Questionnaire is used.

23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other situations?

• Casual Comparative Research
• Historical Research
• Descriptive Research
• Experimental Research

Answer: b) Historical Research

Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been done in India.

24) How to judge the depth of any research?

• By research title
• By research duration
• By research objectives
• By total expenditure on research

Answer: c) By research objectives

Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to achieve through the research.

25) Who can successfully conduct Research?

• Someone who is a hard worker
• Possesses post-graduation degree
• Has studied research methodology
• Possesses thinking and reasoning ability

Answer: c) Has studied research methodology

Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the research.

26) Which of the following is not the method of Research?

• Observation
• Philosophical

Answer: c) Observation

Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new information or create a better understanding of a topic.

27) A research problem is feasible only when

• It has utility and relevance
• It is new and adds something to knowledge
• It is researchable

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to be solved.

28) Circle graphs are used to show

• How is one part related to other parts?
• How various sections share in the whole?
• How is one whole related to another whole?
• How are various parts related to the whole?

Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole?

Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data.

29) Authenticity of a research finding is its

• Objectivity
• Originality

Answer: b) Objectivity

30) Which one is called non-probability sampling?

• Quota sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Systematic sampling
• Stratified random sampling

Answer: a) Quota sampling

Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal opportunity to participate in the study.

31) What does a good thesis involve?

a) Reducing punctuations as well as grammatical errors to minimalist b) Correct reference citations c) Consistency in the way of thesis writing d) Well defined abstract

Select the answers from the codes given below:

• b), c) and d)
• a), b), c) and d)
• a), b) and c)
• a), b) and d)

Answer: B. a), b), c) and d)

Explanation: All of the above.

32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research?

a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out the solution to a problem. b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses, data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done. c) It is an intellectual inquiry or quest towards truth, d) It enhances knowledge.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

• a), c) and d)

Answer: A. a), b), c) and d)

33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans?

• Evaluation Research
• Fundamental Research
• Applied Research
• Action Research

Answer: b) Fundamental Research

Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating the world around them.

34) What are the core elements of a dissertation?

• Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations
• Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography
• Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References

Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows:

35) “Sampling Cases” can be defined as

• Sampling using a sampling frame
• Identifying people who are suitable for research
• Literally the researcher’s brief case
• A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and the definition of the unit of analysis.

36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?

• Systematic Sampling Technique
• Purposive Sampling Technique
• Area Sampling Technique

Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique

Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a regular interval.

37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of

• Social relevance
• Financial support
• Researcher’s interest
• Availability of relevant literature

Answer: a) Social relevance

38) The F-test:

• Is essentially a two-tailed test.
• Is essentially a one-tailed test.
• Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses.
• Can never be one tailed test.

Answer: c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses

Explanation: An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis.

39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population data?

• National Sample Surveys
• Demographic Health Surveys
• National Family Health Surveys

Answer: a) Census

Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data.

40) The process not needed in experimental research is

• Controlling
• Reference collection
• Manipulation and replication

Answer: b) Observation

41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable?

• It can be researched
• It contains dependent and independent variables

Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the concerned area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eliminated, or a troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice pointing towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation.

42) How can we enhance the research objective?

• By making it more valid
• By making it more reliable
• By making it more impartial

Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the accomplishment.

43) Action-research can be understood as ___________

• A longitudinal research
• An applied research
• A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research methodology, which is implemented in social sciences.

44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions?

• The cultural background of the country
• Universities
• Some specific characteristics of castes

Answer: a) The cultural background of the country

Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are often based on assumptions.

45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development?

• Philosophical Research

46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis?

• For setting the hypotheses
• To understand the difference between two variables
• To understand the relationship between two variables
• To understand the difference between various variables

Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables

Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but unobserved variables.

47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn’t necessitate experimental research?

• Manipulation
• Content analysis

Answer: a) Manipulation

Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent variables (i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers, then that process is termed as an experimental manipulation.

48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?

• Numerical Aptitude
• Marital Status
• Socio-economic Status
• Professional Attitude

Answer: d) Professional Attitude

Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent.

49) The “Sociogram” technique is used to study _________

• Vocational Interest
• Human Relations
• Professional Competence
• Achievement Motivation

Answer: b) Human Relations

Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person.

50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of research as a process?

• Problem Solving
• Trial and Error
• Objective Observation
• Systematic Activity

Answer: c) Objective Observation

Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed by developing and expressing your ideas.

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